Aulene Kaith D.

Penaflor

G11- Gregorio Zara

General Biology 2: Regulation of body fluids

ACTIVITY 1:

1. Which process is primarily involved in the control and maintenance of water and ion balance
in the body?
A. Respiration
B. Osmoregulation
C. Excretion
D. Nutrition

2. Which types of animals consume little or no energy in maintaining water balance?

A. Birds
B. Mammals
C. Marine vertebrates
D. Marine invertebrates

3. The following are true about uric acid as a form of nitrogenous waste except:
A. Excreted by birds and insects
B. Relatively non-toxic
C. Highly soluble in water
D. Energetically expensive to produce from ammonia

4. Protonephridia A. Cockroach
5. Metanephridia B. Flatworm
6. Malpighian tubules C. Earthworm

7. The part of the urinary system that serves to temporarily store urine:
A. Urinary bladder
B. Kidneys
C. Ureter
D. Urethra
 8. In each nephron of the kidney, the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule:
A. Filter the blood and capture the filtrate
B. Reabsorb water into the blood
C. Reabsorb salts and nutrients
D. Break down harmful toxins and poisons

9. The following components in the filtrate are reabsorbed back into the blood except:
A. Water
B. Glucose
C. Amino acids
D. Urea

10. The following are involved in the regulation of mammalian kidney function except:
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. Oxygen
D. Thirst center in hypothalamus

ACTIVITY 2:

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES PLANTS ANIMALS

- can reproduce through - Can reproduce asexually

REPRODUCTION AND vegetative reproduction or sexually from sex cells
DEVELOPMENT or through its flower. or gametes.

- Produce their own food - Consume other

NUTRITION through photosynthesis organisms or organic
or absorb dissolved matter for nutrients.
nutrients, parasitism, or
symbiosis.
- Plants take in carbon - Animals respire
GAS EXCHANGE dioxide and release aerobically to release
oxygen through tiny energy needed for
pores called “stromata”. cellular processes.
- Transport water, food - Through circulatory
TRANSPORT AND CIRCULATION and nutrients within the system and excretory
plant through vascular system.
tissues.
ACTIVITY 3: WORD SEARCH
ACTIVITY 4: LABEL ME!

ACTIVITY 5: THINK BEYOND THINKING

1. The regulation of body fluids is important in living organisms because

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.

2. In this module, I have learned that plants and animals are

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
3. I can explain the concepts of regulating body fluids in the mammalian excretory system.

First, I know that_________________________________________________

In addition, _______________________________________________________________

Finally, ___________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 6: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

1. List and describe the three main organs of the excretory system. Explain the function of each
part.
 Kidneys: remove urea, uric acid, ammonia, excess water.
 Lungs: removes carbon dioxide produced by the cells during cellular respiration.
 Skin (sweat glands): removes salt (sodium chloride), water, and traces of urea.

2. Describe what happens inside the filtering unit of the kidney

 Each nephron is made up of a very small filter called a glomerulus attached to a
tubule. Fluid and waste are filtered out as blood passes through the nephron. Much
of the fluid is then returned to the blood, while the waste products are concentrated
in any extra fluid as urine.
3. How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis in the body?
 The kidneys maintain homeostasis by filtering wastes from the blood and excreting
them from the body through urine.
4. Describe how guard cells regulate transpiration
 The guard cells prevent extreme water loss by controlling the opening and closing of
stromata which regulates transpiration.
5. Shortly after you drink a large glass of water, you will feel the urge to urinate. Explain this
observation. Begin by tracing the path of water, starting at the stomach, and ending with the
arrival of urine in the bladder.
 Esophagus-stomach-intestines-blood-liver-heart-blood-cells-blood-kidneys-bladder-
urinary tract. Your body feels the urge to urinate because over time your bladder fills
up and expands, putting tension on the bladder muscles and reach its limit which
urge you to urinate.
ACTIVITY 7: ASSESSMENT

______1. I. The skin, lungs, and kidneys are specialized to excrete wastes.

II. Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata.

______2. I. Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste for aquatic invertebrates, teleost, and larval
animals.

II. Osmo regulators keep the osmolarity of body fluids different from that of the
environment.

________3. I. Metabolism is the elimination of metabolic wastes including nitrogenous wastes

produced from the breakdown of proteins.

II. Diffusion is the movement of water from a region of higher osmolarity to a region of
lower osmolarity across a selectively permeable membrane.

________4. I. The functional units of the kidney where urine is formed.

II. Kidneys serve as specialized organs for osmoregulation and excretion.

________5. I. Receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus function in the kidney’s auto-regulation

system.

