WSOMUN

2018

Delegate’s
Handbook
Table of Contents
The United Nations and the birth of MUN...............................................................3
WSOMUN Topics: ...................................................................................................3
Schedule .................................................................................................................4
Flow of debate........................................................................................................4
Research Reports ....................................................................................................5
Useful links .............................................................................................................5
Member Nations.....................................................................................................6
Lobbying .................................................................................................................7
Yields ......................................................................................................................7
Parliamentary Language .........................................................................................8
Motions: .................................................................................................................8
Points: ....................................................................................................................8
Security Council ......................................................................................................9
The P5 ....................................................................................................................9
P5 moderated caucus .............................................................................................9
Position Papers ..................................................................................................... 10
Sample position papers ........................................................................................ 11
How to write resolutions and clauses ................................................................... 14
Dress code ............................................................................................................ 20
 The United Nations and the birth of MUN

The suicide of a dictator who committed one of the most atrocious

genocides in history, the death of over sixty million people and the explosion
of the first and only atomic bombs in history to be dropped on a nation;
Thus were the ramifications of World War II. The world was scarred and with
the league of nations, proving to be somewhat ineffective, the superpowers
needed a more concrete forum as a medium for cooperation and maintence
of peace between nations. On 26 June 1945 the United States drew up the
charter for the United Nations. The first meeting of the United Nations (1946)
was attended by 51 nations. Today, the United Nations is comprised of 192
nations. The United Nations is an organisation committed to international co-
operation, security and maintaining peace between nations. It played a significant role
acting as a peace moderator between the two superpowers during the Cold War.

Originally started by Harvard University, by the mid 1950s all the Ivy League Universities
started to hold their own MUN. Nowadays, MUN is more popularly held at high schools
rather than universities. Model United Nations, also referred to as MUN or Model UN, is a
simulation of the United Nations. The student delegates play roles as diplomats
representing a nation or Non-Government Organisation in any one of the
assemblies/councils. Delegates discuss many global issues, ranging from peace, security,
and international cooperation to justice, human rights and cultural integrity. While individuals
represent different countries, they must come up with effective and realistic solutions, good
enough to be implemented in the real world.

WSOMUN Topics:

UNHRC UNICEF UNSC (AC) UNCSW

Evaluating potential human Protecting Children’s Right to Territorial Disputes in the Addressing the Impact of
rights infringements by Healthcare and Education South China Sea Female Genital Mutilation and
technological development During Warfare and Crisis Honor Killings
Deploring the Rohingya The Role of Children in Drug Addressing North Korea’s Promoting the involvement of
persecution in Myanmar to Trafficking right to Nuclear Power women in the Government
aid urgent action to prevent and its economic
the possibility of genocide development
UNHCR GA1 DISEC GA3 SOCHUM
Addressing the Needs of Responding to the threat of Improving Coordination in
Children and the Disabled in bioterrorism and improvised Humanitarian Response to
the Resettlement Process explosive devices Natural Disasters and Other
Emergencies
Preventing Infectious Diseases Establishing Security Education for Refugee
in Syrian Refugee Strategies for Countering Populations
Communities Cyber Warfare in the Digital
Age
 Schedule

Flow of debate: UNA-USA format

*Be prepared for an opening speech after the agenda is set.

http://munual.org/guide-to-una-usa-rops/
Research Reports

When you get assigned a country, you should start researching your stance
on the country. In addition, it’s important to know general information about
your country, such as the political framework, leadership, indication on the
status of the economy, indication of the average population, relations with
other countries, etc. Also, it’s beneficial to research the stance of other
countries on the particular topics. Your chairs would have written a research
report for you on each topic. These should be uploaded on the school’s
MUN website. A research report introduces the topic and suggests possible
solutions to the topic to get you thinking about solutions your country wants
to put forward.

