Nastran Verification

SIEMENS
NX Nastran 10
Verification Manual
Contents
Proprietary & Restricted Rights Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Overview of the Verification Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Running the Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Point Load on a Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Edge Pressure on Beam Element - Torque Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Uniformly Distributed Load on Linear Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Membrane Loads on a Linear Quadrilateral Thin Shell Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Axial Loading on Rod Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Stress on a Beam as It Expands and Closes a Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Thin Shell Beam Wall in Pure Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
Strain Energy of a Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Elliptic Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Cylindrical Shell Patch Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Hemisphere-Point Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Z-Section Cantilever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Skew Plate Normal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Thick Plate Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere — Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
Normal Mode Dynamics Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3

Contents
Contents
Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Natural Frequency of Circular Ring with Axisymmetric Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Undamped Free Vibration — Single Degree of Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Two Degrees of Freedom Undamped Free Vibration — Principle Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Three Degrees of Freedom Torsional System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Cantilever Beam Undamped Free Vibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . 5-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Beam Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Pin-ended Cross — In-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Cantilever with Off-center Point Masses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Deep Simply-Supported Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Circular Ring — In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Cantilevered Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Shell Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate — Symmetric Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate — Anti-symmetric Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Free Thin Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Simply Supported Thin Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Simply Supported Thin Annular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40
Simply Supported Thick Annular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
Cantilevered Square Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45
Cantilevered Tapered Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-48
Free Annular Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-53
Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-56
Free Cylinder — Axisymmetric Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-56
Thick Hollow Sphere — Uniform Radial Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-58
Simply Supported Annular Plate — Axisymmetric Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-61
Deep Simply Supported "Solid" Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-63
Simply Supported "Solid" Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-66
Simply Supported "Solid" Annular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-70
Cantilevered Solid Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-74
4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

Contents
Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Overview of Verification Test Cases Provided by the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens . . . . . 6-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or Rod Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Grid Point Load on an Articulated CONROD Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Articulated Plane Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Beam on an Elastic Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Shell Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
Torque Loading on a Square Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32
Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35
Gravity Loading on a Thin Wall Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38
Pinched Cylindrical Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41
Spherical Shell with a Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-43
Bending Load on a Cylindrical Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-49
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-52
Shear Loading on a Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-55
Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Solid Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-57
Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-57
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-63
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Infinite Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-68
Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-73
Thick Plate Clamped at Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-77
Mechanical Structures — Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-82
Lumped Mass-Spring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-82
Short Beam on Simple Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-85
Axial Loading on a Rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-88
Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-90
Thin Circular Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-92
Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-95
Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-98
Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-101
Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-104
Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-106
Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-108
Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-111
Bending of a Symmetric Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-114
Hovgaard's Problem — Pipes with Flexible Elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-117
Rectangular Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-120

Contents
Contents
Mechanical Structures — Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis and Model Response . . . . . . . . 6-123
Transient Response of a Spring-Mass System with Acceleration Loading . . . . . . . . . . . 6-123
Transient Response of a Clamped-free Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-126
Stationary Thermal Tests — Heat Transfer Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-130
Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-130
Hollow Cylinder - Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-132
Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-135
Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-137
Wall-Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-140
Wall-Fixed Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-142
L-Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-144
Orthotropic Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-146
Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-149
Hollow Sphere with Two Materials - Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-152
Thermo-mechanical Tests — Linear Statics Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-156
Orthotropic Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-156
Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-159
Simply-Supported Arch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-162
Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . 7-1

Overview of the Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using NAFEMS Test Cases . . . . . . . 7-1
Understanding the Verification Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Plane Strain Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Plane Strain Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Plane Stress Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Plane Stress Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
Solid Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Solid Element - Isotropic Hardening Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Overview of the Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using NAFEMS Test Cases ...... . . . . . . . 8-1
Understanding the Verification Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-1
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-1
Straight Cantilever with End Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-2
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - Brick Elements . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-6
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - BEAM Elements . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-11
Lee's Frame Buckling Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-15
Large Displacement Elastic Response of a Hinged Spherical Shell Under Uniform Pressure
Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-18
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-21
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-21
6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

Proprietary & Restricted Rights Notice
© 2014 Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This software and related documentation are proprietary to Siemens Product Lifecycle Management
Software Inc. Siemens and the Siemens logo are registered trademarks of Siemens AG. NX is a
trademark or registered trademark of Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc. or its
subsidiaries in the United States and in other countries.
NASTRAN is a registered trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NX
Nastran is an enhanced proprietary version developed and maintained by Siemens Product Lifecycle
Management Software Inc.
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trademarks of MSC.Software Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
TAUCS Copyright and License
TAUCS Version 2.0, November 29, 2001. Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003 by Sivan Toledo, Tel-Aviv
University, [email protected]. All Rights Reserved.
TAUCS License:
Your use or distribution of TAUCS or any derivative code implies that you agree to this License.
THIS MATERIAL IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED. ANY USE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Permission is hereby granted to use or copy this program, provided that the Copyright, this License,
and the Availability of the original version is retained on all copies. User documentation of any code
that uses this code or any derivative code must cite the Copyright, this License, the Availability note,
and "Used by permission." If this code or any derivative code is accessible from within MATLAB, then
typing "help taucs" must cite the Copyright, and "type taucs" must also cite this License and the
Availability note. Permission to modify the code and to distribute modified code is granted, provided
the Copyright, this License, and the Availability note are retained, and a notice that the code was
modified is included. This software is provided to you free of charge.
Availability (TAUCS)
As of version 2.1, we distribute the code in 4 formats: zip and tarred-gzipped (tgz), with or without
binaries for external libraries. The bundled external libraries should allow you to build the test
programs on Linux, Windows, and MacOS X without installing additional software. We recommend
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unpacking the tgz file ensures that the configure script is marked as executable (unpack with tar
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Overview of the Verification Manual

This guide contains verification test cases for NX Nastran. These test cases verify the function of
the different NX Nastran analysis types using theoretical and benchmark solutions from well-known
engineering test cases. Each test case contains test case data and information, such as element type
and material properties, results, and references.
The guide contains test cases for:
• Linear Statics verification using theoretical solutions
• Linear Statics verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
• Normal Mode Dynamics verification using theoretical solutions
• Normal Mode Dynamics verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
• Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens
• Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks (NX Nastran
only)
• Geometric Nonlinear verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
1.2 Running the Test Cases

All verification test cases are available as *.dat files and are included in the NX Nastran installation
in the directory path install_dir/NXr/nast/demo.
The test cases are relatively simple, and most have closed-form theoretical solutions. Differences
between finite element and theoretical solutions are in most cases negligible. Some tests would
require an infinite number of elements to achieve an exact solution. Elements are chosen to achieve
reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.
Note
Actual results from NX Nastran may vary insignificantly from the results presented in this
document. This variation is generally due to different methods of performing real number
algorithms on different systems.
NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 1-1

Chapter 2: Linear Statics Verification Using
Theoretical Solutions
2.1 Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical

Solutions
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of the NX Nastran software
using theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple in form and most of them have
closed-form theoretical solutions.
The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well-known engineering texts. For each
test case, a specific reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the end of this topic.
The finite element method is very flexible in the types of physical problems represented. The
verification tests provided are not exhaustive in exploring all possible problems, but represent
common types of applications.
This overview provides information on the following:
• Understanding the test case format
• Understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions
• References
Understanding the Test Case Format

Each test case is structured with the following information.
• Test case data and information:
o Physical and material properties
o Finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints)
o Units
o Solution type
o Element type
o Boundary conditions (loads, restraints)
• Results
• References (text from which a closed-form or theoretical solution was taken)
In addition to these example problems, test cases from NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.) have been executed.

Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Solutions
Results for these test cases can be found in the next section, Linear Statics Analysis Verification
Using NAFEMS Standard Benchmarks.
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions

While differences in finite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible, some tests
would require an infinite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Elements are chosen to
achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.
Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solution.
Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoretical and finite
element solutions are carried out with the same significant digits of accuracy.
The closed-form theoretical solution may have restrictions, such as rigid connections, that do not
exist in the real world. These limiting restrictions are not necessary for the finite element model, but
are used for comparison purposes. Verification to real world problems is more difficult but should be
done when possible.
The actual results from the NX Nastran software may vary insignificantly from the results presented in
this document. This variation is due to different methods of performing real numerical arithmetic on
different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element formulations which have been made to
improve results under certain circumstances.
References
The following references have been used in the Linear Statics Analysis verification problems
presented:
1. Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.
2. Harris, C. O. Introduction to Stress Analysis. New York Macmillan1959.
3. Roark, R. and Young, W. Formulas for Stress and Strain, 5th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1975.
4. Shigley, J. and Mitchel L. Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1983.
5. Timoshenko, S. Strength of Materials, Part I, Elementary Theory and Problems. New YorK: Van
Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1955.
2.2 Test Cases
2-2 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions
Point Load on a Cantilever Beam

Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the midpoint of the beam.
Test Case Data and Information
Input Files
mstvl001.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.
Cross Sectional Properties
• Area = 30 x 30 in.
• Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4
Material Properties
• E = 30E06 psi

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
Finite Element Modeling

Create four successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.
• Loads
o Set grid force to 50,000 lb in. the -Y direction.
Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics
Results
Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Von Mises Stress, grid point 1 (psi) 5333. 5333.
Y Deflection, grid point 5 (in) 0.9102 0.9130
References
Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 716.
Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam

Determine the stress, elongation and resultant force due to an axial loading along a linear beam
element.
Input Files
mstvl002.dat
Units
Inch

Model Geometry
• Length = 300 in.

• Area = 9 in.2
• square cross section (3 in. x 3 in.)
• I = 6.75 in.4
Material Properties
• E = 30E+6 psi

Create 30 beam element along the X axis, each 10 inches long.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain one end of the beam in all six degrees.
• Loads
o Set the axial distributed load (force per unit length) to 1000 lb/in. for the 10-inch long element
furthest from the restrained end in the X direction.
The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:
Solution Type
Results

Von Mises Stress, grid point 1 (psi) 1111. 1111.

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions

Deflection in X, grid point 2 (in) 0.01111 0.01093
Reaction in X, grid point 1 (lb) –1.000E4 –1.000E4
References
Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials.. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 76.
Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam

Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the midpoint of the
beam and the reaction force at the restrained end.
Input Files
mstvl003.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.
• Area = 900 in.2
• Square cross section (30 in. x 30 in.)
• Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4

Material Properties
• E = 30E06 psi
Create eight successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
• Loads
o Define a distributed load of 250 lb/in. in the –Y direction.
Solution Type
Results

X Stress at grid point 1 (psi) 6,400. 6,383.
Deflection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) 0.8190 0.8225 *
Reaction Force Magnitude at grid point 1 (lb) 1.200E5 1.200E5
* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.
References
Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam

Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the bending stress of the beam and
the reaction force at the restrained end.

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
Input Files
mstvl004.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.

• Area = 900 in.2
• Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4
• Square cross section 30” x 30” inches
Material Properties
• E = 30 E+06 psi

Create eight successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
• Loads

o Set the Z-moment of the end grid point to 2.5E06 in.-lb.
Solution Type
Results

Von Mises Stress at grid point 1 (psi) 555.6 555.6
Deflection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) 0.1422 0.1422
Reaction Force Z Direction at grid point 1 (lb) 2.500E6 2.499E6
* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.
References
Edge Pressure on Beam Element - Torque Loading

Determine the stress, elongation and resultant force due to a torque applied to a hollow cylinder
at the free end.
Input Files
mstvl005.dat

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
Length = 1.5 m

• Radius1 = 0.02 m
• Radius2 = .03 m
Material Properties
• E = 208.6 GPa

• Create a CBAR element along the X axis.
• To find the maximum shearing stress, set the effective radius in torsion to 0.03 m.
• The minimum shearing stress is located at a radius equal to 0.02 m.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
• Loads
o Apply an edge torque equal to 4.08 kN-m along the 10 cm linear beam (CBAR) element
furthest from the restrained end.
Solution Type
Results

Max Torsional Shear Stress (MPa) 120.0 120.0
Min Torsional Shear Stress (MPa) 80.00 80.00
Post Processing
To obtain the minimum and maximum shear stress values, a post processor which supports contour
plots of the torsional shear stress on the cross section using the linear beam (CBAR) element forces
must be used. The cross section location can be anywhere except the free end of the beam.

References
Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam

A beam originally 1 meter long and at –50° C is heated to 25° C. First, determine the displacement
and thermal strain on a cantilever beam. Fix the beam at the free end and then determine the
displacement, reaction forces, and stresses along the beam. Next, fix the beam at both ends.
Input Files
mstvl007.dat
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
Length = 1 m

• Area = 0.01 m2
Material Properties
• E = 2.068E11 Pa
• Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.2E–05

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
• v = 0.3
• Create 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements on the X axis and restrain the end grids in all directions.
• Apply a temperature on all grid points.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Case 1: Restrain one end of the beam in all six directions.
o Case 2: Restrain both ends of the beam in all six directions.
• Loads
o Set grid temperatures to 25°C. Set the reference temperature to –50°C.
Solution Type
Results
Case 1

X Displacement at grid 11 (m) .0009000 .0009000
Axial Thermal Strain .0009000 .0009000
Case 2

X Displacement (m) 0 0
Axial Stress (Pa) 1.860E8 1.861E8
X Reaction Force (N) 1.860E6 1.861E6
References
Uniformly Distributed Load on Linear Beam

A beam 40 feet long is restrained and loaded as shown with a distributed load of –833 lbs. per foot.
Determine the bending stress and the deflection at the middle of the beam.

Input Files
mstvl008.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.
• Rectangular cross section (1.17 in. x 43.24 in.)
• Iz = 7892 in.4

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
Material Properties
• E = 30E06 psi
Create 4 successive linear beam (CBAR) elements that are each 10 feet long.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain the second and the fourth grids in five degrees of freedom. Do not restrain rotation
about Z.
• Loads
o Define a distributed load (force per unit length) of –833 lb/foot (global negative Y direction)
on the end elements.
Solution Type
Results

Y Displacement at grid 3 (in.) 0.1820 0.182
Max bending stress (psi) 1.644E4 1.644E4
References
Membrane Loads on a Linear Quadrilateral Thin Shell Element

A circle is scribed on an unstressed aluminum plate. Forces acting in the plane of the plate cause
normal stresses. Determine the change in the length of diameter AB and of diameter CD.

Element Types
cquad4
Input Files
mstvl009.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 15 in.
• Diameter = 9 in.
• Thickness = 3/4 in.

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
Material Properties
• E = 10E06 psi
• Poisson's ratio = 1/3
• F(x)/L = 9,000 lb/in.
• F(z)/L = 15,000 lb/in.
Create 1/4 of the model and apply symmetry boundary conditions. Then multiply the answer by 2 for
correct results. Remember to account for the ratio of the circle diameter to plate length.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
• Loads
o Set the edge pressure to 9,000 lb/in. in the X direction and 15,000 lb/in. in the Z direction.
Solution Type
Results

X Diameter Change (in.) –4.800E3 –4.800E3
Z Diameter Change (in.) –14.40E3 –14.40E3
Post Processing
• (dx at grid point 7 – dx at grid point 10) x 2 = (0.004 – 0.0016) x 2 = 0.0048
• (dz at grid point 7 – dz at grid point 24) x 2 = (0.012 –0.0048) x 2 = 0.0144
References
Axial Loading on Rod Element

Determine the stress, elongation, and strain due to an axial load on a rod element.

Input Files
mstvl011.dat
Units
SI - meters
Model Geometry
Length = 10 m
• Area = 0.01 m2
Material Properties
• E = 200.0 GPa
Create a rod (CROD) element along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain an end of the rod in the 3 translational degrees.
• Loads
o Apply a grid point force in the positive X-direction of 500 kN.
Solution Type
Results

Axial Stress (MPa) 50.00 50.00
Axial Strain 0.0002500 0.0002500
Elongation (mm) 2.500 2.500
References

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
Stress on a Beam as It Expands and Closes a Gap

Determine the stress on a beam as it expands thermally and closes a 0.002 inch gap. It is initially at
70 °F and is heated to 170 °F.
Input Files
mstvl013.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 3 in.
Material Properties
• E = 1.05E07 psi
• Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.25E–05 in./(in.–°F)

• Create a single linear beam (CBAR) element on the X axis.

• Create an MPC to define the closing of the gap.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain the free end of the beam in all six degrees.
• Loads
o Set grid temperature to 170 °F.
o Set the reference temperature to 70 °F.
Solution Type
Results

Axial Stress (psi) –6.125E3 –6.125E3
References
Harris, C. O. Introduction to Stress Analysis 1959. p. 58.
Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension

Determine the stress and deflection of a thin wall cylinder with a uniform axial load.

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
Input Files
mstvl014.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• R = 0.5 in.
• Thickness = 0.01 in.
• y = 1.0 in.
Material Properties
• E = 10,000 psi

• ν = 0.3
Create 1/4 model of the cylinder with thin shell linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements and symmetry
boundary conditions.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain edges of symmetry, in translation, in hoop direction, and rotation about Z axis.
o Restrain one end in Y direction.
Loads
o Apply membrane edge pressure of p / (pi)D = 3.1831 where p = 10 psi
Solution Type
Results

Axial (Z) Stress (psi) 1.000E3 1.000E3
Axial (Z) Deflection (in.) 1.000 1.000
Radial Deflection (in.) –0.01500 –0.01500
References
Roark, R. and Young, W. Formulas for Stress and Strain, 6th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1989. p. 518, Case 1a.
Thin Shell Beam Wall in Pure Bending

Determine the maximum stress, maximum deflection, and strain energy of a thin shell beam wall
with a uniform bending load.

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
Input Files
mstvl015.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 30 in.
• Width = 5 in.
Material Properties
• E = 30E06 psi
• ν = 0.03

Create a 30 in. x 5 in. plate with thing shell (CQUAD4) elements.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain at one of the ends in all directions.
• Loads
o Apply edge pressure of p/w = 1.2 lbs/in. where p = 6.0 lb.
Solution Type
Results

Max Z Deflection (in.) 4.320 4.264
Max Z Stress (psi) 2.160E4 1.980E4
Total Strain Energy (lb in.) 12.96 12.79
References
Shigley, J. and Mitchel L. Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.,
1983. pp. 134, 804.
Strain Energy of a Truss

Determine the strain energy of a truss. The cross-sectional area of the diagonal members is twice
the cross-sectional area of the horizontal and vertical members.

