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    Subgroups of S5

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    aye pyone
    1) The document summarizes sub groups of the symmetric group S5. 2) It defines S5 as the group of permutations of 5 elements and introduces some of its sub groups including those of order 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 24, and 60. 3) Examples of sub groups are given for various orders along with some of their properties.

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    Subgroups of S5

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    aye pyone
    56 views4 pages
    1) The document summarizes sub groups of the symmetric group S5. 2) It defines S5 as the group of permutations of 5 elements and introduces some of its sub groups including those of order 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 24, and 60. 3) Examples of sub groups are given for various orders along with some of their properties.

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    1) The document summarizes sub groups of the symmetric group S5. 2) It defines S5 as the group of permutations of 5 elements and introduces some of its sub groups including those of order 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 24, and 60. 3) Examples of sub groups are given for various orders along with some of their properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    56 views4 pages

    Subgroups of S5

    Uploaded by

    aye pyone
    1) The document summarizes sub groups of the symmetric group S5. 2) It defines S5 as the group of permutations of 5 elements and introduces some of its sub groups including those of order 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 24, and 60. 3) Examples of sub groups are given for various orders along with some of their properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Jornal of kerbala university , vol. 10 no.3 scientific .

    2012

    Sub groups of a Symmetric group (S5 , o)


    Muhammad Hassan Sallomi Hussein Abed Al Hussein Abbas
    Department of Mathematics Department of Mathematics
    College of Education of pure science College of Education of pure science
    Karbala University Karbala University
    Enaam Hadi Abd
    Department of Computer
    College of Sciences
    Karbala University

    Abstract;
    This research deal with a form of elements of(S5 , o), and introduce some sub groups
    of symmetric group (S5 , o), also introduce some examples, results and properties about this
    symmetric group.
    :‫المستخلص‬
    ‫تم في هذا البحث التعامل مع السمرة التناظريت زمرة التباديل لخمست عناصر بتقذيم عناصرها كاملت مع القوانين التي‬
    .‫تحذد العناصر وكذلك السمر الجسئيت من هذة السمرة مع تقذيم بعض االمثلت والنتائج حول الموضوع‬

    Introduction;
    In mathematics, the symmetric group on a set is the group consisting of all bijections of the
    set (all one-to-one and onto functions) from the set to itself with function composition as the group
    operation, and denoted Sn.
    The symmetric group is important to diverse areas of mathematics such as Galois theory,
    invariant theory, the representation theory of Lie groups, and combinatory. Cayley's theorem
    states that every group G is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group on G.
    The symmetric group on a set of n elements has order n!. It is abelian if and only if n ≤ 2. For
    n = 0 and n = 1 (the empty set and the singleton set) the symmetric group is trivial (note that this
    agrees with 0! = 1! = 1), and in these cases the alternating group equals the symmetric group,
    rather than being an index two subgroups.
    The symmetric group on a set of size n is the Galois group of the general polynomial of
    degree n and plays an important role in Galois theory. In the representation theory of Lie groups,
    the representation theory of the symmetric group plays a fundamental role through the ideas of
    Schur functors. In the theory of Coxeter groups, the symmetric group is the Coxeter group of type
    An and occurs as the Weyl group of the general linear group. In combinatorics, the symmetric
    groups, their elements (permutations). Subgroups of symmetric groups are called permutation
    groups and are widely studied because of their importance in understanding group actions,
    homogenous spaces, and automorphism groups of graphs.

    1)Some definitions and elementary things:


    Definition(1-1): Let Sn is the set of all mappings of to itself, is a group called symmetric
    group with n elements in it.
    Theorem (2-1): (Cayley’s Theorem). Every group of order n is isomorphic to a subgroup of
    (Sn , o).

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    Jornal of kerbala university , vol. 10 no.3 scientific . 2012

    Definition(3-1): Let be the set of all maps from the five elements set {1, 2, 3,4,5} to itself, (S5 ,
    o) is a symmetric group under the operations of composition of maps 'o'.
    Remarks(4-1);
    1) (S5 , o) is not commutative group.
    2) The symmetric group (S5 , o) is the group of all permutations of 5 elements. It has 5!=120
    elements .
    3) There are subgroups of (S5 , o), including the group itself and the small subgroups.

    Example(5-1):
    The group (A5 , o) , which has order 60 .
    Let p = 4 , q = 3.5 = 15 , clear 4†15
    60 = 4. 15 = 4.3.5
    have subgroups of order 4 , 3 and 5 .

