An Introduction to Vehicle Safety

The opportunities of Our Safety Engineering Services

Dr. Stephan Zecha, Markus Straub, December 19th, 2023

www.continental-automotive.com Safety and Motion (SAM) | Segment Motion Technologies and Services (MTS)
Agenda

Vehicle Safety
Accident statistics

Biomechanics and injury limits

Test methods & Test tools passive safety

Automated driving

Active Safety Functions and Sensors

Challenges for automated driving

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Safety Engineering Services
Our Facilities

SAFETY Crash Facility

ENGINEERING
Headquarters
Sled Facility

Impactor
Dynamic Area Facility

Temperature
Test Facility

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Safety Engineering Services
Portfolio

PASSIVE SAFETY SAFETY TESTING FUNCTION INTEGRATED

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT SAFETY SYSTEMS

› Vehicle safety for › Crash-, sled- and › CAE-simulation of › Pre-crash safety

worldwide market impactor testing interior, systems
› System development of › Airbag deployment occupant, component, › Enhanced passive
restraint systems tests pedestrian, safety automated cars
rollover and structure
› Supply of restraint › Structure tests › Active safety
system components › Algorithm development applications for trucks
› Sensorics abuse tests
› Intelligent intersection

Continental Safety Engineering Management Alzenau © Continental AG June 2023

Accident statistics
Status traffic safety in Germany

1970 - 2022
Improved significantly

• 1970: 21,33 k
-87%
• 2022: 2,79 k

Source: Destatis

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Definition of a dummy and Injury criteria

▪ A dummy is an anthropomorphic test instrument that is modeled on human

as closely as possible

▪ Instead of volunteer test persons, dummies have been used since the
1950s to examine the safety of ejection seats used in aircraft. The
automotive industry was also interested in such a dummy, as the number of
traffic fatalities continued to rise.

▪ A dummy can only be used for a specific load case. Sensors measure
forces, acceleration, etc. in the relevant regions.
a
▪ However, injury risk curves are required in order to be able to convert the
measured values into an injury severity and probability.

▪ The Abbreviated Injury Scale especially describes the injuries in head and
neck area of occupants involving in collisions

▪ The Head Injury Criterion (HIC) has been developed to measure the
accelerations acting on the head of occupants. this index is used with head-
on impacts. A HIC greater than 1000 is basically declared as the threshold
value from which high occupant injuries are expected.
Source: Hayes et al. (2007)

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Milestone of Anthropomorphic Test Devices (Dummies)

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

The idea of a Bringing dummies to Different load cases and Improve current dummies.
humanlike legislation and testing. population to women an
measurement children.
device for
improving safety
Q-Series 3,5 -32 kg
of cars. ES-2 & SID-IIs
THOR 5F
HII 50th Male HIII 50th Male
BioRID-II
THOR 50M
P-series
WorldSID-50M
HIII 5th Female WorldSID-5F
more humanlike (biofidelic)
Source: humanetics

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 Types of dummies
Intension to protect The most dummies are developed with the
intension to protect humans in car crashes from
serios to fatal injuries (AIS3+) only the BioRID II
is to prevent whiplash injuries (AIS1)

Child ATDs
Frontal impact

Q-Series 3,5 -32

kg
HII 50th Male HIII 50th Male HIII 5th Female HIII 95th Male THOR 50M THOR 5F
Rear impact

Side impact

P-Series 3,5 -32

kg

HIII 16-
35 kg
BioRID-II SID-IIs ES-2 WorldSID-5F WorldSID-50M
Source: humanetics

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What makes a car safer?

Traditionally, vehicle safety has focused on how a vehicle protects its occupants in TECHNOLOGIES
a crash. Today vehicles offer far more than crash protection. The safest vehicle today
will first help you to prevent or reduce the severity of a crash, and if a crash does Seatbelts help to spread the force
still occur, it will provide you and those around you with a higher degree of SEAT BELTS of impact across stronger parts of
protection. The combination of a sound structure, good restraint systems and active the body to reduce the risk of
safety assist technologies provides the best chance of survival in a crash. injury.

They can reduce your risk of

AIRBAGS
serious injury, by inflating to
cushion your body from the full
impact of a crash

DRIVER These include, for example, lane

ASSISTANCE departure warning systems,
SYSTEMS emergency braking systems and
adaptive cruise control. These
systems help to prevent accidents
or minimize their impact.

ANTI LOCK BRAKES Designed to prevent wheels from

locking up during heavy braking.

ELECTRONIC Another optional safety feature,

STABILITY CONTROL electronic stability control can help
you maintain control of your car in
adverse conditions, such as wet
roads.

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How are cars tested for passive safety?

Is it safe in a vehicle even if I have an accident other than those mentioned in the REGULATIONS
legislation or the "Euro NCAP" recommendations? For example, what if the specific
kinematics of the vehicle during an accident result in my head coming into contact with A range of destructive physical
something other than an airbag? What about fellow passengers in the second or third Legislation crash tests are conducted to
row of seats? simulate the most common types
of on-road crashes. These include
frontal impact, side impact, run-
off-road, rear-end, and pedestrian
strikes.

