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    4 Lumber

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    Abestano Jade
    This document provides information about lumber classification and measurement. It defines various wood types and grades lumber based on growth patterns, density, grain, and other properties. Board foot is introduced as the standard unit of measure for lumber, calculated based on thickness, width, and length. Various building components made from lumber like floor joists, ceiling joists, and girder beams are also discussed alongside examples of calculating materials needed for projects.

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    4 Lumber

    Uploaded by

    Abestano Jade
    25 views18 pages
    This document provides information about lumber classification and measurement. It defines various wood types and grades lumber based on growth patterns, density, grain, and other properties. Board foot is introduced as the standard unit of measure for lumber, calculated based on thickness, width, and length. Various building components made from lumber like floor joists, ceiling joists, and girder beams are also discussed alongside examples of calculating materials needed for projects.

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    4-Lumber

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    This document provides information about lumber classification and measurement. It defines various wood types and grades lumber based on growth patterns, density, grain, and other properties. Board foot is introduced as the standard unit of measure for lumber, calculated based on thickness, width, and length. Various building components made from lumber like floor joists, ceiling joists, and girder beams are also discussed alongside examples of calculating materials needed for projects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views18 pages

    4 Lumber

    Uploaded by

    Abestano Jade
    This document provides information about lumber classification and measurement. It defines various wood types and grades lumber based on growth patterns, density, grain, and other properties. Board foot is introduced as the standard unit of measure for lumber, calculated based on thickness, width, and length. Various building components made from lumber like floor joists, ceiling joists, and girder beams are also discussed alongside examples of calculating materials needed for projects.

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    LUMBER

    INSTRUCTOR: ENGR. MINETTE MERCA


    Wood is a fibrous substance which compose the trunk and branches of the tree that lies
    between the pith and the bark. Wood because of its strength, light weight, durability and
    ease of fastening has become one of the most important building material.

    Terms:
    1. Lumber
    2. Rough Lumber
    3. Surface or dressed Lumber
    4. s2s; s4s
    5. Slab
    6. Timber
    7. Plank
    8. Board
    9. Flitch
    10.Fine Grained
    11.Straight Grained
    12.Crooked or Cross-Grained
    CLASSIFICATION OF WOOD

    Wood used in building construction are those which grows larger by addition of layer on the
    outer surface each year known to botanist as Exogens.

    Wood are classified according to:


    1. Mode of Growth
    a) exogenoues – outward growing trees which are most preferred for lumbering
    b) endogeneous - inside growing trees which are not preferred for lumbering
    because they protect a soft center core
    2. Density
    a) soft
    b) hard
    3. Leaves
    a) needle shape
    b) broad shape
    CLASSIFICATION OF WOOD
    Wood are classified according to:
    4. Shade or color
    a) white
    b) yellow
    c) red
    d) brown
    e) black
    5. Grain
    a) straight
    b) cross
    c) fine
    d) coarse
    6. Nature of the surface when sawed
    a) plain
    b) grained
    c) figured or marked
    METHODS OF SAWING LOGS
    Lumbering is the term applied to the operations performed in preparing the wood for
    commercial purposes.
    Logging is the process or operation of cutting the logs into commercial sizes of lumber.

    The methods and manner of log sawing are:


    1. Plain or Bastard Sawing
    2. Quarter or Rift Sawing
    a) Radial
    b) Tangential
    c) Quarter Tangential
    d) Combined Radial and Tangetial
    DEFECTS IN WOOD
    Defects are irregularities found in wood. The most common defects in wood are:
    1. Caused by abnormal growth
    a) Heart shakes
    b) wind shakes or cup shakes
    c) star shakes
    d) knots
    2. Due to deterioration
    a) dry rot
    b) wet rot
    UNIT OF MEASURE OF LUMBER

    Board foot is the unit of measure used in computing volume of lumber.


    One board foot simply mean one square foot by one inch thick or equivalent to 144
    cubic inches.
    The width and thickness of the commercial lumber are expressed in inches while the
    length are in feet of even number.
    Board foot is found by dividing the product of the thickness times the width and the
    length by 12.

    Example: Find the board foot of 5 pieces 2’’x6’’x14’ lumber


    UNIT OF MEASURE OF LUMBER

    How to determine board foot in a log


    𝐷 − 4 2𝐿
    𝐵𝑑. 𝐹𝑡. 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 =
    16
    where D is the smaller diameter of the log, L is the length of the log, 4 is the slab
    reduction allowance

    example: find the total board foot of lumber that could be derived from a 28 inches
    diameter log by 20 feet long
    UNIT OF MEASURE OF LUMBER

    Board foot method is simply finding the total board foot of sawed lumber multiplied
    by the agreed unit price.
    Pulgada system is computed by multiplying the width in inches by the length of
    lumber in meter, the result is then multiplied by the unit price.

    Example:
    In slicing a 6’’x6’’x3.00 m to a 2’’x6’’x3.00m lumber, how much will it cost if the unit
    price is 50 centavos per Pulgada?
    WOOD POST

    Example: Determine the length of wooden post required.


    GIRDER
    GIRDER
    GIRDER

    What girder length shall be ordered?


    Post dimension 0.3m x 0.3m
    FLOOR JOIST AND T&G FLOORING

    Floor joist is a structural member of a building that carries wood flooring.

    T&G is the popular name for Tongue and Groove wooden board used for flooring,
    ceiling forms etc.
    FLOOR JOIST AND T&G FLOORING
    CEILING JOIST

    Ceiling Joist is a structural member in building construction that holds the ceiling board,
    otherwise known as the nailing strip.

    Example: Find the total board foot required for a 7.00 x 4.00 meter bedroom using 2”x2”
    ceiling joist spaced at .40x.40 m on center.
    CEILING BOARD

    Example:
    An office room with a general
    dimension of 6.00mx9.60meters
    specify the use of a 0.6x1.2m ceiling
    board. Find the number of pieces
    required.
    THANKS
    VIVA CIVIL!

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