Water Distribution & Drainage in Multistoried Building

WATER SUPPLY
&
WASTE MANAGEMENT
AP-227
❑ Water Distribution in multistoried building
❑ Drainage system in multistoried building
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN MULTI-
STORIED BUILDING
There are four basic methods of distribution of water
to a multistoried buildings.
1. Direct supply from mains

2. Gravity distribution system
3. Hydro-Pneumatic Systems
4. Combined distribution system
Direct supply system from mains
• This system is adopted when

adequate pressure is available
in the mains to supply water at
adequate pressure at the
topmost floor.
• With limited pressure available
in most city mains, water from
direct supply is normally not
available above two or three
floors.
Gravity distribution system
• This system can be adopted for taller buildings in

gated communities or large campuses by
incorporating design parameters such as elevated
centralized water tank(s)
• This is the most common water distribution
system.
• The system comprises pumping water to one or

more overhead water tanks.
• Water transferred to overhead tank(s) is

distributed by gravity to various parts of the
building by the system of piping network.
Pressurized Distribution System (Hydro-
pneumatic Pumping System)
• Hydro-pneumatic system is a variation of direct pumping
system in which an air-tight pressure vessel is installed on the
line to regulate the operation of the pumps.
• The system shall have reliable power supply to avoid

breakdown in the water supply.
• Eliminates the need for an over head tank
• Supply water at a much higher pressure than

available from overhead tanks
• Even distribution of water at all floors

Combined distribution system
• In this system, a combination of gravity and pressurized distribution

is adopted.
• A few upper floors are provided with a pressure booster pumping
system to achieve the desired residual pressure.
• while the lower floors are fed by gravity supply.
Hot water supply system
Types of Hot
Water Supply
System
Localised Centralised Others
Instantaneous
Direct Indirect Solar heating
single points
Storage type Electric water Gas storage Boiler-cylinder Instantaneous With expansion
single points heating heaters system system vessel
The multi-port Vented storage
The water-
Unvented
jacketed tube
storage
heater
The combined
primary storage
unit
Localized Hot Water Distribution System
• A single-point heater located above a sink that heats up

water.
• Heat up using gas and electricity
• Two main types, i.e.:
1. Instantaneous Single Points
▪ Does not require storage area
▪ Heating process begins when desired
2. Storage Type Single Points

▪ Have a capacity of no more than 15 litres
▪ Heated by electric element until water has expanded enough to
discharge from discharge spout
CENTRALIZED HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• Water is heated in a hot storage vessel, boiler or small gas circulator
• Connected by supply pipe work and circulatory pipework
• Water temperature in storage vessel should not exceed 60ºC
• Two main types, i.e.:

• Direct Hot Water Supply -The water is heated directly from the heat source either by an
immersion heater or by the boiler.
• Indirect Hot Water Supply- The central heating and the hot water are separate.
The water is heated via a coil (heat exchanger) from a boiler. ... It helps the system cope
with the expansion of water in the system.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Network of pipes that transport wastewater and sewer gases from the building
▪ Drain Pipe – A pipe that carries wastewater in a building
▪ Vent Pipe – A vertical pipe that provides circulation of air to and from the
drainage system
▪ Trap – A fitting (usually U-shaped) that provides a seal to prevent the flow
of sewer gases
▪ Stack – A vertical pipe (waste or vent) that extends through at least one
story
▪ Cleanout – An access opening to allow cleanout of the pipe
▪ Waste Pipe – any pipe that receives the discharge of any fixtures, except
water closets or similar fixtures and conveys the same to the house drain or
soil or waste stack.
▪ Soil Pipe – A pipe that conveys the discharge of water closets or fixtures
having similar functions, with or without the discharges from other fixtures.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
▪ Sewage – Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable
matter, including liquids containing chemicals
▪ Sanitary Sewer – A sewer pipe that carries only sewage
▪ Storm Sewer – A sewer pipe that carries storm water or
other drainage (but not sewage)
▪ Building Sewer or Sewer Lateral – Part of the drainage
system from the building to the public, private, or
individual sewer disposal system
▪ Sewer Main – A sewer pipe installed and maintained by a
public entity and on public property
Toilet &
Kitchen
Sanitary
layout
Toilet &
Kitchen
Sanitary
layout
Typical drainage layout plan of a toilet
TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The system to be adopted will depend on the type and planning of the building in which it is to be installed
and will be one of the following:
1. Single Stack System

2. One pipe system
a. Partially ventilated system
b. Fully ventilated system
3. Two Pipe system
1. SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
• In the single stack system all wastes from
water closets, sinks, baths and other
fixtures are collected together and
conveyed to the underground drainage
pipes by common stacks.
• vent pipes is missing in this system.
Vent is missing
Shower
2. ONE PIPE SYSTEM W.B

Sink
W.C
Floor Finish
Combined Soil & Waste Pipe

Drainage Line
Vent Pipe
Connections Typical for all floors
External Drainage Line

2. ONE PIPE SYSTEM
• wastes from the sinks, baths and wash basins, and the
soil pipe branches are all collected into one main pipe,
which is connected, directly to the drainage system.
• All the traps of the water closets, basins, etc, are

completely ventilated to preserve the water seal.
PARTIALLY VENTILATED FULLY VENTILATED
Shower
W.B
Sink
3. TWO PIPE SYSTEM W.C
Floor Finish
Drainage Line
Waste Pipe
Vent Pipe
Vent Pipe
Soil Pipe
Connections Typical for all floors
Gulley
Trap External Drainage Line
3. TWO PIPE SYSTEM
• Soil and waste pipes are distinct and
separate.
• All traps of all appliances are

completely ventilated in this system.

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WATER SUPPLY

1. Direct supply from mains

• This system is adopted when

• This system can be adopted for taller buildings in

• The system comprises pumping water to one or

• Water transferred to overhead tank(s) is

• The system shall have reliable power supply to avoid

• Eliminates the need for an over head tank

• Supply water at a much higher pressure than

• Even distribution of water at all floors

• In this system, a combination of gravity and pressurized distribution

Localised Centralised Others

The multi-port Vented storage

• A single-point heater located above a sink that heats up

2. Storage Type Single Points

• Connected by supply pipe work and circulatory pipework

• Water temperature in storage vessel should not exceed 60ºC

• Two main types, i.e.:

▪ Drain Pipe – A pipe that carries wastewater in a building

▪ Cleanout – An access opening to allow cleanout of the pipe

1. Single Stack System

• vent pipes is missing in this system.

2. ONE PIPE SYSTEM W.B

Combined Soil & Waste Pipe

External Drainage Line

• All the traps of the water closets, basins, etc, are

3. TWO PIPE SYSTEM W.C

• All traps of all appliances are

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