A

REPORT
ON
“IT SKILLS LAB - 1”
Submitted to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow in the
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
Master of Business Administration

Session: - 2023 – 2025

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF SUBMITTED BY
Ms. Mahima Mangal Mr./Ms. CHHAYA
(Faculty of MBA Department) Roll No: 22

S.D. COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, MUZAFFARNAGAR

(Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow)
 CONTENTS

Page No.

⮚ PREFACE 2

⮚ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

⮚ DECLARATION

1. Conceptual Framework of Computer

2. Windows and Users Interface

3. Word Processor Software

4. Spreadsheet Software

5. Presentation Software
 PREFACE

It gives me immense pleasure to present this IT Skills File. This file is a result of my work
carried out during the first semester of my MBA program. The objective of this project was to
enhance the IT Skills. The methodology used to achieve this objective included the study of the
conceptual framework of the computer, windows and user interface, Word processor,
Spreadsheet, Power point. The results obtained from this project are presented in the following
chapters. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Ms. Mahima Mangal Mam for their
invaluable support and guidance throughout the project.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to all those who supported me in completing this file.
First and foremost, I am grateful to my teacher Ms. Mahima Mangal Mam, who guided me
throughout the project and provided me with valuable feedback and resources. I also appreciate
the help and cooperation of my classmates, who shared their ideas and insights with me. Lastly, I
want to thank my family and friends for their constant encouragement and motivation. Without
their support, this file would not have been possible.

Chhaya
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the IT Skills Lab-1 file is submitted by me to AKTU in partial fulfilment of
the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration is my original
work. The file has not been copied from any other source and has not been submitted for the
award of any other degree or diploma. All sources of information used in the file have been duly
acknowledged. I also declare that the work presented in this file has not been plagiarized from
any other source. I understand that any act of plagiarism will result in the rejection of the report
and may lead to further discipline.

Chhaya
 1

Unit=1
Conceptual Framework of Computer

TOPIC: 1

HARDWARE

Hardware is the physical component of a computer system that consists of devices such as the
motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard disk, keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, scanner, etc. Hardware
devices are essential for performing various tasks such as input, output, processing, storage, and
communication. Hardware devices also require software to function properly, such as operating
systems, drivers, firmware, and applications.

COMPONENTS OF HARDWARE

The components of hardware are the physical parts of a computer system that perform various
functions such as input, output, processing, storage, and communication. Some of the main
components of hardware are:

INPUT DEVICES: The components of hardware are the physical parts of a computer system
that perform various functions such as input, output, processing, storage, and communication.
 2

OUTPUT DEVICES: Output devices are hardware components that allow a computer or
information system to display, project, or reproduce data and signals to users.

Some common input devices are:

Keyboard

MOUSE
 3

Joystick

OUTPUT DEVICES: An output device is any peripheral that receives data from a computer
and presents it to the user in a human-understandable format. Some common output devices
include:

Monitor

Printer
 4

Speaker

Headphones
 5

TOPIC: 2

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

Definition: The CPU, also known as the central processor or main processor, is the most critical
component in a computer system. It executes instructions from computer programs, including
arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output (I/O) operations.

Function: Acting as the brain of the computer, the CPU performs essential tasks related to data
input/output, processing, and storage.

Components:

o Arithmetic–Logic Unit (ALU): Responsible for arithmetic and logic operations.

o Processor Registers: Supply operands to the ALU and store results.
o Control Unit: Orchestrates fetching, decoding, and execution of instructions by
coordinating the ALU, registers, and other components.

