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IS 15907 (2010): Agro Textiles - High Density Plyethylene

(HDPE) Woven Beds for Vermiculture [TXD 35: Technical
Textiles for Applications]

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“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 15907 : 2010

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ikyhbFkkbZyhu ¼,p Mh ih bZ½ ds cqus gq,
D;kjhuqek fcLrj — fof'kf"V
Indian Standard
AGRO TEXTILES — HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
(HDPE) WOVEN BEDS FOR VERMICULTURE —
SPECIFICATION

ICS 65.080;83.020.20;83.140.01

© BIS 2010
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

February 2010 Price Group 5

Technical Textiles for Agro-tech Sectional Committee, TXD 35

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Technical
Textiles for Agro-tech Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council.
Today’s agriculture or farming is in great threat due to regular use of chemical fertilizers. The soil texture is being
deteriorated and becoming salinated. There is no incremental output and even quality of soil is also deteriorating
and crops are increasingly becoming prone to various diseases. This leads to increased expenditure on agro-
medicines. Most important is the decay of various/useful organic factors from the soil. Here organic fertilizers
play a major role in maintaining the texture, quality and yield of the soil. Organic fertilizer is nothing but fertilizer
produced by decomposition of organic waste of agro based products. This fertilizer provides all sixteen types of
main, subsidiary and micro-nutrients with different vitamins and digestive elements. Traditionally cement structures
were used for the purpose but of late portable beds made from plastics have made entry into the market. These
synthetic beds enjoy greater advantages over the traditional ones in terms of space, durability, ease of handling,
yield of compost, cost, etc.
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex F.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960
‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 IS 15907 : 2010

Indian Standard
AGRO TEXTILES — HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
(HDPE) WOVEN BEDS FOR VERMICULTURE —
SPECIFICATION
1 SCOPE linear density of the tape shall be 88.8 Tex (800 Denier)
minimum.
This standard prescribes constructional and other
requirements for high density polyethylene (HDPE) NOTE — Carbon black or black master batch shall not be used
woven beds for vermiculture used in producing for UV stabilization.
compost for agricultural purposes.
4.2 HDPE Fabric
2 REFERENCES Beds shall be manufactured by using suitable HDPE
The standards listed in Annex A contain provisions woven fabric (see IS 6899) so that finished bed meets
which through reference in this text, constitute the requirements given in Table 1 and 5.1 to 5.3.
provision of this standard. At the time of publication,
4.3 Lamination
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision and parties to agreements based on 4.3.1 The fabric shall be laminated with the low density
this standard are encouraged to investigate the polyethylene (LDPE) or suitable combination of LDPE
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) melt of
standards indicated in Annex A. coating grade on each side having thickness not less
than 25 microns and the coating shall be suitably UV
3 TERMINOLOGY stabilized by incorporating UV stabilizer (see Note
For the purpose of this standard the following under 4.1). The coating film along with colour master
definitions shall apply. batch to get the desired shade shall be such that the
finished bed meets the requirements of UV stability
3.1 Vermicompost — It is well decomposed stable, and colour fastness to light as given in Table 1.
fine granular byproduct from composting process
mediated through the activities of earthworm. 4.3.2 A 7-layer laminated fabric is produced using a
combination of 3-layers of HDPE fabric and 4-layers
3.2 Vermiculture — The process of producing
of coating film. The layers of HDPE fabric used to
vermicompost is called vermiculture. The earth worm
manufacture beds shall be joined by sandwich
gives excreta fast, after eating any kind of decayed
lamination. The lamination as given above shall be such
decomposed organic material. Hence, the crop/plants
that the finished bed meets the requirements given in
can get the additional nutrients from vermicompost.
Table 1. The minimum coating thickness of the
Eisena foetida worm may be used in the process.
sandwich lamination shall be 40µ.
3.3 Vermiwash — The liquid collected at the drain of
the bed is called vermiwash. This liquid consists of 4.4 Cord Beading
different micro-nutrients vitamins and digestive A jute/sisal rope beading of minimum 6.0 mm diameter
elements. Earthworm excretes a sticky liquid from its shall be provided along the top periphery of the bed
glandor. This contains Colamic pyulite and antifungal for reinforcement.
liquid.
5 MANUFACTURE
4 MATERIALS
5.1 General design of the bed shall be as shown in
4.1 HDPE Tapes Fig. 1.
Tapes shall be manufactured from HDPE granules (see
5.2 Construction
IS 6192), which shall be UV stabilized by adding
suitable UV stabilizer (see Note). The finished bed shall 5.2.1 The bed shall be constructed by heat sealing
meet the requirements of UV stability and colour laminated pieces of woven fabric of the desired
fastness to light as given in Table 1. The width of the dimensions. The panels shall be flat (overlap) joined.
tape used in the fabric shall be 1.20 mm minimum and The top edges of the bed shall be hemmed by heat

