UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th

1. Write true or false. Correct the false sentences.

a) The Milky Way is a spherical galaxy. True / False

_____________________________________________________________________________________

b) The Sun is made of rock. True / False

_____________________________________________________________________________________

c) The Moon orbits the Earth. True / False

_____________________________________________________________________________________

d) The Earth has one moon. True / False

_____________________________________________________________________________________

e) The Earth revolves on its axis. True / False

_____________________________________________________________________________________

f) The Solar System has seven planets. True / False

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2 Write definitions.

a) star: ___________________________________________________________________________
b) asteroid: ________________________________________________________________________
c) comet: __________________________________________________________________________
d) meteor: _________________________________________________________________________
e) planet: __________________________________________________________________________
f) galaxy: __________________________________________________________________________

3. Answer the questions.

a) What does the Big Bang theory tell us about the origins of the Universe?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
b) What does the Milky Way look like? ______________________________________________________
c) What astronomical objects can be found in our Solar System?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th

4. Read about the Milky Way. Answer the questions.

The galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way. It is a large spiral galaxy with several ‘arms’ made
up of about 100 thousand million stars and their solar systems. The Solar System is about halfway
between the centre of the galaxy and the furthest arm.
The Milky Way spins around. It takes about 200 million years to complete one rotation.
Scientists don’t know much about the centre of the galaxy, because there is a huge cloud of dust
between the Earth and the centre of the galaxy. This dust cloud blocks our view, making it difficult
to see what is behind it.

a) What’s the name of the galaxy that the Solar System belongs to?

_______________________________________________________________

b) How many stars are there in this galaxy?

_______________________________________________________________

c) Where is the Solar System in the Milky Way?

_______________________________________________________________

d) How long does the Milky Way take to rotate?

_______________________________________________________________

e) Why don’t scientists know exactly what is at the centre of the galaxy?

_______________________________________________________________

5. Listen and write true or false.

a) Asteroids orbit the Earth. _______________

b) There are two asteroid belts in the Solar System. _______________

c) Comets orbit the Sun. _______________

d) Comets usually have several tails. _______________

e) Meteors are asteroids that have broken up. _______________

f) A meteor that lands on Earth is called a meteorite. _______________

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UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th

6. Write the names of the planets in order from the nearest to the Sun.
1. ________Mercury___________ 2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________
5. ____________________________ 6. ____________________________
7. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________

7. Complete the sentences about the Universe.

a) The Universe is __________________________________________________________________.

b) It’s made up of ___________________________________________________________________.

c) Scientists believe that the Universe began with __________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

d) Galaxies are classified by their shape. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is an example of a ____________
_______________________ galaxy.

e) Asteroids are ____________________________________________________________________.

8. Match the astronomical objects to their definitions.

9. Label the planets in our Solar System.

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UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th

10. Match to make sentences.

11. Use the words in the box to complete the sentences.

the Earth mantle Milky Way Neptune Venus revolution

a) Our Solar System is found in the galaxy.

b) The inner planets are Mercury, Earth and Mars.

c) The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and .

d) The Earth has four layers: the crust, the ____________________, the outer core and the inner core.

d) The Earth orbits the Sun. This movement is called .

e) The Moon takes 28 days to orbit the .

12. Choose the correct answer.

a) What causes it to be day on one side of Earth and night on the other?

1) The rotation of the Earth 2) The revolution of the Earth around the Sun

b) What causes the seasons?

1) The rotation of the Earth 2) The revolution of the Earth around the Sun

c) Why are the seasons different in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

1) Because the axis is inclined. 2) Because the Earth takes 365 to orbit the Sun.

d) Why does the appearance of the Moon change?

1) Because it’s fixed in one place. 2) Because it orbits the Earth.

