Model Detailed Project Report

HING PROCESSING UNIT

Prepared by

National Institute of Food Technology

Entrepreneurship and Management(NIFTEM)
Plot No. 97, Sector 56, HSIIDC, Industrial Estate, Kundli,
Sonipat, Haryana 131028
Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India
1. INTRODUCTION

Asafoetida, also spelled asafetida, gets its name from the Persian aza, for mastic
or resin, and the Latin foetidus, for stinking. It is a gum that is from the sap of the
roots and stem of the ferula species, a giant fennel that exudes a vile odor.
Asafetida is a hard-resinous gum, grayish-white when fresh, darkening with age
to yellow, red and eventually brown. It is sold in blocks or pieces as a gum and
more frequently as a fine yellow powder, sometimes crystalline or granulated. In
its pure form, it is sold in the form of chunks of resin. The odor of the pure resin
is so strong that the pungent smell will be absorbed by other spices and substances
stored nearby. Hence, Asafetida has to be stores in an airtight container. The
mixture is sold in sealed plastic containers with a hole that allows direct dusting
of the powder. Used along with turmeric, it is a standard component of lentil
curries, such as dal, curries, and vegetable dishes, especially those based on
potato and cauliflower. Asafoetida is used in vegetarian Punjabi and South Indian
cuisine where it enhances the flavor of numerous dishes, where it is quickly
heated in hot oil before sprinkling on the food. The spice is added to the food at
the time of tempering.
2. MARKET POTENTIAL:

Hing commands 6-8% wallet share in India’s humongous spice market and its
presence in Indian curries is not as palpable as perhaps, dry red chili or mustard.
Demand for processed hing first shot up in the 1920s across most southern markets,
especially around Tanjore in Tamil Nadu. This was when LG & Co, then helmed by
Khimji Laljee (Laljee Godhoo’s son), set up its first offsite plant at Nagapattanam.
The demand cycle peaked again in the late 1970s and early 1980s when the company
set up more processing units in Chennai, Kumbakonam and Nashik, besides a mother
plant in Mumbai. The Nagapattanam unit was shut when the Chennai unit started.

3. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

3.1 PRODUCT BENEFITS

This spice is used as a digestive aid, in food as a condiment, and in pickling. It plays
a critical flavoring role in Indian vegetarian cuisine by acting as a savory enhancer.
Sometimes dried and ground asafoetida (in small quantities) can be mixed with salt
and eaten with raw salad.

3.2 RAW MATERIAL

Sap is collected from a slit in the plant’s bark within a plastic dish placed at the base
of the plant. The process is similar to rubber tapping. A single ferula plant yields
close to 500 gm of sap.
3.3 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

It is a resin like gum which is extracted from dried sap of the stem and roots of Ferula
plant and then crushed in a traditional method, between heavy stones or by a
hammer, this requires a lot of manpower. Once you have done with machinery the
next step will be Compounded Asafoetida Manufacturing Process, here we have
given 5 steps Hing Manufacturing Process:

 Step 1) Soak in Water- You will need to soak the pasty mass of
asafoetida is in water.
 Step 2) Mixing- Then mix the ingredients in the required
proportion using Mixer Grinder. Then add the slurry of the soaked
asafoetida and mix well.
 Step 3) Milling- Then makes the compounded asafoetida to the
powder form using a Milling machine.
 Step 4) Tablet Form- Generally asafoetida is in powder form but
additionally, you can produce the Compounded Asafoetida or Hing
tablet by using Tablet making the machine.
 Step 5) Packaging- After passing through the Hing Manufacturing
Process the Compounded Asafoetida or Hing powder is packed
with the help of Packaging machine, to maintain its moisture
content and quality polythene bags are used for packaging purpose.

Soaking
Mixing
Miling
Tablet formation
Packaging
 4. PROJECT COMPONENTS

4.1 Land & Building

Land & Building required 1000-1200 square feet approx.

Area requirement is higher due to high requirement of storage capacity for

raw material and final product.

4.2 Plant & Machinery

Name Features of Machine Image

Mixer Used to mix the ingredients for hing

Grinder production.

Milling By using the milling

unit machine compounded Asafoetida is
made into the powder form.

