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Impact of Government Schemes on Women Empowerment in India

Mr. Satya Prakash
Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur,
Chhattisgarh

Abstract
India’s economy is the fastest growing economy in this world but apart from being a
developing economy, major portions of population of this country are women, remained unfocused since
independence. Status of women in this country is not so good because of lack of education, problems in
starting their own business, safety issues, earlier marriage and so on. The aim/objective of this paper is
to known the impact of schemes on the development of women in India. These schemes are like Swa-
Shakti, Swayam Siddha, Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women, Mahila-e-Haat,
One Stop Center Scheme, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Working Women Hostel, Swadhar Greh, Ujjawala,
Priyadarshini. These schemes were introduced since 1990 and are still in continuance. Amongst these
few of them are successful, few of them are unsuccessful and handful of them is below average in
performance. These policies performance are not so good but not so bad and they are basically targeted
for five year plan. For this purpose schemes are categorized in three phases viz. 1990-2000, 2001-2010,
2011-2021 and it was found that 1st and 3rd phase are performing very well up to mark and are playing
their role efficiently and having good outcomes.
Keywords : Economy, Employment, Efficiently.

Introduction
In our country the necessity of women empowerment and improve the condition of
them arose because of the discrimination in gender and male domination in our country’s
society since ancient time. Women are suppressed by their society and family members for
many reasons. They have been targeted and facing many types of discriminatory and violence
by the male members in the family and society in our country. From the well-developed
customs and traditions wrong and old practices for the women in the society are taken from
ancient time. There is a tradition of worshipping many female goddesses and giving honor to
the women forms in the society like mother, sister, daughter, wife etc. But, only respecting and
honoring women does not mean that women can fulfill the need of country that is developing. It
needs that rest of the population become empower and contribute their effort in every walk of
life. In the time of ancient Indian society, there was a many ill logical custom like sati pratha,
dowry system, domestic violence, sexual violence, wife burning, pardapratha, sexual
harassment at work place, child marriage, child labour, etc. including other discriminatory
practices are exist. All such type of ill practices are exists because of male dominating and
superiority complex and patriarchal systems are exists in the society. Our first Prime Minister
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said that “To awaken the people, it is the women who must be
awakened. Once it moves, the family automatically moves, the village moves, towards them the
nation moves”. In our country, if want to empower the women, we have to kill all the demons
who are killing women’s rights and values in the society such as, illiteracy, sexual harassment,
inequality, and domestic violence against women, rape, and many other issues. Gender
discrimination is playing the main role in pushing back the cultural, economic and educational
level of the country.
The most effective solution to kill such devils is to making women self-dependent and
empowered by Ensuring and providing the right of equality. Giving priority to the gender
equality facilitates women empowerment in all over the country and by this gets the high level
of goal to achieve by them. It should be promoted by itself or any organized body from the