Useful links

Links Details
http://webtv.un.org You can watch live conferences as well as
old ones for every committee on this.
Sometimes the topic discussed may be
similar to the one given to you so you can
hear other country’s opinions as well that of
your assigned country.
http://www.un.org/en/index.html This is the official UN website. This has
information about: member states, General
Assembly and Security Council resolutions,
the UNs goals and achievements, latest news
related to the UN, etc.
https://delegatepal.com Find statistics and details on country profile
 Member Nations
http://www.unog.ch/unog/website/bookshop.nsf/(httpPublicationsBySubject_en)/018C61280CA5E193C12570120046AC5B?OpenDocument

This poster was made in 2005. Since then, Montenegro (2002) and South Sudan
(2011) have also been granted membership. The UN now comprises of 193 nations.
Lobbying
This happens before debating any topic. You should use this
time effectively by communicating with other delegates to know
their countries’ views on the topic; this is beneficial for when Security Council debates clause by
debate starts. More importantly, delegates write their clause. All the other committees
resolutions/clauses during lobbying time. You must attempt to debate resolutions as a whole.
complete these before lobbying ends as chairs tend to accept
resolutions/clauses in the order they’re submitted. Because
there’s a time set for debate on every topic, if you’re one of the last to hand in your
resolution/clauses, they may not be debated at all.

Yields

Generally, after a delegate has finished speaking, the chair will open the floor to any and
all delegates in the house. The delegate on the floor must ‘yield the floor to the chair’, in
order for this to proceed. Else, the delegate can yield to another delegate, which means
the other delegate automatically has the floor after the delegate yields. However, yields
cannot take place twice in a row. If a delegate has yielded the floor to another delegate,
the delegate who comes up to speak cannot yield the floor to another delegate- they
must yield it back to the chair. Although, once the chair re-opens the floor for delegates
wising to speak, the delegate who has the floor can once again yield to another delegate.
Yields are useful in General Assemblies if signatories of the resolution wish to speak on it;
if you want a delegate who worked with you on the resolution to speak, it’s a good idea to
yield the floor to them as the chair may not give them the floor.

In summary, there are three types of yields:

1) Yield to the chair

2) Yield to another delegate
3) Yield to questions/points of information- this is opening yourself to questions from
other delegate. You can specify whether the questions have to pertain to your
speech, mention a certain number of questions you’re willing to take or open
yourself up to any and all questions.
Parliamentary Language

You must always refer to yourself in third person and refer to other delegates as ‘delegate’
or delegation of their assigned nation/organisation.

Motions:

Motion to move the previous question

End the debate session and start voting procedures
Motion to extend debate time
This proposes debate time to be extended for a particular resolution/clause.
Motion to extend points of information
After a delegate has spoken, they are asked whether they’re open to any points of
information. For example, if a delegate said ‘any and all’. The chair would pick a
set order of delegates. Once the delegate has answered all the questions, this
motion can be made if a delegate still wishes to ask further questions.
Motion to divide the house
During voting procedures, delegates have the option to vote for, against or abstain.
A motion to divide the house proposes that delegates can only vote for or against,
not abstain.
Motion for moderated caucus
The chair calls upon delegates one by one to address the committee. Delegates
can make brief comments on the sub-issue the motion references and these
speeches must comply to the time constraints proposed by the motion.
Motion for unmoderated caucus
This gives delegates the opportunity to move from their chairs and communicate
with other delegates; this allows for joint collaboration or sharing of opinions on
the specific sub-issue referenced by the motion.

Points:
Point of information
Points are information may be asked to the delegate if they’re open to do so after their
speech. This may be about the delegate’s speech, their country’s views on the topic at
debate or a question relating to their amendment/clause/resolution.
Point of personal privilege
You say this when you want to go the toilet for example, change the temperature of the
room, have a delegate speak in a more audible manner, e.tc.
Point of parliamentary enquiry
When you have a question about the procedures in the conference. For example,
you may ask how much time is left for debate on a particular
clause/amendment/resolution
Point of order
When something in the debate is out of parliamentary order. For example, the
chair may have forgotten that there’s still time for/against the resolution- they may
have moved into voting procedures.

Security Council
The Security Council is the most powerful UN organ. Only the most experiences delegates
are granted a place here. While some of the general procedures are similar, there are
some differences in how the Security Council operates.

