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    The document discusses the structural components of airplanes and the loads they must withstand. It describes two main classes of loads - ground loads encountered during taxi, landing, and transportation and air loads imposed during flight maneuvers and gusts. Within air loads it further divides loads into surface forces like aerodynamic pressure and body forces from gravity and inertia. The types of loads induced on different structural components like wings, fuselages, and tails are discussed.

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    The document discusses the structural components of airplanes and the loads they must withstand. It describes two main classes of loads - ground loads encountered during taxi, landing, and transportation and air loads imposed during flight maneuvers and gusts. Within air loads it further divides loads into surface forces like aerodynamic pressure and body forces from gravity and inertia. The types of loads induced on different structural components like wings, fuselages, and tails are discussed.

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    The document discusses the structural components of airplanes and the loads they must withstand. It describes two main classes of loads - ground loads encountered during taxi, landing, and transportation and air loads imposed during flight maneuvers and gusts. Within air loads it further divides loads into surface forces like aerodynamic pressure and body forces from gravity and inertia. The types of loads induced on different structural components like wings, fuselages, and tails are discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    5

    Uploaded by

    Fluux
    The document discusses the structural components of airplanes and the loads they must withstand. It describes two main classes of loads - ground loads encountered during taxi, landing, and transportation and air loads imposed during flight maneuvers and gusts. Within air loads it further divides loads into surface forces like aerodynamic pressure and body forces from gravity and inertia. The types of loads induced on different structural components like wings, fuselages, and tails are discussed.

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    Chapter 9 Structural components of airplane

    1. Introduction
    Aircraft are generally built up from the basic components of wings, fuselages,
    tail units and control surfaces too. There are variations in particular aircraft, for
    example, a delta wing aircraft would not necessarily possess a horizontal tail
    although this is present in a canard configuration such as that of the Eurofighter
    (Typhoon). Each component has one or more specific functions and must be
    designed to ensure that it can carry out these functions safely. In the present
    we shall describe the various loads to which aircraft components are subjected,
    their function, the fabrication and also the design of connections will be
    discussed later.

    2. Loads on structural components

    The structure of an aircraft is required to support two distinct classes of load:


    the first, termed ground loads, includes all loads encountered by the aircraft
    during movement or transportation on the ground such as taxiing and landing
    loads, towing and hoisting loads; while the second, air loads, comprises loads
    imposed on the structure during flight by manoeuvres and gusts. In addition,
    aircraft designed for a particular role encounter loads peculiar to their sphere of
    operation. Carrier born aircraft, for instance, are subjected to catapult take-off
    and arrested landing loads: most large civil and practically all military aircraft
    have pressurized cabins for high altitude flying; amphibious aircraft must be
    capable of landing on water and aircraft designed to fly at high speed at low
    altitude, e.g. the Tornado, require a structure of above average strength to
    withstand the effects of flight in extremely turbulent air.

    1
    3. Types of different forces
    The two classes of loads may be further divided into surface forces which
    act upon the surface of the structure, e.g. aerodynamic and hydrostatic
    pressure, and body forces which act over the volume of the structure and are
    produced by gravitational and inertial effects. Calculation of the distribution of
    aerodynamic pressure over the various surfaces of an aircraft’s structure is
    presented in numerous texts on aerodynamics and will therefore not be
    attempted here. We shall, however, discuss the types of load induced by these
    various effects and their action on the different structural components.

    Figure 1 Principal Aerodynamic Forces in Flight

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