Bending Stress

REVIEW INNOVATIONS
Normal stress - stress produced by the perpendicular
action of a force on a given area is called normal stress.

• Axial stress
• Bending stress
Axial stress – is the normal stress created in a structural
member by the application of a longitudinal load

Bending stress – is the normal stress that is induced at a

point in a body subjected to loads that cause it to bend.
Bending stress formula

𝑀𝑦
𝑓𝑏 =
𝐼 y
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: N.A

M – bending moment
y – distance from neutral
axis (N.A)
I – Moment of inertia of entire
section
A beam has a width of 200 mm and a depth of 500 mm. It carries a maximum
moment of 100 kN-m.
1. Calculate the bending stress 50 mm from the N.A.
2. Calculate the bending stress 100 mm from the N.A.
3. Calculate the maximum bending stress.
4. Calculate the bending stress at N.A
M = 100 kN-m
100 mm
IN.A = Ic.g +Ad2 500 mm 50 mm
N.A
IN.A x = 200 (500)3 = 2.083x109 mm4
12
1)

fb = My = 100x106 (50) = 2.40 MPa

I 2.083x109 200 mm
3)
2) 4)
fb = My = 100x106 (250) = 12.00 MPa fb = 0
fb = My = 100x106 (100) = 4.80 MPa 2.083x109
I
I 2.083x109
 A given beam has a maximum moment of 300 kN-m. IN.A = Ic.g +Ad2
1. Calculate the bending stress at A.
2. Calculate the bending stress at B. IN.A x = 300 (20)3 + 300(20)(260)2 + 15 (500)3
3. Calculate the maximum bending stress. 12 12
+ 300 (20)3 + 300(20)(260)2 = 967.85x106 mm4
12
or alternate solution:
300 mm
20 mm IN.A x = 300 (540)3 -285 (500)3
12 12
B
= 967.85x106 mm4
1)
A fb = 0
500 mm x
2)

fb = My = 300x106 (250) = 77.49 MPa

I 967.85x106
3)
20 mm
fb = My = 300x106 (270) = 83.69 MPa
15 mm 967.85x106
I
A given beam has a maximum moment of 200 kN-m. Varignon’s Theorem:
1. Calculate the bending stress at the bottom of the flange.
A1y1 + A2y2 + A3y3 + … = ATOTAL 𝑦ത
2. Calculate the bending stress at top of the beam.
3. Calculate the maximum bending stress. 20(300)(400 +10) +400(15)(200) = (300x20+400x15) 𝑦ത
𝑦ത = 305 mm
300 mm IN.A = Ic.g +Ad2
20 mm
IN.A x = 300 (20)3+ 300(20)(410-305)2
12
+ 15(400)3 + 10(400)(305-200)2
x 12
400 mm = 190.45x106 mm4

𝑦ത = 305 mm 1) fb = My = 200x106 (400-305) = 99.76 MPa

I 190.45x106

2) fb = My = 200x106 (420-305) = 120.77 MPa

I 190.45x106
15 mm
3) fb = My = 200x106 (305) = 320.29 MPa
I 190.45x106
A 12 m simply supported beam shown carries a load of 10 kN/m. 3m 3m
1. Calculate the bending stress 250 mm from the N.A at point A.
10 kN/m
2. Calculate the maximum bending stress at point A .
3. Calculate the bending stress 250 mm from the N.A at point B. A B
4. Calculate the maximum bending stress at point B .
R R
500 mm

550 mm
N.A 500 mm

460 mm
Shear Stress
REVIEW INNOVATIONS
Shear stress - shear is applied force that tends to
cause an opposite but parallel sliding motion of the
planes of an object. .
Shear stress formula b

A
𝑉𝑄
𝑓𝑣 =
𝐼𝑏 y

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: N.A
V – shear force

Q – first moment of area (A x distance)