1
 IS 15907 : 2010

2
FIG. 1 TYPICAL SHAPE OF A VERMIBED
 IS 15907 : 2010

sealing along with a jute/sisal rope of 6 mm diameter 6.2 Water Proofness

placed inside the hem as reinforcement. The width of
6.2.1 The fabric and joints of the bed shall be tested
the hem shall be minimum 40 mm. Three net windows
before and after ageing for water repellency by cone
of size 260 mm × 150 mm each shall be provided on
test according to IS 7941 and for resistance to water
both sides of the bed along the length for ventilation.
penetration by the pressure head test according to
These windows shall be made of polyethylene nets and IS 7940 keeping the height of water column as 900 mm
shall be heat sealed at equidistance along the periphery and the time of exposure being 1 h. The test specimen
of the bed as shown in Fig. 1. An outlet of 40 mm × shall be so selected that at least one joint is covered.
100 mm at the bottom in one corner shall also be There shall be no leakage when tested by cone test
provided for draining out the liquor produced during and does not leak through the bed when tested for
the process of composting. This outlet shall be covered resistance to water penetration by the pressure head
by polyethylene nets and shall be heat sealed. test from any test specimen.
5.2.2 Fourteen support pockets for inserting pegs shall 6.2.2 The ageing shall be done at 70°C for 168 h as
also be provided along the periphery of the bed and per the method given in IS 7016 (Part 8).
running across the full height of the bed as shown in
Fig. 1. A piece of laminated woven fabric is heat-sealed 7 MARKING
at the intersection of front/back and bottom panels
7.1 Each bed shall be legibly marked with the following
whereas the other three sides of the fabric for pockets
information at one corner on one side either with tag
are heat-sealed with the base fabric thus giving the
or by printing on it with the ink:
shape of a pocket. The upper end of the pocket thus
formed shall be heat-sealed while forming the a) Name and address of the manufacturer,
hemming at the top edge of the bed (see 5.2.1) whereas b) Dimensions and mass (g/m2), and
at the bottom end, a hole of suitable diameter shall be c) Year of manufacture.
created for inserting wooden pegs having a diameter
of 40 mm. The pockets shall have a finished width of 7.2 BIS Certification Marking
120 mm. The wooden pegs shall be strong enough to
provide an erected structure and perform the desired The beds may also be marked with the Standard Mark.
function. 7.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the
provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986
5.3 Bonding and Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The
If two or more pieces of fabrics are used for the details of the conditions under which a license for the
manufacture of bed, the woven fabrics shall be bonded use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers
together by a suitable heat sealing process keeping an or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of
overlap of at least 2.5 cm. Indian Standards.

6 REQUIREMENTS 8 PACKING
The laminated HDPE fabric used to manufacture bed The beds shall be packed as agreed to between the
shall meet the requirements as given in Table 1. buyer and the seller.
Besides the bed shall meet the requirements stated
in 5.1 to 5.3. 9 SAMPLING

6.1 Dimensions and Mass 9.1 Lot

The bed shall be made to the shade and dimensions as The quantity of bed of same size and mass (g/m2)
specified in the contract or order. The following manufactured under similar conditions and delivered
tolerance shall be permissible for length, width and to a buyer against one dispatch note shall constitute a
mass (g/m2): lot.

