Thesis

Propose Project of Bridge Overhang Brackets Along
P. Garcia St. to Support the Formwork for the

Construction of Bridge Decks
Abstract
Bridge construction projects are inherently complex and literature, and

these place great demands on projects management to apply innovative
approaches for more comprehensive analysis of performance date under
uncertain conditions. Although new technological-based methods such as
simulation have proven to be powerful techniques and certain project
behaviors, implementation of simulation-based modeling is below far in the
contraction domain especially in bridge construction. The study design and
data collection are briefly described to demonstrate the bridge construction
management. It is hoped that the study will benefit both construction planners
and managers.
Introduction
Construction projects are complex and are usually considered the most
complex undertaking in any industry. The construction industry experiences
great difficulty in coping with the increasing complexity of its major projects.
For example, complex interdependencies in a construction project’s
components make its analysis complicated. In addition, multiple interacting
feedback processes included in a complex system such as large scale
construction projects means that mental models and traditional cost and
scheduling tools such as CPM do not adequate account for feedback effects.
Project tools such as Giant charts, PERT ( Program Evaluation and Review
Technique ) and CPM ( Critical Path Method ) have been very helpful in the
scheduling of activity sequences, but are unable to solve problems related to
the dynamic nature of overhang bridge. For example, CPM-based analysis
only determines the effect of a change in the time required to an individual
step which may affect the total completion time for a project. A bridge is a
structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath.
The bridge is a structure for carrying the road traffic or other moving loads
over a depression or obstruction such as channel, road or railway. Overhang
construction often produces torsional loads on the grider systems that are not
usually considered in the design of the bridge. Although steel grider systems
do provide significant bracing to prevent lateral to prevent lateral torsional
buckling, they are not typically design for the torque load as a result of
overhang construction. The major overhang loads during construction include
the concrete on the overhang and the bridge deck finishing screed.
The bridge deck finishing screed wheels are typically positions near the
edge of the overhang, which produces another significant eccentric load.
Although the definition for an overhang maybe slightly different for designers,
an overhang in this research project is defined as the portion of the concrete
deck the extends from the centerline of the fascia grider to the edge of the
deck.
Literature Review
This chapter presents a literature review of the state of practice for the
use of innovative prefabricated systems and elements in bridge construction,
rehabilitaton, and replacement. In addition, the experience gained in the
railroad industry, as well as international experience on the use of
prefabricated systems and methods to minimize traffic disruption, is
summarized. New systems that are currently under evaluation are also
presented. Aging bridges requiring repair, rehabilitation, or replacement
represent serious problems that have important consequences for bridge
users. A full-lane closure is very costly in large urban centers of highways,
because of the significant economic impact on commercial and industrial
activities.
Workzone safety is an important issue to consider in such situations.

These situations have lead researchers and bridge authorities to investigate
more elaborate integral prefabricated systems to improve workzone safety and
minimize traffic disruptions.
Purpose of the study
Overhang construction can pose several problems for both concrete

and steel grider systems. Current design methodologies in bridge design don’t
often consider the overhang demands on bridge behaviour, but instead utilize
typical details. The construction loads in these overhangs are transferred to
the fascia grider through overhang brackets are often left up to the contractor.
Because of the relatively large eccentricity of the overhang load, the fascia
griders on concrete and steel griders systems are often subjected to large
torques that are often not considered by engineers during the design process.
These torques can cause excessive rotations of the griders systems that
should-by considered during the design process. The large torques have
caused the fascia grider in a prestressed concrete grider bridge to lift off the
bearing pads during construction and also caused a twin steel grider system in
a bridge widening to nearly fail by system lateral torsional buckling. In addition,
there were concerns that the reaction forces from overhang brackets could
distort the web, thereby leading to local instabilities or large web imperfections
that get locked into the griders once the deck cures. The study resulted in
substantial improvement in the understanding of the overhang construction on
the structural behavior of the bridge grider systems. The indentification of
critical overhang geometries was achieved along with the development of
design equations and recommendations for overhang construction.

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Propose Project of Bridge Overhang Brackets Along

P. Garcia St. to Support the Formwork for the

Bridge construction projects are inherently complex and literature, and

Workzone safety is an important issue to consider in such situations.

Overhang construction can pose several problems for both concrete

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