Dental Anatomy محاضره 2

Dental Anatomy
Lecture(2)
Tooth Numbering systems

The teeth numbering system is designed to develop the standard reference principle
to each particular tooth. Three different methods have been employed throughout
the teeth numbering history, and only two of them get commonly used nowadays.
1.Universal notation system
A.Permanent teeth:
Maxillary
Right 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Left
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
16
Mandibular
#11: Permanent maxillary left canine.
#29:Permanent mandibular right second premolar.
#8:Permanent maxillary right central incisor.
1
B.Deciduous teeth
Right A B C D E F G H I J Left
T S R Q P O N M L K
Examples:
#B:Deciduous maxillary right first molar.
#O:Deciduous mandibular left central incisor.
#D:Deciduous maxillary right lateral incisor.
2
2.Palmer notation system
A.Permanent teeth:
Maxillary
Right 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Left
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mandibular
Examples:
6 Permanent maxillary right
first molar.
3 Permanent mandibular
left canine.
8 Permanent maxillary right
third molar.
3
B.Deciduous teeth
Right E D C B A A B C D E Left
E D C B A A B C D E
Examples:
D Deciduous maxillary right
first molar.
C Deciduous mandibular
left canine.
E Deciduous maxillary right
second molar.
3.FDI (Federation Dentaire International)
A.Permanent teeth
B.Deciduous teeth
4
Crown and Roots
Each tooth has a crown and root. The crown is covered with enamel. The root is
covered with cementum and they join at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) or
cervical line.The four tooth tissues are enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp.The
first three are known as hard tissues, the last as soft tissues. The major bulk of
the tooth is dentin.
Dental pulp: is the soft tissue of the tooth and present in the pulp chamber and
pulp canal.
Pulp chamber : is the part of dental pulp in the crown .
Pulp canal : is the part of dental pulp in the root.
The pulp chamber are continuous with the pulp canal and collectively called
as the "pulp cavity".
Anatomical crown :is the portion of the tooth that covered by enamel .
Clinical crown : is the portion of the tooth which is visible in the mouth.
In a healthy person the anatomical crown is larger than the clinical crown.
Figure (1):Crown and root.
5
The number of roots:
1.Single root: in all anterior teeth, mandibular premolars and maxillary second
premolar.
2.Two roots with bifurcation: in mandibular molars and maxillary first

premolar. Division of the tooth root is known as furcation.
3.Three roots with trifurcation: in maxillary molars.
Surfaces and ridges:
The crowns of incisors and canines have four surfaces and ridge, while the
crowns of premolars and molars have five surfaces.
The surfaces are:
1.Labial surface: is the surface which is toward the lip in incisors and canines
(in anterior teeth).
2.Buccal surface: is the surface which is toward the cheek in premolars and
molars (posterior teeth).
The labial and buccal surfaces could be termed as the "facial surfaces".
3.Lingual surface: is the surface which is facing the tongue (all teeth).
4.Occlusal surface: is the surface of the posterior teeth coming in contact with
the teeth in the opposite jaw during closing the mouth.
In anterior teeth, this surface is called "incisal ridge".
5.Proximal surface: is the surface of the tooth facing toward adjacent teeth in
the same dental arch.
a.Mesial surface: is the surface which is facing toward the median line.
b.Distal surface: is the surface which is facing away from the median line.
All teeth have their mesial surfaces touching the distal surfaces of the adjacent
tooth except the maxillary and mandibular central incisor (both permanent and
deciduous).The area of the mesial and distal surface that touch its neighbor in
the arch is called the "contact area".
6
Figure (2):Application of nomenclature.
Division of the crown into thirds:
For description, the crown and the root are divided into thirds according to the
position of the surface.
Line angle: it is formed by the junction of two surfaces and get its name from
these surfaces. example:mesio-labial line angle.
Point angle: it is formed by junction of three surfaces and get its name from
these surfaces. Example:mesiolinguo-incisal point angle.
7
Figure (3):Divisions of crown and root of the tooth

Dental Anatomy محاضره 2

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Dental Anatomy

Tooth Numbering systems

1.Universal notation system

#11: Permanent maxillary left canine.

#29:Permanent mandibular right second premolar.

#8:Permanent maxillary right central incisor.

#B:Deciduous maxillary right first molar.

#O:Deciduous mandibular left central incisor.

#D:Deciduous maxillary right lateral incisor.

6 Permanent maxillary right

8 Permanent maxillary right

D Deciduous maxillary right

E Deciduous maxillary right

3.FDI (Federation Dentaire International)

Pulp chamber : is the part of dental pulp in the crown .

Pulp canal : is the part of dental pulp in the root.

Figure (1):Crown and root.

2.Two roots with bifurcation: in mandibular molars and maxillary first

3.Three roots with trifurcation: in maxillary molars.

Surfaces and ridges:

The surfaces are:

In anterior teeth, this surface is called "incisal ridge".

Division of the crown into thirds:

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