EVALUATE WAYS IN WHICH THE CONSTITUTION LIMITS THE

POWERS OF GOVERNMENT IN BOTSWANA

Allows civil society to sue the government . Government can be
challenged by civil society because the constitution gives
ordinary people rights to sue the govt if it abuses its powers .
This promotes accountability by the govt . However this makes
the govt vulnerable to influx of court cases as civil society may
take advantage of this provision to cash on the govt coffers and
when this happens there is nothing the govt can do because
court decisions are binding even if those decisions does not
benefit the govt . This leads to loss of money which could be
used for development.
The constitution limits the presidential term in the office . The
presidential term in the office is limited to only 2 terms i.e 10
years which is 5years each term . This gives the country an
opportunity to change to a new president at the end of each
term if they wish to.However limited presidential term of 5
years may not be sufficient for the president to implement all
the intended policies and programmes leaving some
incomplete.
EVALUATE THE ROLES OF DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS IN
PROMOTING GOOD GOVERNANCE IN BOTSWANA
MEDIA publishes on any issues concerning the government .
The public now becomes aware of everything that is happening
in their country either positive or negative .The government of
Botswana then keep a track of its actions since they will be
scared that if they do anything bad it will be published This
gives the public a chance to have a say in what is happening in
their country which leads to transparency in Botswana thus
enhancing public participation . However in Botswana the
government media publishes only the positives about the
government ,they never publish anything that the government
does that is not good for its own people . This ends up leading
to conflicts between citizens if they are to be aware of those
negatives done by the government in the country.
Media acts as the public watchdog.They keep an eye on
everything that is happening in the country and inform the
public about it.Since they keep an eye on everything they
expose issues that may affect the country negatively and as
such the government refrain from bad activities since they
know that they will be exposed which in turn tarnishes their
names.However the media will sometimes miss out on the
things that are happening in the country or know of them when
it's too late.This leads to downfall on economic on cases where
corruption is practiced and the media doesn't notice that well
on time.
The media provides education to the public.The media refers to
means of communication or spreading information to
people.This can include television stations,radio stations,
newspapers,internet etc.Through these platforms the public can
be informed on different topics that may be important to them
eg political education where the public can be taught about the
importance of voting .With the education that the public learns
from the media they can be able to make informed choices on
different matters . However this education can only be accessed
by people who have TV's ,radios,internets etc,those who do not
have this gadgets would be misinformed.
MEDIA INSTITUTE FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA [MISA] acts as the
watchdog of the public .They keep an eye on everything that is
happening in their country so as to inform the public if they get
hold of any issue .Since they keep an eye on everything they
end up exposing issues affecting the country such as
corruption , nepotism, favouritisn and tribalism .However MISA
may not always get hold of these issues in some parts of the
country which delays development in those places.
DIRECTORATE OF CORRUPTION AND ECONOMIC CRIME[DCEC]
prevents corruption by educating the public against corruption .
The public is now aware of the consequences of corruption and
as such they avoid any act of corruption . They encourage each
other to abstain from things like corruption . However in
Botswana the public has turned a blind eye to the education
they are provided about corruption . Corruption is rapidly
increasing more especially among those in power . This leads to
the delay in the country's growth as resources are now used for
personal gains.
BOTSWANA COUNCIL OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANISATIONS[BOCONGO] as one of the institutions
advocates for transparency , public participation , accountability
in government and other sectors of society . Mainly deals with
the public being made aware of the issues in their countries and
their participation in the country. It also deals with the country
being able to take responsibility for their actions which in turn
leads to unity and harmony . However in Botswana the public is
not always included in the things happening in the country and
the government at times fail to aacont for its decisions which
may lead to tension among citizens .
EMANG BASADI encourages women to participate in politics
and stand for elections . This as such enhances equality
between men and women . Thet both get equal opportunities
to rule their country. Slowly but surely the same is now
happening in Botswana . There are already some women who
participated and won the elections for example we have Hon
Peggy Serame as the minister of finance . However in Botswana
the number of men in politics is larger than the number of
women in politics due to the mindset that women do not have
the power to rule the country . This results in an imbalance of
men and women ruling the country.
EVALUATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF MINING TO THE ECONOMY
OF BOTSWANA
Source of employment . Batswana are hired in different levels in
the mining sectors. This enables thousands of Batswana to
become self sufficient. This helps reduce the financial strain or
burden on the government. As such a lot of money is saved
which will help in developing the country . However to be hired
in the mining sectors there are some qualifications needed
which most Batswana do not have thus remaining unemployed.
Creates revenue for the country. It is a source of income
through royalties and taxes . As more people are being hired in
the mining sectors , more tax is being extracted which is later
on used for other development projects in Botswana . However
some of the tax collected is not used to develop the country
rather the tax collectors normally use the money for their own
satisfactions leading to some parts of the country being
undeveloped .
EXAMINE HOW CORRUPTION UNDERMINES ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
Diverts investments .Investors are scared away by corrupt
practices since they fear that their money will not be used for
the right purpose which brings severe loss to them . As more
investors are scared away there would be less or no jobs
created . This in turn leads to the country having nothing which
it can use to creates revenue for itself which leads to poverty in
severe cases . However its not everywhere in Botswana where
corruption is practiced and as such when more investors invest
their money into the country they can maximise profits.This
leads to more improvements in the country which raises the
people's standards of living.

