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 1
Available online to ejournal.pnc.ac.id

Journal of Innovation Information Technology and Application

Journal Page is available to https://ejournal.pnc.ac.id/index.php/jinita

Developing Prototype Design of Smart Home System for IoT-

based Resource Automation

Retno Waluyo 1, Ika Romadoni Yunita 2 , Muhammad Nur Faiz 3

Faculty Computer Science, University Amikom Purwokerto, Banyumas, Indonesia
1,2
3
3 Rekayasa Keamanan Siber, Jurusan Komputer dan Bisnis, Politeknik Negeri Cilacap Jl. Dr. Soetomo No. 1 Sidakaya – Cilacap -
Jawa Tengah
4
email:1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article history:
Application of automation in smart homes gives safety and comfortable
Received 24 January 2020 living for the householder. It can minimize the energy and resource
7
Revised 30 April 2020 consumption. The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is recently used to
Accepted 2 December 2020
Available online xxx
unify all of the important features in smart homes. The aim of the research
is to make a prototype of IoT-based smart home that is featured by gas
safety, garden safety, door safety, automatic clothesline, parking assistant,
Keywords:
automatic lamp, energy saving with solar panel and home controller. The
IoT method uses a prototype to make a smart home. The result is a prototype
Prototype of IoT-based smart home with many features that is used to make
Smart home
Sistem
controlling and monitoring. Based on the result of testing, the parking
assistant can give a warning by buzzer and lamp. Gas safety can detect gas
leaks and give a warning by buzzer. Features of outdoor safety can detect
a moving object that is simulated as a thief detector. Controlling and
IEEE style in citing this monitoring can be utilized in smart homes and the solar panel can save the
article: [citation Heading]
Jinita and J. Jinita, "Article
energy on battery charger.
5
Title," Journal of Innovation
Information Technology and
Application, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-
10, 2022. [Fill citation heading]

1. INTRODUCTION (10 PT)

Technology of information and electronics develop rapidly and it can be utilized by humans to
create automatic tools which makes humans’ work easier [1] [2]. Automation can be applied to create a
smart home that can make the householder feel safe and comfortable. It also can minimize the use of
resources and energy [3] [4] [5]. The concept of smart home refers to the use of electronic devices that
serve digital services to the householder [6]. Smart homes have become one of the pillars in Uni Eropa to
do infestation for the strategy of energy saving [7]. In Indonesia, smart homes are still rarely created because
of its high cost and the difficulties of its setting [8].
The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) has recently been used to unify the important features in smart
homes. IoT enables devices to make connections and monitor remotely as long as they are connected to the
internet [9] [10]. Remote Relay and Light Dependent is implemented to control the use of lamps so that the
use of electrical power can be more efficient up to 53% [11] [12]. Microcontroller ESP32 that is connected
to a camera and MC-38 door magnetic switch that is based on IoT are used in the system of home safety

1
*) Corresponding Author: [email protected]
2
ISSN : 2715-9248 2

[13]. Microcontroller Arduino, temperature sensor, and modul relay can be controlled remotely using a
smartphone that is connected to the internet [14].
Previous research makes a safety for gas leaks using gas sensors MQ-2 and MQ-6 that can be
controlled using smartphones so that the warning is sent to the householder’s WhatsApp account when it
happens [15]. Another research delivers a smart room that is safe from the thief because it utilizes the
motion sensor PIR that can detect people who do not come from the door [16]. Then, there is a prototype
of an automatic door using RFID [17]. By testing, it can read ID from a maximum distance of 5 cm in 2 to
3 seconds. An automatic lamp with LDR and Ultrasonic sensor can be used to automatically turn on the
lamp in the garden [18] The LDR sensor is used to detect the day and night, while the ultrasonic sensor
functions as an automatic switch to turn on or turn off the lamp. Meanwhile, there is also an automatic
clothesline that is equipped with an LDR sensor, rain sensor, and humidity sensor [19]. When the clothes
are wet and the day is bright, the dynamo will push the line out of the room. Another research creates a
smart sensor using ultrasonic sensors to detect the distance so that it helps the driver when they want to
park the car and avoid them from collision [20]. When the car is 20 cm from an object behind, the buzzer
will produce sounds as a warning to the driver.
This research is aimed to create a prototype for smart home systems with the basis of IoT. It will be
upgraded by combining several features taken from the previous research. The features are gas safety,
garden safety, door safety, automatic clothesline, parking assistant, and automatic lamp. Solar panel and
home controller is also used to minimize the energy consumption. IoT is used to connect the internet-based
application to the householder in the aim of controlling and monitoring. The prototype will be applied to
houses with the type of 60. The miniature is made for trials.

