Derives inductively the relationship of

exterior and interior angles of a

polygon
 1 2 3
Derive Determine the Value
inductively the sum of the accumulated
relationship of measures of knowledge.
exterior and the interior and
interior angles exterior angles
of a convex of a convex
polygon polygon
Direction: Read each question and choose
the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer
1. What is the sum of the interior angles
of a triangle?

A. 90° C. 360°
B. 180° D. 540°
2. What is the measure of each interior
angle of a regular hexagon?

A. 120° C. 135°
B. 125° D. 140°
3. What is the measure of the unknown
angle of the given figure at the right?

A. 90°
B. 95°
C. 100°
D. 105°
4. What is the sum of the exterior angles
of a quadrilateral?

A. 90° C. 360°
B. 180° D. 540°
5. What is the measure of each exterior
angle of an equilateral triangle?

A. 30° C. 120°
B. 60° D. 180°
Direction: Read each question and choose
the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer
1. What is the sum of the interior angles
of a triangle?

A. 90° C. 360°
B. 180° D. 540°
2. What is the measure of each interior
angle of a regular hexagon?

A. 120° C. 135°
B. 125° D. 140°
3. What is the measure of the unknown
angle of the given figure at the right?

A. 90°
B. 95°
C. 100°
D. 105°
4. What is the sum of the exterior angles
of a quadrilateral?

A. 90° C. 360°
B. 180° D. 540°
5. What is the measure of each exterior
angle of an equilateral triangle?

A. 30° C. 120°
B. 60° D. 180°
 Parts of a Polygon
Direction: Refer to the figure at the right and identify
what part of the polygon are the following.

1. Point A ___________
VERTEX

2. AB ___________
SIDE
3. ∠ACD ___________
INTERIOR ANGLE

4. ∠CDE ___________
EXTERIOR ANGLE

5. AD ___________
DIAGONAL
Interior angles are angles found
inside any polygon on each vertex.
These angles are formed by the
adjacent sides of the polygon.
Give the interior angles of △ 𝐌𝐍𝐏.
∠𝐌
∠𝐍
∠𝐏
 TRIANGLE ANGLE SUM
THEOREM

- states that the interior angles

of a triangle add up to 180°.
 Alternate interior
∠𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∠𝟒 angles
4 5
k
3
∠𝟏 ≅ ∠𝟒

Alternate interior
∠𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∠𝟓 angles
1 2
∠𝟐 ≅ ∠𝟓
 ∠𝟒, ∠𝟑, ∠𝟓 form a straight
line

k ∠𝟒 + ∠𝟑 + ∠𝟓 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
4 3 5
∠𝟒 ≅ ∠𝟏 ∠𝟓 ≅ ∠𝟐

∠𝟒 + ∠𝟑 + ∠𝟓 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
1 2 ∠𝟏 + ∠𝟑 + ∠𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°

∠𝟏 + ∠𝟑 + ∠𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
❖Polygons are made up of triangles.
❖A polygon with more than three
sides can be subdivided into
triangles by drawing all the
diagonals from one vertex.
A quadrilateral can A pentagon can be
be divided divided into three
into two triangles. triangles.

2 1 3
1 2

figure 1 figure 2
 In figure 1, there are
2 triangles. Therefore,
2 x 180º = 360º.

The sum of the

interior angles of a
quadrilateral is
figure 1 360º.
 In figure 2, there are
3 triangles. Therefore,
3 x 180º = 540º.

The sum of the

interior angles of a
figure 2 pentagon is 540º.
❖ The number of triangles that can be
drawn from a polygon is 2 less than
the number of sides.
❖ The sum of the interior angles of a
polygon is equal to 180° times the
number of triangles that can be
drawn from one vertex of the
polygon.
❖ Therefore, to find the sum of the
interior angles of a polygon, we can
use the formula:
𝐒𝐧 = 𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
where:
𝐒𝐧 = the sum of the interior angles of
a polygon with n sides; and
𝐧 = the number of sides of the polygon
 EXAMPLE # 1:
Find the sum of the interior angles of the
following polygons:
a. heptagon b. octagon
Solution:
1. To find the sum of the interior angles
of a polygon, use the formula:

𝐒𝐧 = 𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
 a. A heptagon has 7 sides.
𝐧=𝟕
𝐒𝐧 = 𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐒𝟕 = 𝟕 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐒𝟕 = 𝟓 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐒𝟕 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎°
Thus, the sum of the interior angles of
a heptagon is 900°.
 b. An octagon has 8 sides.
𝐧=𝟖
𝐒𝐧 = 𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐒𝟖 = 𝟖 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐒𝟖 = 𝟔 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐒𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟎°
Thus, the sum of the interior angles of
an octagon is 1080°.
 EXAMPLE # 2:
Find the measure of each interior angle of
the following regular polygons:

a. square b. pentagon
 Solution:
To find the measure of each interior angle
of a regular polygon, divide the sum of the
interior angles by the number of the sides
of the regular polygon you wish to know.

𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
𝐧
IA stands for Interior Angle.
a. A square has 4 sides. (𝐧 = 𝟒)
𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
𝐧
𝟒 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
𝟒
𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
𝟒
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
𝟒 Thus, the measure of
each interior angle of
𝐈𝐀 = 𝟗𝟎° a square is 90°.
b. A regular pentagon has 5 sides.
𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎° (𝐧 = 𝟓)
𝐈𝐀 =
𝐧
𝟓 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
𝟓
𝟑 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
𝟓
𝟓𝟒𝟎° Thus, the measure of
𝐈𝐀 =
𝟓 each interior angle of
a regular pentagon is
𝐈𝐀 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖° 108°.
 EXAMPLE # 3:
The measure of the interior angle of a
regular polygon is 135°. How many sides
does it have?
Solution:
To find the number of sides of a regular polygon
given the measure of its interior angles, we will use
this formula.
𝟑𝟔𝟎° IA stands for
𝐧= Interior Angle.
𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝐈𝐀
a. 𝐈𝐀 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓°
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐧=
𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝐈𝐀
𝐧 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝟏𝟖𝟎°− 𝟏𝟑𝟓°
𝐧 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎 °
𝟒𝟓°
𝐧 =𝟖
Thus, the regular polygon is an 8-sided polygon.
 EXAMPLE # 4:
Find the unknown angle of the following
convex polygons.
a. b.
Solution:
To find the measure of an unknown
interior angle of any polygon, find the
difference of the sum of the
interior angles of the polygon and
the sum of the given angles.
a. The sum of the interior angles of a
triangle is 180°.
∠𝐏 = 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 ∠𝐬 − 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 ∠𝐬

∠𝐏 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − (𝟔𝟖° + 𝟓𝟐°)

∠𝐏 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
∠𝐏 = 𝟔𝟎° Thus, ∠𝐏 is 60°.
a. The sum of the interior angles of a
quadrilateral is 360°.
∠𝐒 = 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 ∠𝐬 − 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 ∠𝐬

∠𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − (𝟔𝟑° + 𝟖𝟓° + 𝟏𝟎𝟐°)

∠𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟐𝟓𝟎°
∠𝐒 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎° Thus, ∠𝐒 is 110°.
 EXAMPLE # 5:
Find the value of x, ∠𝟏, ∠𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∠𝟑.

113°
Solution:
❖ Determine the sum of the interior angles of
the polygon.
❖ Solve for the value of the variable by adding
all the given angles and equating them to the
sum of the interior angles of the polygon.
❖ Substitute the value of the variable to the
equivalent expression of the unknown angles.
The sum of the interior angles of a five-sided
polygon is 540°.
(𝟒𝐱)° + 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟖 ° + 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟗 ° + 𝟏𝟏𝟑° + 𝟏𝟏𝟑° = 𝟓𝟒𝟎°
𝟗𝐱 + 𝟐𝟒𝟑° = 𝟓𝟒𝟎°
𝟗𝐱 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎° − 𝟐𝟒𝟑°
𝟗𝐱 = 𝟐𝟗𝟕°
𝟗 𝟗
𝐱 = 𝟑𝟑°
Solve for ∠𝟏, ∠𝟐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝟑. 𝐱 = 𝟑𝟑°

∠𝟏 = 𝟒𝒙 ∠𝟐 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖
∠𝟏 = 𝟒(𝟑𝟑°) ∠𝟐= 𝟑 𝟑𝟑° + 𝟖
∠𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐° ∠𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟕°