Chapter
Linear Statics
Solutions
Input Files
mstvl016.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 10 in.

• Cross-sectional area (A) = 0.01 in.2
Material Properties
• E = 30E06 psi

Create truss shown using rod (CROD) elements.
Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain far left grid in directions: X, Y, Z, RX, RY.
o Restrain far right grid in directions: Y, Z, RX, RY.
• Loads

o Apply grid force in Y direction on lower center grid; F= 300 lb.
Solution Type
Results

Total Strain Energy (lb in.) 5.846 5.846
References

Chapter 3: Linear Statics Verification Using Standard
NAFEMS Benchmarks
3.1 Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS

Benchmarks
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using standard
benchmarks published by NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards,
National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.).
These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the finite elements
in commercial software. All results obtained using NX Nastran compare favorably with other
commercial finite element analysis software.

Each test case is structured with the following information:
• Test case data and information
o Units
o Finite element modeling information
o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)
o Solution type
• Results
• Reference
Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases:
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks. Glasgow:
NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.
3.2 Test Cases

Chapter
Linear Statics
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Elliptic Membrane
This test is a linear elastic analysis of an elliptic membrane (shown below) using coarse and fine
meshes of plane stress elements and thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results
for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE1.
Ellipses:
Input Files
le101.dat (plane stress quadrilateral)

le102.dat (plane stress triangle)
le103.dat (thin shell)
Physical and Material Properties
• Thickness = 0.1 m
• Isotropic material
• E = 210E3 MPa
• v = 0.3
Units
SI

Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
• Plane stress (only MID1 defined on PSHELL) linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8)
quadrilaterals — coarse and fine mesh.
• Plane stress (only MID1 defined on PSHELL) linear (CTRI3) and parabolic (CTRI6) triangles
— coarse and fine mesh.
• Thin shell (MID1, MID2 and MID3 defined on PSHELL) linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic
(CQUAD8) quadrilaterals — coarse and fine mesh.
• The fine mesh is created by approximately halving the coarse mesh.

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• Uniform outward pressure at outer edge BC = 10 MPa
• Inner curved edge AD unloaded
• X displacement (edge AB) = 0

• Y displacement (edge CD) = 0
Solution Type
Results
Output — tangential edge stress at D (stress in Y direction)
Plane Stress Elements
Test case Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear quad — coarse mesh 4 92.7 62.1
Linear quad — fine mesh 204 92.7 79.6
Parabolic quad — coarse mesh 104 92.7 82.1

Parabolic quad — fine mesh 304 92.7 89.9
Linear triangle — coarse mesh 4 92.7 52.9
Linear triangle — fine mesh 204 92.7 70.8
Parabolic triangle — coarse mesh 104 92.7 76.8
Parabolic triangle — fine mesh 304 92.7 93.6
Thin Shell Elements
Test case Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear quad — coarse mesh 4 92.7 62.1
Linear quad — fine mesh 204 92.7 79.6
Parabolic quad — coarse mesh 104 92.7 82.1
Parabolic quad — fine mesh 304 92.7 89.9

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE1.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.
Cylindrical Shell Patch Test

This test is a linear elastic analysis of a cylindrical shell (shown below) using thin shell elements and
two different loadings. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark
Test LE2.
Input Files
• le201a.dat (linear shell, case 1)
• le201b.dat (parabolic shell, case 1)
• le202a.dat (linear shell, case 2)
• le202b.dat (parabolic shell, case 2)

• E = 210E3 MPa
• v = 0.3
Units
SI
• Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals
Boundary Conditions
• Translations and rotations (edge AB) = 0
• Z translations and normal rotations (edge AD and edge BC) = 0
Case 1 loading:
• Uniform normal edge moment on DC = 1.0 kNm/m
Case 2 loading:
• Uniform outward normal pressure at mid-surface ABCD = 0.6 MPa
• Tangential outward normal pressure on edge DC = 60.0 MPa

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Solution Type
Results
Output — outer (convex) surface (top shell surface) tangential stress at point E (grid point 2):
Test case Filename Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear quad – case 1 le201a 60.00 51.8
Linear quad – case 2 le202a 60.00 51.1*
Parabolic quad – case 1 le201b 60.00 56.4
Parabolic quad – case 2 le202b 60.00 56.4*
* Since the shapes of the shells are an approximation to a cylindrical surface, an edge load will
not be in the correct direction. To get this result, the edge load must be input as grid forces in the
tangential direction.
Post Processing
• Stress component: Y
• Results obtained on the element top surface in cylindrical coordinate system

References
Hemisphere-Point Loads
This test is a linear elastic analysis of hemisphere point loads (shown below) using coarse and
fine meshes of thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard
Benchmark Test LE3.
Input Files
• le301.dat (linear quad, coarse mesh)
• le302.dat (linear quad, fine mesh)
• le303.dat (parabolic quad, coarse mesh)

• E = 68.25 × 103 MPa

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
• v = 0.3
Units
SI
• Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals — coarse and fine mesh
• Equally spaced grid points on AC, CE, EA
• Point G at X = Y = Z = 10 /( 31/2) grid point 7
Boundary Conditions
• Edge AE symmetry about XZ plane (y = rotation x = rotation z = 0)
• Edge CE symmetry about YZ plane (x = rotation y = rotation z = 0)
• Point E (x = y = z = 0)
• All other displacements on edge AC are free.
• Concentrated radial load outward at A = 2KN
• Concentrated radial load inward at C = 2KN

Solution Type
Results
Output — X displacement at point A
Mesh Test Case Bench Value NX Nastran

linear quad — coarse mesh le301 0.185 0.1848
linear quad — fine mesh le302 0.185 0.1865
parabolic quad — coarse mesh le303 0.185 0.1416
References
Z-Section Cantilever
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a Z-section cantilever (shown below) using thin shell elements.
It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE5.

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Input Files
• le501.dat (linear quadrilateral)
• le502.dat (parabolic quadrilateral)
• E = 210E3 MPa
• v = 0.3
Units
SI
• Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals
Boundary Conditions
• All displacements on edges B1, B2, B3 = 0
• Torque of 1.2MN applied at end C by two edge shears (at C1 & C3) of 0.6 MN

Solution Type
Results
Output — averaged axial stress at mid-surface, point A, grid point 30 (compression)

Linear quad - point A/grid point 30 –108.0 –111.0
Parabolic quad - point A/grid point 30 –108.0 –110.3
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE5.
Skew Plate Normal Pressure

This test is a linear elastic analysis of a plate (shown below) using thin shell elements. It provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE6.
Input Files
• le601.dat (linear and parabolic quad)

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
• le602.dat (linear and parabolic triangle)

• E = 210E3 MPa
• v = 0.3
Units
SI

• Thin shelllinear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals — coarse and fine mesh
• Thin shell linear (CTRI3) and parabolic (CTRI6) triangles — coarse and fine mesh
Boundary Conditions
• Simple supports
• Z displacement = 0
• Normal pressure = –0.7KPa in the Z direction
Solution Type
Results
Output — maximum principal stress on the bottom surface at the plate center.
Case le601
Mesh Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear quad coarse mesh 9 0.802 0.325
Linear quad fine mesh 18 0.802 0.683
Parabolic quad coarse mesh 43 0.802 0.625


Parabolic quad fine mesh 52 0.802 0.719
Case le602
Mresh Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear triangle coarse mesh 9 0.802 0.396
Linear triangle fine mesh 18 0.802 0.720
Parabolic triangle coarse mesh 43 0.802 0.926
Parabolic triangle fine mesh 52 0.802 0.857
References
Thick Plate Pressure

This article provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE10. This test
is a linear elastic analysis of a thick (shown below) using coarse and fine meshes of solid elements.
Ellipses:
Input Files
• le1001.dat (linear and parabolic brick)
• le1002.dat (linear and parabolic wedge)

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
• le1003.dat (linear and parabolic tetrahedron)
• le1004.dat (linear and parabolic pyramid)
• E = 210E3 MPa
• v = 0.3
Units
SI
• Solid brick (CHEXA) linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh
• Solid wedge (CPENTA) linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh
• Solid tetrahedron (CTETRA) - linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh
• Solid pyramid (CPYRAM) linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh (created by dividing each
linear and parabolic brick element into 6 pyramid elements)
Solid Brick

Solid Wedge
Solid Tetrahedron — fine mesh only
Boundary Conditions
• Uniform normal pressure on the upper surface of the plate = 1 MPa
• Inner curved edge AD unloaded
• X and Y displacements on faces DCD'C′ and ABA′B′ = 0
• X and Y displacements on face BCB′C′ are fixed

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
• Z displacements along mid-plane are fixed
Solution Type
Results
Output — direct stress at point Dσyy
Test Case le1001

Linear brick — coarse mesh 4 –5.50 –5.41
Linear brick — fine mesh 204 –5.50 –5.67
Parabolic brick — coarse mesh 104 –5.50 –6.13
Parabolic brick — fine mesh 304 –5.50 –6.04
Test Case le1002

Linear wedge — coarse mesh 4 –5.50 –5.94
Linear wedge — fine mesh 204 –5.50 –5.83
Parabolic wedge — coarse mesh 104 –5.50 –5.32
Parabolic wedge — fine mesh 304 –5.50 –6.01
Test Case le1003
Result Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear tetra — fine mesh 40 –5.50 –2.41
Parabolic tetra — fine mesh 171 –5.50 –5.28

Test Case le1004

Linear pyramid — coarse mesh 4 –5.50 –2.85
Linear pyramid — fine mesh 204 –5.50 –3.83
Parabolic pyramid — coarse 104 –5.50 –5.60
mesh
Parabolic pyramid — fine mesh 304 –5.50 –5.72
References
Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere — Temperature

This test is a linear elastic analysis of a solid cylinder with a temperature gradient (shown below)
using coarse and fine meshes of solid elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Standard Benchmark Test LE11.
Input Files
• le1101a.dat (linear brick — coarse mesh)

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
• le1101b.dat (linear brick — fine mesh)
• le1102a.dat (parabolic brick — coarse mesh)
• le1102b.dat (parabolic brick — fine mesh)
• le1103a.dat (linear wedge — coarse mesh)
• le1103b.dat (linear wedge — fine mesh)
• le1104a.dat (parabolic wedge — coarse mesh)
• le1104b.dat (parabolic wedge — fine mesh)
• le1105a.dat (linear tetra — coarse mesh)
• le1105b.dat (linear tetra — fine mesh)
• le1106a.dat (parabolic tetra — coarse mesh)
• le1106b.dat (parabolic tetra — fine mesh)
• le1107a.dat (linear pyramid — coarse mesh)
• le1107b.dat (linear pyramid — fine mesh)
• le1108a.dat (parabolic pyramid — coarse mesh)
• le1108b.dat (parabolic pyramid — fine mesh)

• E = 210E3 MPa
• v = 0.3
• a = 2.3E–4 °C
Units
SI

• Solid brick (CHEXA) linear and parabolic — coarse and fine mesh
• Solid wedge (CPENTA) linear (6 grid point) and parabolic (15 grid point) — coarse and fine mesh
• Solid tetrahedron (CTETRA) linear and parabolic — coarse and fine mesh
• Solid pyramid (CPYRAM) linear and parabolic — coarse and fine mesh (created by dividing each
linear and parabolic brick element into 6 pyramid elements)

Solid Brick
Solid Tetrahedron

Chapter
Linear Statics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• Linear temperature gradient in the radial and axial direction
T° C = (X2 + Y2)1/2 + Z
• X, Y, and Z displacements = 0
• X and Y displacements on face BCB′C′ are fixed
• Z displacements on XY-plane face and HIH′I′ face = 0
Solution Type
Results
Output - direct stress σyy at point A
File Name Result Grid point at Bench NX

Point A Value Nastran
le1101a Linear brick — coarse mesh 30 –105.0 –88.50
le1101b Linear brick — fine mesh 71 –105.0 –98.3
le1102a Parabolic brick — coarse mesh 67 –105.0 –100.4
le1102b Parabolic brick — fine mesh 159 –105.0 –111.2
le1103a Linear wedge — coarse mesh 33 –105.0 –10.0
le1103b Linear wedge — fine mesh 74 –105.0 –48.3
le1104a Parabolic wedge — coarse mesh 71 –105.0 –87.2
le1104b Parabolic wedge — fine mesh 187 –105.0 –96.2
le1105a Linear tetra — coarse mesh 8 –105.0 –31.4

File Name Result Grid point at Bench NX

Point A Value Nastran
le1105b Linear tetra — fine mesh 8 –105.0 –65.2
le1106a Parabolic tetra — coarse mesh 8 –105.0 –89.6
le1106b Parabolic tetra — fine mesh 8 –105.0 –97.3
le1107a Linear pyramid — coarse mesh 30 –105.0 –57.0
le1107b Linear pyramid — fine mesh 71 –105.0 –79.8
le1108a Parabolic pyramid — coarse mesh 67 –105.0 –65.8
le1108b Parabolic pyramid — fine mesh 159 –105.0 –108.8
References

Chapter 4: Normal Mode Dynamics Verification
4.1 Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using

The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using
theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple in form and most of them have closed-form
theoretical solutions.
The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well known engineering texts. For each
test case, a specific reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the end of this topic.
The finite element method is very flexible in the types of physical problems represented. The
verification tests provided are not exhaustive in exploring all possible problems, but represent
common types of applications.
This overview provides information on the following:
• Understanding the test case format
• Understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions
• References

o Units
o Solution type
o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints/constraints)
• Results
• Reference
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions

While differences in finite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible, some tests
would require an infinite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Elements are chosen to
achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.

Chapter
Chapter 4: 4: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification
Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solution.
Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoretical and finite
element solutions are carried out with the same significant digits of accuracy.
The closed-form theoretical solution may have restrictions, such as rigid connections, that do not
exist in the real world. These limiting restrictions are not necessary for the finite element model, but
are used for comparison purposes. Verification to real world problems is more difficult but should be
done when possible.
The actual results from NX Nastran may vary insignificantly from the results presented in this
document. This variation is due to different methods of performing real numerical arithmetic on
different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element formulations which have been made to
improve results under certain circumstances.
Reference
The following references have been used in the normal mode dynamics analysis verification
problems presented:
1. Blevins, R. Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition. New York: Van
Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979.
2. Timoshenko and Young. Vibration Problems in Engineering. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold
Company, 1955.
3. Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications. Boston: Allyn
and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
4. Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
Inc., 1978.
4.2 Test Cases
Natural Frequency of Circular Ring with Axisymmetric Model

Determine the frequency of radial vibration of an axisymmetric ring.

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification
Input File
mstvn001.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Radius = 100 in.
Material Properties
• Density = 0.00073 lb-sec2/in.4
• E = 30E6 psi
Create a linear axisymmetric thin shell element (CCONEAX) .05 inches long at a radius of 100
inches from the center.
Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method
Results

Frequency (Hz) 322.6 322.6
References
Timoshenko and Young. Vibration Problems in Engineering, p. 425. New York: Van Norstrand
Reinhold Company, 1955.
Undamped Free Vibration — Single Degree of Freedom
Determine the natural frequency of the system shown.

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Verification
Input File
mstvn002.dat
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
• Length = 0.5 m
• a = 0.3 m
Physical Properties
• mass = 20 Kg
• k = 8 KN/m

• Create 5 rigid bar (RBAR) elements along the X axis. Each bar should be 0.1 m long.
• A lumped mass (CONM2) element is applied on the end grid point.

• A grid point-to-ground spring element (CELAS1) is applied 0.2 m from the lumped mass.
Boundary Conditions
• Restrain the first grid point to allow rotation only in the Z direction.
Solution Type
Results

Frequency (Hz) 1.910 1.910
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications, p. 75. Boston:
Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
Two Degrees of Freedom Undamped Free Vibration — Principle Modes

Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with two degrees of freedom.

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Verification
Input File
mstvn003.dat
Units
SI- meter
Element Types
• Translational springs (CELAS1)
• Lumped mass (CONM2)

Physical Properties
• Mass = 1 kg
• k = 1 N/m
• Create four grid points on the Y axis.
• Create three linear springs (CELAS1) with stiffness of 1 N/m and with a uniaxial stiffness
reference coordinate system.
• Create two lumped mass elements (CONM2) with a mass of 1 kg.
Boundary Conditions
• Restrain ends in all directions.
• Restrain other grid points in all directions but Y.
Solution Type
Normal Mode Dynamics - SOL 103, Lanczos method
Results

Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) 0.1592 0.1592
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, pp. 145-149. Boston: Allyn
Three Degrees of Freedom Torsional System

Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with three degrees of freedom.

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Verification
Input File
mstvn004.dat
Element Types
• Rotational springs (CELAS1)
Units
SI — meter
Physical Properties
• J = J1 = J2 = J3 = 0.1
• k = k1 = k2 = k3 = 1 N*m

• Create four grid points on the X axis.
• Create three linear torsional springs (CELAS1) with stiffness of 1 N*m and with a stiffness
reference coordinate system being uniaxial.
• Create three lumped mass elements (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and with mass
inertia system of: 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.
Boundary Conditions
• Restrain one end in all directions.
• Restrain the other grid points in all directions but RX.
Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos method
Results

References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, pp. 153-155. Boston: Allyn

Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System

Determine the natural frequencies of dynamic system with two degrees of freedom. Degrees of
freedom are one translational and one rotational.
Input Files
mstvn005.dat
Units
SI - meter
Physical Properties
• Mass = 1800 kg
• K1 = 42000 N/m
• K2 = 48000 N/m

• Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K1
• Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K2
• Create a lumped mass element (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and mass inertia
system of: 0.0, 0.0, 3528, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Verification
• Create a three-noded rigid element (RBE2)
Boundary Conditions
• Nodal displacement restraints

o Restrain grid points 4 and 5 in all directions.
o Restrain the other grid points in all directions but Y and RZ.
Solution Type
Results

Frequency of Mode 2(Hz) 1.496 1.496
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978. pp.
150-153.
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System

Determine the natural frequencies of dynamic system with two degrees of freedom. Degrees of
freedom are one translational and one rotational.

