Updated English Syllabus - Final

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2023 UPDATED ENGLISH SYLLABUS FINAL

SEMESTERS 2, 4 & 6

SEMESTER 2
CORE 3 HONOURS - INDIAN WRITING IN ENGLISH
Background study—Indian English, Indian English Literature and its readership, themes and
context of the Indian English novel, the aesthetics of Indian poetry, modernism in Indian
English literature.
Group A- Poetry
H.L.V. Derozio—Freedom to the Slave
Michael Madhusudan Dutt—I Stood in Solitude
Kamala Das- Introduction
K. Ramanujan—Another View of Grace
Nissim Ezekiel—The Night of the Scorpion
Jayanta Mahapatra-Hunger
Group B- Fiction
Novel: R.K.Narayan—The Guide
Short Stories:
Shashi Deshpande—The Intrusion
Ruskin Bond - Tiger, Tiger, Burning Bright
Salman Rushdie - The Free Radio
Group C—Drama Girish Karnad - Tughlaq
Pattern of Questions:
Internal of 20 marks from Group C; 05 on attendance.
End Semester:
Group A. 2 long questions out of 4 from poetry of 10 marks each.
1 reference to context questions out of 3 of 5 marks.

Group B. 1 long question from novel with internal choice of 15 marks.


2 short questions out of 3 of 5 marks each from short stories.
[Students cannot attempt long and RTC questions from the same text]
CORE 4 HONOURS: BRITISH POETRY & DRAMA (14 TH -17TH C)
Group A. Background study:
The historical, political, socio-cultural background, literary & intellectual details.
The generic & social history of poetry and poetic forms, with special reference to the sonnet.
The development of English drama on the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage.
Renaissance Humanism
The Stage, Court and City
Religious and Political Thought
Ideas of Love and Marriage
Group B. Poetry:
Geoffrey Chaucer—Prologue (lines 1-42)
Shakespeare - Sonnets: 30, 130
Donne - Cannonization
Marvell - To His Coy Mistress
Group C Drama:
The following texts are for detailed study:
Christopher Marlowe- Tamburlaine I, OR William Shakespeare-Macbeth
William Shakespeare- Twelfth Night, OR Ben Jonson—Alchemist
HIGHLIGHTED PORTION ADDED
Pattern of Questions:
Internal: 05 on attendance; 10 marks hand-written project/ power point presentation
from Group A.
10 marks written test on Geoffrey Chaucer -Prologue (lines 1-42) from Group B.
End Semester:
Group B: 1 essay type question from poetry out of 3 of 15 marks.
1 reference to context from poems out of 3 of 5 marks.
Group C: 2 essay type questions with internal choice from each of the two plays of 15
marks each.
[Students cannot attempt long and RTC questions from the same text]

GE: POEMS & SHORT STORIES


Cultural Diversity: Selections from Modern Indian Literature, ed. Sukrita Paul Kumar,
Macmillan. [Selected portions are in Bold]
Syllabus Details:
Unit 5: Dalit Voices (Excerpt from Dalit Sahitya: The Historical Background)
Unit 6: Writing in English (Excerpt from Indian ‘Pride and Prejudice’)
Unit 7: Womanspeak: Examples from Kannada and Bangla
Unit 8: Literary Cultures: Gujarati and Sindhi
HIGHLIGHTED TEXTS LEFT OUT
Pattern of questions:
Internal of 20 marks from Unit 7; 05 on attendance.
End Semester:
3 essay type questions out of 5 from Units 5 & 6 of 15 marks each.
1 short note/question out of 3 of 5 marks each from prescribed texts.

