UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA CAWANGAN KELANTAN

KAMPUS KOTA BAHRU

PRINCIPLES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

(ENT530)

ARTICLE REVIEW

Potential of Digital Technologies in Academic

Entrepreneurship –

A Study

PRINCIPLES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (ENT530)

FACULTY & PROGRAMME : FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND

ADMINISTRATION (ISLAMIC BANKING)
SEMESTER : 3
NAME : SITI FATIMAH BINTI ABU BAKAR
GROUP : BA2493B
LECTURER : SIR MOHD ZAINURI BIN MUHAMMAD

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ACKMOWLEDGMENT

Alhamdulillah and thanked to Him for the allowance to us in completing the assignment
given. I want to express gratitude and indebtness towards all people who support me
especially my family. The task would not been completed without support extends and idea
from my friends and family. Thank you to my lecturer, Sir Mohd Zainuri bin Muhammad who
give good explanation towards this assignment so that I can complete this assignment easily.
I extremely grateful to him for providing such a nice support and guidance. Last but not least,
a word gratitude for those who are involved in helping us from the beginning until it was done
and hopefully with this encouragement, I had done the best for my article review in this subject
semester and get the best mark for this task.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE

TITLE PAGE 1

ANKNOWLEDGEMENT 2

TABLE OF CONTENT 3

1. INTRODUCTION 4

2. FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4-7

3. CONCLUSION 8

4. REFERENCES 9

5. APPENDICES 10-11

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 1. INTRODUCTION

This article is a review from the title Potential of Digital Technologies in academic
entrepreneurship- a study written by Gladys Yaa Saah Oppong, Saumya Singh and Fedric
Kujur. Entrepreneurship is the propensity of mind to take calculated risks with confidence to
achieve a pre-determined business or industrial objective. In substance, it is the risk-taking
ability of the individual broadly couples with correct decision-making. According to A. H. Cole,
entrepreneurship is a purposeful activity of an individuals or group of individuals undertaken
to initiate, maintain and aggrandize profits by production and distribution of associated goods
and services.

The author mentioned in this article that digital technologies have been instrumental in
transforming business and society globally and have drawn considerable attention from
scholars within the framework of the academic institution. With Digital Technologies,
entrepreneurs can develop new forms of entrepreneurial actions that move beyond the
traditional industry boundaries to include networks and ecosystems and accelerating the
evolution of new ventures.

The article from Gladys Yaa Saah Oppong, Saumya Singh and Fedric Kujur is about to identify
opportunities and challenges faced by academic entrepreneur’s start up. In this article also,
the author described the factors that influence the operation AES from social media
technologies opportunities and challenges and the Unified and TO models. This article goes
along with the title and the content which is the potential of Digital technologies in Academic
Entrepreneurship start up.

2. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Purpose
This paper aims to recognize opportunities and obstacles faced by the start-up of
academic entrepreneurs. The main theme more on digital technologies and
entrepreneurial startup as they face internal and external challenges in utilizing social
media technologies to commercialize their business.

New ideas
The authors acknowledge that the representation of social media technologies
such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram in the start-up of academic entrepreneurs
has made an enormous contribution to changes across the business sectors. A
relatively new idea of digital academic entrepreneurship (DAC) has been encouraged
by digital technologies. DAC is a socio-economic and technological phenomenon and
is used to change traditional forms of academic entrepreneurship with a focus on

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 exploiting emerging digital technology in specific ways. According to (Brooks, G.,
Heffner, 2014) social media renders activities with opportunities like competitive
knowledge and they are enhancing products, packaging and productive relationship
with customers.
The research explored the adoption and use by entrepreneurs and executives
of companies from Europe, Asia, America and Africa of emerging technology
platforms. Significant obstacles faced by these academic entrepreneurs vary from the
implementation of business concepts to marketing and others stressed the influence
and future challenges analysed by previous researchers. For example, in digital
technology, the ecosystem offers a platform for entrepreneurs and their businesses to
connect and widely share their goods and services with current and future customers.
However, researchers have established several obstacles, such as running the
organization using technology, regardless of this.
From this paper the author states that the results of this will encourage and
lead activities especially start-ups adopting unique digital technology platforms to
promote their business.