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Childhood in each and every family. It needs because women want to become physically,
mentally and socially stronger. Since the better education can be provided at home from
childhood, it helps in the upliftment in the status of women and over’s all development of
the nation itself. Still there is a trend in many backwards areas early marriage and childbirth
because of the poverty, insecurity and illiteracy of the parents. In order to empower women,
various necessary steps have been taken by the government to prevent violence, gender
discrimination social separation and abuse against women. In 108th Constitutional Amendment
Bill which is also called Women’s Reservation Bill were passed to secure 1/3rd of the seats for
women to make their actively involved in every area. In the backwards areas there is need of
various campaigns make them to know about the real values of women and all those facilities
which are provided by the government for bright their future. They also need survival and
proper education of female child to really bring wants to become women empowerment comes
true. Women empowerment and improve in their status is a way to take a high speed in our
country to equalize the value of both genders. Uplifting of women status in all means should be
the priority of the nation. At that time it needs to fulfill the gap between inequalities of men and
women in the society, due to this It generates lots of problems which become a big obstruction
in the pathof overall development of nation. To really bring empowerment, it is a responsibility
of every woman who wants to become entrepreneur, needs to be aware about their rights at
their own end. Now the time has come to take positive steps and make involvement of them in
every activity instead of only involving in the household chores and family responsibilities.
They should have to know about all the activities happenings in their surroundings as well as in
country also. Women empowerment has the power to change many things in the society and
country and they are much better than men to handle critical situations and critical problems in
their society. Women are handling financial/economic situation of the family and country in a
better way than men. If the condition of women improves, it can be possible to change into
equally dominated country instead of the male dominated country like rich economy.
Empowering women makes easy to grow every member of their family without any extra
income and effort. A woman is mainly responsible and knows each any everything and every
activities of their family so she can better to understand and solve all the problems from her
knowledge at her own end. Women empowerment can be considered as a better treatment of
any small and big problems related to human being, economy, society and environment. If we
are talking about last few years’ reports, the advantages of the women empowerment are
coming out in the front of us. Women are now become more conscious about their education,
health, job, career, and handling their responsibilities towards family, society and country.
Today’s time women’s taking part and moving forward in participating every type of activities.
They are taking part in the every area and showing their great effort interest in each field.
Finally, after long years of hard struggle they are getting their rights to go ahead on the right
track in this way.
The Central Government of India and Ministry of Child and Women Development
started so many Schemes in the favour of women so they become empower and easily doing
any work by this they become self-reliant.
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Pradhan Mantri Matra Vandana Yojana, Scheme for
Adolence Girls, Pradhan Mantri Mahila Shakti Kendra Scheme, National Crèche Scheme,
Rastriya Mahila Kosh, Swadhar Greh, Ujjawala, Working Women Hostel, Scheme for One
Stop Center, Gender Budgeting Scheme, Integrated Child Development Scheme, Integrated
Child Protection Scheme, National Nutrition Mission, Swayamsiddha, Priyadarshini, Support
to Training and Employment Programme for Women, Mahila E- Haat.
These are all those schemes which are launched by govt. but not are all directly support

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in empowerment program. Few of them are related with girl’s child, pregnancy, and crèche
program. No doubt that they are playing an important role in the life of any women but in my
study I’m including only those schemes that is directly or indirectly support entrepreneur. So
all the schemes are explained below-
Discussion
Swa Shakti
In the year of 1995 India committed and had clearly expressed about the gender
empowerment by its adaptation of the Beijing Platform for action and the government strongly
focused in the planning phase of Tenth Plan on the gender component, implemented by the
National Policy for the Empowerment of women, 2001. In this period, the government
launched Swa- Shakti project (which is earlier known as the Rural Women’s and
Empowerment Project) marked women’s self-help groups provide shaping and strengthening.
This project is jointly funded by International fund for Agricultural Development
(IFAD) and the World Bank, the project was implemented by the Department of Women and
Child Development under the ministry of Human Resource Development. It was started in nine
states in various districts like Karnataka, Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Gujarat,
Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar.
The project of Swa-Shakti economic empowerment of women was holistically
combined with training, education and also support from other institutions to render a
comprehensive strategy for empowering women. This project objective is to improve women
access to improve quality of life through use of time reducing devices and use of drudgery,
health, literacy, enhance confidence and involvement in skill development and income
generating activities by increasing their control over their income. This indicates a paradigm
shift from welfare of employment; energizing women from being passive receipts of benefits to
participants in schemes, and further to being the initiators and leaders in the project.
This project was successful in intervention across a wide spectrum of resulted
transform women into active member of the society. Around 18,000 SHGs in 60 districts were
covered through this project. This project directly affected the life of women acted as a wheel to
increasing their ability to handle their own problems, they become self-reliance and increase
their self-confidence, also they increase managerial skills and finally more important is to
taking action in collective groups.
Swayam-Siddha
In the year of 2001the merging of Mahila Samriddi Yojana and Indira Mahila Yojana
(which was the first SHGs based women empowerment programmer of ministry of Women and
Child Development launched in 1995-96) the ministry of women and child development
launched a flagship project Swayam Siddha in 2001 and including other sectorial programmers
meet for women empowerment. The aim of this project is to be include empowerment through
improvement of confidence among SHGs women regarding their state, health, education diet,
hygiene and health, legal right, economic up-liftment and other social issue, which directly
affects their life and political issue also. Strengthening and motivating for the saving habit
among SHGs women and control own economic activities, improving access of women in local
level for planning purpose and aware about these benefits and enjoying. The long term
objective of this project is to achieve overall empowerment of women both socially and
economically. Control resources and direct access through income generating activities would
be the main objective ofSHGs under SwayamSidha.
The most important component of this project is the monitoring, formulation, and
implementation of block specific projects for 4-5 years. The group thus formed should be on a
self-sustaining mode by the end of 5 years. SwayamSiddha has resulted in outstanding