AECC: ENGLISH COMMUNICATION


1. Language of Communication:
i. Types and modes of communication
ii. Personal, social and business
2. Speaking Skills
i. Dialogue
ii. Group Discussion
iii. Interview
3. Reading and Understanding
i. Comprehension ii. Summary, Paraphrasing
4. Writing Skills
i. Writing Reports
ii. CV Writing
iii. Writing Emails
iv. Correspondence: Personal, Official & Business
Evaluation Modalities
i. Attendance- 5 marks
ii. Theory -10 marks
iii. Practical (viva for speaking skill evaluation) – 10 marks
N.B. The examination and evaluation will be conducted by the colleges.

LCC
Glimpses 2nd Edition
All the World’s a Stage – William Shakespeare
Three Years She Grew – William Wordsworth
Wild Swans at Coole – William Butler Yeats
Sympathy – Paul Laurence Dunbar
The Model Millionaire – Oscar Wilde
The Lottery Ticket – Anton Chekov
A Cup of Tea – Katherine Mansfield
After Twenty Years – O. Henry
PLEASE NOTE CHANGE IN INTERNAL ASSESSMENT:
Internal Assessment: Hand written/ ICT enabled project work of 20 marks on any one
of the authors
End Semester: 25 MCQs of 2 marks each

SEMESTER 4
CORE 8 HONOURS: 18TH C BRITISH LITERATURE
Suggested background topics—the 18th century as the age of prose and reason;
Enlightenment and Neoclassicism; the country and the city; rise of sensibility; the rise of the
periodical press and the novel as a genre.
Group A. Poetry.
Samuel Johnson, ‘London’; Gray, ‘Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard’; Blake,
‘Introduction’, ‘The Lamb’, ‘The Tyger’ from Songs of Innocence and of Experience.
Group B. Drama
William Congreve, The Way of the World
Group C. Fiction:
Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels BK.3 & 4.
Pattern of Questions:
PLEASE NOTE CHANGE IN INTERNAL ASSESSMENT & END SEMESTER
EXAMINATION:
Internal Assessment: Handwritten Project/ Power point Presentation on any two of the
following topics (10+10)
i) Restoration Comedy
ii) Rise of the Novel
iii) Rise of the Periodical Press; 05 on attendance.
End Semester:
Group A. 1 long question out of 3 of 15 marks from poetry;
1 locate & annotate of 5 marks out of 3.
[Students cannot attempt long and RTC questions from the same text]
Group B

• One long question with internal choice of 15 marks from Congreve


Group C.
● One long question with internal choice of 15 marks from Swift

CORE 9 HONOURS: BRITISH ROMANTIC LITERATURE


Backgrounds to Romantic poetry—trends, traditions and techniques and a general overview
of poets and their works. Social, political and intellectual developments and their impact on
literature; Reason & Imagination; conceptions of man and nature; literature & revolution; the
Gothic novel
Group A. Poetry
William Wordsworth- ‘Tintern Abbey’;
S.T. Coleridge- ‘Kubla Khan,’
P.B. Shelley- ‘Ode to the West Wind’
John Keats— ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’
Group B: Fiction & Non-fiction:
Horace Walpole-The Castle of Otranto
Charles Lamb, Dream Children, The Superannuated Man
Thomas de Quincey, The Literature of and the Literature of Power, Romantic Prose and
Poetry, ed. Harold Bloom and Lionel Trilling (New York: OUP, 1973) pp. 740-744
HIGHLIGHTED PORTION ADDED
Pattern of Questions:
Internal: Written test of 20 marks on Walpole; 05 on attendance
End Semester:
Group A. 2 long questions out of 4 of 15 marks each.
2 short questions/reference to context out of 4 of 5 marks each
Group B. Non-fiction: One long question out of 2 of 10 marks.
[Students cannot attempt long answer and short question/note/RTC from the same text]

