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    Assignment 5

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    aayush.5.parashar
    1. The document provides problems and equations related to partial differential equations (PDEs), including the wave equation, heat equation, and elliptic equation. 2. It defines the superposition principle for linear PDEs and gives the general solution of the 1D wave equation and heat equation with specified boundary and initial conditions. 3. The problems ask the student to use these equations to determine properties of vibrating strings and heat distribution over time in bars with different initial shapes and boundary temperatures.

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    Assignment 5

    Uploaded by

    aayush.5.parashar
    18 views2 pages
    1. The document provides problems and equations related to partial differential equations (PDEs), including the wave equation, heat equation, and elliptic equation. 2. It defines the superposition principle for linear PDEs and gives the general solution of the 1D wave equation and heat equation with specified boundary and initial conditions. 3. The problems ask the student to use these equations to determine properties of vibrating strings and heat distribution over time in bars with different initial shapes and boundary temperatures.

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    1. The document provides problems and equations related to partial differential equations (PDEs), including the wave equation, heat equation, and elliptic equation. 2. It defines the superposition principle for linear PDEs and gives the general solution of the 1D wave equation and heat equation with specified boundary and initial conditions. 3. The problems ask the student to use these equations to determine properties of vibrating strings and heat distribution over time in bars with different initial shapes and boundary temperatures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views2 pages

    Assignment 5

    Uploaded by

    aayush.5.parashar
    1. The document provides problems and equations related to partial differential equations (PDEs), including the wave equation, heat equation, and elliptic equation. 2. It defines the superposition principle for linear PDEs and gives the general solution of the 1D wave equation and heat equation with specified boundary and initial conditions. 3. The problems ask the student to use these equations to determine properties of vibrating strings and heat distribution over time in bars with different initial shapes and boundary temperatures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    1

    Assignment 5 on Part C
    Partial Differential Equations (MA20103)

    For convenience of the students, I have listed the superposition principle, wave equation
    and elliptic equation at the end of the below problems to avoid the confusion related to
    notations.

    1. (a) Find the periodicity of the function f (x) = x − [x].


    (b) Verify whether the superposition principle for

    ∂u ∂u
    +u =0
    ∂t ∂x
    is satisfied or not? If not, then specify the reason.
    (c) The ends of a stretched string of length L = 1 are fixed at x = 0 and x = 1. The
    string is set to vibrate from rest by releasing it from an initial triangular shape
    modelled by the function

    3x 1
    f (x) = if 0 ≤ x ≤ ,
    10 3
    3(1 − x) 1
    = if ≤ x ≤ 1.
    20 3

    Determine the subsequent motion of the string, given that c = π1 .

    2. (a) Show that if a string with initial shape f (x) = sin mπx
    L for 0 < x < L is set to
    vibrate from rest, then its vibrations are given by the mth mode.
    (b) Use d’Alembert’s principle to verify whether the solution is same as question
    2(a).

    3. (a) A thin bar of length π units is placed in boiling water (temperature 100◦ C). After
    reaching 100◦ C throughout, the bar is removed from the boiling water. With
    the lateral sides kept insulated, suddenly, at time t = 0, the ends are immeresed
    in a medium with constant freezing temperature 0◦ C. Find the temperature
    distribution u(x, t) for t > 0.
    (b) Solve the boundary value problems

    ∂u ∂ 2 u
    − 2 = 0 in 0 < x < π, t > 0
    ∂t ∂x
    u(0, t) = 0 and u(π, t) = 0 for all t > 0
    u(x, 0) = f (x) for 0 < x < π,

    where

    π
    f (x) = 33x if 0 < x ≤ ,
    2
    π
    = 33(π − x) if ≤ x < π.
    2
    2

    Appendix

    Superposition principle: If u1 and u2 are the solutions of a linear homogeneous


    PDEs, then any linear combination u = c1 u1 + c2 u2 , where c1 and c2 are constants, is also
    a solution. If in addition, u1 and u2 satisfy a linear homogeneous boundary condition, then
    so will u = c1 u1 + c2 u2 .
    Wave equations: The solution of the one dimensional wave equation

    ∂2u 2
    2∂ u
    = c for 0 < x < L, t > 0
    ∂t2 ∂x2
    with boundary conditions

    u(0, t) = 0 and u(L, t) = 0 for all t > 0


    and initial conditions

    ∂u
    u(x, 0) = f (x) and (x, 0) = g(x) for 0 < x < L
    ∂t
    is

    ∞
    X nπx
    u(x, t) = sin (bn cos λn t + b∗n sin λn t) , (1)
    L
    n=1

    where

    Z L Z L
    2 nπx 2 nπx
    bn = f (x) sin dx, b∗n = g(x) sin dx (2)
    L 0 L cnπ 0 L

    and

    nπ
    λn = c , n = 1, 2, ... (3)
    L
    Heat equations: The solution of the one dimensional heat equation (boundary value
    problem)

    ∂u ∂2u
    − c2 2 = 0 in 0 < x < L, t > 0,
    ∂t ∂x
    u(0, t) = 0 and u(L, t) = 0 for all t > 0,
    u(x, 0) = f (x) for 0 < x < L

    is

    ∞
    X 2 nπ
    u(x, t) = bn e−λn t sin x, (4)
    L
    n=1

    where
    Z L
    2 nπ nπ
    bn = f (x) sin x dx, λn = c , n = 1, 2, ... (5)
    L 0 L L

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