Tableting Tableting is a method of pressing the

machine
relevant product into tablets.
Packaging Used to packaging the processed hing for
Unit
distribution.

Metal Metal detectors for food provide

Detector effective protection against ferrous and
non-ferrous metals (aluminium, stainless
steel, etc.). ... In addition to consumer
protection, metal detectors also are used
to protect machinery. Even
smallest metal particles can lead to
machinery failure.

Conveyor Conveyor Systems are mechanical

devices or assemblies that transport
material with minimal effort. While there
are many different kinds
of conveyor systems.

Note: Approx. Total Machinery cost shall be Rs 9.50 lakhs excluding GST and
Transportation Cost.

4.3 Power Requirement

The borrower shall require power load of 10 KW which shall be applied with Power
Corporation. However, for standby power arrangement the borrower shall
purchase DG Set.
4.4 Manpower Requirement

8 Manpower are required for the Asafoetida Manufacturing Process.

Includes:

2 Skilled Labour

3 Unskilled Labour

2 Administrative Staffs

1 Accountant
5. FINANCIALS

5.1 Cost of Project

Own Bank
PARTICULARS AMOUNT Contribution Finance

(in Lacs)
25.00% 75.00%
Land & Building Owned /rented
Plant & Machinery 9.50 2.38 7.13

Furniture & Fixtures and Other Assets 1.00 0.25 0.75

Working capital 6.67 1.67 5.00

Total 17.17 4.29 12.88

5.2 Means of Finance

PARTICULARS AMOUNT

Own Contribution 4.29

Bank Loan 7.88

Working capital Limit 5.00

Total 17.17
5.3 Projected Balance Sheet

PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET (in Lacs)

PARTICULARS 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year
Liabilities

Capital
opening balance 4.43 5.35 7.69 11.45
Add: - Own Capital 4.29

Add: - Retained Profit 1.64 2.92 5.34 7.77 10.02

Less: - Drawings 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 8.00
Closing Balance 4.43 5.35 7.69 11.45 13.48

Term Loan 7.00 5.25 3.50 1.75 -

Working Capital Limit 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Sundry Creditors 1.21 1.38 1.57 1.76 1.97
Provisions & Other Liab 0.35 0.42 0.50 0.60 0.73
TOTAL: 17.99 17.40 18.26 20.57 21.18

Assets
Fixed Assets ( Gross) 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50

Gross Dep. 1.53 2.83 3.94 4.88 5.69

Net Fixed Assets 8.98 7.67 6.56 5.62 4.81

Current Assets
Sundry Debtors 4.04 4.75 5.36 6.02 6.71
Stock in Hand 4.16 4.75 5.36 6.01 6.70
Cash and Bank 0.82 0.23 0.97 2.93 2.96
TOTAL: 17.99 17.40 18.26 20.57 21.18
5.4 Projected Cash Flow

PROJECTED CASH FLOW STATEMENT (in Lacs)

2nd 3rd 4th

PARTICULARS 1st year year year year 5th year
SOURCES OF FUND

Own Margin 4.29

Net Profit 1.64 2.92 5.34 7.98 10.83
Depreciation & Exp. W/off 1.53 1.30 1.11 0.95 0.81
Increase in Cash Credit 5.00 - - - -

Increase In Term Loan 7.88 - - - -

Increase in Creditors 1.21 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.21
Increase in Provisions & Oth lib 0.35 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.12

TOTAL : 21.89 4.46 6.72 9.22 11.96

APPLICATION OF FUND
Increase in Fixed Assets 10.50
Increase in Stock 4.16 0.59 0.61 0.65 0.69

Increase in Debtors 4.04 0.71 0.62 0.65 0.69

Repayment of Term Loan 0.88 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75

Drawings 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 8.00

Taxation - - - 0.21 0.80
TOTAL : 21.07 5.05 5.98 7.26 11.93

Opening Cash & Bank Balance - 0.82 0.23 0.97 2.93

Add: Surplus 0.82 (0.59) 0.74 1.96 0.03
Closing Cash & Bank Balance 0.82 0.23 0.97 2.93 2.96
5.5 Projected Profitability