CORE 10 HONOURS: 19TH CENTURY BRITISH LITERATURE

Historical Background: Utilitarianism; The 19th Century Novel; Marriage and Sexuality; The
Writer and Society; Faith and Doubt; The Dramatic Monologue
Group A. Poetry
Tennyson-‘Ulysses’
Robert Browning - ‘My Last Duchess’
Christina Rossetti --‘The Goblin Market’
Matthew Arnold- ‘Dover Beach’
Group B. Novel
Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice/ Charlotte Bronte – Jane Eyre
Charles Dickens - David Copperfield/ Great Expectations (Any one novel to be taught)
PLEASE NOTE CHANGE IN INTERNAL ASSESSMENT & END SEMESTER
EXAMINATION:
Pattern of Questions:
Internal Assessment: Hand written Project/ Power point presentation on any two
topics: Utilitarianism; Marriage and Sexuality; The Writer and Society; Faith and Doubt;
Victorian non fictional prose 10 + 10 marks; 05 on attendance
End Semester:
Group A. 1 long question of 15 marks out of 3.
1 reference to context of 5 marks out of 3.
Group B. 1 long question of 15 marks with internal choice from Austen/ Bronte.
1 long question of 15 marks with internal choice from Dickens
[Students cannot attempt long and short question/note/RTC from the same text]

GENERIC ELECTIVE
(ENGHGEC04T /ENGGCOR04T)
Essay:
‘Sir Roger at Home’-Joseph Addison
‘The Seaside’—Robert Lynd
Short Fiction:
‘The Last Leaf’—O. Henry
‘Tiger in the Tunnel’—Ruskin Bond
Poetry:
‘The Solitary Reaper’—William Wordsworth
‘Road Not Taken’—Robert Frost
‘Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T.S.’—Nissim Ezekiel
‘A River’—A.K. Ramanujan
Pattern of Questions:
Internal: Project of 10 marks on any one writer; written exam of 10 marks on Ezekiel
and Ramanujan.
End Semester:
2 long questions out of 6 of 15 marks each (with internal choice from Essay, Short
Fiction & Poetry); 10 short questions of 2 marks each.

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE (ENGSSEC02M)

CREATIVE WRITING

Group A.

Unit 1. What is Creative Writing ?


Unit.II. The Art and Craft of Writing.
Unit III. Modes of Creative Writing.

Group B.

Unit IV. Writing for the Media.


Unit. V. Preparing for Publication.
Pattern of Question:

Internal Examination to be taken by college: 20 marks written exam; 05 attendance.

ALTERNATIVE ENGLISH (ENGMCOR02T)

Internal Assessment:

1. Writing a notice with agenda - 10 marks

2. Writing Minutes & Resolutions of a meeting from a provided notice with agenda - 10
marks

End Semester Exam:

3. Grammar:

a. Articles & Prepositions - Fill in the blanks (in a paragraph or two) - 5 marks

b. Phrasal verbs- Fill in the blanks - 5 marks

c. Idioms (Check appendix) - Fill in the blanks -10 marks

4. Vocabulary:

a. Words often confused (Check appendix)- Fill in the blanks - 5 pairs - 10 marks

b. Technical terms used in Commerce and Corporate world/Words & Terms used in Business
etc. (Check appendix)- Fill in the blanks - 10 marks

7. Writing an Email - 10 marks

Email format should include


the sender's email id,
a complete, plausible email id for the recipient,
Cc, Bcc,
Date, Subject, Salutation, Body, Subscription,
Name and Designation.

SEMESTER 6
CORE 13 HONOURS: MODERN EUROPEAN DRAMA

Background Reading:
Politics, Social Change and the Stage
Text and Performance
European Drama: Realism and Beyond
Tragedy and Heroism in Modern European Drama
The Theatre of the Absurd
Plays:
1. Henrik Ibsen- A Doll’s House
2. Bertolt Brecht -The Good Woman of Setzuan
3. Samuel Beckett -Waiting for Godot
4. Eugene Ionesco- Rhinoceros
Pattern of Questions:
Internal on Samuel Beckett of 20 marks; 05 on attendance
End Semester:
1 long question of 15 marks from Ibsen with internal choice.
1 long question of 15 marks from Brecht with internal choice.
1 long question of 15 marks from Ionesco with internal choice.
1 short note/ question out of 3 from the plays of 5 marks