Input File
mstvn005.dat
Element Types
• Translational springs (CELAS1)
• Rigid (RBE2)
Units
SI — meter
Model Geometry
• Length1 = 1.6 m
• Length2 = 2.0 m
• r = 1.4 m (gyration radius; J = m*r*r)
Physical Properties
• mass = 1800 kg
• K1 = 42000 N/m
• K2 = 48000 N/m

• Create five grid points in the XY plane with the following coordinates:
o Grid point 1 = (0,0)
o Grid point 2 = (12,0)
o Grid point 3 = (–L1,0)
o Grid point 4 = (L2,–1)
o Grid point 5 = (–L1,–1)
• Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K1 between grid point 1 and grid
point 5.
• Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K2 between grid point 2 and grid
point 4.

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Verification
• Create a lumped mass element (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and mass inertia
system of: 0.0, 0.0, 3528, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.
• Create a three-grid-point rigid element (RBE2) using grid point 1, grid point 2, and grid point 3.
Boundary Conditions
• Restrain grid points 4 and 5 in all directions.
• Restrain the other grid points in all directions but Y and RZ.
Solution Type
Results

Frequency of Mode 2(Hz) 1.496 1.496
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, pp. 150-153. Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
Inc., 1978.
Cantilever Beam Undamped Free Vibrations

Determine the natural frequencies of a cantilever beam.
Input File
mstvn006.dat
Element Type
Linear beam (CBEAM)

Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 100 in.
• Height = 2 in.

• w = 1 lb/in.
• J = .10
• Poisson's ratio = .3
Calculated Data
• A = h2 = 4 in2
• I = h4/12 = 1.33333
• G = E/2 × 1/1 + nu = 11538461.54
• m = w/g = 2.59067375E–3
• Ip = Ixx + Iyy = 2.66666

• Create 11 grid points on X axis.
• Create 10 linear beams (CBEAM) between grid points.
Boundary Conditions
• Restrain one end grid point in all directions.
Solution Type
Results

Frequency of Modes 1 & 2 (Transverse 6.953 6.953
Vibration)
Vibration)
Frequency of Mode 5 (Torsional Vibration) 64.68 64.68

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Verification

Vibration)
Frequency of Mode 8 (Torsional Vibration) 193.9 195.7
Vibration)
References
Blevins, R. Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition, pp. 108,193. New York:
Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979.
Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered Mass

Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system consisting of a massless beam and a lumped
mass at the end.
Input File
mstvn007.dat
Element Types
• Linear beam (CBAR)
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 30 in.

• Mass = 0.5 lbm

• E = 30E6 psi
• Density = 1.0E–6
• I = 1.5 in.4
• Create 2 grid points on the X axis with coordinates (0,0,0) and (30,0,0).
• Create a linear beam (CBAR) element between grid points with shear area ratio = 0.
• Create a lumped mass (CONM2) on one grid point with mass of 0.5 lbm.
Boundary Conditions
• Restrain wall end in all directions.
• Restrain mass end in directions of Z, RX, and RY.
Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos method
Results

Mode 2 Frequency (Hz) 15.92 15.92
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, p. 72. Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
Inc., 1978.

Chapter 5: Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using
Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
5.1 Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard

NAFEMS Benchmarks
The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran
using standard benchmarks published by NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element Methods
and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.).
These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the finite elements
in commercial software. All results obtained using NX Nastran compare favorably with other
commercial finite element analysis software. Results of these test cases using other commercial finite
element analysis software programs are available from NAFEMS.

o Units
o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints/constraints)
o Solution type
• Results
• Reference
Reference
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
5.2 Beam Element Test Cases

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Pin-ended Cross — In-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a pin-ended cross (shown below) using beam
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 1.
Attributes of this test are:

• Coupling between flexural and extensional behavior
• Repeated and close eigenvalues
Input Files
• nf001ac.dat (linear consistent)
• nf001al.dat (linear lumped)
Units
SI
• Area = .015625 m2
Shear ratio:
• Y=0
• Z=0

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ=8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.29 (Poisson's ratio)
• G = 8.01E10

• Four linear beam (CBAR) elements per arm
Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = 0 at A, B, C, D
• Z = Rx = Ry = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (lumped mass on, param coupmass = –1)
• Using coupled mass (lumped mass off, param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference NAFEMS Target NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (Hz) (coupled mass) (Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.34

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (Hz) (coupled mass) (Hz)
2, 3 17.71 17.69 17.66 17.69
4 17.71 17.72 17.69 17.72
5 45.35 45.48 45.02 45.52
6, 7 57.39 57.36 56.06 57.43
8 57.39 57.68 56.34 57.75
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N.
C.Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 1. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a pin-ended double cross (shown below) using beam

Input Files

Units
SI
Key-in section:
• Area = .015625 m2
Shear ratio:
• Y=0
• Z=0
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = 0 at A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
• Z = Rx= Ry = 0 at all grid points

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Solution Type
• Using lumped mass (lumped mass toggle on, param coupmass = –1)
• Using coupled mass (lumped mass toggle off, param coupmass = 1)
Results

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.34
2, 3 17.71 17.69 17.66 17.69
4, 5, 6, 7,8 17.71 17.72 17.69 17.72
9 45.35 45.48 45.02 45.52
10, 11 57.39 57.36 56.06 57.43
12, 13, 14, 15, 57.39 57.68 56.34 57.75
16
References
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 2. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free square frame (shown below) using beam


• Rigid body modes (3 modes)
Input Files
Units
SI
Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.0
• Z = 1.0
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
Boundary Conditions
• Rotations fixed, translations free

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Solution Type
• Using lumped mass (lumped mass toggle on, param coupmass = –1)
• Using coupled mass (lumped mass toggle off, param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference NAFEMS Target NX Nastran NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) Result (lumped (coupled mass) (Hz)
mass) (Hz)
4 3.261 3.262 3.259 3.259
5 5.668 5.665 5.660 5.663
6, 7 11.14 11.15 10.89 11.13
8 12.85 12.83 12.74 12.80
9 24.57 24.66 23.53 24.64
10, 11 28.70 28.81 28.13 28.73
References
Cantilever with Off-center Point Masses

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilever with off-center point masses (shown
below) using beam elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis,Test 4.

• Coupling between torsional and flexural behavior
• Inertial axis non-coincident with flexibility axis
• Discrete lumped mass, rigid links

• Close eigenvalues
Input Files
• nf004a.dat
Units
SI

Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.128
• Z = 1.128
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m 2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

• Five linear beam (CBAR) elements along cantilever
Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Z = Rx = Ry = Rz = 0 at A
Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos (Parameter COUPMASS = –1)
Results
Mode Reference Value NAFEMS Target Value NX Nastran Result (Hz)

(Hz) (Hz)
1 1.723 1.723 1.714

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Mode Reference Value NAFEMS Target Value NX Nastran Result (Hz)

(Hz) (Hz)
2 1.727 1.727 1.720
3 7.413 7.413 7.554
4 9.972 9.972 9.954
5 18.16 18.16 17.68
6 26.96 26.97 26.78
References
Deep Simply-Supported Beam

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep simply supported beam (shown below).
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 5.

• Shear deformation and rotary inertial (Timoshenko beam)
• Possibility of missing extensional modes when using iteration solution methods
• Repeated eigenvalues
Input Files
• nf005ac.dat (linear consistent, param coupmass = 1)
• nf005al.dat (linear lumped, param coupmass = –1)
Units
SI


Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.176923
• Z = 1.176923
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

• Five linear beam elements (CBEAM)
Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Z = Rx =0 at A
• Y = Z = 0 at B
Solution Type
• Using lumped mass (lumped mass on, param coupmass = –1)
• Using coupled mass (lumped mass off, param coupmass = 1)
Results

(Hz) (Hz)
1, 2 (flexural) 42.65 42.57 43.15 43.26
3 (torsional) 77.54 77.84 77.20 77.84
4 (extensional) 125.0 125.5 124.5 125.5
5, 6 (flexural) 148.3 145.5 149.8 154.9

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

(Hz) (Hz)
7 (torsional) 233.1 241.2 224.1 241.2
8, 9 (flexural) 284.6 267.0 271.0 306.7
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Circular Ring — In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a circular ring (shown below) using beam elements.

• Rigid body modes (six modes)
Input Files
• nf006ac.dat (param coupmass = 1)
• nf006al.dat (param coupmass = –1)
Units
SI

Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.128205
• Z = 1.128205
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
• 20 linear beam (CBAR) elements
Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Z = Rx = Ry = Rz active
• Model is unsupported.
Solution Type

NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways:
• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = –1)
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results

(Hz) (Hz)
7, 8 (out of 51.85 52.29 51.62 52.38
plane)
9, 10 (in plane) 53.38 53.97 54.05 53.80
11, 12 (out of 148.8 149.7 146.9 149.7
plane)
13, 14 (in plane) 151.0 152.4 152.2 151.5
15 (out of plane) 287.0 288.3 280.4 287.3
16 (in plane) 289.5 288.3 289.2 289.1

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
References
Cantilevered Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered beam (shown below). This document
provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency
Analysis, Test 71.

• Ill-conditioned stiffness matrix
Input Files
• nf071a.dat (Test 1)
• nf071b.dat (Test 2)
• nf071c.dat (Test 3)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ=8000 kg/m3

Three tests — all use linear beam (CBAR) elements
• Test 1: a = b
• Test 2: a = 10b
• Test3: a = 100b

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Rz = 0 at A
• Z = 0 at all grid points
• Rx = Ry = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
Beams always use a coupled mass formulation (param coupmass = 1).
Results
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NX Nastran Result (Hz)

1 1.010 a=b 1.010
a = 10b 1.010
a = 100b 1.010
2 6.327 a=b 6.324
a = 10b 6.327
a = 100b 6.330
3 17.72 a=b 17.70
a = 10b 17.80
a = 100b 17.83
4 34.72 a=b 34.70
a = 10b 34.86
a = 100b 35.07
5 57.39 a=b 57.48
a = 10b 60.64
a = 100b 64.82

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NX Nastran Result (Hz)

6 85.73 a=b 86.24
a = 10b 101.86
a = 100b 104.74
References
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 71. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
5.3 Shell Element Test Cases
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate — Symmetric Modes

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed with NX
Nastran shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11a.

• Symmetric modes, symmetric boundary conditions along the cutting plane
Input Files
• nf011a_l.dat (4-noded quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf011a_c.dat (4-noded quadrilateral, coupled mass)
• nf011ha_l.dat (8-noded quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf011ha_c.dat (8-noded quadrilateral, coupled mass)

Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
Two tests:
• 32 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.05m
• 8 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.05m
Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points
• Z = Ry = Rx = 0 along Y-axis
• Rx = 0 along Y = 5m

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Solution Type

Results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)
• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
Results
Mode Reference Mesh NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Result (lumped Result (coupled
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
1 0.4210 Linear 0.4150 0.4180
Parabolic 0.4150 0.4180
2 2.582 Linear 2.490 2.604
Parabolic 2.478 2.567
3 3.306 Linear 3.115 3.314
4 6.555 Linear 6.044 6.538
5 7.381 Linear 7.094 7.808
6 11.40 Linear 10.57 12.34
References
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 11a. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate — Anti-symmetric Modes

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed with shell
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11b.


• Anti-symmetric modes
Input Files
• nf011b.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral)
• nf011hb.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
Two tests:
Mesh only half the plate (10m × 5m).

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• Z = Ry = Rx = 0 along Y-axis
• Rx = 0 along Y = 5m
Solution Type

• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = —1)
Results
Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
1 1.029 Linear 1.019 1.000 1.020
Parabolic 1.018 1.005 1.022


mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
2 3.753 Linear 3.839 3.570 3.767
Parabolic 3.710 3.597 3.725
3 7.730 Linear 8.313 7.091 8.113
Parabolic 7.768 7.026 7.786
4 8.561 Linear 9.424 8.047 9.025
Parabolic 8.483 8.133 8.690
5 not available Linear 11.73 9.940 11.69
Parabolic 11.19 10.15 11.19
6 not available Linear 17.82 14.22 17.44
Parabolic 15.76 14.21 16.78
References
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 11b. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
Free Thin Square Plate
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements.
• Rigid body modes (three modes)

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Input Files
• nf012l_l.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf012l_c.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass)
• nf012h_l.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf012h_c.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

Two tests:
Boundary Conditions
Solution Type
Results were obtained in two different ways:

Results

mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
4 1.622 Linear 1.632 1.578 1.624
Parabolic 1.532 1.584 1.619
5 2.360 Linear 2.402 2.241 2.389
Parabolic 2.356 2.233 2.363
6 2.922 Linear 3.006 2.804 2.979
Parabolic 2.861 2.808 2.929
7, 8 4.233 Linear 4.251 3.931 4.237
Parabolic 4.122 3.944 4.158
9 7.416 Linear 7.859 6.822 7.790
Parabolic 7.363 6.813 7.477
10 Not available Linear 8.027 6.822 7.790
Parabolic 7.392 6.813 7.477
References
Simply Supported Thin Square Plate


Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• Well established
Input Files
• nf013l_l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf013l_c.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)
• nf013h_l.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf013h_c.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

Two tests:
Boundary Conditions

• Z = Rx = 0 along edges X = 0 and X = 10m
• Z = Ry = 0 along edges Y = 0 and Y = 10m
Solution Type

Results
Mode Reference Mesh NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 2.377 Linear 2.332 2.392
2, 3 5.942 Linear 5.797 6.181
4 9.507 Linear 8.963 9.933
5, 6 11.88 Linear 11.67 13.27
7, 8 15.45 Linear 14.45 17.07
References
Simply Supported Thin Annular Plate


Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system)
Input Files
• nf014l_l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf014l_c.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)
• nf014h_l.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf014h_c.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

Two tests:
• 160 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.06 m

• 48 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.06 m
Boundary Conditions
• Z′ = Rx′ = 0 around the circumference
Solution Type

Results

(Hz) (Hz)
1 1.870 Linear 1.859 1.877
2, 3 5.137 Linear 5.293 5.249
4, 5 9.673 Linear 10.03 9.983
6 14.85 Linear 14.37 15.41
7, 8 15.57 Linear 16.10 15.55

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

(Hz) (Hz)
9 18.38 Linear 18.07 19.09
References
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis,, Test No. 13. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate


• Distorted elements
Input Files
• nf015l.dat linear (lumped)
• nf015ha.dat parabolic (lumped)
• nf015hb.dat parabolic (consistent)
• nf015hc.data linear (consistent)
Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
Two tests:
Boundary Conditions
• Z′ = Rx′ = Ry′ = 0 along all four edges
Solution Type
SOL103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Results

1 7.938 Linear 8.142 7.818 7.955
Parabolic 7.873 7.902 7.929
2 12.84 Linear 13.89 12.83 13.39
Parabolic 12.48 12.85 13.01
3 17.94 Linear 20.04 17.81 19.07
Parabolic 17.31 17.95 18.47
4 19.13 Linear 20.17 18.55 19.24
Parabolic 18.74 18.96 19.17
5 24.01 Linear 27.70 23.67 26.19
Parabolic 27.95 23.88 25.23
6 27.92 Linear 32.05 27.70 29.82
Parabolic 25.88 27.91 28.81
References
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh

This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMSSelected Benchmarks for Natural

• Distorted meshes

Input Files
• nf016a1.dat: (16 parabolic quad, lumped mass)
• nf016a2.dat: (16 parabolic quad, coupled mass)
• nf016b1.dat: (16 parabolic quad, lumped mass)
• nf016b2.dat: (16 parabolic quad, coupled mass)
• nf016c1.dat: (4 parabolic quad, lumped mass)
• nf016c2.dat: (4 parabolic quad, coupled mass)
• nf016d1.dat: (4 parabolic quad, lumped mass)
• nf016d2.dat: (4 parabolic quad, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
All tests — parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements — thickness = 0.05m

Four tests:
• Test 1 — 16 elements
• Test 2 — 16 elements with specified grid points at the following XY coordinates:

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Coordinates
Node X Y
1 4.000 4.000
2 2.250 2.250
3 4.750 2.500
4 7.250 2.750
5 7.500 7.250
6 5.250 7.250
7 5.250 7.250
8 2.250 7.250
9 2.500 4.750
• Test 3 — 4 elements
• Test 4 — 4 elements with a specified grid point at the following XY coordinate:
Coordinates
Node X Y
1 4.000 4.000

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Z = Ry = 0 along Y-axis
Solution Type
Results
Mode Reference Test NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

1 0.4210 1 0.4174 0.4139 0.4181
2 0.4174 0.4135 0.4182
3 0.4144 0.4021 0.4189
4 0.4145 0.4000 0.4192

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Mode Reference Test NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

2 1.029 1 1.020 0.9985 1.024
2 1.020 0.9967 1.024
3 0.9990 0.9347 1.021
4 1.002 0.9202 1.025
3 2.582 1 2.564 2.444 2.569
2 2.571 2.445 2.566
3 2.554 2.132 2.708
4 2.565 2.112 2.698
4 3.306 1 3.302 3.082 3.281
2 3.317 3.072 3.280
3 3.401 2.707 3.449
4 3.424 2.697 3.430
5 3.753 1 3.769 3.540 3.728
2 3.780 3.535 3.731
3 3.697 3.136 3.913
4 3.714 3.077 3.881
6 6.555 1 6.805 6.018 6.551
2 6.883 5.994 6.552
3 5.455 5.458 7.108
4 5.133 5.459 6.858
References
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A

Frequency Analysis, Test 21a.

• Effect of secondary restraints
Input Files
• nf021a.dat: linear (lumped mass)
• nf021ha.dat: parabolic (lumped mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
Two tests:

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• Z = 0 along all four edges
• Rx = 0 along edges X = 0 and X = 10 m
• Ry = 0 along edges Y = 0 and Y = 10 m
Solution Type


Results

1 45.90 Linear 46.66 45.83 46.35
Parabolic 45.94 46.17 45.83
2, 3 109.4 Linear 115.8 110.6 114.1
Parabolic 110.4 110.3 109.4
4 167.9 Linear 177.5 164.8 174.3
Parabolic 170.4 167.3 169.8
5, 6 204.5 Linear 233.4 211.8 227.1
Parabolic 212.8 204.6 208.2
7, 8 256.5 Linear 283.6 250.5 276.9
Parabolic 270.0 249.3 268.4
9 336.6 Linear 371.1 313.1 364.3
Parabolic 344.8 311.4 319.4
10 336.6 Linear 371.1 338.4 385.8
Parabolic 344.8 347.6 319.4
References
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 21a. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B

Frequency Analysis, Test 21b.