Dimension Tolerance, Percent 9.2 Unless otherwise agreed to between the buyer and
the seller, the number of beds to be selected at random
Length ±1 from a lot shall be as given in col 3 of Table 2.
Width ±1
Mass (g/m2) ± 6 percent on declared mass subject 10 NUMBER OF TEST SPECIMENS AND
to minimum mass of 340 g/m2 CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY
However, the preferred dimensions of the bed shall be Number of test specimens and criteria for conformity
3 600 mm (L) × 1 200 mm (W) × 600 mm (H). shall be as given in Table 3.

3
IS 15907 : 2010

Table 1 Requirements of Beds Made from HDPE Woven Fabrics

(Clauses 4.1, 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 6)
Sl No. Characteristic Requirements Method of Test, Ref to
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i) Mass, g/m², Min 340 (see 6.1) IS 1964
ii) Breaking strength before UV exposure, N, Min 1 900 (Warp) IS 1969
1 300 (Weft)
iii) Elongation at break, percent 20 + 5 IS 1969
iv) Retention of breaking strength after UV exposure, 85 percent of original actual value (fabric) Annex B and IS 1969
N, Min
v) Welded seam strength before UV exposure, N, Min 65 percent of original actual value (fabric) IS 1969
vi) Welded seam strength after UV exposure, N, Min 85 percent of original actual value Annex B and IS 1969
vii) Tear strength, N, Min 100 (Warp) Method A2 of IS 7016 (Part 3)
100 (Weft)
viii) Puncture strength, N, Min 325 Annex C
ix) Environmental stress cracking test There shall be no evidence of stress Annex D
cracking
x) Resistance to chemicals, change in the mass, 0.1 percent Annex E
percent, Max
xi) Colour fastness to artificial light1) 4 or better IS 2454 (Xenon lamp method)
xii) Bursting pressure, kgf/cm2, Min 35 IS 1966
1)
Applicable for coloured beds only.

Table 2 Scale of Sampling

(Clause 9.2)
Sl No. No. of Beds in Lot Sample Size Sub-sample Size Permissible No. of Defective Beds
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
i) Up to 50 3 2 0
ii) 51-150 5 2 0
iii) 151-300 8 3 1
iv) 301-500 13 5 2
v) 501 and above 20 5 3

Table 3 Number of Test Specimens and Criteria for Conformity

(Clause 10)
Sl No. Characteristic No. of Beds/Test Specimens Criteria for Conformity
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i) Dimensions, average mass (g/m2), According to col 3 of Table 2 The defective beds do not exceed the corresponding number
manufacture and material given in col 5 of Table 2
ii) Water proofness According to col 4 of Table 2 All the test specimens shall pass the test
iii) All other requirements According to col 4 of Table 2 The test specimens shall meet the requirements as given in
Table 1

4
 IS 15907 : 2010

ANNEX A
(Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS

IS No. Title IS No. Title

1964 : 2001 Textiles — Methods for determi- 6192 : 1994 Textiles — Monoaxially oriented
nation of mass per unit length and high density polyethylene tapes —
mass per unit area of fabrics (second Specification (second revision)
revision) 6899 : 1997 Textiles — High density
1966 : 1975 Methods for determination of polyethylene (HDPE) woven fabrics
bursting strength and bursting — Specification (second revision)
distention of fabrics — Diaphragm 7016 Methods of test for coated and treated
method (first revision) fabrics:
1969 : 1985 Methods for determination of (Part 3) : 1981 Determination of tear strength (first
breaking strength and elongation of revision)
woven textile fabrics (second (Part 8) : 1975 Accelerated ageing
revision) 7940 : 1976 Methods for determining resistance
2454 : 1985 Methods for determination of to penetration by water of fabrics by
coloruv fastness of textile materials static pressure head test
to artificial light (Xenon lamp) (first 7941 : 1976 Method for determining water
revision) repellency of fabrics by cone test

