DC GENERATOR

1. A four-pole, DC generator with lap winding has 48 slots and 4

elements per slot. How many coils does it have?
Solution:
n= (4 elements / slot) (1 coil / 2 elements) ×48 slots
n= 96 coils

2. The armature of a four-pole shunt generator is lap wound and

generates 216 volts when running at 600 rpm. The armature has 144
slots, with six conductors per slot. If this armature is rewound, wave
connected, find the emf generated at the same speed and flux per pole.
Solution:
If lap connected
E1= PNZɸ / 60a1 = PNZɸ / 60(mP)
E1 = NZɸ / 60(m) →❶
If wave connected
E2 =PNZɸ / 60a2 = PNZɸ / 60(2m) →❷
EQUATE E1 TO E2
E2/E1 = (PNZɸ/60(2m)) / (NZɸ/60(m))
E2/E1 = P/2
E2 = E1P / 2
E2 = 216(4) /2
E2 = 432 V

3. A 4-pole DC generator with duplex lap winding has 48 slots and

four elements per slot. The flux per pole is 2.5 x 10^6 maxwells and it
runs at 1500 rpm. What is the output voltage?
Solution:
E= (PNZɸ / 60a1) ×10^-8 = [PNZɸ / 60(mP)]×10^-8
E= [(4(1500)(4×48)(2.5×10^6)) / (60×2×4)]×10^-8
E = 60V
4. The armature of a 4-pole, 128 slots shunt generator is lap wound
with four conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 50 mWb. The
armature and shunt field resistances are 0.04 ohm and 50 ohms
respectively. Determine the speed of the machine when supplying 400 A
at a terminal voltage of 250 V.
Solution:
Ish = Vʟ/Rsh= 250 / 50= 5A
Ia = Iʟ+Ish= 400+5= 405A
Eg= Vʟ+Ia(Ra) = 250+ 405(0.04)= 266.2V
E= PNZɸ / 60a
N= 60aEg / PZɸ
N = 60(4)(266.2) / 4(128×4)(50×10^－3)
N= 624 rpm

5. A four-pole shunt connected generator has a lap connected

armature with 728 conductors. The flux per pole is 25 mWb. If the
generator supplies two hundred fifty 110 V, 75 W incandescent lamp.
The field and armature resistances are 110 ohms and 0.025 ohm
respectively. Determine the speed in rpm of the generator.
Solution:
Iʟ= Pʟ/Vʟ = 250(75)/110= 170.45A
Ish= Vʟ/Rsh = 110 / 110= 1A
Ia= Iʟ+Ish = 170.45+1 = 171.45A
E= Vʟ + Ia(Ra)= 110+171.45(0.025) = 114.286V
E= PNZɸ / 60a = PNZɸ /60(mP)
E= NZɸ / 60m
N= 60Em /Zɸ
N= 60(114.286) / 728(25×10^－3)
N= 377 rpm
6. A speed-indicating device consists of a 2-pole permanent magnet
DC generator with a 2000-ohms DC voltmeter connected across its
terminals. The generator has an armature with 1200 conductors having
two parallel paths and a total resistance of 1000 ohms between brushes.
The air gap flux is 40,000 lines per pole. If the voltmeter reads 10 V, at
what speed will this reading indicates?
Solution:
Iv= V/Rv = 10 / 2000= 0.005A
E= V+IvRa= 10 +0.005(1000)= 15V
E= (PNZɸ / 60a) ×10^－8
N= 60Ea / PZɸ
N= 60(15)(2) / 2(1200)(40,000)×10^－8
N= 1875 rpm

7. A shunt generator supplies a load of 5,500 W at 110 V through a

pair of feeder conductors having a resistance of 0.02 ohm each. The
armature, shunt field resistances are 0.15 ohm and 50 ohms
respectively. Find the emf generated.
Solution:
Iʟ= Pʟ/Vʟ= 5500/110= 50A
V(feeder)= Iʟ×R(feeder)= 50×0.04= 2V
Vsh= Vʟ+V(feeder) = 110+2= 112V
Ish= Vsh/Rsh= 112/50= 2.24A
Ia= Iʟ+Ish= 50+2.24= 52.24A
E= Vsh+IaRa
E= 112+52.24(0.15)
E= 120V

8. The no-load voltage of a 50-kW, 220 volts, shunt generator in the

FEU laboratory is 232 volts and rated load voltage is 220 volts. The
armature resistance including brushes, is 0.026 ohm and the resistance
of the shunt field resistance is 52 ohms. What is the induced
electromagnetic force at rated load?
Solution:
Iʟ= Pʟ/Vʟ= 50,000/ 220= 227.27A
Ish= Vʟ/Rsh = 220/52 = 4.23A
Ia= Iʟ+Ish = 227.27+4.23 = 231.5A
E= Vʟ+IaRa
E= 220+ 231.5(0.026)
E= 226.02V