The council is composed of 15 members; five permanent t (the P5) and 10 non-
permanent elected for the duration of two terms by the General Assembly

The P5
*The P5 nations are the five superpowers of the world.

In Security Council, P5 nations can veto clauses and resolutions. The P5 nations are:

The USA
The UK
France
China
Russia

P5 moderated caucus
Any member of the P5 can motion for a P5 moderated caucus. This includes all members
of the P5 present to attend to a meeting moderated by one of the chairs. Note that this is
only for the P5 and no other nations are allowed to attend to be told of anything
discussed at the meeting. Because the P5 have veto powers, P5 moderated caucus are
held to facilitate face-to-face talks with P5 members to discuss and negotiate solutions to
a problem. Usually, when a P5 member vetoes a clause/resolution, another P5 member
motions for a P5 moderated causes. This is to ensure, the member who vetoed is able to
agree on the resolution, by negotiating with the other members. After a P5 moderated
causes, any changes made to a clause/resolution are displayed for all member states.
Then voting procures begin again and generally the clause/resolution tends to pass as the
member who vetoed is supposed to be satisfied with the changes. Note that this isn’t
always the case and the clause/resolution may still fail due to a lacking majority or the P5
member continuing to proceed with their veto.

Non-council member states:

More than 60 or so members of the UN have never been members of the Security
Council.

Below is a list of UN members who have never been elected as members of the SC:

Afghanistan Grenada Saint Kitts and Nevis

Albania Haiti Saint Lucia
Andorra Iceland Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Antigua and Barbuda Israel Samoa
Armenia Kiribati San Marino
Bahamas Kyrgyzstan Sao Tome and Principe
Barbados Lao People's Democratic Republic Serbia
Belize Latvia Seychelles
Bhutan Lesotho Solomon Islands
Brunei Darussalam Liechtenstein South Sudan
Cambodia Malawi Suriname
Central African Republic Maldives Swaziland
Comoros Marshall Islands Switzerland
Cyprus Micronesia (Federated States of) Tajikistan
Democratic People's Republic of Monaco The former Yugoslav Republic of
Korea Mongolia Macedonia
Dominica Montenegro Timor-Leste
Dominican Republic Mozambique Tonga
El Salvador Myanmar Turkmenistan
Eritrea Nauru Tuvalu
Estonia Palau Uzbekistan
Fiji Papua New Guinea Vanuatu
Georgia Republic of Moldova

Position Papers

A position paper is a condensed version of your research based on the particular topic.
The purpose of a position paper is to help you better understand your county’s stance on
the given topic and they’re also useful during lobbying or when giving a speech. For
example, in case someone asks you a question about your country such as ‘how many
medical personnel has your nation deployed to Afghanistan?’ This isn’t a common sense
or general knowledge question, as it requires prior research, if you have your position
paper, you can answer them immediately. Remember a position paper is no more than an
A4 side, nor is it a list of facts. Your position paper has to flow, with things such as an
equal distribution of facts, background information and solutions your nation proposes.

There’s also an award for best position paper!

The format your position paper should take is:

• Times New Roman

• Font size:12
• No diagrams or images (The UN logo, the WSOMUN logo and flags are not required
but are allowed)
• Word limit: 750

Your position paper should include:

• Brief Introduction: background information on the topic, including your country’s history
with the topic.
• Anything the United Nations has done in the past to resolve the issue
• Anything your country has done to resolve this issue
• Your country’s views/polices towards the topic
• Solutions your country proposes

No Plagiarism Policy

WSO respects integrity and so every position paper will go through a plagiarism checker. If
any paper is more than 7% plagiarised, it will not be considered for best position paper
and all position papers submitted by the delegate will be disqualified. This also restricts the
delegate from winning ‘Best Delegate’

Some chairs may require that you to reference your sources, this however is based on the
chair’s discretion. While WSO, doesn’t require you reference your sources, it does stay firm
about its no plagiarism policy.