PROJECTED PROFITABILITY STATEMENT (in Lacs)

PARTICULARS 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year
Capacity Utilization % 60% 65% 70% 75% 80%

SALES
Gross Sale
ASAFOETIDA POWDER 80.74 94.92 107.26 120.33 134.12

Total 80.74 94.92 107.26 120.33 134.12

COST OF SALES
Raw Material Consumed 51.84 59.28 67.20 75.60 84.48
Electricity Expenses 1.44 1.58 1.74 1.92 2.11
Depreciation 1.53 1.30 1.11 0.95 0.81
Wages & labour 6.12 6.73 7.41 8.15 8.96
Repair & maintenance 1.61 2.37 2.68 3.01 3.35
Cost of Production 62.54 71.27 80.14 89.62 99.71

Add: Opening Stock /WIP - 2.08 2.38 2.67 2.99

Less: Closing Stock /WIP 2.08 2.38 2.67 2.99 3.32
Cost of Sales 60.46 70.98 79.84 89.30 99.37
GROSS PROFIT 20.28 23.94 27.42 31.03 34.75
25.12% 25.22% 25.56% 25.79% 25.91%
Salary to Staff 4.68 5.15 5.66 6.23 6.85
Interest on Term Loan 0.77 0.68 0.49 0.30 0.10
Interest on working Capital 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Rent 3.00 3.30 3.63 3.99 4.39
selling & adm exp 9.69 11.39 11.80 12.03 12.07
TOTAL 18.64 21.02 22.08 23.05 23.92
NET PROFIT 1.64 2.92 5.34 7.98 10.83
2.03% 3.07% 4.98% 6.63% 8.07%
Taxation - 0.21 0.80
PROFIT (After Tax) 1.64 2.92 5.34 7.77 10.02
5.6 Production and Yield

COMPUTATION OF PRODUCTION OF ASAFOETIDA POWDER

Items to be Manufactured
ASAFOETIDA POWDER

Machine Production capacity per Hour 5 KG

Working hours in a day 8
Production Per Day 40
No of Working Days in Month 25
No of Working Days in a Year 300
Machine capacity per annum 12,000 KG
Production per annum 240,000 50 gm packets

Production of ASAFOETIDA POWDER

Production Capacity KG
1st year 60% 144,000
2nd year 65% 156,000
3rd year 70% 168,000
4th year 75% 180,000
5th year 80% 192,000

Raw Material Cost

Year Capacity Rate Amount
Utilisation (per 50gm) (Rs. in lacs)
1st year 60% 36.00 51.84

2nd year 65% 38.00 59.28

3rd year 70% 40.00 67.20
4th year 75% 42.00 75.60
5th year 80% 44.00 84.48
5.7 Sales Revenue

COMPUTATION OF SALE

Particulars 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year
Op Stock - 4,800 5,200 5,600 6,000

Production 144,000 156,000 168,000 180,000 192,000

Less: Closing Stock 4,800 5,200 5,600 6,000 6,400
Net Sale 139,200 155,600 167,600 179,600 191,600
sale price per 50 gm 58.00 61.00 64.00 67.00 70.00
Sales (in Lacs) 80.74 94.92 107.26 120.33 134.12

5.8 Working Capital Assessment

COMPUTATION OF CLOSING STOCK & WORKING CAPITAL (in Lacs)

PARTICULARS 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year
Finished Goods
2.08 2.38 2.67 2.99 3.32

Raw Material
2.07 2.37 2.69 3.02 3.38
Closing Stock 4.16 4.75 5.36 6.01 6.70

COMPUTATION OF WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENT

TRADITIONAL METHOD (in Lacs)
Particulars Amount Own Margin Bank Finance
Finished Goods & Raw Material 4.16
Less : Creditors 1.21
Paid stock 2.95 25% 0.74 75% 2.21
Sundry Debtors 4.04 25% 1.01 75% 3.03
6.99 1.75 5.24

WORKING CAPITAL LIMIT DEMAND (from Bank) 5.00

5.9 Power, Salary & Wages Calculation

Utility Charges (per month)

Particulars value Description
Power connection required 10 KWH
consumption per day 80 units

Consumption per month 2,000 units

Rate per Unit 10 Rs.
power Bill per month 20,000 Rs.