CORE 14 HONOURS: POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE

Background study—decolonization, globalization and literature; literature and identity


Politics; writing for the new world; region, race and gender; postcolonial literatures and
question of form.
Group A. Poetry
Pablo Neruda-- ‘Tonight I can Write’
Derek Walcott --‘A Far Cry from Africa’
David Malouf --‘Revolving Days’
Mamang Dai --‘Small Towns and the River’
Group B. Fiction
Novels:
Chinua Achebe—Things Fall Apart
Gabriel Garcia Marquez-- Chronicle of a Death Foretold
Short Fiction:
Bessie Head - ‘The Collector of Treasures’
Ama Ata Aidoo - ‘The Girl who can’
Grace Ogot - ‘The Green Leaves’

Pattern of Questions:
Internal of 20 marks on Marquez; 05 on attendance
End Semester:
Group A. 1 long question of 15 marks out of 3 poets
1 reference to context out of 3 of 5 marks
Group B. 1 long question of 15 marks from novel with internal choice.
1 long question of 15 marks out of 3 from short fiction
[Students cannot attempt long and short question/note/RTC from the same text]

HONOURS DSE4: LITERARY THEORY

1. MARXISM
Marxist model of society- Base & Superstructure
Marxist Literary Criticism
Leninist Marxism/Vulgar Marxism
Engelsian Marxist Criticism/ Russian Formalism
Gramsci - Rule vs Hegemony
Althusser - Ideology; State power/ Repressive structures; State Control/ State
Ideological Apparatus/Ideological structures; Interpellation

2. FEMINISM
What is feminism
Difference between 'feminist', 'female', and 'feminine'.
Feminist literary theory
Elaine Showalter
Julia Kristeva
Three Phases of Women’s Writings
Gynocriticism
Ecriture Feminine

3. STRUCTURALISM
Saussure
Signs
Signifier/Signified
Langue and Parole
Poststructuralism
Difference between Structuralism and Poststructuralism

4. POSTCOLONIALISM
The Imperial Turn: Gandhi, Anti-colonial Struggle and the Early Postcolonial
Frantz Fanon and the Psychopathology of Colonialism
Aimé Césaire, Leopold Senghor and Negritude
Edward Said, Orientalism and the Postcolonial Moment
Homi Bhaba, Mimicry and Hybridity in Postcolonialism
Colonial Discourses and English Studies
The Literature of Empire
Language and Imperialism

Recommended texts:
Beginning Theory, Peter Barry, Viva Books, New Delhi, 3rd Edition
Contemporary Literary and Cultural Theory, Pramod K. Nayar, Pearson, 46th Impression,
2022

Pattern of Questions:
Internal Assessment: Written exam on Postcolonialism; 05 on attendance.
End Semester:
4 short questions/ notes of 5 marks each from each section to be set. Candidates will
have to answer 10 questions.

HONOURS DSE 5: PARTITION LITERATURE


Background Study: Colonialism, Nationalism, and the Partition, Communalism and Violence,
Homelessness and Exile, Women in Partition

Group A. Poetry

1. Faiz Ahmad Faiz, ‘For Your Lanes, My Country’, in In English: Faiz Ahmad Faiz,
A Renowned Urdu Poet, tr. and ed. Riz Rahim (California: Xlibris, 2008) p. 138.
2. Amrita Pritam, ‘I say Unto Waris Shah’ Translated by Khushwant Singh (PLEASE
NOTE CHANGE OF TEXT)
3. Gulzar, ‘Toba Tek Singh’, tr. Anisur Rahman, in Translating Partition, ed. Tarun
Saint et. al. (New Delhi: Katha, 2001) p. x.

Group B. Novel

1.Khuswant Singh—Train to Pakistan


2.Intizar Husain --Basti, tr. Frances W. Pritchett (New Delhi: Rupa, 1995).