The effect on adult and child

occupants is assessed with the
help of our family of dummies.
Legislation Consumer
Consumer Consumer information provides
prospective car buyers with factual
information about the safety
performance of cars in crahes.
UN-R
In recent years, safety is
increasingly marketed by car
manufacturers and a variety of
GB NHTSA methods for rating car crash safety
are used to provide impartial
information which can guide car
buyers.
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Safety Engineering
Testing Portfolio
Crash Sled Impactor Tests Airbag Laboratory Structure Tests

› Frontal / side / rear crash › System tests (frontal, side › Active & passive › Airbag development tests › Door strength tests
and rear impact) pedestrian protection tests
› Rollover tests › Conformity of Production › Roof strength tests
(kerb trip, soil trip, › Component tests › Free motion headform tests
corkscrew, embankment) (seat belts, child seats, (FMH) tests › Belt anchorage tests
› Out of Position tests
doors and latches,
› Ejection Mitigation › Static Misuse
HV batteries) › Pendulum tests
› Guided linear impactor

Accreditation ISO 17025 by DAkkS for vehicle Testing according worldwide TISAX certification for Information and
safety relevant EC and ECE regulations standards and rules Prototype security (Scope No. SZYMHZ)

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Active Safety Systems
From Driver Assistance to Automated Driving

PILOT

CHAUFFEUR › NCAP 2025 5 stars

› Automated cruising
COMPANION › Valet parking
› NCAP 2025 5 stars › ODD-Extension
PREMIUM › Automated cruising
COMPANION › Valet parking Redundant safety path
PERFORMANCE › NCAP 2025 5 stars Redundant safety path
ASSIST BASE › Hands-off cruising
› Premium parking
› NCAP 2025 5 stars › Premium surround
ASSIST BASE › NCAP 2025 5 stars › Hands-off cruising vision
› ACC, LCF <80kph
› GSR › Semi-Auto lane change › Premium parking
ASSIST ENTRY › NCAP 2023 5 stars SW scalable to L3
› Premium surround
› ACC, LCF
› Stand-Alone GSR › Semi-Auto lane change ASSIST BASE vision
› NCAP 2023 3 stars
› Entry ACC and LCF
› Automated parking
› Surround vision
ASSIST ENTRY
› (Semi)Auto Parking
› Rear vision
› Surround vision Explanation: Radar Camera LiDAR Function Host

ADCU Ultrasonic Smart Camera

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Active Safety Systems
Driver Assistance and Active Safety Functions

Driver Assistance Active Safety

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Lane detection / keeping Automated Emergency Braking (AEB)

Blind Spot detection Parking Assistance

Functional Safety
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Active Safety Systems
Sensors for a seamless environment recognition

Right Turn Assist

+/- 60 °
Lane Support +/- 50 °
(LKS, LDP, LCA)
AEB Pedestrian
Traffic Sign Recognition

Adaptive Cruise Control +/- 80 °

Automated Emergency Brake
BSD / LCA
RCTA

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Active Safety Systems
Autonomous Emergency Brake Function
Stopped AEB
Initiate Haptical Optical Object
AEB warning warning detected

4 3 2 1 0

ARS441DC13 VRU trip curves

40m 60m 70m 90m
90,00

80,00
OA_WB_VRU
70,00
EB_VRU
60,00
TTC = 2s
Distance [m]

50,00
TTC = 3s

40,00

30,00

20,00

10,00

0,00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
relativ speed [kph] Source: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety IIHS (USA) ; Large truck automatic emergency braking demonstration – YouTube

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Active Safety Systems
Usage of Intelligent Infrastructure for traffic safety

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Active Safety Systems
Usage of Intelligent Infrastructure
Safe Infrastructure with Automotive Radar Systems

System Concept

Sensors Detection Traffic

Traffic Signal Traffic
(HW+ Sensor System Management System
Controller Signal
SW) Optionally cloud connection

Intelligent Road Side Unit Data & Customer

Intersection by I2V CU + Analytics
Continental antennas + SW

* Continental optional feature

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Active Safety Systems
Safety functions based on Infrastructure Radar
Significant improvement in road safety through:
Wrong-way driver warning system Right-Turn Assist Left-Turn Assist

> 30%
of all traffic accidents can
be addressed by
intelligent infrastructure
measures

Significant improvement in traffic flow for all (!) Road user

Green phase extension Holding Zone Detection Green switch cyclist

20% reduction in
emissions
30% reduction in waiting
times

The time is now to accelerate the roll-out of these serial solutions

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Contact Us
www.Continental-Safety-Engineering.com

Head of Integrated
Safety Systems Head of Testing

Dr Stephan Markus
Zecha Straub
Phone: Phone:
+49-6023-942-124 +49-6023-942-151
E-Mail: E-Mail:
[email protected] [email protected]

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Thank you for your attention.
 We make Safety
and Motion happen