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    Introduction of First Law of Thermodynamics

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    Tanya Zhang
    The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. It defines systems, surroundings, and the various types of energy transfer between them. The first law applies to biological systems like human metabolism. To control weight based on the first law, one must balance the energy intake from food and drinks (deposits) with the energy expended through daily activities and bodily functions (withdrawals). Gaining weight occurs when deposits exceed withdrawals, while losing weight is when withdrawals exceed deposits.

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    Introduction of First Law of Thermodynamics

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    Tanya Zhang
    22 views8 pages
    The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. It defines systems, surroundings, and the various types of energy transfer between them. The first law applies to biological systems like human metabolism. To control weight based on the first law, one must balance the energy intake from food and drinks (deposits) with the energy expended through daily activities and bodily functions (withdrawals). Gaining weight occurs when deposits exceed withdrawals, while losing weight is when withdrawals exceed deposits.

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    The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. It defines systems, surroundings, and the various types of energy transfer between them. The first law applies to biological systems like human metabolism. To control weight based on the first law, one must balance the energy intake from food and drinks (deposits) with the energy expended through daily activities and bodily functions (withdrawals). Gaining weight occurs when deposits exceed withdrawals, while losing weight is when withdrawals exceed deposits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views8 pages

    Introduction of First Law of Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Tanya Zhang
    The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. It defines systems, surroundings, and the various types of energy transfer between them. The first law applies to biological systems like human metabolism. To control weight based on the first law, one must balance the energy intake from food and drinks (deposits) with the energy expended through daily activities and bodily functions (withdrawals). Gaining weight occurs when deposits exceed withdrawals, while losing weight is when withdrawals exceed deposits.

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    Introduction of

    First Law of Thermodynamics


    Question: Please determine the change in your bank balance

    Rent: $ 900

    Salary: $ 2000
    Deposits Withdrals
    Diet: $ 600

    Shopping refund: $ 80
    Daily Necessities: $ 200
    Bank Balance

    Bank Balance Change = Deposits – Withdrals = $380


    Energy ‘Bank’
    Deposits (Energy Input) Withdrals (Energy Output)

    • Steam
    • Fire (heat)
    • Temperature change (heat)
    • Electricity Balance • Movement (kinetic energy)
    • Fuel (chemical energy) (Energy Stored)
    • …
    • …

    1. Boiling water 2. Refrigerator 3. Rocket


    First Law of Thermodynamics

    ∆U = Q - W
    Heat, Q Work, W
    Heat added to the system, Work done by the system,
    Internal Energy, U
    Q = Qin - Qout W = Wout-Win

    System

    • Heat: the energy that is transferred by molecular motion and collisions due to a temperature difference
    • Work: the energy that is transferred from one system to another or to its surroundings
    • Internal Energy: the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules constituting that system
    Discuss: Positive or Negative work?

    Group A: Steam Engine Group B: Refrigerator

    A steam engine produces work. A refrigerator consumes work.


    Depend on the choice of the system of reference

    Work Work: Steam Engine → Surroundings


    • Engine as the system of reference: Negative
    (Energy is added to surroundings from the engine.)
    • Surroundings as the system of reference: Positive
    (Energy is lost from the engine to surroundings.)
    Steam Engine

    Work Work: Surroundings → Refrigerator


    • Refrigerator as the system of reference: Positive
    (Energy is added to the refrigerator from surroundings.)
    • Surroundings as the system of reference: Negative
    (Energy is lost from sorroundings to the refrigerator.)
    Refrigerator
    Discussion:
    Human metabolism is related to First Law of Thermodynamics.
    How to control weight based on what what we have learned?
    Summary
    • The first law of thermodynamics is defined as ∆U = Q – W, where ∆U is the change in
    internal energy of a system, Q is the net heat transfer (the sum of all heat transfer into
    and out of the system), and W is the net work done (the sum of all work done on or by
    the system).
    • Positive or negative work is depending on the chosen system of reference.
    • Biological metabolism is a specialized example of heat transfer, doing work, and
    internal energy of systems (the first law of thermodynamics).

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