Microprocessors: Most modern CPUs are implemented on integrated circuit (IC)

microprocessors. These chips may contain multiple CPUs (multi-core processors) or be
multithreaded to support CPU-level multithreading.
 6

TOPIC:3

SOFTWARE

1. Definition:
o Software is a collection of instructions, data, or computer programs that enable
machines to perform specific activities. It serves as the counterpart to hardware,
which refers to a computer’s physical components.
2. Types of Software:
o System Software:
 Directly operates computer hardware and provides essential functionality
for both users and other software.
 Acts as an interface between hardware and user applications, converting
human-readable languages (like English) into machine language (1s and
0s).
 Includes:
 Operating System: The primary program that loads into a
computer’s memory when it’s turned on. Manages resources
(memory, CPU, etc.) and provides an interface for user interaction.
Examples: Linux, macOS, Windows.
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 Language Processor: Converts high-level programming

languages (e.g., Java, C++) into machine-readable instructions.
 Device Driver: Controls external devices (printers, mice, modems)
and enables them to function with the computer system.
o Application Software:
 Designed for specific tasks or user needs.
 Examples: MS-Word, MS-Excel, PowerPoint, web browsers, video
editors, and games.
o Utility Software:
 Provides tools for system maintenance, security, and optimization.
 Examples: Antivirus program disk cleaners, backup tools

TOPIC:4

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

A programming language is a formal system that specifies a set of instructions for a computer
to perform specific tasks. It serves as a bridge between human understanding and machine
execution.Programming languages are used to write software programs, create applications,
and control and manipulate computer systems.

The different levels of computer languages:

1. Low-Level Languages:
o These languages are closest to the hardware and provide a direct interface with
the computer’s architecture.
o Machine Code: This is the lowest level of programming language. It consists of
binary instructions that the computer’s central processing unit (CPU) can execute
directly. Each instruction corresponds to a specific operation, such as addition or
memory access.
 8

o Assembly Language: Slightly higher than machine code, assembly language uses
mnemonics (short codes) to represent machine instructions. Programmers write
assembly code that is then translated into machine code by an assembler.
o Low-level languages are difficult to read and write, but they offer precise control
over hardware resources.

2. High-Level Languages:
o These languages are more abstract and provide a higher level of abstraction
from the hardware.
o Java, Python, PHP, Perl, C#, and JavaScript are examples of high-level languages.
o High-level languages are easier to learn and use compared to low-level
languages.

TOPIC:5

ANIMATION

Animation is the art of creating moving images through a sequence of individual frames. It
brings characters, objects, and scenes to life by simulating motion.

Animators use various techniques, including hand-drawn animation, computer-generated

imagery (CGI), stop-motion, and more.

Animation is a fascinating medium that has found its way into various aspects of our lives. Let’s
explore its diverse uses:

Entertainment:

Movies and Films: Animation plays a crucial role in creating captivating visual experiences in
both short films and feature-length movies. From traditional hand-drawn animation to cutting-
edge 3D CGI, it brings characters and worlds to life.
 9

Video Games: Interactive storytelling and immersive gameplay are enhanced by animation.
Characters, environments, and special effects are animated to engage players.

Television Shows: Animated series and cartoons entertain audiences of all ages.

Special Effects (VFX): Animation contributes to mind-bending visual effects in live-action

films, making the impossible seem real.

Education:

Visual Learning: Humans tend to remember videos and images more effectively than textual
content. Educational animations simplify complex concepts, making learning engaging and
memorable.

Interactive Learning Apps: Animation-based educational apps teach subjects like math,
science, and languages interactively.
 10

Advertisement:

Marketing Campaigns: Animated ads grab attention, convey messages, and leave a lasting
impression. They are used in TV commercials, social media, and online banners.

Explainer Videos: Businesses use animation to explain their products or services succinctly.

Graphic Design and Motion Graphics:

Logos and Branding: Animated logos add dynamism to a brand’s identity.

Infographics: Animated infographics make data more engaging and understandable.

User Interfaces (UI): Motion graphics enhance user experience in apps and websites.

Medical and Scientific Visualization:

Medical Training: Animation helps medical professionals understand complex procedures,

anatomy, and diseases.

Scientific Simulations: Animations depict natural phenomena, molecular processes, and

astronomical events.

Architecture and Real Estate:

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Virtual Tours: Animated walkthroughs showcase architectural designs and real estate
properties.

Urban Planning: Animated city models aid in urban development and infrastructure planning.