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• Effect of secondary restraints
Input Files
• nf021b_c.dat (quadrilateral thin shell elements — coupled mass)
• nf021b_l.dat (quadrilateral thin shell elements — lumped mass)
• nf021hb_c.dat (parabolic thin shell elements — coupled mass)
• nf021hb_l.dat (parabolic thin shell elements — lumped mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
Two tests:
• 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell elements — thickness = 1.0 m
• 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements — thickness = 1.0 m

Boundary Conditions
• Z = 0 along all four edges; X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type
Results

1 45.90 Linear 44.75 44.65 44.96
Parabolic 44.13 44.82 44.49
2, 3 109.4 Linear \ 112.9 109.1 112.3
Parabolic 107.9 108.5 107.6
4 167.9 Linear 170.3 161.4 170.2
Parabolic 164.2 163.6 165.7
5, 6 204.5 Linear 230.2 210.5 225.4
Parabolic 20.07 203.1 206.5

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

7, 8 256.5 Linear 274.2 247.1 272.5
Parabolic 260.3 245.7 263.6
9 336.6 Linear 356.0 308.8 358.4
Parabolic 342.8 307.2 318.6
10 336.6 Linear 356.0 337.6 384.8
Parabolic 342.8 346.9 318.6
References
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 21b. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate


• Distorted elements
Input Files
• nf022l_l.dat
• nf022l_c.dat
• nf022h_l.dat

• nf022h_c.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

Two tests:
• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements - thickness = 1.0 m
• 36 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements - thickness = 1.0 m
Boundary Conditions
• Z′ = Rx′ = Ry′ = 0 along all four edges
Solution Type
SOL 103 – Normal Mode Dynamics
• Using lumped mass (parm coupmass = –1)

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Results

1 134.0 Linear 137.8 131.2 134.3
Parabolic 133.9 134.9 135.2
2 201.4 Linear 218.5 200.4 211.9
Parabolic 203.3 204.4 206.3
3 265.8 Linear 295.4 262.0 286.6
Parabolic 271.4 270.3 276.4
4 282.7 Linear 296.8 273.6 287.0
Parabolic 283.7 286.9 289.1
5 334.5 Linear 383.6 327.0 373.3
Parabolic 346.4 337.5 353.8
6 Not available Linear 426.6 372.2 410.6
Parabolic 386.6 384.7 394.0
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N.
C.,Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 22. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov.,
1987.
Simply Supported Thick Annular Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported thick annular plate meshed
with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 23.


Input Files
nf023l_l.dat
nf023l_c.dat
nf023h_l.dat
nf023h_c.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

Two tests:

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• Z′ = Rx′ = 0 around the circumference
Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

• Using coupled mass (param coupmas = 1)

Results

mass) (Hz) mass(Hz)
1 18.58 Linear 18.82 18.40 18.64
Parabolic 18.59 18.53 18.65
2, 3 48.92 Linear 49.82 50.00 50.81
Parabolic 49.02 49.22 49.41
4, 5 92.59 Linear 96.06 93.09 96.00
Parabolic 92.90 93.41 93.73
6 140.2 Linear 148.3 134.6 147.0
Parabolic 140.9 140.2 143.1
7, 8 Not available Linear 153.7 144.0 152.1
Parabolic 146.6 147.0 148.2
9 166.4 Linear 174.5 162.2 177.1
Parabolic 167.3 166.9 170.4
References
Cantilevered Square Membrane

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered square membrane meshed with shell


Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Input Files
• nf031l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf031a.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)
• nf031h.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf031j.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
Two tests:
• 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements - thickness = 0.05 m
• 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements - thickness = 0.05 m

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = 0 along the Y axis
Solution Type

Results

1 52.40 Linear 52.91 52.48 52.78
Parabolic 52.64 52.30 52.60
2 125.7 Linear 126.1 125.6 126.1
Parabolic 125.9 125.7 125.9
3 140.8 Linear 143.2 139.6 142.9
Parabolic 141.5 139.5 141.4
4 222.5 Linear 228.9 215.1 227.5
Parabolic 224.6 214.4 224.3

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

5 241.4 Linear 247.9 240.1 247.4
Parabolic 243.3 242.3 242.9
6 255.7 Linear 260.6 252.4 259.8
Parabolic 256.8 254.6 256.6
References
Cantilevered Tapered Membrane

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered tapered membrane meshed with shell
• Shear behavior
• Irregular mesh
• Symmetry
Input Files

Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

Two tests:
• 128 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUADR) elements — thickness = 0.1 m
Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = 0 along the Y axis

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Solution Type

• Using lumped mass (param coupmas = –1)
Results

1 44.62 Linear 44.91 44.66 44.78
Parabolic 44.64 44.54 44.63
2 130.0 Linear 132.1 130.3 131.8
Parabolic 130.1 129.7 130.1
3 162.7 Linear 162.8 162.6 162.8
Parabolic 162.7 162.7 162.7
4 246.1 Linear 253.0 246.1 252.3
Parabolic 246.6 245.1 246.4
5 379.9 Linear 393.3 377.9 393.2
Parabolic 382.0 377.9 381.4
6 391.4 Linear 396.3 389.7 395.0
Parabolic 391.6 390.9 391.5
References
Free Annular Membrane

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free annular membrane meshed with shell elements.

Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Two tests:
Boundary Conditions
Solution Type

Results

4, 5 129.2 Linear 129.5 127.8 128.8
Parabolic 126.5 125.7 125.8
6 226.2 Linear 225.5 224.5 225.3
Parabolic 224.3 224.0 224.2
7, 8 234.7 Linear 234.9 229.9 234.9
Parabolic 233.0 230.8 233.0
9, 10 264.7 Linear 272.1 264.3 271.2
Parabolic 264.8 262.6 263.6
11, 12 336.6 Linear 340.3 329.0 339.9
Parabolic 335.7 331.5 335.7
13, 14 376.8 Linear 392.0 369.9 390.5
Parabolic 378.6 373.3 377.4
References
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered thin square plate meshed with shell
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMSSelected Benchmarks for

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Input Files
• nf073a.dat (Test 1)
• nf073b.dat (Test 2)
• nf073c.dat (Test 3)
• nf073d.dat (Test 4)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.05 m
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Z = Ry = 0 along the Y axis

Solution Type

Results

1 0.4210 Test 1 0.4174 0.4154 0.4183
Test 2 0.4174 0.4154 0.4183
Test 3 0.4175 0.4154 0.4184
Test 4 0.4184 0.4161 0.4192
2 1.029 Test 1 1.020 1.051 1.023
Test 2 1.020 1.006 1.023
Test 3 1.021 1.007 1.027
Test 4 1.032 1.015 1.024
3 2.582 Test 1 2.564 2.485 2.579
Test 2 2.597 2.509 2.605
Test 3 2.677 2.524 2.675
Test 4 2.850 2.563 2.672
4 3.306 Test 1 3.302 3.150 3.298
Test 2 3.345 3.180 3.332
Test 3 3.365 3.196 3.344
Test 4 3.571 3.373 3.535
5 3.753 Test 1 3.769 3.622 3.765
Test 2 3.888 3.713 3.862
Test 3 4.035 3.828 4.000
Test 4 5.466 4.935 5.360

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

6 376.8 Test 1 6.805 6.292 6.719
Test 2 7.517 6.901 7.399
Test 3 7.495 6.879 7.387
Test 4 —— —— ——
References
5.4 Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases
Free Cylinder — Axisymmetric Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free cylinder meshed with axisymmetric elements.

• Rigid body modes (one mode)
• Coupling between axial, radial, and circumferential behavior
• Close eigenvalues
Input Files
• nf041.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass)
• nf041a.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass)

• nf041h.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass)
• nf041j.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg / m3
• ν = 0.3
Two tests:
• 16 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements
• 8 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements
Boundary Conditions
Unsupported
Solution Type


Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Results
Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (lumped Result (coupled
(Hz) mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
2 243.5 Linear 244.0 243.1 243.9
Parabolic 243.5 243.4 243.5
3 377.4 Linear 379.4 372.1 378.4
Parabolic 377.5 376.4 377.4
4 394.1 Linear 395.4 385.8 394.4
Parabolic 394.3 392.4 394.2
5 397.7 Linear 401.4 386.9 398.5
Parabolic 397.9 392.8 397.9
6 405.3 Linear 421.9 391.7 415.4
Parabolic 406.4 397.2 406.0
Note
The reference value refers to the accepted solution to the problem.
References
Thick Hollow Sphere — Uniform Radial Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thick hollow sphere meshed using axisymmetric

• Constraint equations
Input Files
• nf042.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass)
• nf042a.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass)
• nf042h.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass)
• nf042j.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
• 10 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements -α = 5°

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• Z′ displacement = 0 at all grid points
• Grid points at the same R′ are constrained to have the same r′ displacement
• One constraint set
Solution Type
Results

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (lumped Result (coupled
(Hz) mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 369.9 Linear 370.6 369.3 369.6
Parabolic 370.0 369.7 369.7
2 838.0 Linear 841.2 828.1 837.7
Parabolic 838.1 836.2 837.7
3 1451. Linear 1473. 1416. 1468.
Parabolic 1453. 1445. 1451.
4 2117. Linear 2192. 2023. 2186.
Parabolic 2132. 2100. 2117.
5 2796. Linear 2976. 2595. 2967.
Parabolic 2853. 2764. 2799.

Note
References
Simply Supported Annular Plate — Axisymmetric Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported annular plate meshed with
axisymmetric elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 43.

Input Files
• nf043a.dat (lumped mass)
• nf043b.dat (coupled mass)
• nf043c.dat (lumped mass)
• nf043d.dat (coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Two tests:
• 60 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements
• 5 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements
Boundary Conditions
• Z = 0 at A
Solution Type
Results

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (lumped Result
(Hz) mass) (Hz) (coupled mass)
(Hz)
1 18.54 Linear 18.71 18.23 18.27
Parabolic 18.58 18.48 18.55
2 150.2 Linear 145.5 140.9 142.6
Parabolic 145.6 135.9 138.6


(Hz)
3 224.2 Linear 224.2 224.2 224.2
Parabolic 224.2 224.1 224.2
4 358.3 Linear 385.6 366.3 376.5
Parabolic 374.1 345.3 360.3
5 629.2 Linear 689.3 647.7 677.8
Parabolic 686.0 592.7 640.2
Note
References
Deep Simply Supported "Solid" Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep, simply supported beam meshed with solid
Natural Frequency Analysis , Test 51.
• Skewed coordinate system
• Skewed restraints

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Input Files
• nf051a.dat (linear brick)
• nf051b.dat (parabolic brick)
• nf051c.dat (linear pyramid)
• nf051d.dat (parabolic pyramid)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
Four tests:
• 30 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements
• 5 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements
• 180 solid linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each linear brick element
into 6 pyramid elements)
• 30 solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each parabolic brick element

Boundary Conditions
• X′ = Z′ = 0 along AA′
• Z′ = 0 along BB′
• Y′ = 0 at all grid points on the plane Y′ = 2.0 m
Solution Type
Results

(Hz)
1 38.20 linear brick 42.88 37.96 38.28
linear pyramid 41.30 41.50
parabolic brick 38.82 37.85 38.24
parabolic 37.90 38.10
pyramid

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

(Hz)
2 85.21 linear brick 93.82 83.38 83.95
pyramid
3 152.2 linear brick 170.7 152.7 157.6
pyramid
4 245.5 linear brick 286.1 251.6 264.9
pyramid
5 297.1 linear brick 318.9 288.0 298.3
pyramid
Note
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.,
Simply Supported "Solid" Square Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported square plate meshed with solid


• Kinematically incomplete suppressions
Input Files
• nf052l.dat (linear brick)
• nf052b.dat (parabolic brick)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Four tests:
• 64 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements
• 16 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements
Boundary Conditions
Z = 0 along the four edges on the plane Z = –0.5 m

Solution Type
SOL 103 normal modes

Results
Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran Result

Value Target Value Result (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz) (lumped mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
4 45.90 linear brick 51.65 44.04 45.24
pyramid
5, 6 109.4 linear brick 132.7 106.5 113.7
pyramid
7 167.9 linear brick 194.4 155.5 172.3
pyramid
8 193.6 linear brick 197.2 193.6 196.8
pyramid

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Value Target Value Result (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz) (lumped mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
9 206.2 linear brick 210.6 200.1 209.6
pyramid
10 206.2 linear brick 210.6 200.1 209.6
pyramid
Note
References
Simply Supported "Solid" Annular Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported annular plate meshed with solid

• Constraint equations

Input Files
• nf053l.dat (linear brick)
• nf053h.dat (parabolic brick)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν = 0.3
Four tests:
• 60 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements — α = 5°
• 5 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements — α = 10°

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• θ displacement = 0 at all grid points
• Z displacement = 0 at all grid points along AA
• Grid points at same R and Z are constrained to have same z displacement
• One constraint set
Solution Type


Results

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (coupled mass) (Hz)
(Hz) (lumped
mass) (Hz)
1 18.58 linear brick 19.66 18.57 18.61
pyramid
2 140.2 linear brick 146.4 138.8 140.5
pyramid
3 224.2 linear brick 224.3 224.2 224.4
pyramid
4 358.3 linear brick 386.7 361.8 372.1
pyramid
5 629.2 linear brick 689.5 643.8 674.7
pyramid
References

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Cantilevered Solid Beam

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered solid beam meshed using solid

• Highly populated stiffness matrix
Input Files
• nf072a.dat (parabolic bricks – conventional)
• nf072b.dat (parabolic bricks – unconventional)
• nf072c.dat (parabolic pyramids – conventional)
• nf072d.dat (parabolic pyramids – unconventional)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2
• ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• ν=3

Four tests:
• Test 1: solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements, conventional grid point numbering
• Test 2: solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each brick element into
6 pyramid elements), conventional grid point numbering
• Test 3: solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements, unconventional grid point numbering
• Test 4: solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each brick element into
6 pyramid elements), unconventional grid point numbering

Chapter
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Z = 0 at all grid points on X = 0 plane
• Y = 0 at grid points on Y = 1 m plane
Solution Type


Results
Mode # Mesh NAFEMS Target NX Nastran NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Result (lumped (coupled mass)
mass) (Hz) (Hz)
1 Test 1 16.01 15.82 15.99
Test 2 15.90 16.00
Test 3 16.01 15.82 15.99
Test 4 15.90 16.00
2 Test 1 87.23 83.18 87.09
Test 2 84.30 87.00
Test 3 87.23 83.18 87.09
Test 4 84.30 87.00
3 Test 1 126.0 125.5 126.0
Test 2 126.0 126.0
Test 3 126.0 125.5 126.0
Test 4 126.0 126.0
4 Test 1 209.6 193.5 209.1
Test 2 198.0 209.0
Test 3 209.6 193.5 209.1
Test 4 198.0 209.0
5 Test 1 351.1 310.1 349.9
Test 2 323.0 350.0
Test 3 351.1 310.1 349.9
Test 4 323.0 350.0
6 Test 1 375.8 364.2 375.8
Test 2 367.0 375.0
Test 3 375.8 364.2 375.8
Test 4 367.0 375.0
References

Chapter 6: Verification Test Cases from the Societe
Francaise des Mecaniciens
6.1 Overview of Verification Test Cases Provided by the Societe

The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using standard
benchmarks published by SFM (Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Paris, France) in Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Included here are:
• Tests cases on mechanical structures using linear statics analysis, normal mode dynamics
analysis, and model response.
• Stationary thermal test cases using heat transfer analysis.
• Thermo-mechanical test cases using linear statics analysis.
Results published in Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures are compared with
those computed using NX Nastran.

o Input files
o Units
o Material properties
o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)
o Solution type
• Results
• Reference
Reference

Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
des Mecaniciens
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990.
6.2 Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or

Rod Elements
Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports

This test is a linear statics analysis of a short, straight beam with plane bending and shear loading.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL02/89 from Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures.
• Area = 31E–04 m2
• Inertia = 2810E–08 m4
• Shear area ratio = 2.42
Input Files
ssll02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2E11 Pa
• ν = 0.3

Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

• 11 grid points
The mesh is shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
• Restrain both free ends of the beam in translation DOF.
o Edge load = 1E05 N/m in –Y direction
Solution Type
Results

Displacement at point B v (m) (Grid point 7) –1.259E–3 –1.249E–3
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLL02/89.
Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element

This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight, cantilever beam with plane bending and a rigid
element. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL05/89 from Guide de

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Input File
ssll05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2E11 Pa
• I = (4/3)E–08 m4
• 1 rigid element
• 26 grid points
Boundary Conditions
• Points A and C: Clamped
• Point D: Set nodal force = 1000 N in –Y direction
Solution Type

Results
Type Grid point Point Bench NX Nastran

Value
v (m) Disp. Y Grid point 6 B –0.1250 –0.1250
v (m) Disp. Y Grid point 3 D –0.1250 –0.1250
V force (N) Y Grid point 1 A 500.0 500.0
M moment (Nm) Rz Grid point 1 A 500.0 500.0
V force (N) Y Grid point 4 C 500.0 500.0
M moment (Nm) Rz Grid point 4 C 500.0 500.0
References
Afnor Technique, 1990 Test No. SSLL05/89.
Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a curved pipe with transverse
bending and bending-torque loading. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test
SSLL07/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
• R=1m
• de = 0.02 m
• di = 0.016 m
• A = 1.131E-0–04 m2
• Ix = 4.637E–09 m4

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Input Files
• ssll07a.dat linear beam
• ssll07b.dat curved beam
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2E11 Pa
• ν = 0.3
Test 1
• 91 grid points
Test 2
• 90 curved beam (CBEND) elements
• 91 grid points
To obtain the point where θ = 15° with accuracy, use surface mapped meshing on 1/4 of a cylinder.
Then mesh a curved edge with the Surface Coating command and undo the mesh on the surface.
The mesh for Test 1 is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
• Clamp point A.
• Grid point force F = 100 N in Z direction.
Solution Type
Results
Type Grid point Point Bench Test NX Nastran

Value Number
u (m) Disp. Z Grid point 1 B 0.1346 1 0.1346
2 0.1346
Mt (Nm)* Grid point 1 θ = 15° 74.12 1 76.67
2 77.51
Mf (Nm) –96.59 1 –96.37
2 –95.70
Mf = bending moment
Mt = torsional moment
*See "Post Processing" below.