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improvement in the socio- economic status of rural poor women and it is also help in providing
skill enhancement for income generating activities. In 2005 evaluation report of an external
agency indicate that women of this blocks have strengthened their social standing in the society
and standing against the social evils like alcoholism, dowry, and female feticide is visible and
economic condition of women has definitely improved after joining SHGs groups. And also
number of women members at Panchayat levels are improve and few of them are elected at
localbodies’ level.
Finally this project ended in March 2008. Central government decided that the State
government should hold the SHGs formed under the project of Swayamsiddha scheme till the
launch of second phase of the project.
STEP
The Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) has invited applications
from organizations/ NGOs as per revised guidelines of Support to Training and Employment
Programme for Women (STEP) Scheme. The guidelines were revised in December 2014. The
Ministry has been administering ‘Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women
(STEP) Scheme’ since 1986-87 as a ‘Central Sector Scheme’. The STEP Scheme aims to
provide skills that give employability to women and to provide competencies and skill that
enable women to become self-employed/ entrepreneurs. The Scheme is intended to benefit
women who are in the age group of 16 years and above across the country including rural
women. The grant-in-aid under the Scheme is given to institutions/ organizations including
NGOs. The assistance under STEP Scheme will be available in any sector for imparting skills
related to employability and entrepreneurship, including but not limited to the Agriculture,
Horticulture, Food Processing, Handlooms, Tailoring, Stitching, Embroidery, Zari etc,
Handicrafts, Computer & IT enable services along with soft skills and skills for the work place
such as spoken English, Gems & Jewellery, Travel & Tourism, Hospitality. The proposals
under STEP are considered as per the scheme guidelines. For proposals of organizations from
North Eastern States, verification of credentials is got done through Ministry of Home Affairs
before release of funds. The guidelines of STEP Scheme have been revised in December, 2014
by Ministry of Women and Child Development. In addition, other sector specific Ministries
and State Governments have skill development programs of their own. For proper
implementation of the scheme, the guidelines envisage concurrent monitoring/evaluation of the
projects funded under the scheme.
The target group to be covered under the STEP programe includes marginalized asset
less rural women and the urban poor. This include wage laborers , unpaid daily workers,
female headed households, migrant laborers, tribal and other dispossessed groups with special
focus on SC/ST house hold and families below the poverty line.
Mahila E- Haat
In the year of 2017 March, Ministry of Women and Child Development announced a
new project regarding marketing for women who are involved in SHGs group and selling their
products with the help of internet. Mahila-E-Haat is an initiative for meeting aspiration and
need of women entrepreneurs. It is an online marketing platform for women where they are
display products. It is an initiative for the whole women of the country as a part of startup
India and Digital India The platform has been set up by the Ministry of Women and Child
Development, Government of India under Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK). Objective of this
project is to act as a catalyst by providing a web based marketing for the women entrepreneurs
who are directly sold their products to the buyers. Basically it provides an opportunity for
women entrepreneurs leverage technology display manufacturing/ made and sold by them. It
requires only a mobile number to handle the entire business of E-Hath. It provides the facility