Sample position paper

Writing a position paper may seem overwhelming as you have to fit multiple pages of
research into a single paper. Reading sample position papers helps improve your
understanding of what a position paper looks and contains. On the next page is a sample
position paper to help you get an idea of what is expected.
 How to write resolutions and clauses

A resolution is the most significant document of MUN. All three days of debate are
dedicated to the purpose of producing a constructive resolution. You must use
lobbying time to come up with clauses and gather signatories for your resolution.

This must be written during lobbying time, WSOMUN strongly Becoming main submitter for
discourages pre-written resolutions, as the purpose of resolutions increase your
chance of winning best
attending a MUN is to bolster your collaboration and delegate
communication skills.

The main submitter of the resolution has to make the opening speech on that
resolution.

Sponsors
Members who are actively involved in the authoring the draft resolution, including
contributing ideas. All sponsors technically support the resolution. The only
occasion where they wouldn’t vote for it is if an amendment they strongly disagree
with is and passed during debate. All draft resolutions must have a minimum
number of sponsors, which is announced by the chair; this number is in
proportion to the total number of delegates in the house so varies by committee.

Signatories
These are delegates who wish to see the resolution debated. They may not
necessarily agree or disagree with it and had not been part of the drafting
process.

Amendments
These are changes made to an operative clause of a draft resolution; these may include
adding, striking or changing a particular clause/clauses.

Friendly amendment
• This is approved by all sponsors before presenting the draft resolution to the chair
and can be automatically added to the draft resolution
• While debating a draft resolution, a delegate may justify correcting a grammar
point or spelling error with the justification of ‘a friendly amendment’. These aren’t
voted on and can simply be sent as a note to the chair, unless of course the
amendment changes the meaning of the resolution, in which case the chair would
recommend that you propose it to the house.
Unfriendly amendment
 This is not approved by all sponsors or other members of the house and must be
voted upon before they can be enforced on the text.

A voting bloc describes delegates voting on either an amendment or the resolution as a

whole.

A ‘merge’ may take place when two or more resolutions are combined into one. This can
happen on the occasion where all the combined resolutions pertain to the same topic and
can realistically be implemented together (they must not have contrasting clauses).

Format of a Resolution Paper:

The heading of a resolution needs to include three things:

1. The forum/committee the resolution is being debated in,

2. The topic or question the resolution addresses
3. The main submitters of the resolution.

Preambulatory Clauses:

• The first half of every resolution consists of preambulatory clauses.

• These clauses define the issue, recognise its importance, state its
importance, mention any previous resolutions.
• They help acknowledge and describe the problem. Preambulatory clauses
are not numbered. and must be start with present of perfect particles. They
must always end in a comma.

Operative Clauses:

• Operative Clauses are the second and most important part of a resolution.
• The operative clauses are the clauses that are formed during debate.
• They show what actions the resolution is calling for.
• Operative clauses can contain sub-points as well as sub-sub points, in
order to elaborate and bring emphasis on a topic.
Sample Perambulatory Phrases
Affirming Expressing its satisfaction Noting further
Alarmed by Fulfilling Noting with approval
Approving Fully aware Observing
Aware of Fully believing Reaffirming
Bearing in mind Further deploring Realising
Believing Further recalling Recalling
Confident Guided by Recognising
Contemplating Having adopted Referring
Convinced Having considered Seeking
Declaring Having considered further Taking into account
Deeply concerned Having devoted attention Taking into consideration
Deeply conscious Having examined Taking note
Deeply convinced Having heard Viewing with appreciation
Deeply disturbed Having received Welcoming
Deeply regretting Having studied
Desiring Keeping mind
Emphasizing Noting with regret
Expecting Noting with deep concern
Expressing its appreciation Noting with satisfaction

Sample Operative Phrases

Accepts Endorses Further requests
Affirms Expresses its appreciation Further resolves
Approves Expresses its hope Has resolved
Authorises Further invites Notes
Calls Deplores Proclaims
Calls upon Designates Reaffirms
Condemns Draws the attention Recommends
Confirms Emphasises Regrets
Congratulates Encourages Reminds
Considers Endorses Requests
Declares accordingly Expresses its appreciation Solemnly affirms
Deplores Expresses its hope Strongly condemns
Designates Further invites Supports
Draws the attention Further proclaims Takes note of
Emphasises Further reminds Transmits
Encourages Further recommends Trusts

