Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Basic and Applied Science
Smart Village Campus

Mathematics (4)
BA 224
Lecture (6)
Surface integrals and Flux
Prepared by :
Dr. Eng. Adel Mohamed Elrefaey

1|Page Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

Surface integrals
Let F  x , y , z  be a scalar or vector function which is defined and continuous on a
surface S. Divide S into elements of area  S i (i  1, 2,..., m ) .Let Fi be the value of
F at any point Pi within  S i . Then the limit:
m
lim m   Fi  S i ,
i 1

is called the surface integral of F over S and is written as

 FdS
S

To evaluate surface integrals, it is convenient to express them as double integrals

taken over the projected area of the surface S on one of the coordinate planes. This
is possible if any line perpendicular to the coordinate plane chosen meets the surface
in no more than one point. However, this does not pose any problem since we can
generally subdivide S into surfaces which do satisfy this restriction.
Let  R i  A i  be the projection of  S i on the xy  plane, i.e.,

 R i  k  ni  S i

where n i is the unit vector normal to  S i at Pi . Therefore

F F
 FdS   k
S R n
dA  
R k n
dxdy ,

where R is the projection of S on xy  plane and n is the unit normal to S.

Calculation of Normal unit vector
f
1) Surface equation given in implicit form f (x , y , z )  0 then n  
f
2) If the surface equation given in explicit form z  f (x , y ) , then
 f   f 
 i   j k
 x   y 
n 2
 f   f 
2

    1
 x   y 

2|Page Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

Flux
The surface integral of the normal component of a vector function F taken over a
surface S is called the flux of F over S,
Flux   F  dS   F  ndS .
S S

dxdy
If surface projected in xy-plane then dS 
n k

dxdz
If surface projected in xz-plane then dS 
nj

dydz
If surface projected in yz-plane then dS 
n i

Example (1)
Evaluate Flux   F  ndS where F  (x  y 2 )i  2x j  2 yz k and S is the part
S

of the plane 2x  y  2z  6 , which is located in the first octant.


  
 13 2i  j  2k 

Solution

3|Page Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 F n
We have  F  ndS   k
S R n
dxdy

To obtain n , the vector perpendicular to the plane f  2x  y  2z  6 :

f  2i  j  2k , the unit vector normal to any point of S

f 2i  j  2k 1
is n   2 2  3  2i  j  2k  , and n  k  23
f 2 1  2 2

Thus F  n  13  2(x  y 2 )  2x  4 yz   13  2 y 2  4 yz  , but

z  3  x  12 y , then

F  n  13  2 y 2  4 y  3  x  12 y    43 y  3  x 

Then
F n 4
y 3  x 
 F  ndS   dxdy   3 dxdy  2 y  3  x dxdy
S R n k R
2
3 R

x 3 y  6  2 x x 3 x 3

y  3  x dydx  y 2 3  x  0
62 x
2    dx   (6  2x ) 2 (3  x )dx
x 0 y 0 x 0 x 0

x 3
 4  (3  x ) 3 dx  (3  x ) 4  81
3

0
x 0

Example (2)
Evaluate Flux   F  ndS , where F  6z i  (2x  y ) j  x k and S is the
S

surface of the cylinder x 2  z 2  9 , which is included in the first octant between the
two planes y  0, y  8 .
Solution
Project S on the xy  plane as shown in the figure and call the projection R

F n
 F  n dS   k
S R n
dxdy

4|Page Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

A normal to f  x 2  z 2  9 be f  2x i  2z k
Thus the unit normal vector to S be
f 2x i  2z k x i z k x i z k
n    , since x 2  z 2  9 on S
f (2x )  0  (2z )
2 2 2
x z
2 2
9

F  n  13  6z x  x z   53 z x , k  n  13 z ,
3 8
5zx
R z dxdy  
x 0

y 0
5x dy dx  180 .