II. The renal cortex is the inner zone of the kidney consisting of blood vessels and nephrons.

________6. I. Examples of metabolic wastes are sucrose, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and excess
water.

II. Glomeruli are a fine network of capillaries that are found in each Bowman’s capsule.

________7. I. Metanephridia is the excretory tubule of most annelids and adult mollusks

. II. Malpighian tubules are excretory tubules of insects and other terrestrial arthropods.

_______8. I. Filtration is the phase in which blood pressure forces filtrate (water and small solutes)
out of the glomerular capillaries.

II. The volume of the blood flow affects the rate of filtration.

________9. I. Renin enhances the sodium reabsorption.

II. Aldosterone promotes water conservation.

________10. I. Filtrate or urine passes through the collecting ducts in each kidney that lead to the
ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

II. Lysosomes are specialized cytoplasmic organelle in many freshwater protists that expels
excess water out of the cell to prevent lysis.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY: ACTIVITY 8

1. Of the three processes – filtration, reabsorption, secretion – which is (are) accomplished by a

kidney dialysis machine? Explain any limitations of the device.

2. Why do high-protein diet supplements for increasing muscle mass or losing weight include
warnings stating that water intake must be increased when consuming the product?

3. Why do eating salty foods make you thirsty? Why do eating salty foods make you
temporarily gain weight?
AULENE KAITH D. PENAFLOR
G11- GREGORIO ZARA
REGULATIONS OF FLUID

ACTIVITY 5: THINK BEYOND THINKING

1. The regulation of body fluids is important in living organisms because

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.

2. In this module, I have learned that plants and animals are

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

3. I can explain the concepts of regulating body fluids in the mammalian excretory system.

First, I know that_________________________________________________

In addition, _______________________________________________________________

Finally, ___________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 6: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

6. List and describe the three main organs of the excretory system. Explain the function of each
part.
 Kidneys: remove urea, uric acid, ammonia, excess water.
 Lungs: removes carbon dioxide produced by the cells during cellular respiration.
 Skin (sweat glands): removes salt (sodium chloride), water, and traces of urea.

7. Describe what happens inside the filtering unit of the kidney

 Each nephron is made up of a very small filter called a glomerulus attached to a
tubule. Fluid and waste are filtered out as blood passes through the nephron. Much
of the fluid is then returned to the blood, while the waste products are concentrated
in any extra fluid as urine.

8. How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis in the body?

 The kidneys maintain homeostasis by filtering wastes from the blood and excreting
them from the body through urine.

9. Describe how guard cells regulate transpiration

 The guard cells prevent extreme water loss by controlling the opening and closing of
stromata which regulates transpiration.

10. Shortly after you drink a large glass of water, you will feel the urge to urinate. Explain this
observation. Begin by tracing the path of water, starting at the stomach, and ending with the
arrival of urine in the bladder.
 Esophagus-stomach-intestines-blood-liver-heart-blood-cells-blood-kidneys-bladder-
urinary tract. Your body feels the urge to urinate because over time your bladder fills
up and expands, putting tension on the bladder muscles and reach its limit which
urge you to urinate.
ACTIVITY 7: ASSESSMENT

______1. I. The skin, lungs, and kidneys are specialized to excrete wastes.

II. Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata.

______2. I. Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste for aquatic invertebrates, teleost, and larval
animals.

II. Osmo regulators keep the osmolarity of body fluids different from that of the
environment.

________3. I. Metabolism is the elimination of metabolic wastes including nitrogenous wastes

produced from the breakdown of proteins.

II. Diffusion is the movement of water from a region of higher osmolarity to a region of
lower osmolarity across a selectively permeable membrane.

________4. I. The functional units of the kidney where urine is formed.

II. Kidneys serve as specialized organs for osmoregulation and excretion.

________5. I. Receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus function in the kidney’s auto-regulation

system.

II. The renal cortex is the inner zone of the kidney consisting of blood vessels and nephrons.

________6. I. Examples of metabolic wastes are sucrose, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and excess
water.

II. Glomeruli are a fine network of capillaries that are found in each Bowman’s capsule.

________7. I. Metanephridia is the excretory tubule of most annelids and adult mollusks

. II. Malpighian tubules are excretory tubules of insects and other terrestrial arthropods.

_______8. I. Filtration is the phase in which blood pressure forces filtrate (water and small solutes)
out of the glomerular capillaries.

II. The volume of the blood flow affects the rate of filtration.

________9. I. Renin enhances the sodium reabsorption.

II. Aldosterone promotes water conservation.

________10. I. Filtrate or urine passes through the collecting ducts in each kidney that lead to the
ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

II. Lysosomes are specialized cytoplasmic organelle in many freshwater protists that expels
excess water out of the cell to prevent lysis.