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GROUP 8: LIGHTING DESIGN PRINCIPLES
HISTORY OF LIGHTING DESIGNS.

1800 – 1900 (Incandescent Era) – Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan were the pioneer of incandescent
light bulb.
Late 19th Century (Emergence of Electric Lighting) – Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse played ker
roles in development of alternating current system.
Early 20th Century (Industrialization and Workplace Lighting) – Frank Gilberth and Frederick Taylor
applied scientific management principles to workplace efficiency.
Mid-20th Century (Factors and Ergonomics) – Richard Kelly, William Lam, and Stanley McCandless,
contributed to principles focused on human factors.
1970’s (Energy Crisis and Focus on Efficiency) – Energy efficiency lighting principle were promoted by
Howard Brandston.
Late 20th to 21st Century (Advents of Leds) – Nick Holonyak Jr. and Shuji Nakamura were instrumental in
the development of LED.
21st Century (Integration of Smart Technologies) – Contributors [Philips] in the field of Internet of Things
(IoT).
Present (Sustainable Lighting) – Promoting sustainable lighting principles.
LIGHTING DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Illuminance levels – Amount of light required in a space.
• Candela – Strength of the light emission.

• Lumen – Amount of light that is radiated.
• Lux – Illumination intensity.
Uniformity – creates a visually comfortable environment.
Color Rendering Index – measures how accurately light source display colors.
Energy Efficiency – using energy-efficient light sources and incorporating controls.
Maintenance Consideration – choosing fixtures that are easy to maintain and replace.
Adaptability – allows for easy modifications to accommodate changes.
Glare Control – involves selecting fixtures and positioning them to avoid direct views of light sources.
Regulatory Compliance – Adhering to local building codes and standards.’
1. Exits Signs and Emergency Lightings.
2. Illuminance Levels.
3. Electrical Safety.
4. Energy Efficiency.
5. Accessibility.
6. Fire Safety.
7. Natural Light and Ventilation.
Aesthetics – contributes to the overall ambiance of a space.
Safety and Sustainability – involve creating well-lit spaces that prioritize occupant safety.
ROLES OF LIGHTING DESIGN PRINCIPLES

• Energy Efficiency
• Natural Light Integration
• Reduced Light Pollution
• Adherence to Green Building Standards
• Long-Term Cost Savings
• Environmental Impact Considerations.
GROUP 9: ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING DESIGN

Architectural Lighting Design – field of work or study that is concerned with the design of lighting
systems.
Lighting Design – based on both science and visual arts.
Interior or Interior Lighting Design – focused on creating aesthetically lighting solution for indoor spaces.
Exterior or Exterior Lighting Design – focuses on strategically illuminating outdoor spaces and structure.
EXAMPLE OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING DESIGNS
Flood Lights – work by “flooding” an area with light.
Accent Lighting – act as highlighting device.
• Task Lighting – use of incandescent lights focused directly.

• Pathway Lighting – exterior lighting designed for landscaping and pathways.
▪ Garden lights
▪ Flush Lights
▪ Bollard Lights
▪ Down Lights
Ceiling Lighting – lighting fixture that is mounted on the ceiling.
Floor Deck Lighting – lighting that is installed on the surface of a deck or patio.
Linear Recessed Lighting - to distribute the light over a narrower area.
Fence Illumination – illuminate the borders of your backyard.
BENEFITS OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
• Enhanced Aesthetics
• Increased Visibility
• Increased Safety and Security
EXAMPLE OF GOOD ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING DESIGNS
• Oslo Opera House

• Indian Heritage Centre
• V on Shenton
• Mecenat Art Museum
THREE BASIC TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
• Cove Lighting
• Soffit Lighting
• Valance Lighting
METHODS OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
• Task Layer
• Focal Layer
• Ambient Layer
• Decorative Layer
• Day Light Layer
GROUP 10: BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Telecommunication – the transmission, emission, or reception of signal.
Telecommunication Signal – a network of components that enable communication between two or more
parties. Analog or Digital.
COMPONENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION
1. Data Source – creates data for transmission.
2. Transmitter – encode data for transmission.
3. Transmission Medium – connecting medium between devices.
4. Receiver – decode back to original.
5. Destination – final destination of the transmission.
Telecommunication Network – a collection of communication equipment and devices that are
interconnected. Cellular Network and Internet.
Nodes – series of connecting points.
Network Topology – configuration of a network. Bus, Ring, and Star.
Mobile Phones – portable devices that uses wireless networks to communicate over long distances.
Laptop – portable computer that can connect to the internet. Have built-in webcams and mics.
Communication Satellites – receive signals from the ground-based device.
Radio – use radio waves to transmit and receive signal.
Radio Broadcasting Station – send out signals carrying audio content.
Wireless Router – device that connects to an internet service provider.
GPS Device – Global Positioning Device, to determine precise location on Earth.
Fax Machine – transmit document over long distances via telephone lines.
TYPES OF NETWORKS
• Personal Area Network (PAN) – connect devices within the immediate area of individual people.
• Local Area Network (LAN) – computer and peripheral devices that share a common
communication line. Ethernet, ARCnet, and Token Ring.
• Campus Area Network (CAN) – set of interconnected LANs. Mainly use of Ethernet technology.
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – network that connects computer and hardware… of a size of
a metropolitan area.
• Wide Area Network (WAN) – telecommunication network that extends over a large geographical
area.
Transmission Media – path through which a signal is sent through.

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
• Copper Wiring – principal telecommunication transmission medium.

• Coaxial Cable – has two conductors, an inner solid wire surrounded by an outer braided metal
sheath.
• Optical Fibers – thin strands of very pure silicon glass.
• Wireless – used to describe telecommunication in which electromagnetic waves carry the signal.

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GROUP 8: LIGHTING DESIGN PRINCIPLES

HISTORY OF LIGHTING DESIGNS.

LIGHTING DESIGN PRINCIPLES

• Candela – Strength of the light emission.

ROLES OF LIGHTING DESIGN PRINCIPLES

GROUP 9: ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING DESIGN

• Task Lighting – use of incandescent lights focused directly.

• Oslo Opera House

GROUP 10: BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Transmission Media – path through which a signal is sent through.

• Copper Wiring – principal telecommunication transmission medium.

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