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Post Processing
Linear Beam (CBAR) Elements
List beam forces on element 167, second end:

• Mf = torque
• Mt = bending moment
Curved Beam (CBEND) Elements
List beam forces on element 166, second end:

• Mf = torque
• Mt = bending moment
References
Afnor Technique, 1990.Test No. SSLL07/89..
Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arch

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a thin arc with plane bending. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLL08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.
• R=1m
• de = 0.02 m
• di = 0.016 m
• A = 1.131E–04 m2
• Ix 4.637E–09 m4

Input File
ssll08.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2E11 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• 11 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Point A: Articulated Z
• Point B: Sets Y and Z displacement to 0
• Force = 100N in –Y direction
Solution Type
Results
Type Grid Point Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Rz (rad) 2 A –3.077E–2 –3.110E–2
Rz (rad) 1 B 3.077E–2 3.110E–2
Y (m) 7 C -1.921E–2 –1.934E–2
X (m) 1 B 5.391E-2 5.374E–2
References
Grid Point Load on an Articulated CONROD Truss

This test is a linear statics analysis of a plane truss with an articulated rod. It provides the input data
and results for benchmark test SSLL11/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

Input File
ssll11.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 1.962E11 Pa

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• 4 rod (CONROD) elements
• 4 grid points
Element Length (m) Area (m2)

AC 2.000E–4
CB 2.000E–4
CD 1.000E–4
BD 1.000E–4
Boundary Conditions
• Point A and B: Articulated
• Point D: Set Nodal force = 9.81 E3 N in –Y direction
Solution Type

Results

X (m) 18.00 C 0.2652E–3 0.2652E–3
Y (m) 18.00 C 0.08839E–3 0.08839E–3
X (m) 2.000 D 3.479E–3 3.479E–3
Y (m) 2.000 D –5.601E–3 –5.600E–3
References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
(Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990..) Test No. SSLL11/89.
Articulated Plane Truss

This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight cantilever beam with plane bending and
tension-compression. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL14/89 from Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
• I1 = 5E–04 m4
• I2 = 2.5E–04 m4

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Input Files
• ssll14a.dat (4 elements)
• ssll14b.dat (10 elements)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1E11 Pa
Test 1
• 5 grid points
Test 2
• 11 grid points
The mesh for Test 2 is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
• Point A and B: Articulate
• Set forces and moments to the following numeric values:

o p = –3,000 N/m
o F1 = –20,000 N
o F2 = –10,000 N
o M = –100,000 Nm
Solution Type
Results
Type Grid Point Point Bench Value Test NX Nastran

Number
Vertical reaction 1.000 A 3.150E4 1 3.150E4
(N)
2 3.320E4
Hortizontal 1.000 A 2.024E4 1 1.920E4
reaction (N)
2 2.061E4
Vertical 8.000 C 0.03072 1 –0.02100
Displacement (m)
2 –0.03161
Note
NX Nastran takes shear effect into account.

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
References
Beam on an Elastic Foundation

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a straight beam with plane bending and an
elastic support. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL16/89 from Guide de
Input File
ssll16.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1E11 Pa
• K = 8.4E05 N/m2
• Each spring stiffness is set to: K * L/(number of spring elements).

• 49 spring (CBUSH) elements
• 51 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Point A and B: Articulated
• Set forces and moments to the following numeric values:

–F = –10000 N
–p = –5000 N/m
–M = 15000 Nm.
Solution Type
Results
Type Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Rotation(rad) Rz A —0.003050 –0.003034
Vertical Reaction force (N) 1.167E4 1.158E4
Vertical Disp. (m) D –0.4233E–2 –0.4216E–2


M moment (Nm)* 3.384E4 3.369E4
*List beam forces on element 26, first end, z bending moment.
References
6.3 Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Shell

Elements
Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with plane bending. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLP01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
• Thickness = 1 mm
Input File
sslp01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 3E10 Pa
• ν = 0.25

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements
• 126 grid points
Boundary Conditions
• Clamped Plate
• Set a shear force with parabolic distribution on width and constant distribution on thickness.
• Resultant force: p = 40 N.
Solution Type
Results
Type Grid point # Location Bench Value NX Nastran

Y (mm) Grid point 3 (L,y) 0.3413 0.3408
Displacement is shown in the following figure:

References
Afnor Technique, 1990 Test No. SSLP01/89.
Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with tension-compression and a
membrane effect. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLP02/89 from Guide de

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Input File
sslp02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 3E10 Pa
• ν = 0.25

• 121 grid points
The plate is meshed using the biasing option.

Boundary Conditions
• u (0,y) = 0, Ry (y) = 0, Rz (y) = 0, (z = 0, all grid points)
• ν (x,0) = 0, Rx (x) = 0, Rz (x) = 0
• Tension force P = 2.5 N/mm**2 (in plane force of 2500 N/m)

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Solution Type
Results

σθθ (a, 0) 7.500E7 7.528E7
σθθ (a, π/4) 2.500E7 2.511E7
σθθ (a, π/2) –2.500E7 –2.452E7
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLP02/89.
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a circular plate fixed at the edge
with transverse bending and a uniform load. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test
SSLS03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Input Files
• ssls03a.dat linear quadrilateral
• ssls03b.dat linear triangle
Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
Test 1
• 50 grid points
Test 2
• 53 linear triangular thin shell (CTRIA3) elements
• 38 grid points
Meshing is only done on 1/4 of the plate.

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Clamp free edges.
• Uniform pressure p = –1000 Pa.
• Symmetric conditions are applied to the sides.
Solution Type
Results
Result Grid Point Point Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

Z 1.000 Center O –0.006500 1 –0.006600
w (m) 1.000 2 –0.006500
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS03/89.
Torque Loading on a Square Tube

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin-walled tube loaded in torsion
by pure shear at the free end. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS05/89
from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
ssls05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• = 0.3

• 160 CQUAD4 elements
• 219 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Plane X = 0
• Clamped beam
• Apply a torque equal to 10 Nm on the free end.
Solution Type
Results
Result Grid Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Disp. Y (m) 193.0 –6.170E–7 .6.170E–7
Disp. Rx (rad) 1.230E–5 1.230E–5
Stress XY Shear (Pa) –11.00E4 –11.00E4
Disp. Y (m) 208.0 –9.870E–7 –9.870E–7
Disp. Rx (rad) 1.970E–5 1.970E–5
Stress XY Shear (Pa) –11.00E4 –11.00E4
Results are post-processed using the Shell surface: Bottom option.
References
Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by internal pressure. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLS06/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de

Input Files
• ssls06a.dat
• ssls06b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Test 1
• 121 grid points
Test 2
• 400 liinear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements
• 441 grid points

Boundary Conditions
• Free conditions:
To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XZ, XY, and YZ planes.
• Internal pressure = 10000 Pa.
Solution Type
Results
Type Point Bench Value Test NX Nastran

Number
σ11(Pa) All 0 1 1.720
2 4.960
σ22(Pa) 5.000E5 1 4.950E5
2 4.990E5
ΔR(m) 2.380E–6 1 2.370E–6
2 2.380E–6
ΔL(m) –1.430E–6 1 –1.420E–6
2 –1.430E–6
All results are averages.

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Post Processing
• σ11 is the stress of z at grid point 11 (test 1) and grid point 21 (test 2)
• σ22 is the stress of x at grid point 111 (test 1) and grid point 421 (test 2)
• ΔR(m) is the displacement of x at grid point 121 (test 1) and grid point 441 (test 2)
• ΔL(m) is the displacement of z at grid point 121 (test 1) and grid point 441 (test 2)
References
Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder

This test is a linear static analysis of a thin cylinder loaded axially. It provides the input data and
results for benchmark test SSLS07/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Input Files
• ssls07a.dat – parabolic quadrilateral, thin shell
• ssls07b.dat – parabolic triangle, thin shell
Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
Test 1
• 200 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements
• 661 grid points
Test 2
• 400 parabolic triangular thin shell (CTRIA6) elements

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Axial displacement = 0 in. X = 0 section
• Uniform axial load q = 10000 N/m
Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Sstatics
Results
Type Point Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

σ11(Pa) Any 5.000E5 1 5.000E5
2 5.790E5
σ22(Pa) Any 0 1 0
2 3.080E4
ΔL(m) Any 9.520E–6 1 9.520E–6
2 9.560E–6
ΔR (m) Any –7.140E–7 1 –7.140E-7
2 –7.330E–7
All results are averages.
Post Processing
• σ11 is the stress of z at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.

• σ22 is the stress of y at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.
• ΔR is the displacement of x at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.
• ΔL is the displacement of z at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.
References
Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by hydrostatic pressure. It provides the
Input File
ssls08.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• 661 grid points

Boundary Conditions
• Restrain the grid points on side A (from grid point 21 to grid point 661) in the X translation and
the Y and Z rotations.
• Restrain the grid points on side B (from grid point 1 to grid point 641) in the Y translation and X
and Z rotations.
• Internal pressure p = p0 * Z/L with p0 = 20000 Pa.
Solution Type
Results

σ11(Pa) 321.0 Any 0 8.800E3
L/2σ22 (Pa) 321.0 x = L/2 5.000E5 4.970E5
ΔR (m) 321.0 x = L/2 2.380E–6 2.380E–6
ΔL (m) 1.000 x=L –2.860E–6 2.860E–6
Ψ (rad) 321.0 1.190E–6 1.190E–6
Ψ represents the rotation of a generator.
Post Processing
• σ11is the stress of z at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• σ22 is the stress of y at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2
• ΔR is the displacement of x at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2
• ΔL is the displacement of z at grid point 1 in coordinate system 2
• Ψ is the rotation of y at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2
References
Gravity Loading on a Thin Wall Cylinder

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by its own weight. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SSLS09/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.
Input Files
• ssls09a.dat linear quadrilateral, thin shell
• ssls09b.dat axisymmetric
Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• γ = 7.85 x 104 N/m3
• Mass = 8002 kg/m3
Test 1
• 84 grid points
Test 2
• 20 linear axisymmetric (CCONEAX) elements
• 21 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Axial displacement = 0 m at the z = 0 section.
• Gravity loading; gravity acts in the z-direction.
Solution Type
Results
Type Test Axial Grid Point ID Bench NX Nastran

Number Location Value Value(1)
σ22 (Pa) 1 z = fixed end 2 0 –1.570E3
2 2 1.244E2
σ11 (Pa) 1 z = fixed end 2 3.140E5 3.022E5
2 2 3.061E5
Δz (m) 1 z = free end 1 2.990E–6 2.990E–6
2 1 –2.990E–6
ΔR (m) 1 z = fixed end 2 –4.490E–7 –4.392E–7
2 2 –4.479E–7
Ψ (rad) 1 z = middle 10 1.120E–7 1.121E–7
2 12 –1.118E–7
(1)In the Test Number 1 model, gravity acts in the +z-direction, the fixed end of the cylinder is at z
= 0, and the free end of the cylinder is at z = +4. In the Test Number 2 model, gravity acts in the
-z-direction, the fixed end of the cylinder is at z = +2, and the free end of the cylinder is at z = -2.
These differences give rise to different signs for the Δz and Ψ results.

Post Processing
Test 1
• σ11 is the stress of z at grid point 2 in coordinate system 2
• σ22is the stress of x at grid point 2 in coordinate system 2
• Δz is the displacement of z at grid point 1 in coordinate system 2
• ΔR is the displacement of x at grid point 2 in coordinate system 2
• Ψ is the rotation of y at grid point 10 in coordinate system 2
References
Pinched Cylindrical Shell

This test is a linear statics analysis of a cylindrical shell with grid point forces, F, pinching as shown.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS20/89 from Guide de validation des
Input Files
• ssls20a.dat linear triangle thin shells
• ssls20b.dat linear quadrilateral thin shells
Units
SI

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Material Properties
• E = 10.5 x 106 Pa
• ν = 0.3125
Test 1
• 173 grid points
Test 2
• 165 grid points

Boundary Conditions
• Free conditions
To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY, XZ, and YZ planes.
• Grid point forces Fy = –25 N at point D
Solution Type
Results
Type Point Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

Disp. Y (Grid point 3) ν(m) D –113.9E-3 1 –114.4E–3
Disp. Y (Grid point 3) 2 –113.3E–3
Post Processing
• ν(m) is the displacement of y at grid point 3 (quadrilateral).
References
Spherical Shell with a Hole

This test is a linear statics analysis of a spherical shell with a hole with grid point forces. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS21/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Input Files
• ssls21a.dat – linear quadrilateral thing shells
• ssls21b.dat – linear triangle thin shells
• ssls21c – parabolic quadrilateral thin shells
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 6.285 x 107 Pa
• ν = 0.3

Test 1
• 121 grid points
Test 2
• 121 grid points
Test 3
• 441 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Free conditions
To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY and YZ planes.
• Grid point forces F = 2 Newtons

Due to the symmetric boundary conditions, only half of the load is applied.
Solution Type
Results
Result Point Bench Test NX Nastran

Value Number
u (m) grid point 111 A(R,0,0) 9.400E–2 1 102.0E–3
Grid point 111 2 102.1E–3
Grid point 421 3 100.9E–3
References
Bending Load on a Cylindrical Shell

This test is a linear statics analysis of a cylindrical shell with bending and membrane effect. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS23/89 from Guide de validation des

Input Files
• ssls23a.dat (Test 1, linear)
• ssls23b.dat (Test 2, parabolic)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Test 1
• 78 grid points
Test 2
• 215 grid points
Boundary Conditions
• AB side: Clamped in local system coordinates.
• AD and BC sides: Restrain Z translation, θx and θy.
• DC side: Set bending moment CZ to 1000 Nm/m. Set in plane force to 0.6E6 N/m.
• ABCD surface: Set internal pressure to 0.6E06 N/m**2.
• AD and DC sides are restrained in the global coordinate system.
Solution Type

Results
Use coordinate system 3 (the cylindrical coordinate system) to display the results.
Results are post-processed using the Shell surface middle option.
Result Point Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

Grid point 35 E 60.00 MPa 1 60.70
Grid point 93 2 59.60
References
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis of a plate with pressure loading and simple supports. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS24/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input Files
• ssls24a.dat (Test 1, coarse mesh)
• ssls24b.dat (Test 2, fine mesh)
• ssls24c.dat (Test 3, very fine mesh)
Units
SI

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Material Properties
• E = 1.0 x 107 Pa
• ν = 0.3
Test 1 — a/b = 1
• 121 grid points
Test 2 — a/b = 2
• 231 grid points
Test 3 — a/b = 5
• 561 grid points

Boundary Conditions
Restraints
• All edges: w = 0
• One corner fixed
Loads
• Set pressure = 1 N/m**2 in the –Z direction
Solution Type
Results
Result a/b Parameters Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

61z direction 1.000 1.000α 0.004440 1 0.004500
116z direction 2.000 2.000α 0.01110 2 0.01110
281z direction 5.000 5.000α 0.01417 3 0.01406
61x component top 1.000 1.000β 2874. 1 2867.
surface
116x component top 2.000 2.000β 6102. 2 6034.
surface

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Result a/b Parameters Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

281x component top 5.000 5.000β 7476. 3 7331.
surface
Where:
q = distributed load
b = dimension
t = thickness
E = elastic modules
β values of reference from the Guide de Validation are incorrect. The correct values are extracted
from Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young).
Note
Note that the shell top surface corresponds to the side of the plate with negative global
Z coordinates.
References
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a plate with pressure and
transverse bending. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS25/89 from Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
• b = 1.0 m
• a = 2.0 m

Input Files
• ssls25a.dat (Test 1)
• ssls25b.dat (Test 2)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 36.0 x 106 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• a/b = 2
• Linear quadratic thin shell (CQUAD4) elements
Test 1
• θ = 30°
Test 2
• θ = 45°

Chapter
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Boundary Conditions
• All edges: w = 0, one corner fixed
• Pressure = 1 N/m2 in the –Z direction
Solution Type
Results
Parameter Test Case Bench Value NX Nastran

α Test 1 z displacement 116z displacement
ssls25a –3.277E–3 m –2.963E–3 m
β Y stress 116y stress
–5.700E3 N/m2 –5.831E3 N/m2
α Test 2 z displacement 116z displacement
ssls25b –3.000E-3 m –2.720E–3 m
β Y stress 116Y stress
–5.390E3 N/m2 –5.441E3 N/m2
Where:
q = distributed load
b = dimension

t = thickness
E = elastic modulus
Values of reference from the Guide de validation are incorrect. The correct values are extracted from
Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young), table 26, case number 14a.
References
Shear Loading on a Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin plate with torque and shear loading. It provides the
Input Files
• ssls27a.dat (Test 1, Mindlin)
• ssls27b.dat (Test 2, Kirchoff)
• ssls27c.dat (Test 3, Mindlin)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 1.0 x 107 Pa
• ν = 0.25

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Test 1 — Mindlin
• 14 grid points
Test 2 — Kirchhoff
• 14 grid points
Test 3 — Mindlin
• 75 grid points
All tests are executed with mapped meshing
Boundary Conditions
• Clamp AD side
• Point B: grid point force Fz = –1N
• Point C: grid point force –Fz = 1N
Solution Type

Results at Location C
Displacement at Grid Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

point
14.00 3.537E–2 1 3.585E–2
14.00 3.537E–2 2 3.573E–2
75.00 3.537E–2 3 3.603E–2
References
6.4 Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Solid

Elements
Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension
This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid cylinder with tension-compression. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLV01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Input Files
• sslv01a.dat (Test 1)
• sslv01b.dat (Test 2)
• sslv01c.dat (Test 3)
• sslv01d.dat (Test 4)
• sslv01e.dat (Test 5)
• sslv01f.dat (Test 6)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.0 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.30

Test 1
• 155 parabolic tetrahedron (CTETRA) elements
• 342 grid points
Test 2
• 144 linear brick (CHEXA) elements & 48 linear solid wedge (CPENTA) elements
• 307 grid points
Test 3 (Results for this test will be provided in the NX Nastran 7 Verification Manual)
• 48 linear quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements
• 65 grid points
• 96 linear triangular axisymmetric solid elements
• 65 grid points
• 18 parabolic quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements
• 95 grid points
Test 6
• 864 linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 2 into 6
pyramid elements. 48 linear wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.