2. METHOD
This research uses a prototype method to make a system of smart home that is equipped with an
android application as the controller and monitor. As a result, a sequence of panels will be made in the form
of a prototype. Hardware and software will be used to make the panel as seen on table 1.
Table 1. The needs of Hardware dan Software

Hardware Software
Microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560) Windows Operating System
Motion Sensor (HC-SR501) Fritzing 0.9.3
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) Arduino IDE 1.8.10
Gas Sensor (MQ-2) Android Studio 3.5.3
Rain Drops Sensor (YL-83) Mozilla Firefox
Light Sensor (Light Dependent Resistor / LDR)
Radio Frequency Identification (MFRC552)
Buzzer
Relay
DC Fan
Motor Servo
Trafic Light
Light Emition Diode (LED)
Liquid Crystal Dispal (LCD)
I2C
Modul Wifi NodeMCU ESP8286
Jumper Cable
Battery
Battery Connector
Solar Panel
PVC Boam Board
Power Bank

JINITA Vol. x, No. x, December 2019

DOI:
doi.org/10.35970/jinita.vxixx.xx
ISSN : 2715-9248 3

The scheme of chain devices to make a smart home is illustrated on the picture 1.

Picture 1. Scheme of device chain

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. The Prototype of Smart Home
A prototype of device chain for smart home is created by making a home miniature and device
chain as seen on scheme picture 1. A smart home is designed to house type 60 with the miniature of the
design as seen on picture 2.

Picture 2. Design of Home Miniature

The second step is making a prototype of a chain panel for a smart home according to the designed
scheme on picture 1. The result that has been implemented on miniature is seen on picture 3. While the
result of the chain that has been made is seen on picture 4.

Picture 3. Panel Chain of Home Miniature Picture 4. Scheme of Device Chain

JINITA Vol. x, No. x, December 2019

DOI:
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ISSN : 2715-9248 4

The researcher uses a microcontroller Arduino Mega 2560 as the center of the panel chain on a smart
home to gather the logic or instructions that has been made so that it can run all of the work. All of the
sensors relate to Arduino Mega 2560. The device is set using some codes so that the features can work as
expected. Features on smart home panel chains are safety including the kitchen safety, garden safety, and
door safety. The automatic features include an automatic clothesline, parking assistant, and automatic lamp
on the garden. The feature of energy saving includes solar panels and home control as seen on picture 5.

Picture 5. Features of smart home

3.2 Testing of Smart Home Prototypes

After a device chain has been successfully made, the features are tested as explained below.
3.2.1 Testing of Kitchen Safety
The testing of gas leaks is conducted four times. The sensor can detect the leaks directly and give a
warning displayed on the LCD and sound the buzzer. The warning will stop after six minutes until the gas
density in the room is reduced or has a score 100 and below. The result of testing is displayed on table 2.
Table 2. The result of Gas Leaks Testing

Gas Concentration/ second Test result LCD state Buzzer

Test
1 second 3 second 6 second
1 0 0 0 no gas safe No sound
2 700 300 40 contain gases warning Ringing
3 721 320 36 contain gases warning Ringing
4 653 240 22 contain gases warning Ringing

3.2.2 Testing of Garden Safety

The testing is conducted eight times by placing an object in the area of sensor detection and the motion
detector PIR with the different distance and time. The result of testing shows the motion sensor can detect
the object from 1 cm to 35 cm. The status on the application will be automatically updated based on the
situations. The result is presented on table 3.
Table 3. Testing Result of Garden Safety

Distance
Time Application
Trial of Buzzer
(second) Status
detection
1 1 cm 3 Ringing Sent
2 5 cm 2 Ringing Sent
3 10 cm 1 Ringing Sent
4 15 cm 3 Ringing Sent
5 20 cm 2 Ringing Sent
6 25 cm 1 Ringing Sent
7 30 cm 3 Ringing Sent
8 35 cm 2 Ringing Sent

JINITA Vol. x, No. x, December 2019

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ISSN : 2715-9248 5

3.2.3 Testing of Door Safety

Door safety using RFID scanner is tested by examining the RFID that is registered on smart home
systems. The door will open as seen on picture 6. The unregistered will not open the door as seen on picture
7.

Picture 6. Open Door Test Results Picture 7. Closed Door Test Results

3.2.4 Testing of Automatic Clothesline

Automatic device of the clothesline is the rain drop sensor YI-83. It can detect the drops of water.
LDR sensor is used to detect the light intensity. The two servo motors are used to drive the roof and the fan
will be the dryer when the rain is coming. The sensor of light intensity is tested for six times with a different
level of intensity to examine the response of the fan. The result of testing can be seen on table 4. It is
concluded that the fan and the roof will automatically close when the light is darkened below 10 lx.
Table 4. Testing Result of Light Intensity Sensor

Light
Trial Fan Roof Weather
Intensity
1 0 lx Turn on Close Dark cloud
2 10 lx Turn on Close Overcast
3 50 lx Turn off Open Cloudy
4 100 lx Turn off Open Bright
5 200 lx Turn off Open Bright
6 300 lx Turn off OPen Very Bright

When the sensor of YL-83 detects water drops, it will close the roof and the fan will turn on to dry it.
The roof will automatically open when the water drop is not detected and the light is bright enough. The
clothes will catch the sun rays and the fan will stop from its spinning to minimize the energy. The result is
seen on table 5.
Table 5. Testing Result of Water Drop Sensor