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 UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th

13. Complete the sentences.

a) The Earth moves in two ways: __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
b) Day and night are caused by ___________________________________________________________.
c) The seasons are caused by ____________________________________________________________.
d) In the Northern Hemisphere, summer begins on the _________________________________, when the
Northern Hemisphere is inclined towards the Sun and gets more sunlight.
14. Label the diagram.
spring equinox autumn equinox winter solstice summer solstice

15. Draw and label four phases of the Moon.

___________________________ ____________________________

___________________________ ____________________________
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UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th

16. True or false? Correct the false sentences.

a) The Earth’s orbit is circular. It is always at the same distance from the Sun. True / False
_____________________________________________________________________________________
b) In the summer, the days are longer, and the nights are shorter. True / False
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c) In Spain, the summer solstice is on the 21st March. True / False
_____________________________________________________________________________________
d) When it’s summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it’s spring in the Southern Hemisphere. True / False
_____________________________________________________________________________________

17. Label the diagram. Write the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere and label rotation and
revolution.

18. Classify the terms into rotation or revolution.

axis orbits seasons day and night Sun rotates

Rotation Revolution

_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________

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UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th

19. Complete the texts.

Rotation
The Earth rotates in an a______-c_______________ direction on an imaginary line called the
a__________ that runs from the N__________ P_________ to the S___________ P__________. It
takes ______ h__________ for the Earth to complete one rotation. This movement causes
d_______ and n_______.

Revolution
The Earth also ________ the _______. It takes about ________ d_________ to complete one
revolution. This movement causes the four s___________. When it’s summer in the
N_________________ H________________, it’s winter in the S_________________
H__________________.

20. Order the phases of the Moon.

Third quarter First quarter

Full moon New moon

21. Find five incorrect words in the text. Circle them, then write the correct words.

The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of four layers: the troposphere, Corrections:

the stratosphere and the ionosphere. The ionosphere is the closest 1. ________________________
layer of the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface. It contains water and
2. ________________________
is where the weather occurs. It’s about 15 km thick. The troposphere
3. ________________________
includes the ozone layer, which protects life on Earth. It’s about 50
km thick. Finally, the ionosphere reflects radio waves to other parts 4. ________________________

of the Sun. It’s about 530km thick, but it doesn’t have much air. 5. ________________________

22. Complete the sentences.

a) The Earth’s internal layers include ___________________________________________________.

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UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th
b) The layers of the atmosphere are ____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

23. Which is the odd one out? Say why.

a) the Moon Mercury Saturn the Earth
Because _____________________________________________________________________________
b) first quarter equinox third quarter full moon
Because _____________________________________________________________________________
c) crust mantle core ionosphere
Because _____________________________________________________________________________
24. Read and write the names of the layers.

the inner core the outer core the crust the mantle the
troposphere the stratosphere the ionosphere

__________________________: It’s the closest layer of the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface. It
contains air and is where the weather occurs.

__________________________: This is the upper area of the atmosphere. It reflects radio waves
to other parts of the Earth. It doesn’t have much air.

__________________________: This layer contains magma – which is liquid, made of melted

iron.
__________________________: This layer includes the ozone layer, which protects life on Earth.

__________________________: This layer is made of melted iron and other metals.

__________________________: This is a layer of solid rock. It covers the surface of the Earth,
even when it’s under the seas and oceans.
__________________________: Although they don’t know for sure, scientists think this layer is
solid and made of different metals, such as iron.

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UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th
25.Label the Earth’s layers.

26. Complete these sentences.

a) Globes imitate ______________________________________________________.

b) Distances on globes _________________________________________________.

c) A plan is __________________________________________________________.

d) A globe is a three-dimensional _________________________________________.

e) A map is a two-dimensional ___________________________________________.

27. What do relief maps show? What do colours on them represent?

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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UNIT 1 PLANET EARTH AND ITS REPRESENTATION SOCIAL SCIENCE 5th
28. What do political maps show? What do colours on them represent?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

29. What do these sentences refer to?

a) We use them when we want to locate a point on the Earth’s surface with accuracy. ______________
______________________________
b) They go from the North Pole to the South Pole. ____________________________________________

c) It is at 0° longitude. __________________________________________________________________

d) They measure the distance from the Equator in degrees. _____________________________________

30. The Earth or the Sun? Write in the correct side.

A. It has an atmosphere. B. It has a solid crust. C. It’s a star.
D. It’s made of hot gases. E. It’s a planet. F. It has a liquid outer core.

The Sun: The Earth:

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