Chapter
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Boundary Conditions
• Uniaxial deformation of the cylinder section
• Set uniformly distributed force –F/A on the free end in the Z direction
• F/A = 100 MPa
Solution Type
Results
linear statics
* axisymmetric data will be provided in version 7
Point Grid Displacement Bench Test NX Nastran

Point Value Number
A&C 6 u (m) 1.500E–3 1 1.500E–3
A&C 279 2 1.500E–3
A&C 1 3 *
A&C 4 4 *
A&C 1 5 *

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Point Value Number
A&C 279 6 1.500E–3
B 4 u (m) 1.500E–3 1 1.500E–3
B 307 2 1.500E–3
B 53 3 *
B 3 4 *
B 39 5 *
B 307 6 1.500E–3
D 37 u (m) 1.000E-3 1 1.000E–3
D 189 2 1.000E–3
D 5 3 *
D 25 4 *
D 7 5 *
D 189 6 1.000E–3
E 41 u (m) 0.5000E-3 1 0.500E–3
E 99 2 0.500E–3
E 9 3 *
E 29 4 *
E 13 5 *
E 99 6 0.500E–3
A&C 6 w (m) –0.1500E–3 1 –0.150E–3
A&C 279 2 –0.150E–3
A&C 1 3 *
A&C 4 4 *
A&C 1 5 *
A&C 279 6 –0.1500E–3
D 37 w (m) –0.1500E-3 1 –0.1500E–3
D 189 2 –0.1500E–3
D 5 3 *
D 25 4 *
D 7 5 *
D 189 6 –0.1500E–3
E 41 w (m) –0.1500E–3 1 –0.1500E–3
E 99 2 –0.1500E–3
E 9 3 *
E 29 4 *
E 13 5 *


Point Value Number
E 99 6 –0.1500E–3
Post Processing
To view the results for Test 1 and Test 2, use coordinate system 2 (cylindrical). u is the radial
displacement and w is the axial displacement.
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLV01/89.
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick sphere with internal pressure. It provides the input data
and results for benchmark test SSLV03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.
Input Files
Units
SI

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Material Properties
• E = 2 x 105 Pa
• ν = 0.3
Test 1
• 1600 linear brick (CHEXA) elements & linear solid wedge (CPENTA) elements
• 1898 grid points
Test 2
• 200 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements & 50 solid wedge (CPENTA) elements
• 451 grid points
Test 5
• Linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 1 into 6
pyramid elements. Wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.
Test 6
• Parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 2 into 6
pyramid elements. Wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.

The meshes from these tests are shown in the following figure:

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• The equivalent of the center of the sphere being fixed is modeled via symmetric boundary
conditions.
• Uniform radial pressure = 100 MPa.
Solution Type
Results
Point Grid Displacement Bench Test Number NX Nastran

Point Stress Value
r=1 m 1 σrr (MPa) –100.0 1 –90.15
1 2 –97.29
451 3 *
451 4 *
1 5 –90.84
1 6 -103.8
1 σθ (MPa) 71.43 1 72.09


Point Stress Value
1 2 77.23
451 3 *
451 4 *
1 5 72.06
1 6 73.30
1 u (m) 0.4000E–3 1 0.4000E–3
1 2 0.4000E–3
451 3 *
451 4 *
1 5 0.3991E–3
1 6 0.4006E–3

Chapter
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Point Stress Value
r=2 m 1826 σrr (MPa) 0 1 –0.0280
2221 2 0.2240
411 3 *
411 4 *
1826 5 –0.2530
2221 6 –0.5259
1826 σθ (MPa) 21.43 1 21.18
2221 2 21.18
411 3 *
411 4 *
1826 5 21.40
2221 6 21.74
1826 u (m) 1.500E–4 1 1.500E–4
2221 2 1.500E–4
411 3 *
411 4 *
1826 5 1.506E–4
2221 6 1.499E–4
All stress results are averaged. Use the spherical coordinate system for the stress results.
References
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Infinite Cylinder

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick cylinder with internal pressure. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SSLV04/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2 x 105 mPa
• ν = 0.3
Test 1
• 400 linear brick (CHEXA) elements
• 902 grid points
Test 2
• 240 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Test 3
• 656 grid points
Test 4
Test 5
pyramid elements.
Test 6
• Parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 2 into
6 pyramid elements.
The brick meshes are shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
• Unlimited cylinder
• Internal pressure p = 60 MPa
Solution Type
Results
All results are averaged.
Test Case Grid Displacement / Stress Bench Value NX Nastran

Point
sslv04a 411 σr –60.00 (MPa) –57.00
sslv04b 977 –60.00
sslv04c 616 *
sslv04d 1831 *
sslv04e 411 –57.30
sslv04f 977 –60.74
sslv04a 411 σθ 100.0 (MPa) 99.70
sslv04b 977 102.0
sslv04c 616 *
sslv04d 1831 *
sslv04e 411 99.68
sslv04f 977 100.9
sslv04a 411 τmax 80.00 (MPa) 79.34
sslv04b 977 81.00
sslv04c 616 *
sslv04d 1831 *

Chapter
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Test Case Grid Displacement / Stress Bench Value NX Nastran

Point
sslv04e 411 80.82
sslv04f 977 80.82
sslv04a 411 ur 59.00E–6 (m) 59.00E–6
sslv04b 977 59.00E–6
sslv04c 616 *
sslv04d 1831 *
sslv04e 411 58.85E–6
sslv04f 977 59.00E–6
sslv04a 451 σr 0 (MPa) –0.006500
sslv04b –0.04480
sslv04c *
sslv04d *
sslv04e –0.1563
sslv04f –0.1900
sslv04a σθ 40.00 (MPa) 39.66
sslv04b 40.39
sslv04c *
sslv04d *
sslv04e 39.84
sslv04f 40.16
sslv04a τmax 20.00 (MPa) 20.08

sslv04b 20.17
sslv04c 20.07
sslv04d 19.99
sslv04e 20.10
sslv04f 20.17
sslv04a ur 40.00E–6 (m) 40.00E–6
sslv04b 40.00E–6
sslv04c *
sslv04d *
sslv04e 39.93E–6
sslv04f 40.00E–6

References
Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending

This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid rod with bending. It provides the input data and results
for benchmark test SSLV08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Input Files
Units
SI

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Material Properties
• E = 2 x 105 MPa
• ν = 0.3

Test 1
• 198 linear solid tetrahedral (CTETRA) elements
• 76 grid points
Test 2
• 198 parabolic solid tetrahedral (CTETRA) elements
• 409 grid points
Test 3
• 117 grid points
Test 4 — Mapped meshing

• 48 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements
• 381 grid points
Test 5
• 288 linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 3 into
6 pyramid elements.
Test 6
• 288 parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 4 into
6 pyramid elements.

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Clamp Point B.
• Other points of B section: Set Z-displacement to 0. NOTE: In these tests some grid points of
section B are also restrained in the x direction about the x-axis at the free end of the rod.
• Set moment Mx equal to (4/3)E+7 N.m
Solution Type
Results
Test # Point Grid Displacement Bench Value NX Nastran

Point Stress
1 F or G 5 σzz –10.00E6 (Pa) –4.268E6
2 5 –10.03E6
3 75 –10.00E6
4 245 –9.995E6
5 75 –7.929E6
6 245 –9.992E6
1 A 26 uA 4.000E–4 (m) 2.964E–4
2 90 4.000E–4
3 77 4.000E–4
4 251 4.000E–4

Test # Point Grid Displacement Bench Value NX Nastran

Point Stress
5 77 3.443E–4
6 251 4.000E–4
1 H 19 wB 2.000E–4 (m) 2.000E–4
2 40 2.000E–4
3 76 2.000E–4
4 249 2.000E–4
5 76 1.721E–4
6 249 2.000E–4
1 F or G 5 vF = -vG 0.1500E-4 (m) 0.07450E–4
2 5 0.1508E–4
3 75 0.1500E–4
4 245 0.1503E–4
5 75 0.1005E–4
6 245 0.1503E–4
1 D or E 8 vD = -vE -0.1500E-4 (m) –6.262E–4
2 8 –0.1505E–4
3 73 –0.1500E–4
4 241 –0.1503E–4
5 73 –0.1005E–4
6 241 –0.1503E–4
References
Thick Plate Clamped at Edges

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick plate with pressure and transverse bending. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV09/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3

Test 1
• 25 parabolic linear brick (CHEXA) elements
• 228 grid points
• λ =10, 20, 50, 75, 100
Test 2
• 36 grid points
• λ =10, 20, 50, 75, 100
Test 3
• 150 linear pyramid solid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test
1 into 6 pyramid elements
Test 2 is done using CQUAD4 elements with the thicknesses specified in the physical property table.

Chapter
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Boundary Conditions
• AB and AD sides: clamped
• BC and DC sides: symmetry
• Load case 1:
Pressure p = 1E06 Pascals in –Z direction
• Load case 2: Point C
Grid Point force F = 1E06 N in –Z direction
Solution Type
SOL 101 Linear statics

Results
Test Case 1 (z displacement at location C)

Part Load Case Grid Point Analytical Reference FEM NX Nastran
Name
10 Pressure 242 –0.6552E-4 –0.7620E–4 –0.7379E–4
Force 242 –0.2915E-3 –0.4300E–3 –0.3684E–3

20 Pressure 1242 –0.5242E-3 –0.5383E–3 –0.5266E–3
Force 1242 –0.2332E–2 –0.2535E–2 –0.2456E–2
50 Pressure 2242 –0.8190E–2 –0.8029E–2 –0.7935E–2
Force 2242 –0.3643E–1 –0.3574E–1 –0.3602E–1
75 Pressure 3242 –0.2764E–1 –0.2690E–1 –0.2666E-1
Force 3242 –0.1230 –0.1184 –0.1206
100 Pressure 4242 –0.6552E–1 –0.6339E–1 –0.6305E–1
Force 4242 –0.2915 –0.2779 –0.2849

Name
10 Pressure 1 –0.6552E–4 –0.7866E–4 –0.8131E–4
Force 1 –0.2915E–3 –0.4109E–3 –0.4050E–3

20 Pressure 36 –0.5242E–3 –0.5557E–3 –0.5775E–3
Force 36 –0.2332E–2 –0.2595E–2 –0.2668E–2
50 Pressure 36 –0.8190E–2 –0.8348E–2 –0.8669E–2
Force 36 –0.3643E–1 –0.3745E–1 –0.3878E–1
75 Pressure 36 –0.2764E–1 –0.2805E–1 –0.2906E–1
Force 36 –0.1230 –0.1253 –0.1292
100 Pressure 36 –0.6552E–1 –0.6639E–1 –0.6864E–1
Force 36 –0.2915 -0.2958 –0.3042

Name
10 Pressure 242 –0.6552E-4 –0.7620E–4 –0.7491E–4
Force 242 –0.2915E-3 –0.4300E–3 –0.3736E–3

20 Pressure 1242 –0.5242E-3 –0.5383E–3 –0.5342E–3
Force 1242 –0.2332E–2 –0.2535E–2 –0.2458E–2
50 Pressure 2242 –0.8190E–2 –0.8029E–2 –0.7875E–2
Force 2242 –0.3643E–1 –0.3574E–1 –0.3470E–1
75 Pressure 3242 –0.2764E–1 –0.2690E–1 –0.2605E-1
Force 3242 –0.1230 –0.1184 –0.1135

Chapter
des Mecaniciens

Name
100 Pressure 4242 –0.6552E–1 –0.6339E–1 –0.6068E–1
Force 4242 –0.2915 –0.2779 –0.2627
References
6.5 Mechanical Structures — Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis
Lumped Mass-Spring System

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis of an elastic link with lumped mass. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLD02/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input File
sdld02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
Spring constant

• 8 lumped mass (CONM2) elements
• 9 spring (CBUSH) elements
• 8 grid points
Boundary Conditions
• Clamp points A and B
• Other points:
ν=0;θ=0
Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Modes

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Results
Frequency Results (Hz)
Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 5.527 5.527
2 10.89 10.89
3 15.92 15.92
4 20.46 20.46
5 24.38 24.38
6 27.57 27.57
7 29.91 29.91
8 31.35 31.35
Mode Shapes Results
The mode shapes results are exact. The multiplication coefficient is 3.162.
Normal Mode Point Bench Value NX Nastran

1 P1 0.1612 0.05100
P2 0.3030 0.09580
P3 0.4082 0.1291
P4 0.4642 0.1468
P5 0.4642 0.1468
P6 0.4082 0.1291
P7 0.3030 0.09580
P8 0.1612 0.05100
8 P1 0.1612 0.05100
P2 –0.3030 –0.09580
P3 0.4082 0.1291
P4 –0.4642 –0.1468
P5 0.4642 0.1468
P6 –0.4082 –0.1291
P7 0.3030 0.09580
P8 –0.1612 –0.05100
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLD02/89, p. 178.

Short Beam on Simple Supports

This test is a modal analysis of a straight short beam with simple supports both inline and offset. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL01/89 from Guide de validation des
Input Files
• sdll01a.dat (Test 1)
• sdll01b.dat (Test 2)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2 x 101111 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• 11 grid points

Boundary Conditions
Problem 1
• Point A (grid point 1): Constrain in all directions, except the Z rotation.
• Point B (grid point 2): Constrain in the Y and Z translations and X and Y rotations.
• All other grid points (3-11): Constrain in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.
• No load case.
Problem 2
• Point C (grid point 1): Constrain in all directions, except the Z rotation.
• Point D (grid point 2): Constrain in the Y and Z translations and X and Y rotations.
• All other grid points (3-11): Constrain in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.
• No load case.
Solution Type

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Results
Problem 1: Frequency results (Hz)

Bending 1 431.6 437.2
Tension 1 1266. 1265.
Bending 2 1498. 1539.
Bending 3 2871. 2925.
Tension 2 3798. 3763.
Bending 4 4378. 4328.
Mode Number Bench Value NX Nastran

1 392.8 398.5
2 902.2 927.3
3 1592. 1666.
4 2629. 2815.
5 3126. 3266.
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL01/89.
Axial Loading on a Rod

This test is a modal analysis of a simply-supported beam with stress stiffening. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SDLL05/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.
Input Files
• sdll05a.dat
• sdll05b.dat

Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2 x 1011 Pa
• ρ = 7800 kg/m3
• 11 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Points A: u = v = 0
• Points B: v = 0
• Load case 2 (grid point 2): Fx = 1E05N in –X direction
• Stress stiffening on
Solution Type
Results
Frequency results (Hz)
Load Case Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 Bending 1 28.70 28.68
Bending 2 114.8 114.4
2 Bending 1 22.43 22.40
Bending 2 109.1 108.7
References
Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section

This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam with a variable section. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLL09/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de

Input Files
• sdll09a.dat
• sdll09b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2 x 1011 Pa
• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

• 10 tapered beam (CBEAM) elements
• 11 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Clamp point A
• No load case
Solution Type
Results
β Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

4 1 54.18 54.24
2 171.9 172.4
3 384.4 384.9
4 697.2 695.4
5 1112. 1104.
5 1 56.55 56.59
2 175.8 176.3
3 389.0 389.5
4 702.4 700.6
5 1118. 1109.
References
Thin Circular Ring

This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SDLL11/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
sdll11.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 7.2 x 1010 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 2700 kg/m3

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• 36 grid points
Boundary Conditions
• Free conditions
• Create one constraint set (kinematic DOF) to fully constrain the three grid points shown below
(grid points 7, 21, 30).
• No load case

Solution Type
Results
Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran ADS #

Plane mode 1,2,3 0 0 1.000, 2.000, 3.000
Plane mode 4,5 318.4 319.0 7.000, 8.000
Plane mode 6,7 900.5 900.9 11.00, 12.00
Plane mode 8,9 1727. 1724. 15.00, 16.00
Plane mode 10,11 2792. 2781. 17.00, 18.00
Transverse Mode 0 0 4.000, 5.000, 6.000
1,2,3
Transverse Mode 4,5 511.0 511.0 9.000, 10.00
Transverse Mode 6,7 1590. 1585. 13.00, 14.00
Transverse Mode 8,9 3184. 3159. 19.00, 20.00
References
Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points

This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SDLL12/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Input File
sdll12.dat

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 7.2 x 1010 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 2700 kg/m3
• 29 grid points

Boundary Conditions
• Points A and B: Clamped in local coordinate system
• No load case
Solution Type
Results

1 235.3 235.9
2 575.3 575.2
3 1106. 1103.
4 1406. 1399.
5 1751. 1743.
6 2557. 2536.
7 2802. 2723.
References

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow

This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam, and a thin curved beam. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLL14/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input Files
• sdll14a.dat (test 1, L=0)
• sdll14b.dat (test 2, L=0.6)
• sdll14c.dat (test 3, L=2.0)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

• L = 0 or L = 0.6:
18 linear beam (CBAR) elements
19 grid points
• L = 2:
28 linear beam (CBAR) elements
29 grid points
Two of the meshes are shown in the following figure:

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Clamp points C and D
• Point A: v = 0; w = 0
• Point B: u = 0; w = 0
Solution Type
Results
L Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran ADS#

0 Transverse 1 44.23 44.07 1.000
Plane 1 119.0 119.2 2.000
Transverse 2 125.0 125.4 3.000
Plane 2 227.0 225.0 4.000
0.6000 Transverse 1 33.40 33.15 1.000
Plane 1 94.00 94.42 2.000
Transverse 2 100.0 98.50 3.000
Plane 2 180.0 183.7 4.000
2.000 Transverse 1 17.90 17.65 1.000
Plane 1 24.80 24.40 3.000
Transverse 2 25.30 24.94 2.000

L Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran ADS#

Plane 2 27.00 26.67 4.000
References
Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass

This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam and a lumped mass. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SDLL15/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.
Input Files
• sdll15a.dat
• sdll15b.dat
Units
SI

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ρ = 7800 kg/m3
Test 1:
• 10 linear beam (CBEAM) elements
• 1 rigid (RBAR) element from point B to point C
• 1 lumped mass (CONM2) element at point C
• 11 grid points
Test 2:
• 1 rigid (RBAR) element from point B to point C
• 1 lumped mass (CONM2) element at point C
• 11 grid points
The mesh both tests is is shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
• Clamp point A

Solution Type
SOL 103 normal mode dynamics — SVI
Results
yc Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

0 Transverse 1,2 1.650 1.650
Transverse 3,4 16.07 15.88
Transverse 5,6 50.02 48.64
Tension 1 76.47 76.42
Torsion 1 80.47 80.68
Transverse 7,8 103.2 97.89
1 1 1.636 1.633
2 1.642 1.638
3 13.46 13.36
4 13.59 13.59
5 28.90 29.20
6 31.96 31.57
7 61.61 59.85
8 63.93 61.72
Mode shapes results
yc Normal Mode Modal Displacement Bench Value NX Nastran

1 1 wc/wb 1.030 1.030
2 uc/vb 0.1480 –0.1480
3 uc/vb 2.882 –2.904
4 wc/wb –0.9220 –0.9800
• wc = z displacement at point C
• wb = z displacement at point B
• uc = x displacement at point C
• vb = y displacement at point B
References

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free)

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin plate. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input Files
• sdls01a.dat
• sdls01b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 7800 kg/m3


• 121 grid points
Boundary Conditions
• Problem 1: AB side clamped
• Problem 2: Free plate; 1 kinematic DOF set (grid points 1, 11, 111)
Solution Type

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Results

1 8.727 8.638
2 21.30 20.89
3 53.55 52.42
4 68.30 65.77
5 77.74 75.14
6 136.0 127.8

7 33.71 32.91
8 49.46 47.42
9 61.05 59.19
10,11 87.52 83.08
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLS01/89..
Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate


Input Files
sdls03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 7800 kg/m3
• 176 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Z-displacement = 0 on all sides of the plate
• One DOF set
• No load case
Solution Type
Results

1 35.63 35.27
2 68.51 67.29
3 109.6 108.5
4 123.3 120.8
5 142.5 138.2
6 197.3 188.2
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLS03/89.
Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub


• Re = 0.1 m
• Ri = 0.2 m
• Thickness = .001 m
Input Files
sdls04.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• 440 grid points
Boundary Conditions
• If r = Ri: Clamp in local coordinate system.
• No load case.