Methods

For this article, Potential of digital technologies in academic entrepreneurship-a study,

this study also included a prominent unified theory of acceptancy and use of
technology (UTAUT) and technology opportunism (TO) model and the use of mixed
methods fascinated me as the authors attempt to investigate the evolution of academic
entrepreneurship following study theories such as;

1. Social Media performance expectancy (SMPE)

2. Peers social influence (PSI)
3. Social media facilitating conditions (SMFC)
4. Technological opportunism (TO)
5. Actual level of social media usage (AES)

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Methodology

Participants

This research was conducted on a 23 academic entrepreneurs startup who were

chosen applying purposive sampling.

Study measure

This study followed a qualitative approach that compromises a semi-structured in-

depth interview with the start-up of academic entrepreneurs to find the biggest
challenge they facing by using social media platforms. A collection of questionnaires
consisting of close-ended questions consisting of a five-point Likert scale were given
to the respondent. The questionnaire included different criteria to evaluate the social
media challenges of the startup of the academic entrepreneur undergoing their initial
business process.

Finding from research

Under managerial challenges, a total of eight questions were asked regarding

managerial issues in a firm using social media. For example, MC2: “Difficult to measure
the impact and effectiveness of using social media” under this statement 52.2%
respondent have disagreed and 13% them strongly disagreed with this statement. It
implied that the majority of respondents perceive social media usage advantageous in
terms of measuring its impact and effectiveness in their business. Another example,
MC6: “Lack of managerial ideas and strategies to handle social media issues”, 73.9%
of respondent disagreed due to asserting managerial ideas and strategies to handle
social media issues is no more a challenge because they are very good at using it.

In Lack of access, a total of six question were asked regarding the lack of
access to the internet and other technological access. LA1” Lack of internet access”,
more than 70% of the respondents said internet access is not a challenge for them,
with 34.8% disagreeing and 30.4% strongly disagreeing. Another example under this
category, LA4: “Lack of personal experience accessing social media” in this statement
more than 70% of the respondent disagreed and said they are good at handling social
media. Hence, they did not consider it a challenge.

Under usage behaviour, respondent was asked about their usage of social
media applications in their business. The result for UB2: “I use social media application
regularly in my business” and UB3: “Most of my marketing is done through social media
applications” shows more than 70% of the respondent said that the social media are

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being used regularly for running their business and for marketing their goods and
services to a large audience.

Impression and Opinion

In my opinion, the article successfully delivered, spotted and figured out the
factors that influence the operation of Academic Entrepreneurship startup from social
media technologies opportunities and challenges. The main purpose of this article is
also been achieved and this will give a remarkable insight into what is the business
perspective of Academic Entrepreneurship startup go thru in digital technologies. I
could not agree any more that social media technologies have given these AES many
opportunities, such as using social media as the advanced and effective platforms to
reach customers all over the world, especially WhatsApp and Facebook. (Anna Karin
Olson, 2019) Digitalization is recognized as having potential for change and
development of small business, generating growth and making them more competitive
and innovative by adopting and integrating ICTs into business strategies and
processes. According to (Korinzia Toniolo, 2019), today, digitalization is rapidly
evolving everywhere in Europe, and in 2016, the Italian government approved a long-
term plan for the implementation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) in
order to promote development of the country through exploitation of Digital
technologies. This show how important is it digital technologies especially in
Entrepreneur world. Other than that, this is a good article as the authors touched an
issue that has been going along and especially during the outbreak of covid-19, many
small business owner and entrepreneur using social media as one of the platforms for
their business. Not only that, from this article there a lot of information that can be used
and obtained by entrepreneurs in the future regard to their business.

