ECED1070: Guiding Children’s Behaviour Final Exam Answer Key

1. Which of the following combinations of characteristics describes a socially competent person in our society?
a) Intelligent, polite, wealthy
b) Good looking, religious, upwardly mobile
c) Responsible, cooperative, self-controlled
d) Hostile, aimless, impulsive

2. According to the research cited in your book, children who have strong social emotional skills also tend to
display what other characteristics?
a) Greater academic motivation, fewer absences from school
b) Greater wealth as adults, better job-seeking skills
c) Higher math achievement, higher reading scores
d) Greater academic motivation, fewer absences from school, higher math achievement, higher reading
scores

3. Children develop their predominant sense of self-worth by the time they are eight years old. What principle
of social development does the period from birth to eight years represent?
a) All areas of development are interrelated
b) There are optimal periods of growth and development
c) Development has cumulative and delayed effects
d) Rates of development vary

4. Which of the following statements is true about social learning?

a) Social learning happens at an even pace throughout childhood
b) Social learning is mostly a result of age
c) Most six-year-olds can't share
d) Some aspects of social learning become evident only after numerous experiences

5. Which of the following would be the best strategy for helping a child develop self-regulation?
a) Consistently talk to the child about her actions
b) Quickly tell the child “no!” when she misbehaves
c) Ignore negative behavior until she outgrows it
d) Tell the child repeatedly that she needs to follow the rules
6. Why is it important to communicate with family members or other adults important to children’s lives?
a) To inform the adults about how to help their child be successful at school
b) To gain a more complete understanding of each child and his or her social context
c) To share school expectations and approaches with the adults
d) To recruit classroom volunteers

7. Which of the following statements is true about the role of culture in social learning?
a) Behaviors that define social competence are the same across all cultures
b) Culture is determined by geography
c) Adults in the culture pass along their ideas of what constitutes social competence
d) Culture is all about having a common language

8. What is the first phase of the Social Support Pyramid?

a) Teaching and coaching
b) Supportive environments
c) Positive relationships
d) Intensive individualized interventions

9. Which of the following teacher behaviors illustrates Phase 2 of the Social Support Pyramid?
a) The teacher provides a visual chart depicting the steps for proper hand washing near the sink in the
children's bathroom
b) The teacher convenes a support team consisting of herself, a speech pathologist, and Suzy's mom to
discuss Suzy's difficulties communicating to others
c) The teacher gives Suzy step-by-step instructions for buttoning her coat
d) The teacher demonstrates how to feed the gerbil

10. Which of the following teacher behaviors illustrates Phase Four of the Social Support Pyramid?
a) The teacher offers Marcy a choice of mashed potatoes or French fries at lunch
b) The teacher provides a visual chart depicting the steps for proper hand washing near the sink in the
children's bathroom
c) The teacher encourages Marcy to figure out her own way to share the crackers at snack
d) The teacher convenes a support team consisting of herself, a speech pathologist, and Suzy's mom to
discuss Suzy's difficulties communicating to others
11. In which state does an infant move vigorously and clench his or her fists?
a) Regular sleep
b) Waking activity
c) Irregular sleep
d) Crying

12. After an infant begins to cry, an adult should pick the baby up:
a) Immediately
b) Once the bottle has been put on to warm
c) After five to ten minutes, depending on the infant’s age
d) Once the baby’s face turns red

13. What adult behaviors enable self-regulation in very young children?

a) Following predictable routines
b) Helping them to solve developmentally appropriate problems regularly
c) Keeping the changing table clean and the area orderly while diapering
d) Telling them how to behave and what to do bit by bit during the day

14. What is being discussed when we speak of temperamental differences in infants?

a) Differences in the degree or intensity of emotional behavior and the timing and duration of the child’s
responses
b) Differences in the mood of the child such as depression or inflation of the child at a moment in time
c) Differences in the internal, private experiences of the child such as pleasure, contentment, pain, or
frustration
d) Differences in the observable display of expressions and feelings

15. What is NOT a known fact about attachment?

a) Attachment always occurs between mother and child, but also can occur between father and child and
caregiver and child
b) Children can attach to up to four caring, sensitive adults
c) It takes seven months to truly establish attachment behaviors between parent and child or caregiver
and child
d) Attachment begins at birth
16. When an adult attends to the nonverbal message of the child, understands the feelings expressed, and
communicates similar feelings back to the child, that adult is demonstrating:
a) Warmth
b) Respect
c) Empathy
d) Authority

17. How do professionals use nonverbal behaviors in addressing families?

a) They convey warmth and acceptance the same way that they do with children
b) They should maintain the most formal behavior with little expression when giving family members
information
c) Adults do not pay much attention to nonverbal behavior so it does not matter
d) Professionals should approach family members meekly and speak softly, with lowered eyes

18. Fundamental adaptive coping systems are:

a) The ecological systems that surround children: family, peer groups, schools, communities, and societies
b) Health clinics, psychological organizations, and mental hospitals
c) Internal coping mechanisms that children develop during early and middle childhood
d) Coping structures that teachers create for children

