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Anthropology Sociology

Answers the What does it mean to be human? How do we study society?


question.. Who are you? What are the things that you think
Where do you come from? influence your life?
What is life to people living in
places with different culture and
behavior?
Where did it Anthropology started as a Sociology emerged as an academic
started? science during the time of field right at the height of
exploration when European Industrial Revolution in Europe
countries started to colonize which mobilized the entire
what they considered as population in a way that had never
primitive societies where people been before in human history.
were believed to be savages and These era had brought great
barbaric. changes in the way people live in a
society.

Let it be clear that anthropology Sociology started as the study of


started as the study of non- European society by European
European people by European people (inward).
people (outward).
During that time, emerging
During their colonial encounter institutions arose and replaced the
with these people, Europeans old ones such as how science was
started to make a written taking over religion, when the
records about non-Europeans. reign of kings and queens fell
They focus on kinship, down, and when the era of
language, race, religion, cultural feudalism had ended. People saw
perceptions, and others. the importance of studying these
emerging institutions and how
they started and what impact they
could make to an individual and
the new society in general.
Who started Franz Boas –considered as the Auguste Comte – French
this field? father of modern American philosopher and mathematician.
anthropology. His study led to He coined the term sociology. He
the doctrine of “historical saw the need for a systematic
particularism,” where he stated science of studying society and in
that each society is considered dealing with the solution of its
as having a unique form of basic problems.
culture that cannot be
understood under an overall
definiton of general culture.
Concept Anthroplogy is the study of Sociology is the study of society,
people and their culture. patterns of social interactions, and
It uses a special research culture of everyday life. Unlike
method known as ethnography anthropology, the knowledge
in which antropologists are created by sociology is used to
required to live with their understand one’s own society.
subject of study for a long period Sociologists use qualitative
of time in order to make their research method in doing their
writings more reliable and studies.
credible.
Subjects of Biological anthropology refers to Anything in a society that
Inquiry the study of human origins influences people’s lives can be
(genetics, race, evolutions, subjects of inquiry, like different
fossils, primates). social phenomena, issues, and
Cultural anthropology is the problems.
study of living people (religion,
social system, language, Sociologists can also look into
clothing, foods, beliefs, things that influence life like
traditions, etc). family background, socio-
Linguistics is the study of economic status, ethnicity, social
language, its evolution, its classes, religion, gender, beliefs,
connection to other languages, traditions, norms, among others.
and others. Some fields are social
Archeology refers to the study of organization, social psychology,
dead culture (religion, social applied sociology, and human
system, language, how they ecology.
dress, foods, beliefs, traditions,
etc).

Goals The goals of anthropology are The goals of Sociology are the
the following: following:
- See the commonalities -Obtain possible theories and
among people (tradition, principles about society as well
language, kinship, etc). as various aspects of social life.
- Look at what makes us the - Study the nature of humanity to
same to understand more further examine our roles within
about human nature. a society.
- Discover what makes people - Appreciate that all things in
different from each other in society are interdependent.
order to understand and - Expose our minds to different
preserve diversity. perspectives in attaining truth.
- Produce new knowledge and
new theories about mankind
and behavior.
- Look at one’s own culture
more objectively.

After finding out the difference between anthropology and sociology, let us now
proceed with another discipline in social science that plays another important role in
our life.

Politics impacts our lives directly or indirectly, whether we are aware of its effects
or not. If there is a crime that took place, we call a police, and this scheme is part of
government. If there was a fire that occured, we call the fire department, and that’s also
a part of government. Military is government as well, let alone our civil liberty and our
rights which have influences on us daily. In school, you were asked to read by heart
the Constitution. When you are apprehended by an authority, you asked your violation
and insisted on your legal rights. Even inside your house, there are still set of rules that
are being enforced and followed. All these things are related to a field called Political
Science.
Description/Explanation
Origin - The study of political science was started by the ancient
Greeks.
- Aristotle on his book “Politics” stated that Man is a political
animal. It means that it is our nature to live in a society and
to have power over another.
Concepts - Political Science is the systematic study of government,
politics, and political power.
- It is often defined as who gets what, when, where and how.
Subjects of - political theory, philosopy and different political ideologies
Inquiry - public management
- human rights
- international relations and foreign policies
Goals - Make people a better citizens.
- Keep social order and harmony among different group of
people.
- Protect the rights of an individual.
- Avoid conflict and promote cooperation.

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