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    Simple Mechanical Devices and Systems

    Uploaded by

    Sarah Hanton
    The document discusses mechanical advantage and simple machines. It defines mechanical advantage as the ratio of load to effort. Several examples are given calculating mechanical advantage. The three simple machines that provide mechanical advantage discussed are the inclined plane (wedge and ramp), wheel and axle, and lever. Cams are also discussed as a mechanism that converts rotary to linear motion using specially shaped wheels. Common uses of cams include automata toys, locking mechanisms, and bicycle seats and wheels.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Simple Mechanical Devices and Systems

    Uploaded by

    Sarah Hanton
    25 views7 pages
    The document discusses mechanical advantage and simple machines. It defines mechanical advantage as the ratio of load to effort. Several examples are given calculating mechanical advantage. The three simple machines that provide mechanical advantage discussed are the inclined plane (wedge and ramp), wheel and axle, and lever. Cams are also discussed as a mechanism that converts rotary to linear motion using specially shaped wheels. Common uses of cams include automata toys, locking mechanisms, and bicycle seats and wheels.

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    Simple Mechanical devices and systems

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    The document discusses mechanical advantage and simple machines. It defines mechanical advantage as the ratio of load to effort. Several examples are given calculating mechanical advantage. The three simple machines that provide mechanical advantage discussed are the inclined plane (wedge and ramp), wheel and axle, and lever. Cams are also discussed as a mechanism that converts rotary to linear motion using specially shaped wheels. Common uses of cams include automata toys, locking mechanisms, and bicycle seats and wheels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views7 pages

    Simple Mechanical Devices and Systems

    Uploaded by

    Sarah Hanton
    The document discusses mechanical advantage and simple machines. It defines mechanical advantage as the ratio of load to effort. Several examples are given calculating mechanical advantage. The three simple machines that provide mechanical advantage discussed are the inclined plane (wedge and ramp), wheel and axle, and lever. Cams are also discussed as a mechanism that converts rotary to linear motion using specially shaped wheels. Common uses of cams include automata toys, locking mechanisms, and bicycle seats and wheels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Grade 8 Technology Mechanical Systems and Control

    Simple mechanical devices and systems


    Mechanical Advantage

    Definition:

    Mechanical Advantage is . . .

    • Machines help us do WORK with LESS EFFORT

    • We can calculate mechanical advantage using

    • Mechanical advantage = _________________________

    For example

    If I have a 12 Newton load and put in 6 Newtons of effort the mechanical advantage is . . .

    MA = 12 ÷ 6

    MA = 2

    Calculate the mechanical advantage in the following cases:

    Case 1: The load is 100 Newtons, I use 20 Newtons of effort

    MA=

    Case 2: The load is 80 Newtons, I put in 20 newtons of effort

    MA=

    Case 3: The load is 120 Newtons, I put in 20 newtons effort

    MA =

    The less the effort required per unit load the greater the mechanical advantage.

    Which of the cases above gave the best mechanical advantage?

    3 Simple Machines that provide a mechanical advantage

    1
    Grade 8 Technology Mechanical Systems and Control

    Label me
    Machines 1 and 2: A wedge and a ramp

    Both a wedge and a ramp make use of an “inclined plane”

    An inclined plane is a

    ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………

    The Wedge

    • Definition:
    ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

    Can you understand how each of the above uses a wedge mechanism?

    Can you think of other examples?


    2
    Grade 8 Technology Mechanical Systems and Control

    The Ramp

    • A ramp is a …………………………………… leading from one level (normally ground) to another (higher).

    Examples of ramps

    Can you identify places locally where ramps are used?

    Machine 3: The Wheel and Axle

    • Wheel: ………………………………..

    • Axle:………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

    • The wheel is attached to the axle, so that as the wheel turns, the axle also turns.

    Examples of wheels and axels: in each case label the wheel and label the axel and describe what each examples
    shows the wheel and axel doing.

    Crank mechanisms:
    A crank is . . . .

    3
    Grade 8 Technology Mechanical Systems and Control

    A crank coverts ____________ motion to ____________ motion or vice versa.

    Crank and slider

    The input to a crank mechanism might be rotary motion (such as a wheel), then the output motion will be
    _____________.

    4
    Grade 8 Technology Mechanical Systems and Control

    The input motion in a crank mechanism might be linear / oscillating motion such as in a piston, then the output motion
    will be _____________.

    Crank shaft

    In combustion engines such as cars or steam trains combustion or high pressure steam makes the pistons move which
    results in ___________ motion in the wheels.

    Cams
    The Cam

    5
    Grade 8 Technology Mechanical Systems and Control

    • The ________ is a specially shaped wheel with a _____________ that is fixed onto an axle/shaft, upon which
    it rotates.
    • A _____________ is a device that moves _______________ as it follows the shape of the rotating cam. It is
    not attached to the cam.
    • The cam and follower system converts _______________ motion into _____________ motion.

    In easy English, one object rotating causes another object to go up and down
    Cams can be of different shapes. The shapes and the
    position of the pivot alter the pattern of oscillation
    produced by the cam.

    Pear- or egg-
    shaped cam

    Snail Cam:

    A snail Cam rotates around a centre point and has a snail-shell shape. The follower drops down suddenly at the edge,
    which makes it different to the normal cam.

    Eccentric Cam and Eccentric Wheel

    The pivot / axle of an eccentric cam or eccentric wheel is offset from the centre. This means that the radius is not
    constant.

    6
    Grade 8 Technology Mechanical Systems and Control

    Use of Cams
    Cams can be used in automata toys

    They can also be used in locking


    mechanisms

    Such as a cam cleat

    Or in lever cam locks like those used in cutting machines and in bicycles for wheels and seats

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