Here is a possible synopsis of a project on smart garbage monitoring system with

some additional features.

1. Abstract
The project aims to design and implement a smart garbage monitoring system that can
automatically detect the level and type of waste in a bin, and perform UV
sanitization, vehicle tracking, and automatic door opening functions. The system
consists of two bins, one for wet waste and one for dry waste, that are equipped
with ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, UV lamps, RFID tags, and GSM modules. The
system can communicate with a central server and a mobile application to provide
real-time information on the waste status and location, and alert the authorities
when the bins are full or need maintenance. The system can also segregate the waste
into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories, and sanitize the bins using UV
light to prevent the spread of diseases and odors. The system can improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of waste management and disposal, and contribute to a
cleaner and healthier environment.

2. Introduction
Waste management is one of the major challenges faced by urban areas, especially in
developing countries. According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB),
India generates about 62 million tonnes of municipal solid waste per year, out of
which only 43 million tonnes are collected and 11.9 million tonnes are treated. The
rest of the waste is dumped in landfills or open spaces, causing environmental and
health hazards. Some of the problems associated with improper waste management are:

- Pollution of air, water, and soil due to the emission of greenhouse gases, toxic
leachates, and foul odors from the decomposing waste.
- Spread of infectious diseases and pests due to the exposure of waste to animals
and humans.
- Loss of valuable resources and energy that could be recovered from the waste
through recycling or composting.
- Inefficiency and high cost of waste collection and transportation due to the lack
of proper monitoring and planning.

To address these problems, there is a need for a smart and sustainable waste
management system that can monitor, segregate, sanitize, and dispose of the waste
in an optimal manner. The proposed project is an attempt to design and implement
such a system using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and some additional
features.

3. Literature Review
Several studies and projects have been conducted on the development and
implementation of smart garbage monitoring systems using IoT technology. Some of
the notable examples are:

- Smart Garbage Monitoring System Using Internet of Things (IOT) by Kousheek

Chakraborty and Satya Schiavina (2016) ¹. This project used an Arduino Uno board,
an ultrasonic sensor, and a Wi-Fi module to measure the level of garbage in a bin
and send the data to a web page. The project also used a servo motor to open the
lid of the bin automatically when someone approaches it. The project aimed to
reduce the human effort, time, and cost involved in waste collection and disposal.
- An IoT Based Smart Garbage Monitoring and Disposal Support System by S. S. Patil
et al. (2021) ². This project used an Arduino Nano board, an ultrasonic sensor, a
GSM module, and a GPS module to measure the level of garbage in a bin and send the
data to a cloud server and a mobile application. The project also used a load cell
to measure the weight of the garbage and a buzzer to alert the user when the bin is
full. The project aimed to optimize the waste collection routes and schedules, and
provide real-time information on the waste status and location.
- Smart Garbage Bin with Waste Segregation and Sanitization by A. S. Shinde et al.
(2020) ³. This project used an Arduino Mega board, two ultrasonic sensors, two
servo motors, two UV lamps, and a GSM module to measure the level of garbage in two
bins, one for wet waste and one for dry waste, and send the data to a cloud server
and a mobile application. The project also used a moisture sensor and a color
sensor to segregate the waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories,
and sanitize the bins using UV light to kill the germs and bacteria. The project
aimed to improve the hygiene and quality of waste management and disposal.

4. Objectives
The main objectives of the project are:

- To design and implement a smart garbage monitoring system that can automatically
detect the level and type of waste in a bin, and perform UV sanitization, vehicle
tracking, and automatic door opening functions.
- To use two bins, one for wet waste and one for dry waste, that are equipped with
ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, UV lamps, RFID tags, and GSM modules.
- To communicate with a central server and a mobile application to provide real-
time information on the waste status and location, and alert the authorities when
the bins are full or need maintenance.
- To segregate the waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories, and
sanitize the bins using UV light to prevent the spread of diseases and odors.
- To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of waste management and disposal, and
contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment.

5. Components
The main components required for the project are:

- Arduino Mega board: It is the microcontroller board that controls the logic and
communication of the system. It has 54 digital input/output pins, 16 analog input
pins, 4 UARTs, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
It can be programmed using the Arduino IDE software.
- Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04): It is the sensor that measures the distance of the
garbage from the top of the bin using ultrasonic waves. It has four pins: VCC, GND,
TRIG, and ECHO. It can measure the distance from 2 cm to 400 cm with an accuracy of
3 mm. It operates on 5V DC power supply and consumes 15 mA current.
- Servo motor (SG90): It is the motor that rotates the lid of the bin according to
the signal from the Arduino board. It has three wires: red (power), black (ground),
and yellow (signal). It can rotate from 0 to 180 degrees with a torque of 1.8 kg-
cm. It operates on 4.8V to 6V DC power supply and consumes 10 mA current.
- UV lamp: It is the lamp that emits ultraviolet light to sanitize the bin and kill
the germs and bacteria. It has two wires: positive and negative. It operates on 12V
DC power supply and consumes 3W power.
- RFID tag: It is the tag that stores the unique identification number of the bin.
It has a coil and a chip. It operates on 125 kHz frequency and can be read by an
RFID reader.
- GSM module (SIM900A): It is the module that enables the communication between the
system and the central server and the mobile application using the GSM network. It
has a SIM card slot and a serial interface. It operates on 3.4V to 4.5V DC power
supply and consumes 1A current.
- GPS module (NEO-6M): It is the module that determines the location of the bin
using the GPS satellites. It has a built-in antenna and a serial interface. It
operates on 3.3V to 5V DC power supply and consumes 45 mA current.
- LCD display (16x2): It is the display that shows the status of the system, such
as the level and type of waste, the sanitization mode, and the vehicle tracking
mode. It has 16 pins, out of which 14 are used for data and control, and 2 are used
for backlight. It operates on 5V DC power supply and consumes 1.5 mA current.
- Buzzer: It is the device that produces a sound to alert the user when the bin is
full or needs maintenance. It has two wires: positive and negative. It operates on
5V DC power supply and consumes 30 mA current.
- LED: It is the device that indicates the power and status of the system. It has
two wires: positive and negative. It operates on 5V DC power supply and consumes 20
mA current.
- Resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, switches, wires, breadboard, etc.:
They are the other electronic components that are used for connecting and
controlling the system.

6. Proposed Methodology
The proposed methodology for the project is as follows:

- The system consists of two bins, one for wet waste and one for dry waste, that
are equipped with ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, UV lamps, RFID tags, and GSM
modules. The system is powered by a 12V battery and regulated by a 5V voltage
regulator. The system is controlled by an Arduino Mega board that is programmed
using the Arduino IDE software.
- The ultrasonic sensors are placed on the top of the bins to measure the distance
of the garbage from the top. The distance is converted into the percentage of the
bin filled and displayed on the LCD screen. The Arduino board also sends the data
to the central server and the mobile application using the GSM module. The central
server and the mobile application can monitor the status and location of the bins
in real time.
- The servo motors are attached to the lids of the bins to open and close them
automatically. The Arduino board triggers the servo motors to open the lids when
the ultrasonic sensors detect an object within a certain range, such as a human
hand. The lids close automatically after a certain time or when the object is
removed. The servo motors also prevent the lids from opening when the bins are full
or under sanitization mode.
- The UV lamps are placed inside the bins to sanitize them and kill the germs and
bacteria. The Arduino board activates the UV lamps periodically or manually using a
switch. The UV lamps emit ultraviolet

Source: Conversation with Bing, 4/12/2023

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