Solution Type
Results

1 79.26 79.22
2,3 81.09 80.72
4,5 89.63 88.83
6,7 112.8 111.3
8,9 Not available 152.7
18 518.9 510.9
19,20 528.6 519.7
21,22 559.1 546.2
23 609.7 590.3
References
Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a cylindrical thin shell.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS05/89 from Guide de validation des

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• α = 0.5 rad
• AD = L = 0.3048m
• r = 2L = 0.6096m
• thickness = 3.048 x 10–3 m
Input Files
• sdls05a.dat (coarse mesh)
• sdls05b.dat (fine mesh)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.0685 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 7857.2 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling — Coarse Mesh
• 121 grid points
The coarse mesh is shown in the following figure:
Finite Element Modeling — Fine Mesh
• 256 grid points
The fine mesh is shown in the following figure:

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• AD side: Clamped in local coordinate system.
Solution Type
Results
Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran coarse NX Nastran fine mesh

mesh
1 85.60 84.60 85.30
2 134.5 137.1 137.8
3 259.0 240.7 243.9
4 351.0 333.3 338.1
5 395.0 370.0 378.3
6 531.0 503.7 515.4
References
Bending of a Symmetric Truss

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (plane problem) of a straight cantilever beam structure.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX01/89 from Guide de validation des

• h = 0.0048 m
• b = 0.029 m
• A = 1.392 x 10–4 m2
• Iz = 2.673 x 10–10 m4
Input File
sdlx01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• 24 grid points
Boundary Conditions
Solution Type

Results

1 8.800 8.769
2 29.40 29.34
3 43.80 43.82
4 56.30 56.25
5 96.20 95.43
6 102.6 102.5
7 147.1 146.2
8 174.8 173.1
9 178.8 177.4
10 206.0 202.9
11 266.4 262.4
12 320.0 309.7
13 335.0 321.9
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLX01/89.
Hovgaard's Problem — Pipes with Flexible Elbows

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a straight cantilever
beam structure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX02/89 from Guide de

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• A = 0.3439 x 10E–2 m2
• R = 0.922 m
• e = 0.00612 m
• Re = 0.0925 m
• Ri = 0.08638 m
• Iy = Iz = 0.1377x10–4 m4 (straight elements)
• Iy = Iz = 0.5887x10–5 m4 (curved elements)
Input Files
sdlx02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 1.658 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 13404.106 kg/m3

• 26 grid points
Boundary Conditions

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Solution Type
Results

1 10.18 10.39
2 19.54 19.85
3 25.47 25.32
4 48.09 47.74
5 52.86 51.78
6 75.94 83.00
7 80.11 85.12
8 122.3 125.8
9 123.2 127.7
References
Rectangular Plates
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three dimensional problem) of a thin plate with rigid
body modes. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX03/89 from Guide de
Input Files
sdlx03.dat

Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
• ν = 0.3
• ρ = 7800 kg / m3
• 320 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Free plate
• One DOF set
Solution Type
Results

1 584.0 577.0
2 826.0 813.0
3 855.0 844.0
4 911.0 895.0
5 1113. 1062.
6 1136. 1118.
References

6.6 Mechanical Structures — Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis and

Model Response
Transient Response of a Spring-Mass System with Acceleration Loading
This test is an undamped transient response by modal superposition. It provides the input data and
results for benchmark test SDLD04/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Where:
• m = 1 kg
• k = 1000 N/m
Input Files
sdld04.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
Spring constant.
• 3 lumped mass (CONM) elements
• 3 translational spring (CELAS) elements

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Points A: Clamped (u = v = 0 : θ - 0)
• Points B, C and D: v = 0 ; = 0
• Point A: Set acceleration: ű(t) = 2E5 * (t2) ; (0 < t < 0.1 s)
• Initial condition: u(0) = 0 ; u(0) = 0 at every point
The mesh and the boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:
Solution Type
SOL 112 — Modal Transient Response
Results
The mode shapes results are exact.

1 2.239 2.239
2 6.275 6.275
3 9.069 9.069
Mode shapes results

1 B 0.4450 0.4450
C 0.8019 0.8019
D 1.000 1.000


2 B 1.000 1.000
C 0.4450 0.4450
D –0.8019 –0.8019
B –0.8019 –0.8019
C 1.000 1.000
D –0.4450 –0.4450
Transient response (Point D: X-displacement in meters)
Time (sec) Bench Value NX Nastran

0.02000 –0.002700 –0.002670
0.04000 –0.04260 –0.04270
0.05000 –0.1041 –0.1041
0.06000 –0.2158 –0.2160
0.08000 –0.6813 –0.6818
0.1000 –1.658 –1.659

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLD04/89.
Transient Response of a Clamped-free Post

This test is a transient response of a straight cantilever beam with acceleration and force loadings,
and modal damping. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL06/89 from "Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Input Files
sdll06.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 4 x 1010 Pa
• Iz = 3.285 x 10–1 m4
• ρ=0
• 9 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
To apply an acceleration üA(t) at point A, we can do the following:

• Points A: Clamped (u = v = 0 : θ - 0)
• Point B: Set nodal force Fx(t) equal to mB * üA(t) in the -X direction
Fx(t) = –m * üA(t)
• Initial conditions: u(0) = 0 ; u (0) = 0 at every point
The mesh and the boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 109 — Direct Transient Response
Results
uB displacement (mm)
Time (s) Bench Value NX Nastran

0.01000 –0.06500 –0.06570
0.02000 –0.5130 –0.5152
0.03000 –1.679 –1.682
0.04000 –3.457 –3.464
0.05000 –5.316 –5.333
0.06000 –6.764 –6.804
0.07000 –7.609 –7.682
0.08000 –7.774 –7.891
0.09000 –7.244 –7.413
0.1000 –6.068 –6.289
0.1200 –2.242 –2.542
0.1400 2.367 2.070
0.1600 6.149 5.977
0.1800 7.783 7.847
0.2000 6.698 7.042
The problem with damping is not computed.

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
References
6.7 Stationary Thermal Tests — Heat Transfer Analysis
Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with fixed
temperatures. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA01/89 from "Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

• Re = 0.30 m
• Ri = 0.35 m
Input Files
htpla01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• λ = 1 W/m °C

• 10 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRIAX6) elements
Boundary Conditions
• One temperature set:

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
– Internal temperature Ti = 100 °C
– External temperature Te = 20 °C
Solution Type
SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer
Results
Temperature results
Radius (m) Bench Value (°C) NX Nastran (°C)

0.3000 100.0 100.0
0.3100 82.98 82.98
0.3200 66.51 66.51
0.3300 50.54 50.54
0.3400 35.04 35.04
0.3500 20.00 20.00
Flux results
Radius (m) Bench Value (W/m2) NX Nastran (W/m2)

0.3000 1730. 1702.
0.3100 1674. 1666.
0.3200 1622. 1614.
0.3300 1573. 1565.
0.3400 1526. 1519.
0.3500 1483. 1505.
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLA01/89.
Hollow Cylinder - Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with convection. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA03/89 from "Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures."

• Re = 0.300 m
• Ri = 0.391 m
Input Files
htpla03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• λ = 40.0 W/m °C

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Convection on internal surface:

hi = 150.0 W/m2 / °C
Ti = 500 °C
• Convection on external surface:

he = 142.0 W/m2 / °C
Ti = 20 °C
Solution Type
Results
Temperature / Flux Bench Value NX Nastran

Ti (°C) 272.3 272.5
Te (°C) 205.1 204.6
i (W/m2) 3.416E4 3.378E4
e (W/m2) 2.628E4 2.642E4
φ/l=φ*2*π*R
So: φ / l= 34173.82 * 2 * π * 0.300 = 64416.13 W/m
References

Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric rod with fixed temperatures
and flux density. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA05/89 from "Guide de
Input Files
htpla05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• λ = 33.33 W/m °C
• 42 grid points

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• z=0
Set temperature to 0 °C
• z=1
• Cylindrical surface
Set flux to –200 W/m2

Solution Type
SOL 153 — Steady State Heat transfer
Results
Temperature results (°C)
Grid Point # z (m) Bench value NX Nastran

Grid point 3 0 0 0
Grid point 41 0.1000 -4.000 -4.020
Grid point 39 0.2000 4.000 3.980
Grid point 37 0.3000 24.00 23.97
Grid point 35 0.4000 56.00 55.97
Grid point 33 0.5000 100.0 99.97
Grid point 31 0.6000 156.0 156.0
Grid point 29 0.7000 224.0 224.0
Grid point 27 0.8000 304.0 304.0
Grid point 25 0.9000 396.0 396.0
Grid point 4 1.000 500 500.0
Results are post-processed on the internal surface. NX Nastran does not make the approximation, T
= cte when r is fixed.
References
Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with two materials
and convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA08/89 from "Guide de

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• Ri = 0.30 m
• Rm = 0.35 m
• Re = 0.37 m
Input Files
htpla08.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• Material 1: λ1 = 40.0 W/m °C
• 16 grid points

Boundary Conditions
• Convection on internal surface

hi = 150.0 W/m2 °C
Ti = 70 °C
• Convection on external surface

he = 200.0 W/m2 °C
Te = –15 °C
Solution Type
Results
Grid point # Temperature Flux Bench Value NX Nastran

Grid point 9 Ti (°C) 25.42 25.45
Grid point 14 Tm (°C) 17.69 17.68
Grid point 16 Te (°C) 12.11 12.09
Grid point 9 Grid point 9 i (W/m2) 6687. 6609.
Grid point 14 Grid point 14 5732. 5768.
m
(W/m**2)
Grid point 16 Grid point 16 e 5422. 5497.
(W/m2)
φ/l = φ * 2 * π * R
So: φ/l= 5733.33 * 2 * π * 0.35 = 12608.25 W/m

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
References
Wall-Convection
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with fixed convection. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test TPLL03/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures."
Input Files
htpl03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• λ = 1.0 W/m °C
• 1 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) element
• 4 grid points
The thin shell element thickness is set to 1 m.


Boundary Conditions

hA = 20.0 W/m2 °C
TA = –20.0 °C
• Convection on external surface

hB = 10.0 W/m2 °C
TB = 500.0 °C
• Convection coefficient is defined as

energy / (length * time * temperature) in the current system of units.
Solution Type

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Results
Grid point # Temperature/Flux Bench Value NX Nastran

Grid point 2 TA (°C) 21.71 21.71
Grid point 4 TB (°C) 416.6 416.6
Grid point 1 (W/m2) 834.2 834.3
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLL03/89.
Wall-Fixed Temperatures
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with fixed temperatures. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test TPLL01/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de

Input Files
htpl01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• λ = 0.75 W/m °C
• 6 grid points
Boundary Conditions
• Internal temperature Ti = 100 °C
• External temperature Te = 20 °C
Solution Type
Results
Grid point # Length: x (m) Bench Value NX Nastran

Grid point 1 0 100.0 100.0
Grid point 3 0.01000 84.00 84.00
Grid point 4 0.02000 68.00 68.00
Grid point 5 0.03000 52.00 52.00
Grid point 6 0.04000 36.00 36.00
Grid point 2 0.05000 20.00 20.00
The flux calculated with NX Nastran is exact:

= 1200 Ω / μ2
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLL01/89.

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
L-Plate
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D L-plate with fixed temperatures. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test TPLP01/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input Files
htpp01a.dat - linear quadrilateral thin shell elements

htpp01b.dat - parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements
Units
SI
Material Properties
• λ = 1.0 W/m °C
• Test 1 – 12 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements
• Test 2 – 12 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements

Boundary Conditions
• AF side
• DE side
Solution Type
SOL153 — Steady State Heat Transfer
Results
Temperature Results (°C)
Node Bench Value NX Nastran CQUAD4 NX Nastran CQUAD8

8 7.869 7.924 7.882
9 5.495 5.613 5.519

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Node Bench Value NX Nastran CQUAD4 NX Nastran CQUAD8

10 2.816 2.885 2.834
19 8.018 8.043 8.015
18 5.680 5.821 5.665
20 2.881 2.963 2.877
17 8.514 8.425 8.518
6 6.667 6.667 6.667
16 2.972 3.148 2.962
21 9.001 8.992 9.107
15 8.640 8.356 8.668
14 9.316 9.189 9.282
5 9.009 8.773 8.961
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLP01/89.
Orthotropic Square
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a square plate with orthotropic conduction and
convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLP02/89 from "Guide de
Input Files
htpp02.dat
Units
SI

Material Properties
• λx = 1.00 W/m °C
• λx =.75 W/m °C

• 121 grid points
The thin shell element thickness is set to 1 m.

Boundary Conditions
• Flux density y = 60 W/m2 for face y = –0.1. (Entry)
• Flux density y = –60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1. (Exit)
• Convection on the faces X = –0.1 and x = 0.1:

– h = 15.0 W/m2 °C
• Linear variation of the external temperatures:

– Te = 30 – 80y on the face x = –0.1
– Te = 15 – 80y on the face x = 0.1
• Convection coefficient is defined as:

– Energy / (length * time * temperature)
• Flux density is defined as:

– Energy / (length * time) in the current system of units

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Solution Type
Results
Temperature Results
Point Bench Value (°C) NX Nastran (°C)

0 22.50 22.50
A 35.00 34.80
B 26.00 25.80
C 10.00 10.20
D 19.00 19.20
E 30.50 30.50
F 18.00 18.00
G 14.50 14.50
H 27.00 27.00
Flux Results (W/m2)
Grid Point Bench Value NX Nastran
61 X 45.00 45.00
61 Y 60.00 59.55

References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLP02/89.
Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with fixed temperatures and
convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV02/89 from "Guide de
• Ri = 0.30 m
• Re = 0.35 m
Input Files
htpv02.dat (CHEXA and CPENTA)
htpv02p.dat (CPYRAM and CPENTA)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• λ = 1 W/m °C

Test 1: Brick and wedge element test
• 500 linear brick (CHEXA) and linear wedge (CPENTA) elements
• 766 grid points

The test is executed on 1/8 mapped meshed sphere.