Re-location or shut down of industries . Corruption makes some

industries to collapse /shut down or relocate to corruption free
zones , because normally profits are used by corrupt people for
self-enrichment or to buy out some authorities for favouritism.
Demoralises workforce.It demoralises the employees because
they may not be given benefits such as salary increment.Also
unsatisfied
EVALUATE WAYS OF FACILITATING FOR PEACE AND
HAARMONY AMONG THE CULTURl, POLITICAL,SPIRITUAL AND
ETHNIC GROUPS IN A DEMOCRATIC STATE LIKE BOTSWANA
CULTURAL GROUPS
Cultural groups inviting other tribes for annual
festivals;different tribes usually host cultural festivals for
example Bakalaka their festival called Domboshaba and its held
annually in the North East part of Botswana,Bakwena,theirs is
called Dithubaruba,it is held in Molepolole annually .during
these festivals different cultures will meet to share their culture
through m jusic and dance, they will also share traditional food
from different ethnic groups invited .this cultivates peace and
harmony as people would learn to accept other group's
culturakl practices.However there are still elements of tribalism
as depicted by those ethnic groups despite the efforts made to
bring people together,this leads to continued conflicts between
different cultural groups.
cultural groups may organise cultural workshops and
seminars;cultural groupsmaay organise workshops where they
will share knowledge ,opinions and views concerning different
issues that affect the society e.g workshops where people will
bw taught about the dangers of tribalism and how they can
curb such issues .this will lead to peace and stability within the
nation.However there are some citizens who are ignorant
that ,even after being taught about this issues they will
continue to engage in them , this leads to disruption of peace
within the society.
POLITICAL GROUPS
Political parties organise seminars and workshops.They organise
workshops to discuss political and economic issues .They teach
people about political issues like voter apathy,economic issues
like inflation .People are taught about how to deal with these
issues and thus they are aable to curb them bringing peace and
harmony in the whole nation .However a lot of people do not
attend these political workshops and seminars as they do not
have interest in them,this leads to lack of knowledge on these
issues.
Opposition parties oppose abuse of power by ruling
party;opposition parties are the watchdogs of the public .They
make people aware of the wrong doings of the ruling party.This
may promote transparency thus leading to peace and stability
as the ruling party will do things that are acceptable as they
know that opposition parties are watching their steps.However
oppositions parties may lack resources to lobby for support
throughout the country,this may lead to people loosing hope in
them.
SPIRITUAL GROUPS
Attend others churches open conferences;churches may invite
other churches for conferences .This is where they will share
the word of God and help each other on their spiritual
journey.Unity amongst believers thus leading to peace.However
sometimes this may bring religious intolerance especially when
they don't believe or agree with the practices of other spiritual
groups.This may lead to disruption of peace within the society.
Organising workshops and seminars;they organise workshops
and invite other churches to discuss national issues such as
passion killings,prostitution etc.People will fully be equipped
about the dangers of these social ills thus avoiding them as they
know their consequences.Those who have been affected by
such isssues will be able to deal with them positively.However
sometimes people fail to put what they have learnt into practice
thus repeating the same issues that they were taught to avoid.
ETHNIC GROUPS
Attend other tribes cultural festivals /activities;different tribes
usually host cultural festivals for example Bakalaka their festival
is called Domboshaba and its held annually in the North East
part of Botswana,Bakwena,theirs is called Dithubaruba,it is held
in Molepolole annually .during these festivals different cultures
will meet to share their culture through music and dance, they
will also share traditional food from different ethnic groups
invited .this cultivates peace and harmony as people would
learn to accept other group's culturakl practices.However there
are still elements of tribalism as depicted by those ethnic
groups despite the efforts made to bring people together,this
leads to continued conflicts between different cultural groups.
Allowing intermarriages across ethnic groups .Intermarriages
involves marrying across different ethnic groups ee.g Mokalaka
marrying a Motswapong.These people may share ideas and
knowledge thus leading to peace and harmony within the
society as couples learn to appreciate and accept other people's
cultures.However this may lead to escalation of tribalism
issues,where people will be considering other ethnic groups as
minor thus disintergrating the nation rather than building it.
EVALUATE THE ROLE OF THE STATE TO ITS CITIZENS
To protect human rights e.g the government protects huma
rights like the right to life .He does this by punishing those who
take away other people's rights (murders).However there is
capital punishment in Botswana which clearly indicates that
sometimes Botswana violates people' s rights.
Provision of social faacilities e.g health services.The
governnment has built clinics ,hospitals and schools around the
contry.This ensures good health for the citizens .However
sometimes there is shortage of nurses and doctors which leads
to poor service delivery.