5|Page Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 Sheet # 5
Find  F  n dS if n
S
is the unit upper normal to the surface S for the following

vector functions:

1) F  2x i  2 y j ,
𝑆: 𝑍 = 2𝑥 + 3𝑦
0≤𝑥≤2
−1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤1

2) F  x 2i  e y j  k ,
𝑆: 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧
𝑥≥0
𝑦 ≥ 0,
𝑍≥0
3) F  e y i  e z j  e x k ,
𝑆: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9
𝑥≥0
𝑦≥0
0≤𝑍≤2

4) F  cosh yz i  y 4k ,
𝑆: 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1
−5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5
𝑍≥0

6|Page Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 5) F  i  2 j  7k ,
𝑆: 𝑍 = 4(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑍≤4

6) F  y 2i  x 4 j  z 2k ,
𝑆: 𝑍 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
𝑦≥0
𝑍 ≤9

7) F  y 3i  x 3 j  z 3k ,
𝑆: 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 4
𝑥≥0
𝑦≥0
0≤𝑍≤ℎ

8) F  tan xy i  x 2 y j  z k ,
𝑆: 9𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 9
𝑍≥0
1≤𝑥≤4

7|Page Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 9) F  i  x 2 j  xyz k ,
𝑆: 𝑍 = 𝑥𝑦
0≤𝑥≤𝑦
0≤𝑦≤1

10) F z i z j k ,
𝑆: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 4
𝑍≥0

11) F  z i  xz j  y k ,
𝑆: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 36
𝑥≥0
𝑦≥0
𝑍≥0

8|Page Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 12) F  cosh x i  sinh y k ,
𝑆: 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 2
0≤𝑦≤𝑥
0≤𝑥≤1

9|Page Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 Solution of Sheet

Find  F  n ds
s

i- F  2 xiˆ  2 yjˆ
S : z  2 x  3 y, 0  x  2
1  y  1
Sol

z ˆ z ˆ ˆ
 i jk
x y 2iˆ  3 ˆj  k
n 
 z   z 
2 2
4  9 1
     1
 x   y 

1
kˆ  n 
14
4 x  6 y
F  n 
14
F n
  F  n dS   dx dy
S R k n

  4 x  6 y  dy dx
R

2 1

   4 x  6 y  dy dx
0 1

2
  4 xy  3 y 2
1
dx
1
0

 8x dx  4 x  16
2 2

0
0

2- F  x2iˆ  e y ˆj  kˆ

10 | P a g e Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 S : x  y  z  1, x  0, y  0, z  0
Let f  x yx

f iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 1
n  
f 111 3

x2  e y  1
F n 
3

x2  e y  1
  dx dy
1
R 3
3
1 1 x

  x 
 e y  1 dy dx
2

0 0

 
1 x
  x2  1 y  e y dx
0
0

 
   x 2  1 1  x   e1 x  e0  dx
0


  x 2  x3  x  e1 x dx 
0

1
x3 x 4 x 2
    e1 x
3 4 2 0

1 1 1
    e0  e1  1.3016
3 4 2
3- F  e yiˆ  e z ˆj  e x k

S : x2  y 2  9

f 2 xiˆ  2 yjˆ x y
n   iˆ  ˆj
f 4 x2  4 y 2 3 3

Projection on zx plane

11 | P a g e Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 2y y y y
n j    
4 x2  4 y 2 x2  y 2 9 3

F n
  F  n dS   dx dz
S R n  ˆj
3 2
x y 3
   e y  e z  dz dx
0 
3 3 y
3 2
 x 
   e 9 x 2
 e z  dz dx
0 0 9  x 2

2
3
 x 
  e 9 x 2
 z  e  dx
z

0 9 x 0
2

3
 x 
  e 9 x 2
 2  e2  1dx
0  9  x 2

3
9 x 2
 2e  e x  x  2e0  3e2  3  2e3  19
2

5- F  iˆ  2 ˆj  7kˆ


S : z  4 x2  y 2 
z ˆ z ˆ ˆ
 i jk
x y 8 xiˆ  8 ˆj  k
n 
 z   z 
2 2
64 x 2  64 y 2  1
     1
 x   y 

8 x  16 y  7
F n 
64 x 2  64 y 2  1
1
n k 
64 x 2  64 y 2  1

F n
  F  n dS   dx dy
S R k n
12 | P a g e Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey
 Flux    8 x  16 y  7  dxdy
R

x  r cos , y  r sin 
Using Polar Coordinates
dxdy  rdrd
2 1
Flux     8r cos  16r sin  7  rdrd
0 0

1 1
 8 16 7 
    r 3 cos  r 3 sin   r 2  d
0
3 3 2 0
2
8 16 7
  sin   cos    7
3 3 2 0

13 | P a g e Math(4) Lec(6) Dr Adel Elrefaey