.
 Resolution Paper

Committee:​ Security Council

Topic: ​Technology on the Front Lines | The Defence against the Use of Technology for National
Security ( Policies against Cyber-warfare)
Main Submitter:​ Russian Federation
Sponsors:​ United Kingdom, Republic of Turkey, Malaysia

​ concern, the spread of cyberwarfare across the globe,

Noting with deep
​ Reaffirming its resolutions ​A/RES/68/44,​A/RES/66/41​ ,​A/RES/64/40​ ,​A/RES/62/26​ ,​A/RES/60/69
,​A/RES/59/66​ ,​A/RES/58/42​ and​ A/RES/57/66​,
​ Recognizing that disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation are essential for the
maintenance of international peace and security and that effective national over the transfer of
arms, military equipment and dual-use goods and technology is an important tool in achieving
these objectives,
​
Further deploring the United Nations to help to increase mutual help amongst its members, and
encourage them to share their successful security programs and help less developed and
deserving countries in establishing theirs thus maintaining a stronger union between member
nations,
​ ​ Recalling also its resolutions 53/70 of 4 December 1998, 54/49 of 1 December 1999, 55/28 of 20
November 2000, 56/19 of 29 November 2001 and 57/53 of 22 November 2002 on developments
in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security,

​ 1. Designates special cyber security team under the jurisdiction of the UN that will:
a. Analyze the strength of cyber security for all countries every 6 months;
b. Suggest possible improvements a country could include in order to increase the
strength of cyber-security;

​ 2. Further reminds national efforts should be supported by international

information-sharing and collaboration, so as to effectively confront the increasingly
transnational nature of such [cyber] threats;

​​ 3. Calls for enhanced efforts to close the digital divide in order to achieve universal access
to information and communications technologies and to protect critical information
infrastructures by facilitating the transfer of information technology and capacity building
to developing countries;
Dress code

Men should wear blazers with smart trousers, a shirt

and a tie. While the blazer may be taken off while
the delegate is seated, they must wear it while giving
a speech, asking points of information or addressing
the house/chair in any form.

Women should also be dressed smartly. They can

choose to wear a blazer or smart dress/blouse.

Please keep in mind this is an educational forum as

well as keeping in mind the cultural integrity of the
UAE . Shoulders must be covered and skirts/dresses
should be below knee length. This rule still applies if
tights are worn.

Glossary of MUN phrases

These are commonly used phrases in MUN. Most of these have been
mentioned in the document but here are some definitions to remind
you.