BREAK UP OF LABOUR CHARGES

Particulars Wages No of Total

Rs. per Month Employees Salary

Skilled (in thousand rupees) 12,000 2 24,000

Unskilled (in thousand rupees) 9,000 3 27,000
Total salary per month 51,000
Total annual labour charges (in lacs) 6.12

BREAK UP OF Staff Salary CHARGES

Particulars Salary No of Total

Rs. per Month Employees Salary
Accountant 15,000 1 15,000
Administrative Staffs 12,000 2 24,000
Total salary per month 39,000

Total annual Staff charges (in lacs) 4.68

5.10 Financial Ratio Analysis

FINANCIAL INDICATORS

PARTICULARS 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year
TURNOVER 80.74 94.92 107.26 120.33 134.12
GROSS PROFIT 20.28 23.94 27.42 31.03 34.75

G.P. RATIO 25.12% 25.22% 25.56% 25.79% 25.91%

NET PROFIT 1.64 2.92 5.34 7.98 10.83

N.P. RATIO 2.03% 3.07% 4.98% 6.63% 8.07%

CURRENT ASSETS 9.01 9.73 11.70 14.96 16.37

CURRENT LIABILITIES 6.56 6.80 7.07 7.37 7.70

CURRENT RATIO 1.37 1.43 1.65 2.03 2.13

TERM LOAN 7.00 5.25 3.50 1.75 -

TOTAL NET WORTH 4.43 5.35 7.69 11.45 13.48

DEBT/EQUITY 1.58 0.98 0.46 0.15 -

TOTAL NET WORTH 4.43 5.35 7.69 11.45 13.48

TOTAL OUTSIDE LIABILITIES 13.56 12.05 10.57 9.12 7.70

TOL/TNW 3.06 2.25 1.38 0.80 0.57

PBDIT 4.44 5.40 7.44 9.72 12.24

INTEREST 1.27 1.18 0.99 0.80 0.60

INTEREST COVERAGE RATIO 3.48 4.57 7.52 12.20 20.26

WDV 8.98 7.67 6.56 5.62 4.81

TERM LOAN 7.00 5.25 3.50 1.75 -

FACR 1.28 1.46 1.88 3.21 -

5.11 DSCR

CALCULATION OF D.S.C. R

PARTICULARS 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year

CASH ACCRUALS 3.16 4.22 6.45 8.72 10.83

Interest on Term Loan 0.77 0.68 0.49 0.30 0.10

Total 3.94 4.90 6.94 9.01 10.94

REPAYMENT

Instalment of Term Loan 0.88 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75

Interest on Term Loan 0.77 0.68 0.49 0.30 0.10

Total 1.65 2.43 2.24 2.05 1.85

DEBT SERVICE COVERAGE RATIO 2.39 2.02 3.10 4.40 5.90

AVERAGE D.S.C.R. 3.50

5.12 Depreciation

COMPUTATION OF DEPRECIATION (in Lacs)

Description Plant & Machinery Furniture TOTAL

Rate of Depreciation 15.00% 10.00%

Opening Balance - - -
Addition 9.50 1.00 10.50
Total 9.50 1.00 10.50
Less : Depreciation 1.43 0.10 1.53
WDV at end of Year 8.08 0.90 8.98
Additions During The Year - - -
Total 8.08 0.90 8.98
Less : Depreciation 1.21 0.09 1.30
WDV at end of Year 6.86 0.81 7.67
Additions During The Year - - -
Total 6.86 0.81 7.67
Less : Depreciation 1.03 0.08 1.11

WDV at end of Year 5.83 0.73 6.56

Additions During The Year - - -
Total 5.83 0.73 6.56
Less : Depreciation 0.88 0.07 0.95
WDV at end of Year 4.96 0.66 5.62
Additions During The Year - - -
Total 4.96 0.66 5.62
Less : Depreciation 0.74 0.07 0.81
WDV at end of Year 4.22 0.59 4.81
5.13 Repayment schedule