ANNEX B
[Table 1, Sl No. (iv) and (vi)]
UV RESISTANCEb TEST
a
B-1 TEST SPECIMENS B-3.2.1 The type of fluorescent UV lamp, the timing
The test specimens for breaking and seam strength shall of the UV exposure and the temperature of
be cut from the sample as specified in IS 1969 for condensation shall be specified in B-2.
modified grab test. B-3.3 Determine the average breaking strength and
seam strength of the specimens separately after UV
B-2 TEST CONDITIONS
exposure as mentioned above.
B-2.1 The test shall be carried out with fluorescent UV-
B-3.4 Determine the percent retention of original
B lamp (313 nanometer or its equivalent).
strength and seam strength as follows:
B-2.2 The duration of the test shall be 144 h (that is 6
days). Percent retention of original breaking = × 100
strength or seam strength
B-2.3 The test cycle shall be 8 h at 60 + 3ºC with UV where
radiation alternating after 4 h at 50 + 3ºC with
a = average breaking strength or seam strength
condensation.
before UV exposure as obtained in B-3.1,
B-2.4 Irradiation level throughout the test shall be and
maintained at 0.63 ± 0.03 W/m². b = average breaking strength or seam strength
B-3 TEST PROCEDURE after UV exposure as obtained in B-3.3.
NOTES
B-3.1 Determine the original average breaking strength
and seam strength of bed specimens separately as per 1 The UV source is an array of fluorescent lamps (with lamp
emission concentrated in the UV range).
the modified grab test specified in IS 1969.
2 Condensation is produced by exposing the test surface to a
B-3.2 Expose the specimens alternately to ultraviolet heated, saturated mixture of air and water vapour, while the
reverse side of the test specimen is exposed to the cooling
light alone and to condensation in one respective cycle. influence of ambient room air.

5
IS 15907 : 2010

ANNEX C
[Table 1, Sl No. (viii)]
TEST METHOD FOR INDEX PUNCTURE RESISTANCE

C-1 PRINCIPLE C-3.2 Test Specimens

A test specimen is clamped without tension between Select from the laboratory sample, sufficient number
circular plates of a ring clamp attachment secured in a of samples each having a minimum diameter of
tensile testing machine. A force is exerted against the 100 mm to facilitate clamping. Space the specimens
centre of the unsupported portion of the test specimen along a diagonal on the unit of the laboratory sample.
by a solid steel rod attached to the load indicator until Take no specimens nearer the selvage or edge of the
rupture of the specimen occurs. The maximum force bed.
recorded is the value of puncture resistance of the
specimen. C-4 CONDITIONING
Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium in the
C-2 APPARATUS
atmosphere for testing beds (65 ± 5 percent relative
C-2.1 Tensile/Compression Testing Machine, of the humidity and 27 ± 2°C temperature). Equilibrium is
constant-rate-of extension (CRE) type. considered to have been reached when the increase in
the mass of the specimen, in successive weightings
C-2.2 Ring Clamp Attachment, consisting of
made at intervals of not less than 2 h, does not exceed
concentric plates with an open internal diameter of 45
0.1 percent of the mass of the specimen.
± 0.025 mm capable of clamping the test specimen
without slippage. A suggested clamping arrangement C-5 PROCEDURE
is shown in Fig. 2. The external diameter is suggested
to be 100 ± 0.025 mm. The diameter of the six holes C-5.1 Select the load range of the tensile/compression
used for securing the ring clamp assembly is suggested testing machine such that the rupture occurs between
to be 8 mm and equally spaced at a radius of 37 mm. 10 and 90 percent of the full-scale load.
The surfaces of these plates can consist of grooves with C-5.2 Centre and secure the specimen between the
a-rings or coarse sandpaper bonded onto opposing holding plates ensuring that the test specimen extends
surfaces. to or beyond the outer edges of the clamping plates.
C-2.3 Solid Steel Rod, with a diameter of 8 ± 0.01 mm C-5.3 Test at a machine speed of 300 ± 10 mm/min
having a flat end with a 45° × 0.8 mm chamfered edge until the puncture rod completely ruptures the test
contacting the test specimen’s surface (see Fig. 2 and 3). specimen.
C-3 SAMPLING NOTE — The rate of testing specified is not an indication of
the performance of the specimen for its end use.
C-3.1 Laboratory Sample
C-6 CALCULATION
For the laboratory sample take a swatch extending the
full width of the product, of sufficient length along the Calculate the average puncture resistance and standard
selvage from each sample roll so that the requirements deviation for all tests as read directly from the recording
of C-3.2 can be met. instrument.