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of buyer and seller along with photograph, description of the product and the phone no. also
display on the portal of the E- Hath. The buyer has also an option of approaching the seller
physically, E-mail and telephonic or any other means for convenient to him/her. It also
provides the facility of buyer and seller to direct interface for seller and buyer for marketing of
products of SHGs women. Since its launch, Mahila E-Haat is impacting 3.55 lakh beneficiaries
directly and indirectly and over 26,500 SHGs. Women vendors from 24 states are displaying
over around 2,000 products and services across around 19 categories. The portal received the
SKOCH Gold Award on September 9, 2016 and was rated as one of the ‘Top 100 Projects in
India for 2016.
One Stop Center Scheme
In the current scenario of India there is Gender Based discrimination and Violence still
exist and it is a global health, human rights and development issue that transcends culture,
class, age, religion etc. to affect every community and country of the world. UN provides a
definition of gender Declaration on the Elimination of Violence - based abuse, calling it "any
act of gender - based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or
psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary
deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life”.
In India, gender based violence has many expression; from the more popular forms of
sexual and domestic violence including rape, harmful practices such as, honor killing, dowry,
acid attacks, sexual harassment, child sexual abuse, trafficking for commercial sexual
exploitation, child marriage etc.
The objectives of the Scheme is to provide integrated support to women affected by
violence, both in private and public spaces under one roof and also to facilitate immediate,
emergency and non - emergency access to a range of services including medical, legal and
psychological support against any forms of violence.
In 2015 on 1st April Ministry of Women and Child Development, has launched a
Centrally Sponsored Scheme for setting up One Stop Centre, a sub - scheme of National
Mission for Empowerment of women including Indira Gandhi MattritavSahyaogYojana. This
scheme is popularly known as Sakhi centres for this are being established whole the country to
provide integrated support and assistance under one roof to women affected by violence, both in
private and public spaces in phased manner.
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
According to the census of 2011 India rapidly deteriorating the sex ratio (2011: 918
girls for 1000 boys). Regarding this India’s govt. introduce the project of Beti Bachao Beti
Padhao in Oct 2014 with the objective to educate and save the girl child and addressing the
issues of the declining child sex ratio. Reasons behind this policy are sharp decline in the ratio
of girls by sex- selective abortion or female feticide. Ultrasound technology has made possible
for pregnant women to know the gender of that child. This trend was first noticed when the
result of the census was released in 1991 and it was confirmed in the worsening problem in
2001 when censes result released. The trend of reduction of female population still continues in
2011.
By seeing this type of result of census Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme was launched
in January 2015 by a joint initiative of Ministry of Women and Child Development, Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare and Ministry of Human Resource Development. For become
successful this scheme implements a social mobilization and communication campaign to
create equal value for a girl child and promote her education. Place those cities and district
where the issue of decline the child sex ratio, so basically this type of strategies are used in this
scheme.