REPAYMENT SCHEDULE OF TERM LOAN

Interest 11.00%
Closing
Year Particulars Amount Addition Total Interest Repayment Balance
ist Opening Balance

1st month - 7.88 7.88 - - 7.88

2nd month 7.88 - 7.88 0.07 - 7.88
3rd month 7.88 - 7.88 0.07 - 7.88
4th month 7.88 - 7.88 0.07 7.88
5th month 7.88 - 7.88 0.07 7.88
6th month 7.88 - 7.88 0.07 7.88
7th month 7.88 - 7.88 0.07 0.15 7.73
8th month 7.73 - 7.73 0.07 0.15 7.58
9th month 7.58 - 7.58 0.07 0.15 7.44
10th month 7.44 - 7.44 0.07 0.15 7.29
11th month 7.29 - 7.29 0.07 0.15 7.15
12th month 7.15 - 7.15 0.07 0.15 7.00

0.77 0.88
2nd Opening Balance

1st month 7.00 - 7.00 0.06 0.15 6.85

2nd month 6.85 - 6.85 0.06 0.15 6.71
3rd month 6.71 - 6.71 0.06 0.15 6.56
4th month 6.56 - 6.56 0.06 0.15 6.42
5th month 6.42 - 6.42 0.06 0.15 6.27
6th month 6.27 - 6.27 0.06 0.15 6.13
7th month 6.13 - 6.13 0.06 0.15 5.98
8th month 5.98 - 5.98 0.05 0.15 5.83
9th month 5.83 - 5.83 0.05 0.15 5.69
10th month 5.69 - 5.69 0.05 0.15 5.54
11th month 5.54 - 5.54 0.05 0.15 5.40
12th month 5.40 - 5.40 0.05 0.15 5.25
0.68 1.75
3rd Opening Balance

1st month 5.25 - 5.25 0.05 0.15 5.10

2nd month 5.10 - 5.10 0.05 0.15 4.96
3rd month 4.96 - 4.96 0.05 0.15 4.81
4th month 4.81 - 4.81 0.04 0.15 4.67
 5th month 4.67 - 4.67 0.04 0.15 4.52
6th month 4.52 - 4.52 0.04 0.15 4.38
7th month 4.38 - 4.38 0.04 0.15 4.23
8th month 4.23 - 4.23 0.04 0.15 4.08
9th month 4.08 - 4.08 0.04 0.15 3.94
10th month 3.94 - 3.94 0.04 0.15 3.79
11th month 3.79 - 3.79 0.03 0.15 3.65
12th month 3.65 - 3.65 0.03 0.15 3.50
0.49 1.75
4th Opening Balance

1st month 3.50 - 3.50 0.03 0.15 3.35

2nd month 3.35 - 3.35 0.03 0.15 3.21
3rd month 3.21 - 3.21 0.03 0.15 3.06
4th month 3.06 - 3.06 0.03 0.15 2.92
5th month 2.92 - 2.92 0.03 0.15 2.77
6th month 2.77 - 2.77 0.03 0.15 2.63
7th month 2.63 - 2.63 0.02 0.15 2.48
8th month 2.48 - 2.48 0.02 0.15 2.33
9th month 2.33 - 2.33 0.02 0.15 2.19
10th month 2.19 - 2.19 0.02 0.15 2.04
11th month 2.04 - 2.04 0.02 0.15 1.90
12th month 1.90 - 1.90 0.02 0.15 1.75
0.30 1.75
5th Opening Balance
1st month 1.75 - 1.75 0.02 0.15 1.60
2nd month 1.60 - 1.60 0.01 0.15 1.46
3rd month 1.46 - 1.46 0.01 0.15 1.31
4th month 1.31 - 1.31 0.01 0.15 1.17
5th month 1.17 - 1.17 0.01 0.15 1.02
6th month 1.02 - 1.02 0.01 0.15 0.88
7th month 0.88 - 0.88 0.01 0.15 0.73
8th month 0.73 - 0.73 0.01 0.15 0.58
9th month 0.58 - 0.58 0.01 0.15 0.44
10th month 0.44 - 0.44 0.00 0.15 0.29
11th month 0.29 - 0.29 0.00 0.15 0.15
12th month 0.15 - 0.15 0.00 0.15 -