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Test 2: Pyramid and wedge element test

pyramid elements. Linear wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.
Boundary Conditions

hi = 30 W/m2 °C
Ti = 100 °C
• Set external surface temperature Te to 20 °C
The load sets are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
Results
Test Radius r (m) Bench Value NX Nastran

Test 1 0.3000 65.00 64.88
Test 2 0.3000 65.00 64.86
Test 1 0.3100 54.84 54.75
Test 2 0.3100 54.84 54.72
Test 1 0.3200 45.31 45.25
Test 2 0.3200 45.31 45.23
Test 1 0.3300 36.36 36.33
Test 2 0.3300 36.36 36.30
Test 1 0.3400 27.94 27.92
Test 2 0.3400 27.94 27.91
Test 1 0.3500 20.00 20.00
Test 2 0.3500 20.00 20.00
Flux results (W/m 2): (X-direction)

Test 1 0.3000 1050. 1013.
Test 2 0.3000 1050. 1013.
Test 1 0.3100 983.4 981.4
Test 2 0.3100 983.4 981.6
Test 1 0.3200 922.9 921.2
Test 2 0.3200 922.9 921.3
Test 1 0.3300 867.5 866.3

Chapter
des Mecaniciens

Test 2 0.3300 867.5 866.3
Test 1 0.3400 817.5 816.3
Test 2 0.3400 817.5 816.1
Test 1 0.3500 771.4 792.4
Test 2 0.3500 771.4 792.1
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLV02/89.
Hollow Sphere with Two Materials - Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with two materials and convection.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV04/89 from "Guide de validation des
• Ri = 0.30 m
• Rm = 0.35 m
• Re = 0.37 m
Input Files
htpv04a.dat (CHEXA & CPENTA) elements

htpv04b.dat (CTETRA) elements
htpv04c.dat (CTRIAX6) elements
htpv04p.dat (CPYRAM & CPENTA) elements

Units
SI
Material Properties
• Test 1 - 700 solid linear brick (CHEXA) & solid linear wedge (CPENTA) elements
• Test 2 - 2192 solid parabolic tetrahedron (CTETRA) elements
• Test 3 - 8 axisymmetric parabolic elements (Results for this test will be provided in the NX
Nastran 7 Verification Manual)
• Test 4- Linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 1 into
6 pyramid elements. Linear wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.
The test is executed on a 1/8 meshed sphere

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Boundary Conditions
• Convection on internal surface:

hi = 150.0 W/m2 °C
Ti = 70 °C
• Convection on external surface:

he = 200.0 W/m2 °C
Te = –9 °C

Solution Type
Results
Temperature Results
Temperature Bench CHEXA & CTETRA Axisymmetric CPYRAM &

Flux (°C) Value CPENTA CPENTA
Ti 25.06 N1 25.02 N19 25.06 * N1 23.66
Tm 17.84 N556 17.84 N9 17.84 * N556 16.26
Te 13.16 N778 13.18 N5 13.15 * N778 13.85
(W/m2) 6741. N1 6487. N19 5865. * N1 6683.
i
(W/m2) 4952. N556 4931. N9 4765. * N556 5080.

m
(W/m2) 4431. N778 4531. N5 4551. * N778 4669.

e
φ = φ * 4 * π * R2
So: φ = 4931.20 * 4 * π * 0.352 = 7590.00 W
Flux is in the x direction
References

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
6.8 Thermo-mechanical Tests — Linear Statics Analysis
Orthotropic Cube
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D cube with convection and flux density. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV07/89 from "Guide de validation des
Input Files
htpv07.dat (CHEXA)
htpv07p.dat (CPYRAM)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• λx = 1.00 W/m °C
• λy = 0.75 W/m °C
• λz = 0.50 W/m °C

Test 1: Brick element test
• 729 grid points

Test 2: Pyramid element test

• 3072 linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 1 into
6 pyramid elements.
Boundary Conditions
• Flux density y = 60 W/m2 for face y = –0.1 (Entry)
• Flux density y = –60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1 (Exit)
• Flux density z = 30 W/m2 for face z = –0.1 (Entry)
• Flux density z = –30 W/m2 for face z = 0.1 (Exit)
• Convection on the faces X = –0.1 and x = 0.1:

–h = 15.0 W/m2 °C
• Linear variation of the external temperatures:

–Te = 30 – 80y – 60z on the face x = –0.1
–Te = 15 – 80y – 60z on the face x = 0.1

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Solution Type
Results
Test Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Test1 A 35.00 34.70
Test2 A 35.00 34.70
Test1 B 26.00 25.70
Test2 B 26.00 25.70
Test1 C 10.00 10.30
Test2 C 10.00 10.30
Test1 D 19.00 19.30
Test2 D 19.00 19.30
Test1 S 30.50 30.40
Test2 S 30.50 30.40
Test1 F 18.00 18.00
Test2 F 18.00 18.00
Test1 M 14.50 14.60
Test2 M 14.50 17.70
Test1 H 27.00 27.00
Test2 H 27.00 27.00

Test Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Test1 N 29.00 29.00
Test2 N 29.00 29.00
Test1 P 20.00 20.00
Test2 P 20.00 20.00
Test1 J 4.000 4.600
Test2 J 4.000 4.590
Test1 I 13.00 13.60
Test2 I 13.00 13.60
Test1 E 16.50 16.60
Test2 E 16.50 16.60
Test1 R 41.00 40.40
Test2 R 41.00 40.40
Test1 Q 32.00 31.40
Test2 Q 32.00 31.40
Test1 K 16.00 16.00
Test2 K 16.00 16.00
Test1 L 25.00 25.00
Test2 L 25.00 25.00
Test1 G 28.50 28.40
Test2 G 28.50 28.40
References
Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe

This test is a thermo-mechanical linear statics analysis of a thin pipe with thermal gradient and
plane strain. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test HSLA01/89 from "Guide de

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• Ri = 0.020 m
• Re = 0.025 m
Input Files
hsla01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 1.0 x 1011 Pa
• = 0.3
• Coefficient of expansion: α = 1.0 x 10–5/C°
• 561 grid points

Boundary Conditions
• Articulate AB side
• Radial temperature with Ti = 100 °C, and Te = 0 °C.

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
Solution Type
SOL 101 Linear statics
Results
Point Stress Bench Value NX Nastran

r=Ri σr (Pa) –265x 0 –14.03 E6
σθ (Pa) –265y –74.07 E6 –79.84 E6
r = (Re + Ri) / 2 σr (Pa) –270x –3.950 E6 –3.908 E6
σθ (Pa) –270y 1.306 E6 1.469 E6
r = Re σr (Pa) –275x 0 –11.31 E6
σθ (Pa) –275y 68.78 E6 73.69 E6
References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.HSLA01/89.
Simply-Supported Arch
This test is a thermo-mechanical linear statics analysis of a thin curved beam with thermal gradient
and articulation. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test HSLL01/89 from "Guide de
• R = 10 m
• A = 144 x 10–4 m2
• I = 1.728 x 10–5 m4
Beam cross section:

Input Files
hsll01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 0.2 x 1011 Pa
• = 0.3
• Coefficient of expansion: α = 11.0 x 10–6/C°

• 51 grid points
Boundary Conditions
• Articulate point A and B

Chapter
des Mecaniciens
• Top temperature Ts = 160 °C
• Middle temperature Tm = 100 °C
• Bottom temperature Ti = 40 °C
Solution Type
Results
Point Force Moment Bench Value NX Nastran

θ = π/2 M 0 4.040 e–5
N 0 15.10
T –479.2 –527.6
θ = π/4 M 3388. 3729.
N –338.8 –373.2
T –338.8 –373.2
θ=0 M 4792. 5277.
N –479.2 527.5
T 0 15.00
Post Processing
List the beam forces
• M - Z bending moment
• N - axial force
• T - Y shear force

References
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.HSLL01/89.

Chapter 7: Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification
Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
7.1 Overview of the Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using

NAFEMS Test Cases
The purpose of this section is to verify the accuracy and robustness of NX Nastran. The plasticity
verification uses test cases published by the National Agency for Finite Element Methods and
Standards (NAFEMS) in Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. (See Reference.)
To perform the tests, input data is applied to single elements including plane strain elements,
plane stress elements, axisymmetric solid elements, and solid elements. Results are tabulated
and compared to results published by NAFEMS.
The plasticity verification includes perfect plasticity and isotropic hardening tests. Within these
categories, results for uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests are provided.
Understanding the Verification Format

The format for the nonlinear section of the Solver Verification document looks somewhat different
from the linear section. Each test case in this section provides a brief description of the test including
input data. The results are then displayed in the form of a graph comparing NX Nastran Nonlinear
results published by NAFEMS for the same test case.
Reference
The following reference has been used in the NX Nastran Plasticity verification problems:
Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, April, 1987.
7.2 Test Cases

Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Plane Strain Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests

This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed uniaxial and
prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane stress elements:
• Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements
• Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial
displacement tests.
Input Files
nlspls89.dat (uniaxial)
nlspls90.dat (biaxial)
Units
Inch
Attributes
Load Control
Material Properties
• E = 250000.0
• = 0.25
• σy = 5.0
• H = 0.0
• εo = 0.000025 (strain at first yield)

Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
The following figure shows the plane strain elements and the boundary conditions applied to
each. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are
suppressed or prescribed.
These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not illustrate the time history of
the applied conditions.

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Results
Uniaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History
The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test
results compared with NAFEMS test results for plane strain with perfect plasticity.
History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D+00
3 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
4 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
10 increments per strain history step

Biaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History
The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane strain with perfect plasticity.
History Stage Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D–00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D–00
3 0.5000D–4 0.2500D–4 0D–00
4 0.5000D–4 0.5000D–4 0D–00
5 0.2500D–4 0.5000D–4 0D–00
6 0D+00 0.5000D–4 0D+00
7 0D+00 0.2500D–4 0D+00
8 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
References
Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.3-2.25.
Plane Strain Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests

This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed uniaxial
and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane strain elements:
displacement tests.
Input Files
nlspls91.dat (uniaxial)
nlspls92.dat (biaxial)
Units
Inch
Attributes
Load Control
Material Properties
• E = 250000.0
• = 0.25
• σy = 5.0
• H = 62500.0

• εo = 0.000025 (strain at first yield)
Boundary Conditions

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Results
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane strain with isotropic hardening.

1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D+00
3 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
4 0D–00 0D+00 0D+00

results (points) compared to NAFEMS test result for plane strain with isotropic hardening.

1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D+00
3 0.5000D–4 0.2500D–4 0D+00
4 0.5000D–4 0.5000D–4 0D+00
5 0.2500D–4 0.5000D–4 0D+00
6 0D–00 0.5000D–4 0D+00
7 0D–00 0.2500D–4 0D+00
8 0D–00 0D–00 0D+00

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
References
Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.26 - 2.35.
Plane Stress Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests

This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed uniaxial and
prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane strain elements:
displacement tests.
The following figure shows the geometry:
Input Files
nlspls61.dat (uniaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
nlspls62.dat (uniaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements
nlspls65.dat (biaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
nlspls66.dat (biaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements
Units
Inch
Material Properties
• E = 250000.0
• = 0.25
• σy = 5.0

• H = 0.0
• o = 0.2080126 x 10–4 (strain at first yield)
Boundary Conditions

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Results
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane stress with perfect plasticity.

1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2538D–4
3 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.1835D–4
4 0.4235D–21 0D+00 -0.1128D–4

results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2528D–4
3 0.4160D–4 0.2080D–4 -0.4284D–4
4 0.4160D–4 0.4160D–4 -0.6513D–4
5 0D–00 0.4160D–4 -0.5035D–4
6 0D–00 0.1872D–4 -0.3871D–4
7 0D–00 0D–00 -0.1867D–4
References

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Plane Stress Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests

This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed uniaxial
and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the these plane stress elements:
displacement tests.
The following figure shows the geometry:
Input Files
nlspls71.dat (uniaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements

nlspls72.dat (uniaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements
nlspls75.dat (biaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
nlspls76.dat (biaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements
Units
Inch
Material Properties
• E = 250000.0
• = 0.25
• σy = 5.0
• H = 62500.0
• o = 0.2080126 x 10–4 (strain at first yield)

Boundary Conditions
These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not show the time history of

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Results

1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2249D–4
3 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.1555D–4
4 0.4235D–21 0D+00 -0.8619D–5


1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2249D–4
3 0.4160D–4 0.2080D–4 -0.3569D–4
4 0.4160D–4 0.4160D–4 -0.5406D–4
5 0.2080D–4 0.4160D–4 -0.4712D–4
6 0D–00 0.4160D–4 -0.4102D–4
7 0D–00 0.2080D–4 -0.3408D–4
8 0D–00 0D–00 -0.2715D–4

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
References
Solid Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests

This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed uniaxial,
biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the solid parabolic brick element.
Input Files
nlspls08.dat
Units
Inch
Material Properties
• E = 250000.0
• = 0.25
• y = 5.0
• H = 0.0
• o = 0.000025 (strain at first yield)
Boundary Conditions
The following figure shows the parabolic brick (CHEXA) element and the boundary conditions applied
to it. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are

Results

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
4 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. It
shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The
graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
6 0E+00 5.000E–5 0E+00
7 0E+00 2.500E–5 0E+00
8 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
- 10 increments per strain history step

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Triaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History
The following graph shows results of the triaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 2.500E–5
6 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
7 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
8 0E+00 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
9 0E+00 2.500E–5 5.000E–5
10 0E+00 0E+00 5.000E–5
11 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E– 5
12 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

References
Solid Element - Isotropic Hardening Tests

This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed uniaxial,
biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the solid parabolic brick element
(CHEXA), which has 20 grid points.
Input Files
nlspls09.dat
Units
Inch
Material Properties
• E = 250000.0
• = 0.25
• y = 5.0
• H = 62500.0
• o = 0.000025 (strain at first yield)
Boundary Conditions
The following figure shows the parabolic brick element and the boundary conditions applied to
it. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Results
The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. It
shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
4 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
6 0E+00 5.000E–5 0E+00
7 0E+00 2.500E–5 0E+00
8 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

Triaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the triaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 2.500E–5
6 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
7 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
8 0E+00 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
9 0E+00 2.500E–5 5.000E–5
10 0E+00 0E+00 5.000E–5
11 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E–5
12 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

Chapter
Material Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
References

Chapter 8: Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using
Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
8.1 Overview of the Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using

NAFEMS Test Cases
This section verifies the accuracy and robustness of the arc-length method of NX Nastran. The
geometric nonlinear verification uses test cases published by the National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards (NAFEMS) in NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks and A Review of Benchmark
Problems for Geometric Non-linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells. (See References.)
Understanding the Verification Format

Each test case includes the following information.
- Units
- Material properties
- Finite element modeling information
- Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)
- Solution type
• Results — time history versus Load Factor plots are presented. (Note that in NX Nastran, the
load factor is displayed as "eigenvalue".)
• Reference
Reference
The following references have been used for these verification problems:
• NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL6.
• NAFEMS, A Review of Benchmark Problems for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams
and Shells (Summary) (Glasgow: NAFEMS, Ref. R0024.)
8.2 Test Cases

Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Straight Cantilever with End Moment

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of equal-sized elements. This document provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NL5.
Test attributes:
• Bending action only
• Initially straight elements
• Load control
Input Files
nfnl05a.dat (load control)

nfnl05b.dat (arc-length control)
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 210 x 109 N / m2
• = 0.0
SI
32 linear beam (CBEAM) elements

Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• U=V= = 0 at point B
• Concentrated load at Point A applied in equal increments up to a maximum value of M L / 2 π

E I = 1.0
Solution Type
SOL 106 — Geometric Nonlinear
• Loading method — arc-length control.
• Adaptive search control:
– Initial increment factor = 0.05
– Target number of iterations = 6
– Maximum number of splits = 3
– Max increment factor = 1
– Number of reporting steps = 18
Geometric nonlinear 2

Chapter
Geometric Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
• Loading method — load control.
• 6 equal steps.
Results
Normalizing Constants
• 2 E I / L = 3436.12 x 103 Nm
• L = 3.2 m
• 2 = 6.28319
Graphs of Results
• Free end axial displacement vs. Load Factor

• Vertical displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

Chapter
Geometric Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
• Rotational displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
References
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL5.
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - Brick Elements

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a straight cantilever with an axial end point load, made up of a
single row of straight elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Non-linear Benchmarks NL6.


• Combined bending and membrane action.
• Presence of bifurcation.
• Initially straight elements.
• Load control.
Input Files
nlsarg07.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 210 x 109 N/m2
• = 0.0

Chapter
Geometric Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
256 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements.
Boundary Conditions
• U = V = θ = 0 at point B.
• Concentrated load at Point A applied in increments up to a value of PL2 / EI = 22.493.
Solution Type
Results
Normalizing Constants:
• EI / L2 = 170898 N
• L + 3.2 m
• = 3.14159

Graphs of results:
• X-displacement at cantilever end point vs. Load Factor.

Chapter
Geometric Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
• Y-displacement at cantilever end point vs. Load Factor
Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL6.

Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - BEAM Elements

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of straight elements. This document provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NF6.
Input Files
nlsarp01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 210 x 109 N/m2
• = 0.0

32 linear (CBEAM) elements

Chapter
Geometric Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• U = V = θ = 0 at point B.
• Concentrated load at Point A applied in increments up to a value of PL2 / EI = 22.493 or P =

–3.85 x 106 N
Solution Type
Results
Normalizing Constants:
• EI / L 2 = 170898 N
• π = 3.14159

Graphs of results:
• X-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

Chapter
Geometric Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
• Y-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

• Rz-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks.
Lee's Frame Buckling Problem

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of straight elements. This document provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NF7. Attributes of this test are:

Chapter
Geometric Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Input Files
nlsarg01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 71.74 x 109 N/m2
• = 0.0

20 linear beam (CBEAM) elements

Boundary Conditions
• U = V = 0; θ ≠ 0 at points B and C
• Concentrated load at Point A applied incrementally using arc-length constraint with automatic
adjustment of arc length (P = –20000 N)
Solution Type

Chapter
Geometric Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Results
Normalizing Constants EI / L2 = 996.389 N, L = 1.2 m

Graphs of results: Y-displacement at grid point 13 vs. Load Factor
Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks.
Large Displacement Elastic Response of a Hinged Spherical Shell Under

Uniform Pressure Loading
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a hinged spherical shell element under uniform pressure loading.
This document provides the input data and results for A Review of Benchmark Problems for
Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells (Summary) 3DNLG-7.

Input Files
nlsarg05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 69
• = 0.3
• The shell midsurface is defined in terms of the global Cartesian coordinate system where Z =
2.0285 x 10 –4 [X (1570 – X) + Y (1570 – Y)].

Chapter
Geometric Nonlinear
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Boundary Conditions
• Evenly distributed follower pressure load normal to shell surface. Maximum pressure = 0.1.
Pressure follows the deformation of the shell surface.
Solution Type

• Loading method:
o Arc-length control
• Adaptive search control:

o Initial increment factor = 0.3
o Target number of iterations = 6
o Maximum number of splits = 3
o Maximum increment factor = 1
o Number of reporting steps = 18

Results
Magnitude displacement at grid point 145 vs. Load Factor
Reference
• National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. A Review of Benchmark Problems
for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells (Summary) Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Ref. R0024. Test No. 3DNLG-7

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SIEMENS

Proprietary & Restricted Rights Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3

Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5

Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . 7-1

Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7

1.1 Overview of the Verification Manual

• Linear Statics verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks

• Normal Mode Dynamics verification using theoretical solutions

• Normal Mode Dynamics verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks

• Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

• Geometric Nonlinear verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks

1.2 Running the Test Cases

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 1-1

2.1 Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical

• Understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions

Understanding the Test Case Format

o Finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints)

o Boundary conditions (loads, restraints)

• References (text from which a closed-form or theoretical solution was taken)

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-1

Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions

2. Harris, C. O. Introduction to Stress Analysis. New York Macmillan1959.

2.2 Test Cases

2-2 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

Point Load on a Cantilever Beam

Test Case Data and Information

Length = 480 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-3

Finite Element Modeling

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam

Test Case Data and Information

2-4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

Cross Sectional Properties

• square cross section (3 in. x 3 in.)

Finite Element Modeling

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-5

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam

Test Case Data and Information

Length = 480 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

• Area = 900 in.2

• Square cross section (30 in. x 30 in.)

2-6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

Finite Element Modeling

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Result Bench Value NX Nastran