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Working Women Hostel

With the rapidly change in the socio-economic fabrics of the country and more and
more women of the country leaving their homes for the search of employment in urban
industrial areas. In the field of employment in other cities they are facing many difficulties and
the main difficulty faced by those women are accommodation which is safe and convenient for
them. Indian Govt. is being concerned about this in the year of 1972-73and implements a policy
Grand –in-aid for construction of buildings for working women provide hostel facility to them
in cities, small town and also in rural areas where the employment opportunities exist for
women. On the basis of evaluation and revision of the existing scheme with the focus of safety
and conveniently location of accommodation of working women who are need to live away
from their families.
The basic objective behind their policy is to provide accommodation for working
women with safety and conveniently with the facility of day care of their children. This project
is assessing for construction of newly hostel building and also expansion of existing building in
rented premises. This project is shall be made available to all the women without any
discrimination of caste, state, religion etc.
This project provide benefit to those women who are single, widow, divorced, married
her husband or family does not reside in the same city. It gives preference to disadvantage
sector of the society physicallychallenge beneficiaries.
Swadhar Greh
In the year of 2015 ministry of women and child development launched a scheme
Swadhar Greh whose target the women victims in difficult situations circumstances who are
really need of institutional support for rehabilitation by the help of this they are lead their life
with dignity. These scheme visages providing food shelter, health as well as economic social
security for these women. Under this scheme in every district there will be set up of a Swaghar
Greh with the capacity of 30 women with the objective of to cater to the primary need of the
shelter, clothing, food, providing medical treatment, and care of the women who are
without any social and economic support, help in to regain their emotional strength, to provide
them with legal aid and providing guidance to take steps in readjustment in family society to
act as a support system that understand and meets the necessary requirement for women and
also want to helps in to start a fresh life with dignity and conviction. Regarding this project
govt. will provide some awareness counseling and behavioral training legal aid and guidance.
In the big cities and the other districts where having more than about 40 lakh population, more
than one Swadhar Greh could be established and the capacity extended up to 50-100 on the
basis of need assessment and others important parameters.
Ujjawala
In the year of Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana is a project launched by the Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Gas for providing LPG connection for those women who are belonging
to BPL households. In our country, the poor people have limited access of cooking gas. The
spread of LPG cylinders has been predominantly in the urban and semi urban areas with the
coverage in mostly in middle class and affluent households. But in our country there is a
serious health hazard regarding cooking food by fossil fuels. According to data of WHO in
every year approx. 5 lakh death take place due to under cooking fuels. By this project providing
BPL households will be ensure that universal coverage of cooking gas in the country. This will
helps in measure women empower and protect their health also. It will also reduce in drudgery
and the time spent in cooking. It will also provide employment for rural youth in the supply
chain of cooking gas.

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Priyadarshini
In the year of 1989 there was a scheme launched by the Ministry of Women and Child
Development, Priyadarshini with a vision to make powerful the women with the help of
providing of law to women industrialist regarding Priyadashini yojana. Women industrialist is
providing loan facility at a liberal and concessional fee on interest for final actions. In this
project there must be women entrepreneur and she must also have at least 51% of fiscal holding
of the business. Regarding Priyadarshini scheme amount sanction for the purpose of buying of
apparatus, machinery, means for transport, furniture and fixtures etc. required for working
resources and asset investment requirement. Financial support also grant for framing and allied
action and for education. Basically the loan amount is depending upon the need and the project
expenditure.
Under this project about 4700 SHGs promoted and administered by Ministry in 13
blocks spared in 5 districts in Uttar Pradesh and 2 districts in Bihar. Out of 4700 SHGs 2300
are belong to Bihar and 2400 are belong to U.P. In the financial year of 2012-13 Rs 15 Cr. has
been sanctioned for this scheme and in the month of Oct. 2012 the amount extended up to 17.50
Cr.The main focus of this project is enhance the level of livelihood, the beneficiaries become
empower to handle their legal, political, health problem issue through capacity building.
Through this project approx. 1 lakh households are covered under this project and 7200 SHGs
are formed till the period ending 2016-17.

It is briefly explained in the above flow chart that how the various government policies
which are directly and indirectly affect the social and economic factors of women life. Like if
we are talking about economic factor, government policy are focused on promoting the small
savings, provide credit facility, implementing programe to become internet friendly, provide
market and a platform where the women are directly sell their products without any
involvement of mediator. On the other hand government also focuses on education on girl child