0.10 1.75

DOOR TO DOOR 60 MONTHS

MORATORIUM PERIOD 6 MONTHS
REPAYMENT PERIOD 54 MONTHS
5.14 Break Even Point Analysis

BREAK EVEN POINT ANALYSIS

Year I II III IV V

Net Sales & Other Income 80.74 94.92 107.26 120.33 134.12

Less : Op. WIP Goods - 2.08 2.38 2.67 2.99

Add : Cl. WIP Goods 2.08 2.38 2.67 2.99 3.32

Total Sales 82.82 95.21 107.56 120.65 134.46

Variable & Semi Variable Exp.

Raw Material Consumed 51.84 59.28 67.20 75.60 84.48

Electricity Exp/Coal Consumption at 85% 1.22 1.35 1.48 1.63 1.79

Wages & Salary at 60% 6.48 7.13 7.84 8.62 9.49

Selling & adminstrative Expenses 80% 7.75 9.11 9.44 9.63 9.66

Interest on working Capital 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Repair & maintenance 1.61 2.37 2.68 3.01 3.35

Total Variable & Semi Variable Exp 69.41 79.74 89.14 98.99 109.27

Contribution 13.41 15.47 18.42 21.66 25.19

Fixed & Semi Fixed Expenses

Electricity Exp/Coal Consumption at 15% 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.32

Wages & Salary at 40% 4.32 4.75 5.23 5.75 6.32

Interest on Term Loan 0.77 0.68 0.49 0.30 0.10

Depreciation 1.53 1.30 1.11 0.95 0.81

Selling & adminstrative Expenses 20% 1.94 2.28 2.36 2.41 2.41

Rent 3.00 3.30 3.63 3.99 4.39

Total Fixed Expenses 11.77 12.55 13.08 13.68 14.36

Capacity Utilization 60% 65% 70% 75% 80%

OPERATING PROFIT 1.64 2.92 5.34 7.98 10.83

BREAK EVEN POINT 53% 53% 50% 47% 46%

BREAK EVEN SALES 72.70 77.25 76.38 76.21 76.66

6. LICENSE & APPROVALS

 Obtain the GST registration.

 Additionally, obtain the Udyog Aadhar registration Number.
 Fire/pollution license as required.
 FSSAI License
 Factory License
 Choice of a Brand Name of the product and secure the name with
Trademark if required.
7. ASSUMPTIONS

1. Production Capacity of Hing is 40 Kgs per day. First year, Capacity has been
taken @ 60%.

2. Working shift of 8 hours per day has been considered.

3. Raw Material stock is for 12 days and Finished goods Closing Stock has

been taken for 10 days.

4. Credit period to Sundry Debtors has been given for 15 days.

5. Credit period by the Sundry Creditors has been provided for 7 days.

6. Depreciation and Income tax has been taken as per the Income tax Act,

1961.

7. Interest on working Capital Loan and Term loan has been taken at 11%.

8. Salary and wages rates are taken as per the Current Market Scenario.

9. Power Consumption has been taken at 10 KW.

10. Selling Prices & Raw material costing has been increased by 5% & 5%
respectively in the subsequent years.
 Limitations of the Model DPR and Guidelines for Entrepreneurs

Limitations of the Model DPR

i. This model DPR has provided only the basic standard components and methodology to be
adopted by an entrepreneur while submitting a proposal under the Formalization of Micro Food
Processing Enterprises Scheme of MoFPI.

ii. This is a model DPR made to provide general methodological structure not for specific
entrepreneur/crops/location. Therefore, information on the entrepreneur, forms and structure
(proprietorship/partnership/cooperative/ FPC/joint stock company) of his business, details of
proposed DPR, project location, raw material base/contract sourcing, entrepreneurs own SWOT
analysis, detailed market research, rationale of the project for specific location, community
advantage/benefit from the project, employment generation and many more detailed aspects not
included.

iii. The present DPR is based on certain assumptions on cost, prices, interest, capacity utilization,
output recovery rate and so on. However, these assumptions in reality may vary across places,
markets and situations; thus the resultant calculations will also change accordingly.