    Definition(5-1): Let be the set of all maps from the five elements set to itself, is a symmetric
    group under the operations of composition of maps 'o'.
    S5 ={ i,(14),(24),(12)(34),(254),(12543),(35),(125),(123),(132), (1243)
    (124),(243),(134),(142),(234),(253),(135),(13)(24),(32)(14),(25)(34),(35)(24),(12)(35),(13)(25),(34)
    ,(14)(25),(42)(15),(13)(45), (14)(35),(43)(15),
    (32)(15),(15),(14352),(14325),(15234),(15243),(15324),(15342),(15423)
    (15432),(23)(45),(12)(45),(13245),(35)(142),(2345),(145), (13425), (45)
    (13452),(13524),(13542),(12453),(12435),(12534),(14235),(14253), (23),
    (14532),(14523),(12345),(12354),(13254),(12)(345),(12)(354),(13)(245),(13)(254),(14)(532),(2435)
    ,(25)(134),(35)(124),(25),(154), (153), (152),
    (245),(354),(23)(154),(24)(135),(25)(143),(14)(235),(45)(132),(143) ,(12)
    (15)(243),(15)(234),(23)(145),(24)(153),(45)(123),(345),(152)(34), (125)
    (34),(2354),(3245),(3254),(4253),(345),(235),(1234),(1324),(1342),(13),
    (1423),(1432),(1253),(1254),(1523),(1532),(1425),(1452),(1524),(1542),
    (1235),(1354),(1435),(1453),(1534),(1543),(1345),(1325),(1352),(1245)}
    Remarks(6-1);
    (S5 , o) is a group. The elements with identity of (S5 , o) of the form
    1) n=5 , r=2 , n−r=3 (nǃ/r(n−r)ǃ) = 10 cycle of two elements.
    2) n=5 , r=3 , n−r=2 (nǃ/r(n−r)ǃ) = 20 cycle of tree elements.
    3) n=5 , r=4 , n−r=1 (nǃ/r(n−r)ǃ) = 30 cycle of four elements.
    There are 30/2=15 cycle of 2×2elements.
    4) n=5 , r=5 , n−r=0 (nǃ/r(n−r)ǃ) = 24 cycle of five elements.
    There are (24/2) + (24/3)=20 cycle of 2×3elements.

    Some sub groups of a group (S5 , o) :


    1) There are two sub groups of a group (S5 , o) which are:
    (S5 , o), ({i} , o)
    2)The sub groups of (S5 , o) which has two elements are
    ({i,(12) } , o), {i,(12)(34) } ,o), ( {i,(12)(35) } ,o), ({i,(13) } ,o),( 6) } ,o), ( {i,(12)(45) } ,o),
    ({i,(13)(25) } ,o), ( {i,(13)(45) } ,o), ({i,(15) } , o), ({i,(14)(35) } ,o), ( {i,(13)(24) } ,o),
    ({i,(23) }, o) ( {i,(23)(54) } ,o), {i,(23)(14)} ,o),({i,(14)(25) },o) , ({i,(35) }, o), ({i,(24) }, o),
    ({i,(45) }, o)
    ( ({i,(25) } , o),( {i,(23)(15) } ,o) , ( {i,(15)(24) } ,o), ({i,(15)(34)} ,o), ( {i,(24)(35) } ,o), (
    {i,(25)(34) } ,o), ({i,(34)},o),
    3)The sub groups of (S5 , o) which has three elements are;
    ({i,(123),(132)} ,o) , ({i,(124),(142)} ,o) , ({i,(134),(143)} ,o),
    ({i,(234),(243)} ,o), ({i,(235),(253)} ,o), ({i,(345),(354)} ,o),

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    Jornal of kerbala university , vol. 10 no.3 scientific . 2012