Abstain - The order in which the issues for a committee will

be discussed. The first duty of a committee after the
During a vote on a substantive matter such as a
roll call is usually to set the agenda.
resolution or clauses, delegates may abstain rather
than vote yes or no. This generally signals that a
state does not upport the resolution being voted on,
Amendment -
neither does it oppose it enough to vote no. A change to a draft resolution on the floor, either on
a clause or a resolution. Can be of two types: a
Adjourn - "friendly amendment" is supported by the original
draft resolution's sponsors, and is passed
All UN or MUN sessions end with a vote or motion to
automatically, while an "unfriendly amendment" is
adjourn. This means that the debate is suspended
not supported by the original sponsors and must be
until the next meeting. This can be a short time (e.g.,
voted on by the committee as a whole.
lunch break) or a long time (until the next
conference).
Background guide -
Agenda - A guide to a topic being discussed at an MUN
committee usually written by conference organizers
and distributed to delegates before the conference.
 At a Model UN conference, when a working paper
or draft resolution is first written, it may not be
Caucus - A break in formal debate in which discussed in debate. After it is approved by the
countries can more easily and informally discuss a Director and introduced by the committee, it is put
topic. There are two types: moderated caucus and "on the floor" and may be discussed.
unmoderated caucus
Operative clause -
Chair - The part of a resolution which describes how the UN
A member of the dais or committee that moderates will address a problem. It begins with an action verb
debate, keeps time, rules on points and motions, and (decides, establishes, recommends, etc.)
enforces the rules of procedure.
Page -
Decorum - A delegate in a Model UN committee that has
The order and respect for all delegates at a Model volunteered to pass notes from one delegate to
UN conference, that each and every delegate must another, or from a delegate to the dais, for a short
exhibit. The Chair will call for decorum when he or period of time.
she feels that the committee is not being respectful
of/to speaker, of the dais, or of their roles as Placard -
ambassadors. A piece of card with a country's name on it that a
delegate raises in the air to signal to the Chair that
Delegate - he or she wishes to speak.
A student acting as a representative of a member
state or observer in a Model UN committee for a Point -
certain MUN. A request raised by a delegate for information or for
an action relating to that delegate. Examples include
Delegation - a point of order, a point of inquiry, and a point of
An entire group of people representing a member personal privilege. See our Charts of Rules and
state or observer in all committees at a particular Motions.
Model UN conference.
Position Paper -
Draft resolution - A summary of a country's position on a topic,
A document that seeks to fix the problems written by a delegate before a Model UN
addressed by a Model UN committee. If passed by conference.
the committee, the draft resolution will become into a
resolution. Preambulatory Clause -
The part of a resolution that describes previous
Member State - actions taken on the topic and reasons why the
A country that has ratified the Charter of the United resolution is necessary. It begins with a participle or
Nations and whose application to join has been adjective (noting, concerned, regretting, aware of,
accepted by the General Assembly and Security recalling, etc).
Council. Currently, there are 191 member states.
Resolution -
Motion - A document that has been passed by an organ of
A request made by a delegate that the committee as the UN that aims to address a particular problem or
a whole do something. Some motions might be to go issue. The UN equivalent of a law.
into a caucus, to adjourn, to introduce a draft
resolution, or to move into voting bloc. Right of Reply -
A right to speak in reply to a previous speaker's
Observer - comment, invoked when a delegate feels personally
A state, national organization, regional organization, insulted by another's speech. Generally requires a
or non-governmental organization that is not a written note to the Chair to be invoked.
member of the UN but participates in its debates.
Observers can vote on procedural matters but not Roll Call -
substantive matters. An example is the Holy See. The first order of business in a Model UN committee,
during which the Rapporteur reads aloud the names
On the floor - of each member state in the committee. When a
delegate's country's name is called, he or she may
respond "present" or "present and voting." A Having to do with the topic being discussed. A
delegate responding "present and voting" may not substantive vote is a vote on a draft resolution or
abstain on a substantive vote. amendment already on the floor during voting bloc.
Only member states (not observer states or non-
Rules of Procedure - governmental organizations) may vote on
The rules by which a Model UN committee is run. substantive issues.

Second - Working Paper -

To agree with a motion being proposed. Many A document in which the ideas of some delegates
motions must be seconded before they can be on how to resolve an issue are proposed.
brought to a vote. Frequently the precursor to a draft resolution.

Secretary-General - Veto -
The leader of a Model UN conference, at the highest The ability, held by the P5 nations, which are China,
level. France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom,
and the United States, to prevent any draft resolution
Signatory - in the Security Council from passing by voting no
A country that wishes a draft resolution to be put on (Under a valid reason, of course).
the floor and signs the draft resolution to accomplish
this. A signatory need not support a resolution; it Vote -
only wants it to be discussed. A time at which delegates indicate whether they do
or do not support a proposed action for the
Simple majority - committee. There are two types: procedural and
50% plus one of the number of delegates in a substantive.
committee. The amount needed to pass most votes.
Voting bloc -
Sponsor - The period at the end of a committee session during
One of the writers of a draft resolution. A friendly which delegates vote on proposed amendments and
amendment can only be created if all sponsors draft resolutions. Nobody may enter or leave the
agree. room during voting bloc.

Substantive -