R Working Manuals Students

R Working Manuals
Shankar MM
Mentor – Research & Training
[email protected]
CARES, Bangalore
1. Set the working directory

setwd(“Pathname”)
2. Import emp dataset in to R
emp<-read.csv('emp.csv')
3. Exports in R
Export to txt
write.table(emp, file = 'emp.txt', sep="\t")
Export to CSV
Write.csv(dataset, file=’newdataset.csv’)
install.packages("foreign")
library(foreign)
Export to SPSS
write.foreign(emp, 'Pathname\\emp.txt', 'Pathname\\
emp.sps', package = "SPSS")
Export to SAS
write.foreign(emp, "Pathname\\emp.txt", "Pathname\\emp.sas",
package="SAS")
To know the names of variables in dataset

names(emp)
[1] "id" "gender" "bdate" "educ" "jobcat" "salary" "salbegi " jobtime"
"prevexp" "minority"
To know the head means 1st 6 rows of the dataset

head(emp)
id gender bdate educ jobcat salary salbegin jobtime
prevexp minority
2 m 5/23/1958 16 1 40200 18750 98
36 0
3 f 7/26/1929 12 1 21450 12000 98
381 0
4 f 4/15/1947 8 1 21900 13200 98
190 0
5 m 2/9/1955 15 1 45000 21000 98
138 0
7 m 8/22/1958 15 1 32100 13500 98
67 0
7 m 4/26/1956 15 1 36000 18750 98
114 0
To know the tail means last 6 rows of the dataset

tail(emp)
prevexp minority455 m 1/17/1964 16 3 43650 19500
65 19 0
456 m 10/17/1959 19 3 75000 42510 65 54
0
458 m 7/6/1965 19 3 61875 28740 65 26
0
462 f 10/18/1963 16 3 34410 19500 65 79
0
464 m 3/20/1962 19 3 47550 33000 64 27
0
468 f 11/28/1965 16 3 55750 19980 64 36
0
1. To know structure of the dataset

str(emp)
'data.frame': 474 obs. of 10 variables:
$ id : int 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
$ gender : Factor w/ 2 levels "f","m": 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 ...
$ bdate : Factor w/ 462 levels " ","1/10/1964",..: 275 3 240
290 36 1...
$ educ : int 16 12 8 15 15 15 12 15 12 16 ...
$ jobcat : int 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
$ salary : int 40200 21450 21900 45000 32100 36000 21900 27900
30300 ...
$ salbegin: int 18750 12000 13200 21000 13500 18750 9750 13500
16500 ...
$ jobtime : int 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 ...
$ prevexp : int 36 381 190 138 67 114 0 115 244 143 ...
$ minority: int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
2. To know the dimension of the set
> dim(emp)
[1] 474 10
3. Class of the dataset

> class(emp)
[1] "data.frame"
4. Summary of the data
One variable and more than one variable

5. Selecting the variables and observations
 To select the 10 obs:
> emp10obs<-emp[1:10,]
> emp10obs
prevexp minority
1 2 m 5/23/1958 16 1 40200 18750 98
36 0
2 3 f 7/26/1929 12 1 21450 12000 98
381 0
3 4 f 4/15/1947 8 1 21900 13200 98
190 0
4 5 m 2/9/1955 15 1 45000 21000 98
138 0
5 6 m 8/22/1958 15 1 32100 13500 98
67 0
6 7 m 4/26/1956 15 1 36000 18750 98
114 0
7 8 f 5/6/1966 12 1 21900 9750 98
0 0
8 9 f 1/23/1946 15 1 27900 12750 98
115 0
9 10 f 2/13/1946 12 1 24000 13500 98
244 0
10 11 f 2/7/1950 16 1 30300 16500 98
143 0
 To select the 5 variable
> emp5var<-emp[,1:5]
> emp5var
id gender bdate educ jobcat
1 2 m 5/23/1958 16 1
2 3 f 7/26/1929 12 1
3 4 f 4/15/1947 8 1
4 5 m 2/9/1955 15 1
5 6 m 8/22/1958 15 1
6 7 m 4/26/1956 15 1
7 8 f 5/6/1966 12 1
8 9 f 1/23/1946 15 1
9 10 f 2/13/1946 12 1
10 11 f 2/7/1950 16 1
11 12 m 1/11/1966 8 1
6. Select the continuous variables
> emp_count<-emp[,c(4,6,7,8,9)]
> emp_count
summary by using library "Psych"

install.packages("psych")
library(psych)
7. Describe the dataset
8. Describe by statement
Table function frequency distribution

Table statement one dimension
> table(emp$jobcat)
1 2 3
363 27 84
> prop.table(table(emp$jobcat))
1 2 3
0.76582278 0.05696203 0.17721519
> round(prop.table(table(emp$jobcat)), digits = 2)
1 2 3
0.77 0.06 0.18
Table statement two dimension