Gaming Industry:

Character Animation: Game characters move realistically, emote, and interact with their
environment.

Environmental Animation: Dynamic landscapes, weather effects, and physics simulations

enhance gameplay.

Social Media and Content Creation:

Animated GIFs and Memes: These short, looping animations are widely shared on social
platforms.

YouTube and Online Content: Animations add flair to educational videos, vlogs, and tutorials.

Engineering and Manufacturing:

Prototyping and Simulation: Animation helps visualize product designs and test functionality.

Assembly Instructions: Animated guides simplify complex assembly processes.

Storytelling and Art:

 12

Webcomics and Webtoons: Animated panels bring stories to life.

Interactive Art Installations: Animation merges art and technology.

U=2

Window and User Interface

TOPIC: 1

WINDOW OPERATING SYSTEM

An introduction to the Windows operating system.

Windows, developed by Microsoft, is a group of several proprietary graphical operating

system families. Each family caters to a specific sector of the computing industry:

Windows NT: Originally designed for server computers and workstations, it now includes three
subfamilies that share the same kernel Windows. The operating system for mainstream personal
computers and tablets. The latest version is Windows 11. It competes with macOS by Apple for
personal computers and iPad OS and Android for tablets.

1. Windows Server: Tailored for servers.

2. Windows IoT: Designed for embedded systems.
 13

CC BY-SA-NC
The first version of Windows was released on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating
system shell for MS-DOS. Over time, Windows has become the most popular desktop operating
system globally, with a 70% market share as of March 2023. However, when considering both
mobile and desktop operating systems, Android surpasses Windows due to its massive growth.
The most recent versions of Windows include Windows 11 for consumer PCs and tablets,
Windows 11 Enterprise for corporations, and Windows Server 2022 for servers. Windows
continues to evolve, shaping the digital landscape for users worldwide.
 14

TOPIC:2

MOUSE

A computer mouse is an essential input device used with computers. Let’s delve into its details:

1. Physical Description:
o A typical mouse has two buttons (left and right) and a scroll wheel.
o By moving the mouse along a flat surface, you can control the cursor on the
screen.

A computer mouse is a handheld hardware input device that controls a cursor in a graphical user
interface (GUI) for pointing, moving and selecting text, icons, files, and folders on your
computer . The primary components of a mouse are:

1. Left button: The left mouse button is usually the main button on the mouse to select an
object, text, or icon. After right-clicking, it will be in use to continue the menu options,
such as copying and pasting, opening or running a program, saving a file, closing a
window, and refreshing a webpage.
 15

2. Right button: The right button is located in the upper right area of the mouse. The
primary use of this button is to open a contextual menu when clicking on a file, selected
text or website. It usually contains options related to the item (e.g. cut, copy, paste,
properties, tools, font, open, save, print, or delete).
3. Scroll wheel: The scroll wheel is located between the right and left buttons of the mouse.
It allows to scroll up or down on a page as well as to zoom in and out of images and
documents. It is used as a third button by pressing it down. This middle button can fasten
the scroll speed and open a link in a new tab in a web browser.
4. Mouse body: The mouse’s body is the part that you hold in your hand. It is usually made
of plastic or metal and has a smooth surface to allow easy movement. Some mice have
ergonomic designs to fit comfortably in your hand and reduce fatigue during long periods
of use.
5. Motion detection sensor: A motion detection sensor is a small object located inside the
mouse. It detects the movement of the mouse and translates it into the motion of a pointer
on a screen
 16

TOPIC:3

MY COMPUTER ICON

Computer icons are small graphical symbols or images that represent a program, file, folder, or
function on a computer screen . They are used to help users navigate a computer system and
quickly identify the purpose of a file or program.

Icons are commonly found in graphical user interface (GUI) operating systems, such as
Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, and Linux variants .

Icons can be customized by the user to suit their preferences and needs. For example, you can
change the size, colour, shape, and position of an icon on your desktop. Icons can also be used to
create shortcuts to frequently used files or programs.

