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escape, or break from the demands of reality; it can

The Psychology of Fantasy


actually be productive in building problem-solving
The general tone of novels is so literal that when the skills. It can encourage readers to imagine
fantastic is introduced it produces a special effect:
themselves in different roles and scenarios, pursuing
some readers are thrilled, others choked off: it
demands an additional adjustment because of the alternate decisions and actions without experiencing
oddness of its method or subject matter — like a any real risk. By living vicariously through fantasy
sideshow in an exhibition where you have to pay
sixpence as well as the original fee. characters, readers can expand on their techniques
for solving personal problems.
E.M. Forster, Aspects ofthe Novel (New York:
Harcourt, Brace & World, 1954), 160.
The ability to imagine is a mechanism for survival;

Fantasy literature offers the reader much of what fantasizing is a human activity essential to creating a
balance in one's life. As Lloyd Alexander explains,
general fiction offers — escape and adventure — but
"paradox and polarity are inherent in the very
it goes far beyond the familiar realm of belief. It
structure ofthe brain . . . one hemisphere is rational,
allows us to enter a world of "contrasts and
cognitive, analytical; the other, non-rational,
opposites", to break away from the entrapment of
nonverbal, intuitive. One half an intellectual; the other
realism. While some may consider this genre to be
a visionary. We need both to maintain equilibrium
of little importance or value to the psychological
health of the reader, many may argue that it is integral in this universe within our heads". Reading fantasy
can therefore produce this mental balancing effect.
to a healthy state of mind.

Critics ofthe fantasy genre believe that indulging in Dreaming is another human survival mechanism,
proven essential to mental health by scientific studies.
fantasy stories can shift a person's focus to less
productive matters. They argue that it tempts Entering a dream state on a regular basis refreshes

readers into avoiding the realities of life by putting the mind in order to cope with the demands of a
new day. In dream deprivation experiments, where
off real-world responsibilities and evading serious
subjects are deprived of REM sleep (i.e., dream-
personal issues. To these people, fantasy equates
stage sleep) mental deterioration occurs rapidly.
to useless daydreaming and nostalgia. "In fact, they
Without dreams, without fantasy, we become shells
conclude, fantasy is evasive, escapist, and
counterproductive" (Pamela S. Gates). of our potential selves.

Fantasy is therefore important to mental well being,


Several people oppose these beliefs. While they
particularly for the young adult reader. It provides
acknowledge that fantasy may encourage the evasion
a momentary escape, a release. It helps increase
of real-life problems, they argue that the value of
the potential of ones' imagination to solve life's
the genre cannot be overlooked. Fantasy, they
problems. It can help resolve emotional conflicts
propose, provides not only a temporary, healthy
and alleviate teen anxieties.

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References

Gates, Pamela S. Fantasy Literature for Children


and Young Adults. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow
Press, 2003.
Irwin, W. R. The Game of the Impossible: A
Rhetoric ofFantasy. Chicago: University of
Illinois Press, 1976.
Tymn, Marshall B., Kenneth J. Zahorski, and
Robert H. Boyer. Fantasy Literature: A Core
Collection and Reference Guide. New York:
R.R. Bowker Company, 1979.

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