∠𝟑 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗
∠𝟑= 𝟐 𝟑𝟑° + 𝟗
∠𝟑 = 𝟕𝟓°
Exterior angle is formed by one side of a
polygon and the extension of the side
adjacent to it. The exterior angles can be
drawn either in clockwise or
counterclockwise direction.
 Interior angle: ∠𝟏
Exterior angle: ∠𝟐

∠𝟏 + ∠𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
1 2

The interior angle and the exterior angle

adjacent to it form a linear pair. Hence,
the sum of these angles is 180°.
➢Using this idea, we can now generalize the
sum of the exterior angles of a polygon.
 EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

𝐒 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° 120° 𝟏𝟐𝟎° + 𝟏𝟐𝟎°

𝟏𝟖𝟎° 60° + 𝟏𝟐𝟎° = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
𝟑
𝐈𝐀 = 𝟔𝟎° 𝟑 𝟏𝟐𝟎° = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°

60° 60° 120°

120°

Thus, the sum of the exterior angles

of an equilateral triangle is 𝟑𝟔𝟎°.
 115°
65°

The sum of the

interior angles of a 75° 40° 140°
triangle is 𝟏𝟖𝟎°. 105°

𝟏𝟏𝟓° + 𝟏𝟒𝟎° + 𝟏𝟎𝟓° = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°

Thus, the sum of the exterior

angles of a triangle is 𝟑𝟔𝟎°.
 SQUARE
90°
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
90° 90° 90° 𝟗𝟎° + 𝟗𝟎° + 𝟗𝟎°
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 = + 𝟗𝟎° = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝟒
𝐈𝐀 = 𝟗𝟎° 𝟒 𝟗𝟎° = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
90° 90° 90°
90°

Thus, the sum of the exterior

angles of a SQUARE is 𝟑𝟔𝟎°.
 QUADRILATERAL
100°
The sum of the 100° 80° 80°
interior angles of a
quadrilateral is
𝟑𝟔𝟎°. 100° 100° 80°
80°

𝟖𝟎° + 𝟏𝟎𝟎° + 𝟖𝟎°° + 𝟏𝟎𝟎° = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°

Thus, the sum of the exterior angles
of a QUADRILATERAL is 𝟑𝟔𝟎°.
 REGULAR PENTAGON

72°
𝐒 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎° 108°
72° Thus, the sum
𝟓𝟒𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 = 108° 108° of the exterior
𝟓
𝐈𝐀 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖°
72° angles of a
regular
108° 108° 72° pentagon is
72° 𝟑𝟔𝟎°.

𝟕𝟐° + 𝟕𝟐° + 𝟕𝟐° + 𝟕𝟐° + 𝟕𝟐° = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°

𝟓 𝟕𝟐° = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
❖ The sum of the exterior
angles of any convex polygon
is always 360°, no matter how
many sides it has.
 EXAMPLE # 1:
Find the sum of the exterior angles of the
following polygons:
a. decagon b. 28-gon

Solution:
The sum of the exterior angles of
any polygon is 360°.
a. The sum of the exterior angles
of a decagon is 360°.

b. The sum of the exterior angles

of a 28-gon is 360°.
 EXAMPLE # 2:

Find the measure of each exterior

angle of the following regular
polygons:
a. hexagon b. octagon
 Solution:
To find the measure of each exterior angle
of a regular polygon, divide 360° by the
number of sides of the polygon.
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐄𝐀 =
𝐧
EA stands for Exterior Angle.
 a. A regular hexagon has 6 sides.
(𝐧 = 𝟔) 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐄𝐀 =
𝐧
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐄𝐀 =
𝟔
𝐄𝐀 = 𝟔𝟎°

Thus, the measure of each exterior

angle of a regular hexagon is 60°.
 b. A regular octagon has 8 sides.
(𝐧 = 𝟖) 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐄𝐀 =
𝐧
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐄𝐀 =
𝟖
𝐄𝐀 = 𝟒𝟓°
Thus, the measure of each exterior
angle of a regular octagon is 45°.
 EXAMPLE # 3:
The measure of one of the exterior
angles of a regular polygon is 40°.
Find the number of sides the
polygon has.
 Solution:
To find the number of sides of a regular
polygon given the measure of one of its
exterior angles, divide 360° by the exterior
angle.
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐧=
𝐄𝐀
EA stands for Exterior Angle.
 a. 𝐄𝐀 = 𝟒𝟎°
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐧=
𝐄𝐀
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐧=
𝟒𝟎°
𝐧= 𝟗

