STM 002

STM 002: BASIC-CALCULUS
GRASPS Performance Task: Understanding Limits
Members:
Elumba, Josh
Escamillan, Antonia Ellana
Rendaje, Diane
Amparo, Alea
Bitoonon, Thalia Mae
Lastimoso, Avriel Kaye
Submitted to:
Dan Marlo Sabio
Date:
February 23, 2024

Introduction to Limits
In calculus, the concept of limits is fundamental to understanding the behavior of functions as they
approach a specific value. The limit is the value that a function (or sequence) approaches as the input (or
index) approaches some value.[1] Limits are essential to calculus and mathematical analysis, and are used
to define continuity, derivatives, and integrals.
In formulas, a limit of a function is usually written as: x→lim ¿

c=L ,
and is read as "the limit of f of x as x approaches c equals L". This means that the value of the
function f can be made arbitrarily close to L, by choosing x sufficiently close to c.
Limits are used in various real-world applications across different fields. Here are a few examples:
1. Physics: In physics, limits are used to describe the behavior of physical systems as they approach
certain conditions. For example, when studying the motion of an object, limits can be used to determine the
instantaneous velocity or acceleration of the object at a specific point in time.
2. Engineering: Engineers often use limits to analyze the stress and strain on materials. In structural
engineering, limits are used to calculate the maximum load a bridge can withstand before it collapses.
3. Economics: Limits are used in economics to analyze economic trends and behaviors. For instance, when
studying the growth rate of a population or the rate of return on an investment, limits play a crucial role in
determining the long-term outcomes.
4. Computer Science: Limits are used in computer science to analyze algorithms and data structures'
performance. When evaluating the efficiency of an algorithm, limits help determine its time complexity and
space complexity.
5. Medicine: Medical professionals use limits in healthcare applications such as determining the rate of
change of a patient's vital signs over time. Limits can help predict the progression of a disease or monitor
the effectiveness of a treatment.
These are just a few examples of how limits are applied in real-world scenarios across various disciplines.
Limits provide valuable insights and tools for analyzing and understanding complex systems and
phenomena.
sin π /2
Analyzing f(x)¿
x
 The limit of (sin(x)/2) / x as x approaches 0 is equal to 1/2. This can be shown using L'Hôpital's
Rule or by recognizing that sin(x)/x approaches 1 as x approaches 0. Therefore, (sin(x)/2) / x
approaches (1/2) * 1 = 1/2 as x approaches 0.
 There are several simplifications and factorization techniques commonly used to analyze limits,
some common simplifications and factorizations are
Algebraic simplifications: This involves simplifying the expression algebraically by combining like terms,
factoring out common factors, or applying algebraic manipulations such as expanding expressions using
identities like the difference of squares.
Rationalization: Rationalizing the expression involves removing radicals or complex fractions from the
expression to make it easier to evaluate the limit. This often involves multiplying the numerator and
denominator by a suitable conjugate to eliminate radicals or complex fractions.
Trigonometric identities: When dealing with trigonometric functions, applying trigonometric identities can
help simplify expressions. Common identities include the Pythagorean identities, sum and difference
identities, and double angle identities.
L'Hôpital's Rule: Particularly useful for limits involving indeterminate forms like 0/0 or ∞/∞. It involves taking
the derivative of the numerator and denominator separately and then reevaluating the limit. This process
can often simplify the expression and make it easier to evaluate the limit.
Substitution: Sometimes, substituting a value into the expression can help simplify it and make it easier to
evaluate the limit. This is particularly useful when dealing with limits involving trigonometric functions or
exponential functions.
Factorization: Factorizing the expression can help identify common factors that can be canceled out or
simplified. This technique is handy for polynomial expressions or rational functions, where factoring can
simplify the expression and make it easier to evaluate the limit.
 To determine if a function is continues at x=0,we need to check three conditions:
1. The function must be defined at x=0
2. The limit of the function as x approaches 0 must exist.
3. The limit as x approaches 0 must equal the value of the function at x=0.
Graphical Representation
Exploring the behavior of f(x) as x approaches 0.

Numerical Analysis
Table of value as f(x) as x approaches 0.
x approaches 0 from right x approaches 0 from left
x -0.01 -0.001 0 0.001 0.01

f(x) 1.995 1.9995 ? 2.0005 2.00499
f(x) approaches 2 f(x) approaches 2
Estimating the limit of f(x) at x=0

As we can see, as x approaches 0 from both sides, the values of f(x) approach 0 as well. This
suggest that the limit of f(x) as x approaches 0 is indeed 0.

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STM 002: BASIC-CALCULUS

GRASPS Performance Task: Understanding Limits

Escamillan, Antonia Ellana

Bitoonon, Thalia Mae

Lastimoso, Avriel Kaye

Dan Marlo Sabio

February 23, 2024

In formulas, a limit of a function is usually written as: x→lim ¿

 To determine if a function is continues at x=0,we need to check three conditions:

1. The function must be defined at x=0

2. The limit of the function as x approaches 0 must exist.

Exploring the behavior of f(x) as x approaches 0.

Table of value as f(x) as x approaches 0.

x approaches 0 from right x approaches 0 from left

x -0.01 -0.001 0 0.001 0.01

f(x) approaches 2 f(x) approaches 2

Estimating the limit of f(x) at x=0

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