I – Moment of inertia of entire section

b – width
A beam has a width of 100 mm and a depth of 400 mm. It carries a maximum shear of
100 kN.
1. Calculate the shear stress 75 mm from the N.A.
2. Calculate the shear stress 125 mm from the N.A.
3. Calculate the maximum shear stress.
4. Calculate the shear stress at the top 75 mm
125 mm
V = 100 kN
IN.A = Ic.g +Ad2 125 mm
75 mm
IN.A x = 100 (400)3 = 533.33x106 mm4 N.A 400 mm
12
1)
Q = Ay = 100(125)(75 + 125/2) = 1718750 mm3
fv = VQ = 100x10 (1718750) = 3.22 MPa
3

Ib 533.33x106 (100)
2) 3) 100 mm 4)
fv = 0
Q = Ay = 100(75)(125 + 75/2) = 1218750 mm3 Q = Ay = 100(200)(200/2) = 2000000 mm3

fv = VQ = 100x10 (1218750) = 2.29 MPa

3
fv = VQ = 100x103 (2000000) = 3.75 MPa
Ib 533.33x106(100) Ib 533.33x106(100)
 A given beam has a maximum shear of 400 kN. IN.A = Ic.g +Ad2
1. Calculate the shear stress at the bottom.
2. Calculate the shear stress at B of the flange. IN.A x = 250 (25)3 + 250(25)(212.5)2 + 20 (400)3
3. Calculate the shear stress at B of the web. 12 12
4. Calculate the maximum shear stress. + 250 (25)3 + 250(25)(212.5)2 = 671.77x106 mm4
12
or alternate solution:
250 mm IN.A x = 250 (450)3 -230 (400)3 = 671.77x106 mm4
25 mm 12 12

B 1) fv = 0
2) Q = Ay = 250(25)(200 + 25/2) = 1328125 mm3

A VQ
400x103 (1328125)
400 mm fv = = 6(250)
= 3.16 MPa
x Ib 671.77x10
3) VQ 400x103 (1328125) = 39.54 MPa
fv = =
Ib 671.77x106(20)
4) Q = Ay = 250(25)(200 + 25/2) + 200(20)(200/2) = 1728125 mm3
VQ 400x103 (1728125)
25 mm fv = = 6(20)
= 51.45 MPa
Ib 671.77x10
20 mm
A given beam has a maximum shear of 200 kN-m. Varignon’s Theorem:
1. Calculate the maximum shearing stress.
A1y1 + A2y2 + A3y3 + … = ATOTAL 𝑦ത
25(400)(512.5) +500(20)(250) = (400x25+500x20) 𝑦ത
𝑦ത = 381.25 mm
400 mm IN.A = Ic.g +Ad2
25 mm
IN.A x = 400 (25)3+ 400(250)(512.5-381.25)2
12
118.75 mm
x
+ 20(500)3 + 20(500)(381.25-250)2
12
500 mm = 2.10x109 mm4
1) Q = Ay = 381.25(20) (381.25/2) = 1453515.625 mm3
𝑦ത = 381.25 mm
Q = Ay = 400(25)(118.75 + 25/2)
+ (118.75)(20)(118.75/2) = 1453515.625 mm3

VQ 200x103 (1453515.625)
20 mm fv = = 9 (20)
= 6.92 MPa
Ib 2.10x10
 A 8 m simply supported beam shown carries a load of 10 kN/m.
2m 2m
1. Calculate the maximum shear stress at point A.
10 kN/m
2. Calculate the maximum shear stress at point B .
3. Calculate the maximum shear stress at support . A B

ΣFv = 0 2R -10(8) = 0 R = 40 kN R R
VA = 40 -10(2) = 20 kN-m VB = 40 -10(4) = 0 Vsupport = 40 kN 400 mm

IN.A = Ic.g +Ad2

IN.A x = 400 (600)3 - 360(560)3 = 1.93152x109 mm4 600 mm

12 12
N.A 560 mm
Q = Ay = 400(300) (300/2) - 360(280)(280/2)
= 3888000 mm3
1) VQ 20 x103 (3888000) = 1.01 MPa
fv = = 360 mm
Ib 1.93152x109 (40)
2)
fv = 0
3) VQ 40 x103 (3888000) = 2.01 MPa
fv = =
Ib 1.93152x109 (40)