19. Stressors include:

a) Energy reserves in times of crisis
b) Change, overload, uncertainty, and fear
c) Repertoires of coping mechanisms
d) Behaviors that result from overload

20. Which of the following is associated with children's expressive style?

a) How long children's emotions last
b) How well children express their emotions to others
c) How aware children are of unhappiness or sadness in others
d) How many vocabulary words children use to describe their emotions to others

21. Marla is three years old. What cues will she rely on to help her figure out what someone else is feeling?
a) Facial expressions
b) Words
c) The situation
d) Her own feelings at the time
22. Which of the following behaviors is the most accepting of an approaching child?
a) The adult glances at the child and looks away
b) The adult opens the arms toward the child
c) The adult rotates his or her body slightly away from the child
d) The adult finds something else to do behind him or her

23. Which of the following behaviors is considered to be the single most important characteristic of the
authoritative adult?
a) Identifying children’s emotions
b) Giving reasons for his or her expectations
c) Disclosing his or her own feelings to children
d) Asking children to explain why they did or did not do something

24. Prior to snack, Brian spent several minutes cleaning up the art table. The best form of praise would be,
“You worked hard,” followed by which of the subsequent sentences?
a) “I appreciate your being such a good helper”
b) “You’re a great cleaner upper”
c) “I’m pleased you put away all the paper and crayons. Now this table is ready for snacks”
d) “It makes me feel good when you are so nice”

25. The manner in which you set a rule may vary based on which of the following factors?
a) The child’s age
b) The child’s temperament
c) The child’s family income
d) The child’s age and temperament

26. Laura is a very shy child. Which of the following strategies would be best in helping her make friends?
a) Pair her with an outgoing child in the group
b) Pair her with another shy child in the group
c) Have her play with you
d) Pair her with a younger child

27. What is the best approach to promoting friendships within a group of children?
a) Encourage them to spend all their time together
b) Separate friendship pairs so that each child must reach out to others
c) Assign children friends
d) Provide opportunities for children to relax together
28. Molly is struggling to open a heavy door. Gretchen, who is nearby, does nothing to help her. If you were
told that Gretchen had not yet reached the first step in acting prosocially, how would you explain her
behavior?
a) Gretchen decided not to help
b) Gretchen did not like Molly
c) Gretchen was not aware that Molly needed help
d) Gretchen is antisocial

29. Don’s father is raking leaves and putting them in a large bushel basket. In the first step of developing
helping behavior, what might Don do?
a) Suggest that large plastic bags would work better
b) Watch his father rake leaves
c) Say, “There are too many leaves for you to rake yourself”
d) Ask his dad to play touch football

30. If Ms. French had to choose only one strategy to encourage children to act prosocially, which of the
following would get the best results?
a) Model prosocial behavior herself
b) Talk to the children about why it is important to be kind
c) Have children practice prosocial behaviors through planned activities
d) Have small group discussions during which children describe the prosocial behavior of classmates

31. Janice is upset because her ball is stuck on top of the toy shed. As the children gather around her, she
cries. What would be the best strategy for the adult to use if the goal is to promote children’s prosocial
behavior?
a) Set a rule that children should play with the balls further away from the shed
b) Comfort Janice
c) Explain to the other children why Janice is upset and that they could help
d) Talk with the children about the incident later in the day at group time

32. What should you do if a parent tells you her child is being bullied by other children?
a) Report the incident immediately to the school director to handle
b) Contact Child Protective Services to handle the matter
c) Observe the classroom carefully and develop a plan for how to respond
d) Explain your school’s non-aggression philosophy
33. A child who purposefully goads another child to tears is exhibiting which type of aggression?
a) Physical aggression
b) Instrumental aggression
c) Expressive aggression
d) Hostile aggression

34. What does the adult do in the summing-up phase of conflict mediation?
a) Gain control of the disputed object
b) Define the problem in mutual terms
c) Summarize all the different solutions children generated in the discussion
d) Suggest ways for children to compromise

35. What is the last step in conflict mediation?

a) Reaching a solution
b) Checking the next day to make sure the same children aren’t fighting again
c) Enforcing the solution
d) Praising children for the hard work involved

36. A teacher is in the midst of conflict mediation. Godfrey suggests an idea that he had mentioned earlier, but
which had been rejected by the other child. What should the teacher do?
a) Repeat the idea
b) Say that this idea was already mentioned, but that the two children might want to think about it again
c) Encourage the children to think of new ideas that no one has suggested yet
d) Ask an onlooker for a new idea

37. What is the most advanced form of self-regulation called?

a) Adherence
b) Empathy
c) Internalization
d) Ethical induction

38. When is modeling most effective?

a) When the model is another child
b) When the model is doing something, children wish they could do but are not yet capable of doing
c) When the model’s behavior is pointed out to children
d) When the model is a male
39. What are the characteristics of authoritative adults?
a) They have warm relationships and high expectations for children
b) They attempt to direct children’s behavior through force
c) They have warm relationships and few expectations for children
d) They are neglectful of children

40. Tracy is growing up in a household that can be described as permissive. Over time, what does the research
say she will probably be like?
a) Affectionate
b) Compliant
c) Happy
d) Hostile