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and provides many types of scholarship. These are some initiatives which are taking by
government in the respect of economic factors and if we are talking about social factors, they
are all playing a very important role in improving the confidence, provide primary needs (food,
shelter, cloth) self reliant, help in skill development, provide different types of training for their
business and for doing work in a effective and efficient manner. By the help of social factors
education in girls is being high and they are encouraged for higher education. Beside that on
local level regarding health education programme also conducted by the government. After all
there is confidence arise which is necessary for them and by this there is a change in mind set
regarding girl child. By the help of social and economical factors, they are improving the
economic growth of the country which is directly improving the wealth of the economy. At that
time the women are aware from these schemes and to take benefits. Due to the government
initiative in respect of schemes, it helps in generation of employment and by this poverty
alleviation taken place and men also contributes in their business. All these things at that time
women have exist and deserve a different identity, and directly it is support to promotion of
entrepreneurship.
Conclusion
Since our country has been in depended, it is felt that women’s status is not good in the
country. In this regard the govt. has organized several programs under the five year plan, which
improves the condition of women. These programs started under the name of Priyadarshini
policy at the times of 1980 and then after that Swa Shakti policy also came in 1995. Gradually
passing of time the new policies comes in existences. Approximately all the policies having
same objectives and done their job, but even after these the objectives of these policies were
not completed. That means neither woman’s empowerment not her condition improves nor did
her income grow as expected. Even today, look at the situation of the women of the village and
the city carefully and try to understand deeply, there is no drastic change in their situation.
There may be many reasons behind this. According to my study whatever the policies launched
by the govt. all made under the five year plan. In the five year plan, till the policy has begun
and to perform well, the time period is over and for the next five year the new policy begins to
be designed to achieve the new objectives. Till the period of 2000 policy is specially designed
only for five year plans and Swa – Shakti and Priyadarshini is one of those.
If we are taking about second aspect of any policies, the objective of the policies are
fine, but there implement, routine checking, auditing, ground level work is not good. For this
reason, the policies are come for completed their time period. Due to the lack of
implementation policies are gave only there average performance. Swadhar and Priyadarshini
are one of those whose performance is not so good.
About 30 years from the beginning of the policies till date has been completed. Which
were divided into 3 phases. In which first phase is before 2000 in which the condition of
women are not so good in which Priyadarshini, Swa Shakti policies are consider. These policies
performance are not so good but not so bad and they are basically targeted for five year plan.
They are work on health, education, aware from their rights etc. Objective of all these policies
are good but to first time, their performance did not get as good as expected. Apart from their
performance at least they are start a work in the field of women empowerment which was
expected.
In the second phase which was between 2000-2010. In this mean time, only security
and their rights are the hot topics in this time periods. Between this, except Swayam Siddha no
any other large policy is implemented and not much attention has given on the Women’s
condition and their empowerment.
Then comes on the third phase i.e. the time since 2010. This phase is very important in

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the field of women empowerment. In this phase approximately all the aspects is to be
consider which is related with women, like providing hostel facility, call centers, health and
hygiene, regarding their education, scholarships, self-reliance, LPG connection, providing loan.
In this phase many policies are to be launched in which One Stop Center Scheme, Ujjwala,
Working Women Hostel is those who are playing a very important role in the upliftment of the
status of women. Many of the women are now linked with NGOs and taking the support from
SHGs whose performance is outstanding to supporting them.
At that time, with the help of these above government policies, the SHGs are now
improving in itself. Social capital could be an asset for solving various social issues in our
country like gender based, dowry system, casteism. Social economic empowerment has been
considered instruments for holistic development. Women empowerment is obviously important
for raising their social economic status in the society. Recently on the study on government
policies, government advocacy and academic research and their findings are there is a positive
relationship between all the groups and followed normal pattern of group behavior. It is also
notices that a greater percentage of women were impacted positively by brings members of
SHGs. Women’s participation in SHGs enabled them to discover inner strength, gain self-
confidence, social and economic empowerment and capacity building. Women also give their
own personal suggestions for strengthening their groups and activity participated in them.
The government policies were launched with the aim of overall growth of women in
the country. These policies, as found focused on basically social and economical factors of
growth of women entrepreneurship in India. The social factors include women empowerment
improvement. Programs run by government for women empowerment are directly or indirectly
support SHGs and in which it provides many facilities for them like provide training, loans for
starting their business, open bank accounts, provide education related for business, provide
market. With the help of these govt. policies now at that time India is developing in the field of
empowering the women. These women are enjoying a good life and also provide a good future
to their family. Not only has development in women’s lives, but their family and society have
also developed. The country is changing and women are playing a good role in it. At today’s
time, women have changed their own definition. Now women get out fromthe house and earn
money by joining men in the society and moving forward the society.

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