6
 IS 15907 : 2010

F IG. 2 TEST F IXTURE DETAIL (NOT TO SCALE)

F IG. 3 TEST PROBE DETAIL (NOT TO S CALE)

7
IS 15907 : 2010

ANNEX D
[Table 1, Sl No. (ix)]
METHOD OF TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING
D-1 APPARATUS shall have a length of 150 ± 3 mm and width of
An air oven controlled at 60 ± 2ºC. 50 ± 3 mm.

D-2 TEST LIQUID D-4 PROCEDURE

A 0.5 percent aqueous solution of polyoxyethylated The test specimen shall be dipped in the test liquid
nonylphenol. contained in a beaker at 27 ± 2°C. The beaker along
NOTE — Teepol B 300 has been found suitable. with test specimen shall be kept in the oven at 60 ± 2°C
for 48 h. The test specimen shall then be inspected for
D-3 TEST SPECIMEN cracks, the test specimen being sectioned where
The test specimens shall be cut from the bed and necessary.

ANNEX E
[Table 1, Sl No. (x)]
TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO CHEMICAL ACTION

E-1 TEST SPECIMEN of 10 percent aqueous solution of sulphuric acid,

hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride
The test specimens shall be cut from the bed and shall and ammonium hydroxide at ambient temperature for
have a length of 150 ± 3 mm and width of 50 ± 3 mm. 72 h separately. After the specified time, the specimens
shall be removed from each solution, washed in running
E-2 PROCEDURE
water for 5 min, dried with a clean cloth and re-weighed
For test in each solution as mentioned herein under immediately.
below, three specimens each of length of 150 ± 3 mm
and width of 50 ± 3 mm taken from three position of E-3 ASSESSMENT OF RESULT
bed shall be cleaned, wiped dry and weighed and then The average change in mass of all three specimen in
totally immersed without prior conditioning in each each solution shall not exceed the value given in Table1.

8
 IS 15907 : 2010

ANNEX F
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Technical Textiles for Agro-tech Sectional Committee, TXD 35

Organization Representative(s)
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi DR H. S. GUPTA (Chairman)
Business Co-ordination House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi SHRI SAMIR GUPTA
SHRIMATI RITIKA GUPTA (Alternate)
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), DR S. N. YADAV
Bhubaneswar
Coir Board, Kochi DIRECTOR
Confederation of Indian Industry, New Delhi DIRECTOR
CTM Technical Textiles Ltd, Ahmedabad SHRI AMIT AGARWAL
E.I.Du-Pont India Private Limited, Gurgaon SHRI ATANU ACHARYA
FICCI, New Delhi SHRI CHETAN BIJESURE
Indian Institute of Packaging, New Delhi SHRI MADHAB CHAKRABORTY
Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association, Kolkata SHRI P. K. CHOUDHURY
SHRI AMAL CHANDRA DEKA (Alternate)
Institute of Jute Technology, Kolkata PRINCIPAL
Lamifab & Paper (P) Ltd, Aurangabad SHRI KAMLESH D HOOT
SHRI KISHORI LAL DHOOT (Alternate)
National Committee on Plasticulture Application in Horticulture, SHRI KRISH S. IYENGAR
New Delhi SHRI NARESH MODI (Alternate)
Office of the Textile Commissioner, Mumbai SHRI M. BALUCHAMY
SHRI J. AHMED (Alternate)
The Bombay Textile Research Association, Mumbai SHRI V. K. PATIL
SHRI C. H. SAKHARKAR (Alternate)
The Synthetic & Art Silk Mills Research Association, Mumbai DR MANISHA MATHUR
SHRIMATI MANISHA A. HIRA (Alternate)
BIS Directorate General SHRI P. BHATNAGAR, Scientist ‘E’ and Head (TXD)
[Representing Director General (Ex-officio)]
Member Secretary
SHRI J. K. GUPTA
Scientist ‘C’ (TXD), BIS

9
Bureau of Indian Standards

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Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
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‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: TXD 35 (977).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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