    ({i,(245),(254)} ,o), ({i,(125),(152)} ,o) , ({i,(145),(154)} ,o),


    ({i,(135),(153)} ,o).
    4)The sub groups of (S5 , o) which has four elements are
    {i,(12),(34) ,(12)(34) } ,o), ( {i,(12),(35), (12)(35) } ,o), {,( {i,(12),(45) (12)(45)} ,o),
    ({i,(13),(25), (13)(25)} ,o), {i,(13),(45), (13)(45) } ,o),( ( {, ({i,(14),(35) ,(14)(35) } ,o),
    {i,(13),(24), (13)(24)} ,o), {i,(23),(54) ,(23)(54) } ,o), {i,(23),(14) ,(23)(14) } ,o),( {i,(14),(25),
    (14)(25) } ,o),( {i,(23),(15) ,(23)(15)} ,o) , ({i,(15),(24), (15)(24)} ,o), ,({i,(15),(34) ,(15)(34) }
    ,o), ( {i,(24),(35), (24)(35)} ,o), ( {i,(25),(34), (25)(34)} ,o),
    5)The sub groups of (S5 , o) which has six elements are;
    ({ i,(23),(24),(34),(234),(243)},o) , ({i,(25),(35),(23),(235)(253)},o)
    ({i,(25),(45),(24),(254),(245)},o), ({i,(12),(14),(24),(124),(142)},o)
    ({i,(15),(25),(12),(125),(152)},o), ({i,(13),(14),(34),(134),(143)},o),
    ({i,(15),(35),(13),(135),(153)},o) , ({i,(14),(15),(45),(145),(154)},o) ,
    ({i,(12),(13),(23),(123),(132)},o), ({i,(15),(25),(12),(125),(152)},o),
    6)The sub groups of (S5 , o) which has eight elements are;
    ({i,(1234),(13)(24),(1432),(13),(24),(12)(34),(14)(23) } ,o).
    ({i,(2345),(24)(35),(2543),(24),(35),(23)(45),(25)(34) } ,o).
    ({i,(1245),(14)(25),(1542),(14),(25),(12)(45),(15)(24) } ,o).
    ({i,(1345),(14)(35),(1543),(14),(35),(13)(45),(15)(34) } ,o).
    ({i,(1235),(13)(25),(1532),(13),(25),(12)(35),(15)(23) } ,o).
    7)The sub groups of (S5 , o) which has twelve elements are;
    ({i,(1234),(13)(24),(1432),(13),(24),(12)(34),(14)(23),(12),(34),(14),(23) } ,o).
    ({i,(2345),(24)(35),(2543),(24),(35),(23)(45),(25)(34),(23),(45),
    (25),(34) } ,o). ({i,(1245),(14)(25),(1542),(14),(25),(12)(45),(15)(24),
    (12),(45),(15),(24)} ,o) .({i,(1345),(14)(35),(1543),(14),(35),(13)(45),
    (15)(34),(13),(45),(15),(34)} ,o). ({i,(1235),(13)(25),(1532),(13),(25)
    ,(12)(35),(15)(23), (12),(35),(15),(23)} ,o)
    8)The sub groups of (S5 , o) which has fifteen elements are;
    ({i,(1234),(13)(24),(1432),(13),(24),(12)(34),(14)(23),(12),(34),(14),(23) (13),(24), (1324)} ,o).
    ({i,(2345),(24)(35),(2543),(24),(35),(23)(45),(25)
    (34),(23),(45),(25),(34), (24),(35), (2435) } ,o). ({i,(1245),(14)(25),(1542)
    ,(14),(25),(12)(45),(15)(24),(12),(45),(15),(24, (14),(25) ,(1425))} ,o)
    .({i,(1345),(14)(35),(1543),(14),(35),(13)(45),(15)(34),(13),(45),(15),(34), (14),(35) ,(1435)} ,o).
    ({i,(1235),(13)(25),(1532),(13),(25),(12)(35),
    (15)(23), (12),(35),(15),(23), (13),(25), (1325)} ,o).
    9)The sub groups of a group (S5 , o) with order 24 are:
    { i,(12),(13),(23),(14),(24),(34),(123),(132),(124), (243),(134),(143),(12)
    ,(34),(13)(24),(32)(14),(1234),(1243),(142),(234),(1324),(1342),(1423),
    (1432)}, o). { i,(12),(13),(23),(15),(25),(35),(123),(132),(125), (253)
    ,(135),(153),(12),(35),(13)(25),(32)(15),(1235),(1253),(152),(235),(1325)
    ,(1352),(1523),(1532)}, o). {i,(12),(14),(24),(15),(25),(45)
    ,(124),(142),(125), (254),(145),(154),(12),(45),(14)(25),(42)(15),(1245),
    (1254),(152),(245),(1425),(1452),(1524),(1542)},o) {i,(13),(14),(34)
    ,(15),(35),(45),(134),(143),(135), (354),(145),(154),(45),(14)(35),(43)(15)
    ,(1345),(1354),(153),(345),(1435),(1453), (1543)(1534), (13)}, o).
    { i,(23),(24),(25),(34),(35),(45),(234),(243),(235),(253),(245),(254)
    ,(23),(45),(24)(35),(43)(25),(2345),(2354),(253),(235)(2435),(2453),
    (2534),(2543)},o)
    10)The sub groups of a group (S5 , o)with order 60 are:
    1) {i,(12)(34),(125),(123), (124),(243),(134),(142),(234),(253),(135),
    (153),(152),(245),(354),(143),(235),(254),(145),(154),(345),(13)(24),

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    Jornal of kerbala university , vol. 10 no.3 scientific . 2012

    (32)(14),(25)(34),(35)(24),(12)(35),(13)(25),(12)(45),(14)(25),(42)(15),
    (13)(45),(14)(35),(43)(15),(15)(23),(23)(45),(14352),(14325),(15234),
    (15243),(15324),(15342),(15423),(13425),(13452),(13524),(13542),
    (12453),(12435),(12534),(12543),(14235),(14253),(14532),(14523),
    (12345),(12354),(13254),(13245),(132)}

    References:
    1) Cameron, Peter J. Permutation Groups, London Mathematical Society Student Texts, 45,
    Cambridge University Press, (1999).
    2) Dixon, John D. Mortimer, Brian, Permutation groups, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 163,
    Berlin, New York : Springer-Overflag, (1996).
    3)Durbin; John, R, Modern Algebra An Introduction, Replica Press, Pvt. Ltd, India , (2005).
    4) Hungerford, T, W, Algebra, Springer overlarge, New York, Heidelberg , (1974).
    5) Jacobson, Nathan, Basic algebra, 1 (2nd ed.), Dover, (2009).
    6) Scott, W.R., Group Theory, New York: Dover Publications , (1987).

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