The document discusses photosynthesis and how plants obtain nutrients. It defines photosynthesis as the process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts in plant cells are responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll and molecules to convert sunlight into glucose and oxygen. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil as crude sap, which is transported through the xylem to the leaves. Leaves take in carbon dioxide through stomata, which are openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange. The organic molecules produced by photosynthesis form elaborated sap, which is transported through the phloem to cells for use as nutrition and energy for growth and development.
The document discusses photosynthesis and how plants obtain nutrients. It defines photosynthesis as the process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts in plant cells are responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll and molecules to convert sunlight into glucose and oxygen. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil as crude sap, which is transported through the xylem to the leaves. Leaves take in carbon dioxide through stomata, which are openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange. The organic molecules produced by photosynthesis form elaborated sap, which is transported through the phloem to cells for use as nutrition and energy for growth and development.
The document discusses photosynthesis and how plants obtain nutrients. It defines photosynthesis as the process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts in plant cells are responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll and molecules to convert sunlight into glucose and oxygen. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil as crude sap, which is transported through the xylem to the leaves. Leaves take in carbon dioxide through stomata, which are openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange. The organic molecules produced by photosynthesis form elaborated sap, which is transported through the phloem to cells for use as nutrition and energy for growth and development.
The document discusses photosynthesis and how plants obtain nutrients. It defines photosynthesis as the process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts in plant cells are responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll and molecules to convert sunlight into glucose and oxygen. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil as crude sap, which is transported through the xylem to the leaves. Leaves take in carbon dioxide through stomata, which are openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange. The organic molecules produced by photosynthesis form elaborated sap, which is transported through the phloem to cells for use as nutrition and energy for growth and development.
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Chapter 1: Autotrophy &
Photosynthesis Activity 1-4: Photosynthesis:
Definition: It is the process in which plants use sunlight (chlorophyll), carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and release oxygen as a byproduct. This process occurs in the presence of light.
Special Conditions: - Sunlight - Chlorophyll - Carbon Dioxide
Under certain conditions, the chlorophyllic plants produce their proper organic materials especially starch.
IF ONE OF THEM ARE MISSING THEY CAN’T UNDERGO
PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
The Chloroplast: Site of Photosynthesis:
Definition: Chloroplasts are specialized structures found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight, and other molecules necessary for the process of converting sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
Structure:
- Chloroplasts are present in chlorophyllic cells.
- While in non-chlorophyllic cells we can’t observe chloroplast. - The other cellular structures are common to all plant cells that can be easily observed. In chloroplast:
Starch is made up of glucose-glucose, formula is C6 H22 O6
Chapter 2: Plant Supply with Raw Material Activity 1-4:
How it helps: The permanents supply of nutritive substances of chlorophyllic plants exposed to light favors their growth and proper functioning.
Absorption by Roots:
- Certain Forest trees (pine, oak…) grow in association with fungi forming mycorrhizae.
- Water and mineral ions obtained from the soil form the crude sap.
Conduction of Crude Sap:
- The crude sap (water and minerals) moves transversally from cell to cell starting from the absorbing hairs to the conducting vessels.
- Crude sap moves in the XYLEM vessels from the roots to the leaves.
- The upward movement of crude sap is favored by: ROOT PRESSURE which is an upward pressure exerted by the root.
- TRANSPIRATION of leaves which is the evaporation of water through the leaf causes the pull of the crude sap up the stem.
Absorption of Carbon Dioxide:
- The STOMATA ensure the exchange of gases between the plants and the air.
- Each Stomata is made up of 2 guard cells containing chloroplasts and having an
opening between them called THE STOMATAL OPENING OR PORE.
- The stomata is connected to the SUBSTOMATAL CHAMBER through which gases
are exchanged with the atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and Water Vapor. Chapter 2: The Use of Photosynthetic Products Activity 1-3:
The Use of Photosynthetic Products:
- The organic molecules that are produced by photosynthesis forms a viscous
solution called the elaborated sap.
- The elaborated sap is translocated in the vascular chlorophyllic plans by the
phloem.
Translocation of the Elaborated Sap:
- Together the sieved elements and the companion cells form the PHOLEM.
The use of the Synthesized Substances:
- The organic materials ensure the nutrition of the both chlorophyllic and non chlorophyllic cells.
- The materials in reserve are later consumed to ensure the development of the plant.
- During germination, for example the reserves in the seed maintain the metabolism of the embryo and its development into an autotrophic plant.