Common icons on the desktop include those for My Computer, Recycle Bin, your
Internet browser (e.g., Internet Explorer), and My Documents. On the Windows desktop, you can
find the Windows Start menu through the Start on the taskbar, and the Windows Notification
Area.
 17

TOPIC:4

NOTEPAD

Notepad is a basic text editor that comes pre-installed with Microsoft Windows. It has been a
part of the Windows operating system since its early versions. Here are some key points about
Notepad:

1. Purpose and Functionality:

o Notepad is designed for simple text editing tasks.
o It allows users to create and edit plain text files (with the .txt extension).
o Unlike more feature-rich editors, Notepad does not support formatting, fonts, or
complex layouts.
2. Features:
o Minimalistic interface with a white background.
o Basic text manipulation options (such as cut, copy, paste).
o Find and replace functionality.
o Word wrap and line numbering.
3. Use Cases:
o Writing quick notes or drafts.
o Editing configuration files.
o Viewing log files.
o Writing simple scripts or code snippets.
4. How to Open Notepad:
o Press Windows key + R, type notepad, and hit Enter.
 18

o Alternatively, search for “Notepad” in the Start me.

TOPIC:5

WINDOW ACCESSORIES

1. Calculator:
o A basic calculator application that performs various mathematical functions.
o Useful for quick calculations without the need for a separate calculator program.

2. Snipping Tool:
o A screenshot tool that allows users to capture a part or the entire screen.
o You can save the captured image as a file.
 19

3. Sticky Notes:
o Digital sticky notes for jotting down quick reminders, ideas, or to-do lists.

4. Paint:
o A simple graphics editor for creating and editing images.
o Supports basic drawing, coloring, and text insertion.
 20

U=3

WORD PROCESSOR

TOPIC:1 CREATING AND OPENING OF FILE IN WORD

To open a file in Microsoft Word

You can either create a new document or open an existing one.

To create a new document,

Click on the File tab

 21

and select New

Then, click on Blank document.

To create a document from a template

 22

Click on the File tab

and select New.

To open an existing document

Click on the File tab

and select Open.

 23

You can choose to open a recent document, a document saved on your OneDrive, or a document
saved to your computer .

TOPIC:2

SAVING OF FILE IN WORD

To save a file in Microsoft word, follow these steps:

STEP:1 Click on the File tab

 24

STEP:2 Select Save and if you want to save the file with a different name or in a different
location, select Save As instead.

TOPIC:3

CLOSING OF FILE IN MS WORD

To close a file in a MS Word

Click on the File tab

 25

And select close

If you have made any changes to the document, you will be prompted to save the changes before
closing the file.

Alternatively, you can use the shortcut key Ctrl + W to close the file .

TOPIC: 4

DOCUMENT MERGING

To merge the documents in a MICROSOFT WORD follow these steps:

 Open a new or existing Word document where you want to combine the other documents.
 26

 Click the Insert tab and then the downward arrow next to the Object button.

 and then the downward arrow next to the Object button.

 27

 Click the Text from File option in the drop-down menu.

 Locate and select the Word documents you want to add to your open document. You can
select multiple files by holding the Ctrl key.

 Click the Insert button to add the selected documents to your open document.
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TOPIC :5
 29

PARAGRAPH FORMATTING

Paragraph formatting in Word is the process of adjusting the appearance and layout of
paragraphs, such as alignment, indentation, spacing, and line breaks.

Here are some basic steps for paragraph formatting in Word:

 Select the paragraph or paragraphs you want to format.

You can also place the cursor in a paragraph to format only that paragraph.

 On the Home tab, click the Paragraph Settings button in the lower-right corner of the
Paragraph section.

 This will open the Paragraph dialog box

 30

 On the Indents and Spacing tab, you can set the alignment, indentation, and spacing
options for the selected paragraphs. For example, you can choose to align the text to the
left, right, centre or justify. You can also adjust the space before and after each
paragraph, and the line spacing within each paragraph.
 On the Line and Page Breaks tab, you can set the pagination options for the selected
paragraphs. For example, you can choose to keep the paragraphs together on the same
page, or prevent them from breaking across pages. You can also control the widow and
orphan lines, which are the single lines at the top or bottom of a page.
 Click OK to apply the formatting to the selected paragraphs.

