Module-CHAPTER 6 Freshwater New

CHAPTER 6
FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT
Objectives:
1. Infer how water is distributed on the planet?
2. What are the sources and uses of fresh water?
3. How is water treated as a resource?

Companies that supply water in NCR:
• 1.Maynilad Water Services, Inc.
- it is responsible for supplying water to the West Zone of M.M. and some towns in Cavite
• 2.Manila Water Company, Inc.
- it is responsible for supplying water to the East Zone of M.M.
The Treatment Process
1.Coagulation/Flocculation Process
2.Sedimentation Process
3.Filtration Process
4.Disinfection
FRESHWATER
• is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water
• includes water in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams,
and even underground water called groundwater
• defined as having a low salt concentration — usually less than 1%
• is not the same as potable water (or drinking water)
• Only 3% of all water on Earth is freshwater
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
• are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems
• include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams, springs, bogs, and wetlands
• can be divided into lentic ecosystems (still water) and lotic ecosystems (flowing water)
2 main types of Freshwater Environment
1. Lentic (Static Water ) - possess no exit for the water to flow out. Lentic systems, therefore, are
closed systems. Small puddles, ponds and lakes are familiar examples of such systems.
2. . Lotic (Flowing water)- are those systems which contain flowing waters. The mass of water in
these systems is in a state of perpetual motion. Streams and rivers are familiar examples of such
systems.
3. Sources of Freshwater:
1. Surface waters
1. Rivers
2. Pond
3. Lake
2. Ground Water
3. Desalination as a water Source

Why Freshwater Matter?
Economic uses
Recreational uses
Aesthetic values
Cultural values
Educational uses
Scientific values
Ecological values
What's at stake?
• 780 million people lack access to clean water and 2.5 billion lack adequate sanitation services;
most of these people live in the poorest countries.
• An estimated 80% of people without access to an adequate drinking water source live in sub-
Saharan Africa, Eastern Asia and Southern Asia.
• About 1.5 million deaths each year are caused by diarrhea.
• It has been estimated that every individual needs between 20 to 50 litres of water free from
harmful contaminants each and every day.
• Sanitation coverage in developing countries is only half that of the developed world (49% as
compared to 98%).
• Agriculture claims 70% of all the freshwater used by humans - with rice, cotton and sugar among
the thirstiest crops of all.
• By the year 2025, 48 countries will be affected by water stress or scarcity - affecting around 35%
of the projected global population in that year.
What are we losing?
• Freshwater species declined 76% between 1970 and 2010, representing a sharper decline than
that measured in either terrestrial or marine biomes.
• Since 1900, more than 50% of types of wetlands have disappeared.
• In many parts of the world, 30 to 40% of our fresh water goes unaccounted for due to water
leakages in pipes and canals and illegal tapping.
Fresh Water Pollution
..Is the contamination of inland water with substances that make it unfit for its natural or intended
use. Pollution may be caused by fecal waste, chemicals, pesticides, petroleum, sediment, or even heated
discharges.
2 types of Freshwater Pollution
1. Point source- water pollution refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from a single,
identifiable source, such as a pipe or ditch. Examples of sources in this category include
discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain.
2. . Nonpoint source-
pollution refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source. This
type of pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a
large area. A common example is the leaching out of nitrogen compounds from fertilized agricultural
lands.
Fresh water pollution can be categorized into:

⮚ 1.Surface Water Pollution
- When the pollutant enters a lake, pond, or river.
⮚ 2.Ground-Water Pollution
- Occurs when pollutants are released to the ground and make their way down into
groundwater.
Environmental problems due to freshwater pollution:
⮚ Domestic waste water and sewage
⮚ Industrial wastes
⮚ Agricultural wastes
⮚ Physical pollutants
SOLUTIONS
❖ Enforce Existing Laws
❖ Stop Nutrient and Pesticide Pollution
❖ Drive Less
❖ Use Green Household and Personal Care Products
❖ Technologies to remove contaminants (e.g air stripping, granular activated carbon, and
advanced oxidation.)
❖ Use Less Plastic & Don't Litter
End…..

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CHAPTER 6

1. Infer how water is distributed on the planet?

2. What are the sources and uses of fresh water?

3. How is water treated as a resource?

• 1.Maynilad Water Services, Inc.

• 2.Manila Water Company, Inc.

- it is responsible for supplying water to the East Zone of M.M.

The Treatment Process

• is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water

• defined as having a low salt concentration — usually less than 1%

• is not the same as potable water (or drinking water)

• Only 3% of all water on Earth is freshwater

• are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems

2 main types of Freshwater Environment

3. Desalination as a water Source

• About 1.5 million deaths each year are caused by diarrhea.

What are we losing?

• Since 1900, more than 50% of types of wetlands have disappeared.

Fresh Water Pollution

2 types of Freshwater Pollution

Fresh water pollution can be categorized into:

❖ Enforce Existing Laws

❖ Stop Nutrient and Pesticide Pollution

❖ Use Green Household and Personal Care Products

❖ Use Less Plastic & Don't Litter

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