Trial Water Drop Fan Roof Weather

Sensor
1 Dry Turn off Turn off Bright
2 Wet Turn on Close Rain

3.2.5 Testing of Parking Assistant

Parking assistant is supported by an ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. The ultrasonic sensor will detect the
distance of the car while parking in the carport. The sensor will activate the lamp. If the distance between
car and wall is 6 cm to 10 cm, the green lamp will turn on. If the distance is 3 cm to 5 cm, the yellow lamp
will turn on. If the distance is 0 cm to 2 cm, the red lamp will turn on and the buzzer will produce sound.
The testing is executed five times by placing an object with a different distance. It is revealed that the
ultrasonic sensor will detect an object starting from 10 cm, but could not detect the object if it is 0 cm. The
buzzer will produce sounds and the red lamp will turn on. The result of testing is presented on table 6.
Table 6. Testing Result of Parking Assistant

Trial Distance Object Lamp Colour Buzzer

6
1 15 cm Not detected Turn off No sound
2 10 cm Detected Green No sound
3 5 cm Detected Yellow No sound
4 2 cm Detected Red Ringing
5 0 cm Not detected Turn off No sound

JINITA Vol. x, No. x, December 2019

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ISSN : 2715-9248 6

3.2.6 Testing of Automatic Lamp in the Garden

This system is designed to save energy by turning on the lamp when the sky is dark and turning off
the lamp when the sky is light. The testing is conducted four times with a different level of light intensity.
The result shows that the lamp can automatically turn on in the light intensity of =< 11 lx, that is dark. The
lamp will automatically turn off when the light intensity is above the 11 lx, that is light. The result of testing
is seen on table 7.
Table 7. Testing Result of Garden Automatic Lamp

Garden
Trial Light Intensity Description
Lamp
1 300 lx Turn off Light
2 230 lx Turn off Light
3 11 lx Turn on Dark
4 2 lx Turn on Dark

3.2.7 Testing of Solar Panel

This feature functions to save energy on smart homes by charging the battery using sun rays. There
are three solar panels in the size of 10cm square, 5 volt, 120 mA, and 1 watt. It is put on the top of the
prototype. The testing is conducted one day and the data is taken every two hours. The testing shows that
the electrical power is collected when it is stronger starting from 7 am to 1 pm and the power will be
weakened after the sun is set at 7 pm. The maximum power that can be saved within the battery is 116 mA
and can produce the power up to 0.9 watt. The testing is seen on table 8.
Table 8. Testing Result of Solar Panel

Strong
Duration Voltage Power
Time of Trial currents
of Trial V (volt) (Watt)
(mA)
1:00 60 0 0 0
3:00 60 0 0 0
5:00 60 0 0 0
7:00 60 2 40 0.2
9:00 60 2.9 66 0.4
11:00 60 4.7 97 0.6
13:00 60 5 116 0.9
15:00 60 4.6 92 0.5
17:00 60 2.1 53 0.3
19:00 60 0 0 0
21:00 60 0 0 0
23:00 60 0 0 0

3.2.8 Testing of Controller and Monitor

Controlling home by using an Android application can be conducted by installing My Smart Home
v.1. as seen on picture 8. It can turn on and turn off the lamp inside the house and open and close the gate.
It will be connected in real time to the firebase. The database will accept the input from the application and
save the data. Smart home will take the data from firebase and run the instruction as the input on the apps.

Picture 8. Application Display of My Smart Home v.1

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ISSN : 2715-9248 7

In this step, the features on an Android application that is connected to the smart home device is tested
to see the response time of control. The testing is conducted using WiFi with the speed of 10Mb/s. The
testing of control is displayed by table 4 and the testing of the monitor is displayed on table 5. The maximum
delay is 2 seconds. It is still reasonable due to the internet speed and the server.
Table 4. Testing Result of Application Controller

Time of response to smart Delay Server

No Control Button
home system (second) (second)
1 L. Kamar 1 1.3 1.3
2 L. Kamar 2 1.5 1.5
3 L. Kamar 3 1.1 1.1
4 L. Kamar Mandi 1.4 1.4
L. Ruang
5 1.2 1.2
keluarga
6 L. Ruang Makan 2 2
7 Gerbang 2 2

Table 5. Testing Result of Application Monitoring

No Sensor Detection from Time acceptance of data in Delay Server

Arduino mega Android Application (second) (second)
1 Sensor of Temperature and 2 2
Humidity
2 Sensor of Gas 2 2
3 Sensor of Motion 1 1

4. CONCLUSION (10 PT)

The testing shows that the combination of several features in smart homes based on IoT can be
implemented by considering the result of testing for each feature. Parking assistant can give a warning by
producing the sound from the buzzer. Green, yellow and red lamps become visual signs of the object
distance. gas safety can work well to detect the leaks and give a warning by buzzer. Garden safety can
detect the moving object as a thief detector. Android applications can be used to control and monitor the
smart home. Additional energy saving by the battery is produced by the solar panel. This research still uses
Arduino Mega 2560. Further research is suggested to develop the system. The use of microcontroller or
microprocessor using Raspberry.py or Nvidia Jetson Nano can be considered as the material of further
research.

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JINITA Vol. x, No. x, December 2019

DOI:
doi.org/10.35970/jinita.vxixx.xx
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