> table(emp$gender, emp$jobcat)
1 2 3
f 206 0 10
m 157 27 74
# cross table
Install.packages(gmodel)
library(gmodels)
> CrossTable(emp$jobcat,emp$gender)
Cell Contents
|-------------------------|
| N |
| Chi-square contribution |
| N / Row Total |
| N / Col Total |
| N / Table Total |
|-------------------------|
Total Observations in Table: 474
| emp$gender
emp$jobcat | f | m | Row Total |
-------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
clerical | 206 | 157 | 363 |
| 9.956 | 8.335 | |
| 0.567 | 0.433 | 0.766 |
| 0.954 | 0.609 | |
| 0.435 | 0.331 | |
-------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
custodian | 0 | 27 | 27 |
| 12.304 | 10.301 | |
| 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.057 |
| 0.000 | 0.105 | |
| 0.000 | 0.057 | |
-------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
manager | 10 | 74 | 84 |
| 20.891 | 17.490 | |
| 0.119 | 0.881 | 0.177 |
| 0.046 | 0.287 | |
| 0.021 | 0.156 | |
-------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
Column Total | 216 | 258 | 474 |
| 0.456 | 0.544 | |
-------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
Data Management using Cut, breaks and Add labels
> label<-c('0-50000','50000-100000','100000-150000')
> emp_label<-data.frame(emp, label=cut(emp$salary,
c(0,50000,100000,150000), labels = label))
Loop Function using various apply

apply
> apply(emp[,c(6,7)], 2, mean)

salary salbegin
34419.57 17016.09
sapply
> sapply(emp[,c(6,7)], sum)

salary salbegin
16314875 8065625
lapply
> lapply(emp[,c(6,7)],sum)
$salary
[1] 16314875
$salbegin
[1] 8065625
tapply
> em<-as.list(emp)
> tapply(em$salary, em$gender, mean)
f m
26031.92 41441.78
> tapply(em$jobcat, em$gender, sum)
f m
236 433
Aggregate function
# aggregate salary by gender

> agg_gen<-aggregate(salary~gender, emp, mean)
> agg_gen
gender salary
1 f 26031.92
2 m 41441.78
# one way anova
anova_emp<-aov(emp$salary~emp$jobcat)
summary(anova_emp)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
emp$jobcat 2 8.944e+10 4.472e+10 434.5 <2e-16 ***
Residuals 471 4.848e+10 1.029e+08
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
TukeyHSD(anova_emp)
Tukey multiple comparisons of means
95% family-wise confidence level
Fit: aov(formula = emp$salary ~ emp$jobcat)
$`emp$jobcat`
diff lwr upr p adj
custodian-clerical 3100.349 -1657.805 7858.503 0.2768689
manager-clerical 36139.258 33251.225 39027.291 0.0000000
manager-custodian 33038.909 27761.979 38315.839 0.0000000
Simple Linear regression
Data set used : women - R inbuilt dataset
Ind. Var. = Height
Dep. Var. = Weight
To apply linear model on data
Womenreg <- lm(weight ~ height, data= women)
Summary(womenreg)
Check R square, Residuals s.e, F value, p value and Coefficient value to assess the model goodness and
significant.
To predict the Dep. Var. weight,
Womenpred <- fitted(womenreg)
Multiple linear regression with Emp data
Ind var = Salary Dep. Var = educ, jobcat
Split the data into training and testing
Emptrain <- emp[1:350,]
Emptest <- emp[351:nrow(emp)]
Model training
Empreg <- lm(salary~educ+jobcat,data=emptrain)
Model Testing
Emppred <- predict(empreg,emptiest)
#################### Data Reduction Techq using PCA in Factor Analysis####################
use taj.csv data

taj<-read.csv(“Path”)
dim(taj)
describe(taj)
missvar<-sum(is.na(taj$MenuSelection))
missvar
apply(taj,2,function(x)sum(is.na(x)))
taj1<- na.omit(taj)
dim(taj1)
taj2 <- taj1[,-c(1,2,14)]
apply(taj2,2,mean)
library(psych)
pairs.panels(taj2[1:6])
cor(taj2)
ev <- eigen(cor(taj2)) # get eigenvalues
ev$values
library(psych)
fitfa <- principal(taj2, nfactors=3,
rotate="none", scores = T,
method = "regression")
fitfa$rot.mat
fitfa$communality
fitfa$scores
summary(fitfa)
fitfa$communality
fitfa$loadings
factscore <- fitfa$scores
class(factscore)
colnames(factscore)<- c("service","cuisine","ambience")
head(factscore)
factscore <- as.data.frame(factscore)
factscore<-cbind(taj1$Experience_MoneyValue,factscore)
head(factscore)
dim(factscore)
apply(factscore,2,mean)
corfact<-cor(factscore[,-1])

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R Working Manuals

1. Set the working directory

2. Import emp dataset in to R

To know the names of variables in dataset

To know the head means 1st 6 rows of the dataset

To know the tail means last 6 rows of the dataset

1. To know structure of the dataset

2. To know the dimension of the set

3. Class of the dataset

4. Summary of the data

One variable and more than one variable

summary by using library "Psych"

Table function frequency distribution

> round(prop.table(table(emp$jobcat)), digits = 2)

Table statement two dimension

Total Observations in Table: 474

Loop Function using various apply

> apply(emp[,c(6,7)], 2, mean)

> sapply(emp[,c(6,7)], sum)

# aggregate salary by gender

# one way anova

Fit: aov(formula = emp$salary ~ emp$jobcat)

Ind. Var. = Height

Dep. Var. = Weight

To apply linear model on data

Womenreg <- lm(weight ~ height, data= women)

To predict the Dep. Var. weight,

Womenpred <- fitted(womenreg)

Multiple linear regression with Emp data

Ind var = Salary Dep. Var = educ, jobcat

Split the data into training and testing

Emptrain <- emp[1:350,]

Emptest <- emp[351:nrow(emp)]

Empreg <- lm(salary~educ+jobcat,data=emptrain)

Emppred <- predict(empreg,emptiest)

#################### Data Reduction Techq using PCA in Factor Analysis####################

use taj.csv data

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