You can also use the buttons and menus on the Home tab to quickly format paragraphs,
such as changing the font, size, colour, style, and alignment of the text.

UNIT=4
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Spreadsheet Software

TOPIC:1 SPREADSHEET

A spreadsheet is a versatile computer application designed to organize, analyze, and

manipulate data arranged in rows and columns.

1. Definition:
o A spreadsheet is a scalable grid-based file used for various purposes, including
accounting, analytics, and data presentation.
o It operates on data entered in cells within a table-like structure.

2. Components:
o Rows and Columns: Spreadsheets consist of rows (horizontal) and columns
(vertical). An Excel worksheet, for instance, has 1,048,576 rows and 16,384
columns.
o Formulas: Formulas automatically process data.
 32

3. Software:
o Popular spreadsheet software includes Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, Apache
Open Office, and LibreOffice.
o Microsoft Excel, available for Windows, macOS, and Android, is the most
commonly used spreadsheet tool.

4. Workbook and Worksheet:

o A collection of spreadsheets is called a workbook.
o Each Excel file is a workbook, and every project starts with a new workbook.
o A single Excel worksheet is a tabular spreadsheet with cells organized in rows
and columns.

5. Features:
o Title Bar: Displays the spreadsheet name and application.
o Toolbar: Provides various tools and options.
o Name Box: Shows the active cell’s address.
o Formula Bar: Allows input of formulas.
o Column Headings: Identify columns (A, B, C, etc.).
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TOPIC:2

FUNCTIONS IN MS EXCEL

Excel, one of the most widely used computer applications, empowers users to work with data
efficiently. It operates through functions, which are predefined formulas designed to perform
specific calculations. Let’s delve into some essential Excel functions:

MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS

SUM: The SUM function in Excel is simply used to add or sum a series of numbers in a range.

 Type the numbers you want to add in a series of cells.

 Type =SUM (in a blank cell).
 Select this series of numbers and close the brackets.
 Press ENTER to get a sum of the selected numbers.

AVERAGE: A typical way to use the AVERAGE function is to provide a range, as seen below.
The formula in F3, copied down, is:

=AVERAGE(C3:E3)
 34

At each new row, AVERAGE calculates an average of the quiz scores for each person.

LOGICAL FUNCTIONS

IF: To create a simple, if then statement in Excel, this is what you need to do:

For logical test, write an expression that returns either TRUE or FALSE. For this, you'd
normally use one of the logical operators

For value if true, specify what to return when the logical test evaluates to TRUE.

For value if false, specify what to return when the logical test evaluates to FALSE.

As an example, let's write a very simple IF formula that checks a value in cell A2 and returns
"Good" if the value is greater than 80, "Bad" otherwise:

=IF(B2>80, "Good", "Bad")

This formula goes to C2, and then is copied down through C7:
 35

In case you wish to return a value only when the condition is met (or not met), otherwise -
nothing, then use an empty string ("") for the "undefined" argument. For example:

=IF(B2>80, "Good", "")

This formula will return "Good" if the value in A2 is greater than 80, a blank cell otherwise:

IFS: It is a built-in function that can be used as a worksheet function in Excel. Let’s take a
look at an example:

Assume we wish to assign grades to marks earned by students. We can use the IFS Function in
the following manner:
 36

The formula used is:

IFS(A2>80,‘’A”,A2>70,”B”,A2>60,”C”,A2>50,”D”,A2>40,”E”,A2>30,”F”), which says that if

cell A2 is greater than 80 then return an “A” and so on.

Using this formula, the result would be:

 37

TOPIC: 3

WORKING INTERFACE

The Excel interface is the graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to interact with Excel.

It is a collection of tools, menus, and ribbons that are used to perform various tasks in Excel.

