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    Drugs Used in Child Psychiatry (MHN)

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    fathima7910
    Clonidine is used to treat withdrawal symptoms from opioids, Tourette's disorder, hyperactive and aggressive behavior in children, and autism. It works by agonizing alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, which decreases the amount of neurotransmitters released and lowers sympathetic tone. The usual starting dose is 0.1 mg twice daily, up to 0.3 mg daily as needed. Side effects include dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and hypotension. Nurses monitor blood pressure and advise patients on oral hygiene.

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    Drugs Used in Child Psychiatry (MHN)

    Uploaded by

    fathima7910
    8 views2 pages
    Clonidine is used to treat withdrawal symptoms from opioids, Tourette's disorder, hyperactive and aggressive behavior in children, and autism. It works by agonizing alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, which decreases the amount of neurotransmitters released and lowers sympathetic tone. The usual starting dose is 0.1 mg twice daily, up to 0.3 mg daily as needed. Side effects include dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and hypotension. Nurses monitor blood pressure and advise patients on oral hygiene.

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    Drugs used in child psychiatry (MHN)

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    Clonidine is used to treat withdrawal symptoms from opioids, Tourette's disorder, hyperactive and aggressive behavior in children, and autism. It works by agonizing alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, which decreases the amount of neurotransmitters released and lowers sympathetic tone. The usual starting dose is 0.1 mg twice daily, up to 0.3 mg daily as needed. Side effects include dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and hypotension. Nurses monitor blood pressure and advise patients on oral hygiene.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    Drugs Used in Child Psychiatry (MHN)

    Uploaded by

    fathima7910
    Clonidine is used to treat withdrawal symptoms from opioids, Tourette's disorder, hyperactive and aggressive behavior in children, and autism. It works by agonizing alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, which decreases the amount of neurotransmitters released and lowers sympathetic tone. The usual starting dose is 0.1 mg twice daily, up to 0.3 mg daily as needed. Side effects include dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and hypotension. Nurses monitor blood pressure and advise patients on oral hygiene.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    DRUGS USED IN CHILD

    PSYCHIATRY
    Clonidine
    Indications
    Control of withdrawal symptoms from
    opioids
    OTourette's disorder
    Mavement disar deep
    Control of aggressive or hyperactive beh-
    avior in children
    Autism

    Mechanism of Action

    Alpha 2-adrenergicreceptoragonist
    The agonist effects ofclonidineon presynap-
    result in a
    tic alpha 2-adrenergic receptors
    decrease in the amount of neurotransmitter
    released from the presynaptic nerve

    terminals. This decrease serves, generally,


    to reset the sympathetic tone at a lower
    level and to decrease arousal.

    Dosage
    Usual starting dosage is 0.1 mg orally twice a
    day; the dosage can be raised by 0.3 mg day
    a

    to an appropriate level.
    Side Effects OKeep stimulilowand environment as quj.
    et as possible to discourage over stimul
    ymouth, dryness ofeyes,fatigue,irritability, ation.
    Sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiun8 nypo
    tension and constipation. O To decrease anorexia, the medication
    may be administered immediately after
    Nurse's Responsibility meals. The patient shold be weighed

    Monitor BP, the drug should be withheld if regularly (at least weekly) during hosp-
    Advise
    the patient becomes hypotensive. italization and at home while on therapy
    frequentmouth rinses and good oral hygiene with CNS stimulants, due to the potential
    for dry mouth. for anorexia/weight loss and temporary
    interruptions of growth and develop-
    Methylphenidate (Ritalin) ment.

    Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine and To prevent insomnia administer last dose


    pemoline are sympathomimetics. atleast 6 hours before bedtime.
    OIn children with behavioral disorders,
    Indications ADHD a drug 'holiday should be attempted
    Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder periodically under the direction of the
    Narcolepsy Seep cus0Role
    physician to determine effectiveness of the
    Depressive disorders medication and the need for continuation.
    Obesity OEnsure that parents are aware of the
    Mechanism of Action delayed effects of Ritalin. Therapeutic
    Sympathomimetics cause the stimulation of responsemay not be seen for 2-4 weeks;
    alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors directly the drug should not be discontinued for
    as agonists and indirectly by stimulating the lack of immediate results.
    releaseof dopamine and norepinephrine from Infornm parents that OTC (over-the-
    presynaptic terminals. Dextroamphetamine counter) medications should be avoided,
    nd methylphenidate are also inhibitors of while the child is on stimulant
    catecholamine reuptake, especially medication.
    dopamine
    reuptake and inhibitors of monoamino oxidase.
    Some OTC medications,
    particularly cold
    and hay fever
    The net result of these activities is believed
    to be
    preparations contain certain
    the stimulation of several brain sympathomimetic agents that could
    regions. compound the effects of the stimulant and
    Dosage Create drug interactions
    that may be toxicC
    Starting dose is 5-1O mg/day orally, to the child.
    daily dose is 80 mg/day. maximum
    O Ensure that
    parents are aware that the drug
    Side Effects should not be withdrawn
    Anorexia or dyspepsia, weight losS, slowed drawal should be abruptly. With-
    growth, dizziness, insomnia or gradual and under the
    nightmares, direction of the
    dysphoric mood, tics and psychosis. physician.
    Nurse's Responsibilities GERIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
    Assess mental statu_ for change in mood,
    level of activity, degree of Elderly are more sensitive to
    stimulation and drugs due to
    age-related changes in the brain.
    aggressiveness. These are
    Ensure that patient changes in the receptor
    is
    protected from neuronal death) and availability (due to
    injury. sensitivity and
    membrane properties. changes
    in neural
    Further

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