9. The field current of a 180 kW, 250 volts DC shunt generator is 6 A

when running full load at rated terminal voltage. If the combined
armature and brush resistance is 0.02 ohm, solve for the electrical
efficiency of the generator.
Solution:
Iʟ = Pʟ/Vʟ= 180,000 / 250= 720A
Ia= Iʟ+Ish= 720+6 = 726A
E= Vʟ+IaRa = 250+726(0.02) =264.52V
Pg= EIa = 264.52(726) = 192.04kW
η= (Pʟ / Pg)×100%
η = (180,000 / 192.04k) ×100%
η= 93.73%

10.The field circuit of a 200,000 watts ,230 V shunt generator is 8A when

running full load at rated terminal voltage. If the combined brush and
armature resistance is 0.03 ohm, solve for the electrical efficiency of the
generator.
Solution:
Iʟ = Pʟ/Vʟ= 200,000 / 230 = 869.56A
Ia = Iʟ+Ish = 869.56+8 = 877.56A
E = Vʟ+IaRa = 230+877.56(0.03) = 256.32V
Pg = EIa = 256.32(877.56) = 224.936kW
η=(Pʟ/Pg) ×100%
η = (200,000 / 224.936k) ×100%
η = 88.91%

11. The field current of a 100 kW, 250-volt shunt generator is 5

amperes when delivering power at rated terminal voltage and rated load
current. The combined armature and brush resistance is 0.01 ohm.
Determine the efficiency of the generator.
Solution:
Iʟ = Pʟ/Vʟ= 100,000 / 250 = 400A
Ia= Iʟ+Ish =400+5 = 405A
E= Vʟ+IaRa = 250+405(0.01) = 254.05V
Pg= EIa= 254.05(405)= 102.89kW
η= (Pʟ/Pg) ×100%
η= (100,000 / 102.89k) ×100%
η = 97.2%

12. The armature of a shunt generator has 0.05 ohm effective

resistance. Each brush has an effective resistance of 0.01 ohm. The
terminal voltage is 100 volts while the current is 40 amperes. What is its
efficiency?
Solution:
Pʟ = VʟIʟ = 100(40) = 4,000W
E = Vʟ + Iʟ(Ra+Rb) = 100 + 40(0.05+0.02) = 102.8V
Pg = EIʟ = 102.8(40) = 4,112W
η= (Pʟ / Pg) ×100%
η= (4,000 / 4,112) ×100%
η = 97.28%

13. A shunt generator is connected to a load that draws 28.8 kW.

Ra=0.04Ω and Rsh=48Ω. If the power developed in the armature is
106.3% of the power delivered to the load. Determine the terminal
voltage of the generator.
Solution:
Iʟ= Pʟ/Vʟ = 28,800/Vʟ
Ish=Vʟ/Rsh = Vʟ/48
Ia= Iʟ+Ish = (28,800/Vʟ) + (Vʟ/48) →❶
E= Vʟ+IaRa →❷
SUBSTITUTE EQUATION 1 IN EQUATION 2
E = Vʟ + (28,800/Vʟ + Vʟ/48)(0.04)
E = 1.000833Vʟ + 1152/Vʟ →(3)
Pg = EIa →(4)
SUBSTITUTE EQ. 1 AND EQ. 3 IN EQ. 4
1.063(28,800)= (1.000833Vʟ +1152/Vʟ) (28,800/Vʟ + Vʟ/48)
30,614.4 = 28,824+0.02085Vʟ^2+ (33,177,600/Vʟ^2) +24
Vʟ^4－84,719.42Vʟ +1,591,251,799 = 0
USING THE QUADRATIC FORMULA
Vʟ^2 = 84,719.42+-√(84,719.42)^2－4(1)(1,591,251,799) / 2(1)
Vʟ^2 = 84,719.42+-28,502.156 /2
Vʟ = √(84,719.42+28,502.156 /2
Vʟ = 238V

14. A 15 kW, 230 V, shunt generator was run light as a motor to

determine its stray power losses at rated load. The applied voltage
across the armature, computed for test was 254 and the armature
current drawn is 2 A. The armature and shunt field resistances are 0.25
and 100Ω, respectively. Calculate the generator efficiency at half load.
Assume stray power losses to be constant.
Solution:
Pstray = VʟIa－Ia^2(Ra) = 254(2)－(2)^2(0.25) = 507W
Iʟ = Pʟ/Vʟ = 15,000(0.5) / 230 = 32.6A
Ish = Vʟ/Rsh = 230/100 = 2.3A
Psh= VʟIsh= 230(2.3) = 529W
Ia= Iʟ+Ish = 32.6+2.3 = 34.9A
Pa= Ia^2(Ra)= (34.9)^2(0.25)= 304.5W
η=(Pʟ / Pʟ+Pstray+Pa+Psh)×100%
η= (15,000×0.5 / 15,000(0.5)+507+304.5+529)×100%
η = 84.84%