The working interface components of excel include the Quick Access Toolbar, Ribbon, Name
Box, Formula Bar, Status Bar, Worksheet View options, Zoom Slider control, and the Zoom
Percentage Indicator.
 38

TOPIC:4

DATE AND TIME FUNCTION IN EXCEL

DATE FUNCTION

To apply the date function in an Excel bar, you can use the following steps:

 Select the cell or range of cells where you want to insert the date.

 Then type the formula =DATE (year, month, day) in the cell, where year, month, and day are
the numeric values for the date you want to create.
 39

 Then press the enter to apply the formula, which shows the specified date.

TIME FUNCTION

1. Select an empty cell for the output.

2. Type =TIME
3. Enter the arguments as values.
4. Press the “Enter” key.

We will calculate the time in the correct format using the TIME function in Excel example.

In the table, the data is,

 40

The steps to calculate the time using the TIME function in Excel example are as follows:

1. Select cell D2 and enter the formula =TIME (A2, i.e., the hour value.

2. Put a comma ‘,’, and enter the minute value, i.e., B2.The formula now=TIME(A2,B2

3. Put a comma ‘,’, enter the seconds’ value, i.e., C2, and close the brackets. The
complete formula is =TIME(A2,B2,C2)
 41

4. Press the “Enter” key. The result in cell D2 is “1:10 AM”, as shown below.

5. Drag the formula from cell D2 to D5 using the fill handle.

 42

TOPIC:5

CHARTS AND GRAPHS

How to create charts and graphs in Excel:

1. Open a new or existing Excel workbook and select the data you want to visualize.

STEP 1

STEP 2
 43

STEP 3

2. Click on the Insert tab and select the chart type you want to create. Excel offers a variety of
chart types, including column charts, bar charts, line charts, pie charts, and more.

STEP 4
 44

STEP 5

3. Once you’ve selected your chart type, Excel will automatically create a chart with your
selected data. You can customize the chart by adding titles, labels, and other formatting
options.

4. If you want to change the chart type or add more data to the chart, simply click on the chart
and select the Design and Format tabs to make your desired changes.
 45

UNIT=5

PowerPoint Software

TOPIC:1

DESIGNS IN POWEPOINT

Working with different designs and views in PowerPoint allows you to create engaging and
visually appealing presentations. Here are some tips on how to manage designs and views in
PowerPoint:

Design Tips:

1. Choose a Theme:

 Start by selecting a theme that suits the topic and tone of your presentation. Go to
the "Design" tab and choose from the available themes.

2. Customize the Theme:

 Customize the theme color, fonts, and effects to match your preferences. Use the
"Variants" option to explore different color schemes.
 46

3. Master Slides:

 Modify the master slides to control the overall layout and formatting of your
presentation. This ensures consistency across all slides.
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TOPIC:2

View Options

1. Normal View:

 This is the default view for creating and editing slides. You can see the slide
thumbnails on the left, the current slide in the center, and the notes pane at the
bottom.

2. Slide Sorter View:

 Accessible from the View tab, Slide Sorter view displays all slides in thumbnail
form. It's useful for rearranging slides and getting an overview of your
presentation.
 48

3. Reading View:

 This view allows you to preview your presentation as it will appear to your
audience. It's like a full-screen preview without entering slideshow mode.

 Zoom In/Out:

 Use the zoom slider in the bottom right corner to zoom in and out of the slide
view for detailed editing.
 49

 Switching Between Views:

 Easily switch between views using the buttons on the status bar at the bottom
right corner of the PowerPoint window.

 Grid and Guides:

 Enable gridlines and guides from the View tab to align objects precisely on your
slides.

 Multiple Windows:
 50

 If you have multiple monitors, you can open different PowerPoint windows to
view and edit different parts of your presentation simultaneously.

TOPIC:3

IMAGE AND PARAGRAPH FORMATTING

Adding Images:

1. Insert an Image:

 Click on the slide where you want to add an image.

 Go to the "Insert" tab in the PowerPoint ribbon.

