Kerja Bi Daniel - Penyu

The hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)
The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)

The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles,[3] are reptiles of the
order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are
the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and olive ridley sea
turtles.[4] All of the seven species listed above, except for the flatback, are present in US
waters, and are listed as endangered and/or threatened under the Endangered Species Act.[5]
The flatback itself exists in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia.[5] Sea
turtles can be categorized as hard-shelled (cheloniid) or leathery-shelled (dermochelyid).[6] The
only dermochelyid species of sea turtle is the leatherback.[6]
The hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is a critically endangered sea turtle belonging
to the family Cheloniidae. It is the only extant species in the genus Eretmochelys. The species
has a global distribution that is largely limited to tropical and subtropical marine and estuary
ecosystems.
The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), also known as the green turtle, black (sea) turtle or
Pacific green turtle,[4] is a species of large sea turtle of the family Cheloniidae. It is the only
species in the genus Chelonia.[5] Its range extends throughout tropical and subtropical seas
around the world, with two distinct populations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but it is also
found in the Indian Ocean.[6][7] The common name refers to the usually green fat found
beneath its carapace, not to the color of its carapace, which is olive to black.
The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is a species of oceanic turtle distributed throughout
the world. It is a marine reptile, belonging to the family Cheloniidae. The average loggerhead
measures around 90 cm (35 in) in carapace length when fully grown. The adult loggerhead sea
turtle weighs approximately 135 kg (298 lb), with the largest specimens weighing in at more
than 450 kg (1,000 lb). The skin ranges from yellow to brown in color, and the shell is typically
reddish brown. No external differences in sex are seen until the turtle becomes an adult, the
most obvious difference being the adult males have thicker tails and shorter plastrons (lower
shells) than the females.
The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), sometimes called the lute turtle, leathery
turtle or simply the luth, is the largest of all living turtles and the heaviest non-crocodilian reptile,
reaching lengths of up to 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) and weights of 500 kilograms (1,100 lb).[5][6] It
is the only living species in the genus Dermochelys and family Dermochelyidae. It can easily be
differentiated from other modern sea turtles by its lack of a bony shell; instead, its carapace is
covered by oily flesh and flexible, leather-like skin, for which it is named.[7]
All turtle species are threatened with extinction due to experiencing many natural and human
threats throughout their lives. Every year, the population of turtles that come ashore to lay their
eggs is decreasing. The IUCN places this animal as an endangered species. Among the threats
facing turtles is the illegal hunting of their meat and eggs, especially in China, the Philippines,
India, Indonesia and some countries in the Americas. It is estimated that 35,000 sea turtles are
killed a year in Mexico and Nicaragua, so conservationists in Mexico and the United States
launched the "Don't Eat Sea Turtle" campaign to reduce the trade in these animal products.[13]
Debris littering the sea is the biggest threat to turtles, especially plastic debris and fishing nets
that turtles mistake for jellyfish, or food. The fragments that are eaten will get stuck in the
stomach when eaten which will cause the death of this animal.
The Department of Fisheries Malaysia has implemented, supervised and managed various
conservation programs in Malaysia since 1990 until now. Among the turtles identified as landing
in Malaysian waters are the loggerhead turtle, green turtle, leatherback turtle and cockroach
turtle. These turtles are fully protected by state acts and enactments.[14] In addition, the Sabah
state government has also gazetted a marine park, the Turtle Island Marine Park (TPPP) which
includes Selingan, Bakkungan Kecil and Gulisaan as a turtle landing and breeding area since
1979. To date, as many as 16 million baby turtles have been released into the sea through the
conservation program carried out. In fact, Malaysia was also involved in signing Memorandums
of Understanding in 1966, 1997 and 2011[16] with ASEAN countries and other countries in the
Asian region to overcome the problem of turtle population threats at the global level. As an effort
to educate and appreciate the conservation efforts of these species, illustrations of two turtles
that are usually found in Malaysian waters, the loggerhead turtle and the leatherback turtle, are
displayed on the RM20 banknote.[17]

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The hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)

The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)

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