15. A shunt generator supplies 100 A at 200 V. The armature and

shunt resistances are 0.025Ω and
100 Ω, respectively if the copper losses are equal to the iron losses at
this load, find the brake horsepower of the engine driving the generator.
Solution:
Ish = Vʟ/Rsh= 200/100 = 2A
Ia= Iʟ+Ish= 100+2= 102A
Pa= Ia^2(Ra)= 102^2(0.025) = 260.1W
Psh= VʟIsh= (200)(2)= 400W
P(copper)= Pa+Psh= 260.1+400= 660.1W
Pʟ= VʟIʟ= (200)(100)= 20,000W
Pstray = Pcopper
Pin= Pʟ+Pcopper+Pstray= 20,000+660.1+660.1
Pin= 21,320.2W
Pbrake = Pin
Pbrake= 21,320.2W ×1hp/746W
Pbrake =28.58hp

16. A 20 kW, 200 V shunt generator is operated at rated load. If the

driving engine is developing 30bhp, determine the iron and friction
losses. Armature resistance is 0.05 ohm and shunt field resistance is 50
ohms.
Solution:
Iʟ= Pʟ/Vʟ =20,000/200 = 100A
Ish= Vʟ/Rsh= 200/50= 4A
Ia= Iʟ+Ish= 100+4= 104A
Pa= Ia^2(Ra)= 104^2(0.05)= 540.8W
Psh= VʟIsh= 200(4)= 800W
Pcopper= Pa+ Psh= 540.8+800= 1340.8W
Pin= 30hp×746W/1hp= 22,380W
Pstray= Pin－(Pʟ+Pcopper)
Pstray= 22,380－(20,000+1340.8)
Pstray = 1039.2W

17. A DC generator has no-load output voltage of 120 volts. Its armature
circuit resistance is 0.95 ohm and its field coils are separately energized.
If the load is rated 2 kW at 115 V. Neglecting the effect of armature
reaction, what power could be delivered to the load?
Solution:
Rʟ= Vʟ^2 / P = 115^2 / 2000= 6.6Ω
Iʟ= E/(Ra+Rʟ) = 120 /(0.95+6.6) = 15.894A
Pʟ= Iʟ^2(Rʟ)
Pʟ= 15.894^2 (6.6)
Pʟ= 1667.286W
18. The armature of a 6-pole separately excited dc generator is lap
wound with 534 onductors. This machine delivers power to the load at
250 V while being driven at 1000 rpm. At this load, the armature circuit
dissipates 640 W. If the flux per pole of generator is 30 mWb, determine
the kW rating of the load served. Assume a total brush contact drop of
2V.
Solution:
E= PNZɸ / 60a = PNZɸ/60mP = 6(1000)(534)(30×10^－3) / 60(1)(6) =
267V
E= Vʟ+Va+Vb
Va= E－(Vʟ+Vb) = 267－(250+2)= 15V
Pa= VaIa
Ia= Pa/Va= 640/15= 42.667A
Pʟ= VʟIʟ
Pʟ= 250(42.667)
Pʟ = 10.67 kW

19. In a DC generator, the iron losses at 1000 rpm are 10 kW at a given

field current. At a speed of 750 rpm and at the same field current, the
total iron losses become 6 kW. Assume the hysteresis loss is directly
proportional to the speed and the eddy current loss is proportional to
the square of the speed. Determine the iron losses at 500 rpm.
Solution:
Pcore= Pe+Ph= keN^2 + khN
At 1000rpm:
10 = ke(1000)^2 + kh(1000)
kh= 0.01－1000ke →❶
At 750 rpm:
6 = ke(750)^2 + kh(750)
kh= 0.008－750ke →❷
EQUATE EQUATION 1 TO EQUATION 2
0.01－1000ke = 0.008－750ke
ke = 8×10^－6
kh= 0.01－1000(8×10^－6) = 2×10^－3
AT 500 RPM:
Pcore = keN^2 + khN
Pcore = (8×10^－6 )(500)^2 + (2×10^－3)(500)
Pcore = 3 kW
20. A certain 5.5 kW, 125-V DC long shunt compound generator was
operated shunt motor at no load for determination of stray power
losses. With 135 V equal the generated emf at full load applied to the
armature and at normal speed of 1700 rpm, the current input to the
armature was found to be 2.5A. The armature, shunt field and series
field resistances are 0.2Ω , 50Ω and 0.25Ω, respectively. Determine the
efficiency of the generator at rated load.
Solution:
AS A SHUNT MOTOR AT NO LOAD
Pstray= VʟIa－Ia^2(Ra)= (135)(2.5)－(2.5)^2(0.2) = 336.25W
AS A LONG SHUNT COMPOUND MOTOR
Iʟ= Pʟ/Vʟ = 5,500/125 = 44A
Ish = Vʟ/Rsh= 125/50=2.5A
Ia= Iʟ+Ish = 44+2.5= 46.5A
Psh= VʟIsh= (125)(2.5)= 312.5W
Pa = Ia^2(Ra)= (46.5)^2(0.2) = 432.45W
Pse= Ia^2(Rse)= (46.5)^2(0.25)= 540.56W
η= (Pʟ/ Pʟ+Pa+Psh+Pse+Pstray)×100%
η= (5,500 / 5,500+432.45+312.5+336.25) ×100%
η = 83.57%