Thus, the regular polygon has 9

sides.
 EXAMPLE # 4:

Find the measure of unknown exterior

angle of the following convex polygons.
a. b.
 Solution:

To find the measure of an unknown

exterior angle of any polygon, find the
difference of 360° and the sum of the
set of given angles.
a. The sum of the exterior angles of a
quadrilateral is 360°.
∠𝐀 = 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 ∠𝐬 − 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 ∠𝐬

∠𝐀 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − (𝟗𝟓° + 𝟏𝟐𝟑° + 𝟗𝟐°)

∠𝐀 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟑𝟏𝟎°
∠𝐀 = 𝟓𝟎° Thus, ∠𝐀 is 50°.
 𝟗𝟎°

a. The sum of the exterior angles of a

pentagon is 360°.
∠𝐒 = 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 ∠𝐬 − 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 ∠𝐬

∠𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − (𝟔𝟎° + 𝟔𝟓° + 𝟒𝟓° + 𝟗𝟎°)

∠𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟐𝟔𝟎°
∠𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎° Thus, ∠𝐒 is 100°.
 EXAMPLE # 5:
Find the value of 𝐱, ∠𝟏, ∠𝟐, ∠𝟑, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∠𝟒.
Solution:
❖ The sum of the exterior angles of a polygon is
360°.
❖ Solve for the value of the variable by adding
all the given angles and equating them to
360°.
❖ Substitute the value of the variable to the
equivalent expression of the unknown angles.
The sum of the exterior angles of any
convex polygon is 360°.
𝟒𝐱 + 𝐱 + 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝟏𝟎𝐱 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝟏𝟎𝐱 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝐱 = 𝟑𝟔°
Solve for ∠𝟏, ∠𝟐, ∠𝟑𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝟒. 𝐱 = 𝟑𝟔°
∠𝟏 = 𝟒𝒙 ∠𝟐 = 𝒙
∠𝟏 = 𝟒(𝟑𝟔°) ∠𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔°
∠𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒°
∠𝟑 = 𝟑𝒙 ∠𝟒 = 𝟐𝒙

∠𝟑 = 𝟑 𝟑𝟔° ∠𝟒 = 𝟐 𝟑𝟔°
∠𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖° ∠𝟒 = 𝟕𝟐°
 LET’S PRACTICE!

A. Direction: Find the sum of the interior

angles of the following polygons.
𝐒𝐧 = 𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟎°
_______________1. Decagon
𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟎°
_______________2. 14-gon
𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟎°
_______________3. Nonagon
 LET’S PRACTICE!

B. Direction: Find the sum of the exterior

angles of the following polygons.

𝟑𝟔𝟎°
_______________1. 20-gon
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
_______________2. 55-gon
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
_______________3. dodecagon
 KEEP PRACTICING!
A. Direction: Find the measure of each
interior angle of the following regular
polygons. 𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
𝐧
𝟏𝟑𝟓°
_______________1. octagon
𝟏𝟐𝟎°
_______________2. hexagon
𝟏𝟒𝟒°
_______________3. decagon
 KEEP PRACTICING!

B. Direction: Find the measure of each

exterior angle of the following regular
polygons. 𝐄𝐀 =
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐧
𝟔𝟎°
_______________1. hexagon
𝟑𝟎°
_______________2. dodecagon
𝟒°
_______________3. 90-gon
 TEST YOURSELF!
A. Direction: Find the measure of each
unknown interior angle of the following
polygons.

𝟗𝟕° 𝟖𝟎°
 TEST YOURSELF!
B. Direction: Find the measure of each unknown
exterior angle of the following polygons.

𝟓𝟓° 𝟏𝟒𝟐°
 WRAP-UP
Direction: Fill in the blanks.
• The sum of the interior angles of a triangle
is ____________.
𝟏𝟖𝟎°
• The formula to find the sum of the interior
angles of a polygon is ________________.
𝐒𝐧 = (𝐧 − 𝟐)𝟏𝟖𝟎°
• The formula to find the measure of each
interior angle of a polygon is 𝐧 − 𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐈𝐀 =
____________.
𝐧
 WRAP-UP

• The sum of the exterior angles of any

convex polygon is __________.
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
• The formula to find the measure of each
exterior angle of a regular polygon is
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐄𝐀 =
__________.
𝐧