 Click on "Pictures" to insert an image from your computer, or "Online Pictures"

to search for images on the web.

2. Resize and Move Images:

 Click on the inserted image to select it.

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 Use the corner handles to resize the image.

 Click and drag to move the image to the desired location on the slide.

3. Image Formatting:

 Select the image, and you'll see the "Format" tab in the ribbon.

 Here, you can adjust the image's brightness, contrast, and other visual effects.
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Paragraph Formatting:

1. Adding Text:

 Click on the placeholder text box on the slide to start typing. Alternatively, go to
the "Insert" tab and choose "Text Box" to add a new text box.
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2. Text Formatting:

 Highlight the text you want to format.

 Use the "Home" tab in the ribbon to change the font, font size, color, and
alignment.

3. Bullets and Numbering:

 Select the text you want to format as a bulleted or numbered list.

 Click on the "Bullets" or "Numbering" button in the ribbon to apply the desired
formatting.
 54

4. Line Spacing:

 Highlight the text.

 Go to the "Home" tab, and in the Paragraph group, use the Line Spacing options
to adjust spacing between lines.

TOPIC:4

Formatting and Editing

In Microsoft PowerPoint, you can format and edit text to enhance the overall appearance of your
slides. Here are some common text formatting and editing tasks you can perform:
 55

Formatting Text:

1. Font Style and Size:

 Select the text you want to format.

 Use the Font group in the Home tab to change the font style, size, and colour.

2. Bold, Italics, and Underline:

 Use the Bold, Italics, and Underline buttons in the Home tab or press Ctrl + B,
Ctrl + I, or Ctrl + U respectively.

3. Text Alignment:

 Align text using the alignment buttons in the Home tab (left-align, center, right-
align, and justify).
 56

4. Bullet Points and Numbering:

 Apply bullet points or numbering to create lists using the Bullets and Numbering
buttons in the Paragraph group.

Editing Text:

1. Inserting Text:
 57

 Click on a text box or placeholder and start typing to insert new text.

2. Cut, Copy, and Paste:

 Use Ctrl + X to cut, Ctrl + C to copy, and Ctrl + V to paste text.

3. Undo and Redo:

 Use Ctrl + Z to undo an action and Ctrl + Y to redo.

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Text Box Adjustment: Click and drag the corners or sides of a text box to resize it.

UNIT=5

RUNNING AND CONTROLLING

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Running and controlling a slideshow in Microsoft PowerPoint is a straightforward process.

Here's a step-by-step guide:

Running a Slide Show:

1. Open PowerPoint:

 Launch Microsoft PowerPoint and open the presentation you want to run.

2. Normal View:

 Make sure you are in the normal view, which displays slides on the left and
various editing options on the right.

3. Slide Show Tab:

 Go to the "Slide Show" tab on the PowerPoint ribbon at the top.

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4. Start From Beginning:

 Click on the "From Beginning" button in the "Start Slide Show" group to start
your presentation from the first slide.

OR

 If you want to start from the current slide, click on the "From Current Slide"
option.

Controlling the Slide Show:

Once your presentation is running, you can control it using various methods:
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1. Keyboard Shortcuts:

 Press the Spacebar, Enter, or Right Arrow key to advance to the next slide.

 Press the Left Arrow key to go back to the previous slide.

 Press the Esc key to end the slideshow.

2. Mouse Clicks:

 Left-click anywhere on the slide to advance to the next one.

 Right-click to access additional options and navigate through the slides.

3. On-Screen Navigation Toolbar:

 Move your mouse to the lower-left corner of the screen during the slideshow to
reveal navigation tools.

 Use the on-screen buttons to move forward, backward, end the slideshow, or
access additional options.

4. Presenter View (if using dual monitors):

 If you're using dual monitors, PowerPoint offers a Presenter View.

 Go to the "Slide Show" tab and click on "Set Up Slide Show."

 Choose the option "Presented by a speaker (full screen)," and click "OK."

 The Presenter View will display on your primary monitor, allowing you to see the
current and upcoming slides, speaker notes, and more.