The strength of this paper is that the analysis provided a clearer understanding
of the real challenges and benefits of social media technology especially academic
entrepreneurial start-up experience plays a major role in terms of access to financial
resources, technology and strategies to develop more efficient and inclusive social
media technologies. The drawback of this article is that the selection of samples is
constrained by analysis. It is therefore proposed that this study can be further
examined quantitatively in various institutions in order to draw a certain conclusion with
more adequate reliability against generalization.

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the writers plan to make readers understand the variables

influencing the functioning of AES from the opportunities and challenges of social
media technologies. Based on this report the primary reasons for AES social media
technology problems are competition, face-to-face customer engagement and
confidence issues. AES, however, exercises every opportunity given to them by social
media technology such as getting access to the internet and other technologies that
help them communicate with their customers and others.

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References
Anna Karin Olson, I. (2019). Keeping up the pace os digitalization in small business-Women
entreprenuers' knowledge and use of social media. International Journal of Entreprenuerial
Behaviour & Research, 1-19.

Brooks, G., Heffner, A. H. (2014). A SWOT analysis of competitve knowledge from social media for a
small start-up business. Review of Business Information System, 23-33.

Gladys Yaa Saah Oppong, S. F. (2020). Potential of digital technologies in academic

entrepreneurship- a study. International Journal of Entreprenuerial Behaviour & Research, 1-
28.

Korinzia Toniolo, E. C. (2019). A grounded theory study for digital academic entrepreneurship.
Intenational Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 1-21.

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APPENDICES

Author/Year Research Variable/Framew Methodology Analysis / Result Conclusion Recommendati Comme

/Title Journal Objective ork on /academic & nt
Practise
To identify N= 23 Academic This research Promoting AES
Gladys Yaa opportunities and Entrepreneurs intends to activities using
Saah Oppong, challenges faced start-up understand the social media
Saumya Singh, by academic factors that technologies as
Fedric Kujur entrepreneurs/st -Social Media influence the market
art-up. performance operation of platforms,
expectancy AES from schemes
(SMPE) social media or programs
- Peers social technologies and policies for
influence (PSI) opportunities start-ups
- Social media and challenges should focus
facilitating and the Unified on enhancing
conditions and TO model. cybersecurity,
(SMFC) Based brand image
- Technological Academic and reputation
opportunism (TO) entrepreneurs and added-
- Actual level of hip value services.
social media 1465 It is also
usage (AES) on the findings essential for
attained, the policymakers
primary factors and
to AES social government
media initiative agents
technology to give
challenges are immense
competition, consideration
face -to-face to developing
interaction with academic
customers and entrepreneur
trust issues. start-ups to
Other reduce privacy
problems and security
explored in this issues, copying
study that are of website
partially in line business
with previous information and
findings are secure
technological technological
infrastructure e-payment
and cultural infrastructures.
and language For
issues.

However, AES development in

2019 exerts every AES,
opportunity however,
social media Indian policies
technologies must ruminate
providing to the subject of
them, having digital
access to the platforms
internet and online and
other offline
technologies connection as
are benefiting a severe issue
them to that requires
connect to special
their attention. Also,
customers and the
others. Government of
Moreover, they India
equip should create a
themselves to culture of
handle social academic
media issues entrepreneursh
because they ip among
have students and
orchestrated institutions,
their lectures rather
and work than endorsing
experience to more of job
make placements for
students

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 sustainable
incomes
Potential of -Qualitative
digital approach
technologies in that
Academic compromise
Entrepreneurshi a semi
p- a study structured in
dept
interview.
- A collection
of
questionnair
es consisting
of close-
ended
questions
consisting of
a five-point
Likert scale
were given
to the
respondent.
The
questionnair
e included
different
criteria to
evaluate the
social media
challenges of
the start-up
of the
academic
entrepreneu
r undergoing
their initial
business
process.

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