Group C. Short Fiction


3. a) Dibyendu Palit, ‘Alam's Own House’, tr. Sarika Chaudhuri, Bengal Partition
Stories: An Unclosed Chapter, ed. Bashabi Fraser (London: Anthem Press, 2008) pp.
453–7
b) Manik Bandopadhyay, ‘The Final Solution’, tr. Rani Ray, Mapmaking: Partition
Stories from Two Bengals, ed. Debjani Sengupta (New Delhi: Srishti, 2003) pp. 23–
39.
c) Sa’adat Hasan Manto, ‘Cold Meat’, in Black Margins:Manto, tr. M. Asaduddin
(New Delhi: Katha, 2003) pp 204 – 211 (PLEASE NOTE CHANGE OF TEXT)
d)Lalithambika Antharajanam, ‘A Leaf in the Storm’, tr. K. Narayana Chandran, in
Stories about the Partition of India ed. Alok Bhalla (New Delhi: Manohar, 2012) pp.
137–45.

Pattern of Questions:
Internal: 20 on Basti; 05 on attendance
End Semester:
Group A. 1 long question of 15 marks out of 2.
1 locate & annotate of 5 marks out of 2.
(Long answer & RTC cannot be attempted from the same text)
Group B. 1 long question of 15 marks with internal choice from Novel.
Group C. 1 long question of 15 marks out of 3 from Short Fiction.

HONOURS DSE 6 : TRAVEL WRITING: 6 CREDITS

[Not to be offered in 2023]

ENGGDSE04T: SOFT SKILLS


Only Soft Skills will be offered this semester.

SOFT SKILLS

1. Teamwork
2. Emotional Intelligence
3. Employability Skills
4. Workplace Etiquette
5. Problem Solving Skills
6. Learning skills (attitude, aptitude, motivation, confidence)

Recommended Reading:
Recommended text for units 1, 2, 5 and 6: Soft Skills by S P Dhanavel, Orient Blackswan,
2013.

Recommended text for unit 3 (Employability Skills): Employability Skills by Frances


Trought, Pearson, 2017. Chapter 8, titled “Developing an employable you” (Pages 157-174)

Recommended text for unit 4 (Workplace Etiquette): The Etiquette Edge: Modern Manners
for Business Success by Beverly Langford, Second Edition, Amacom eBook. Chapter 14,
titled “Office Space: Make Working Together More Enjoyable and Productive”.

Pattern of questions:

Internal: Unit 1 – 20 marks

End Semester: Units 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6

3 long questions out of 5 of 15 marks each

1 short question/note out of 3 of 5 marks

Soft Skills exercises at the end of the chapters from Soft Skills may be referred to for
long questions from units 2, 5 and 6. For units 3 and 4, questions will be set on entire
chapters.

ENGGEC02T: GENDER & HUMAN RIGHTS


Group A. Unit I: History of International Human Rights Movements & Gender Movements,
Conventions and Agencies

Group B Unit II: Human Rights Violation and their Redressal

Unit III: Literature and Human Rights. Selected text - Mulk Raj Anand ‘Untouchable’.

Group C Unit IV: Gender Rights Violation and their Redressal

Unit V: Gender and Literature. Selected texts - Mahasweta Devi-- ‘Draupadi’

Pattern of Questions:

Internal: 20 marks from Group A.

End Semester:

1 long theory question with choice between Group B & C of 15 marks

1 long question with internal choice from Untouchable of 15 marks

1 long question with internal choice from ‘Draupadi’ of 15 marks

1 short question/note out of 2 from literary texts of 5 marks


APPENDIX

ALTERNATIVE ENGLISH SEMESTER 4 APPENDIX


LIST OF IDIOMS:

A fly in the ointment; A piece of cake; All duck or no dinner; Birds of a feather;
Call the shots; Cold shoulder; High and dry; Ivory tower; Salad years; Spill the beans;
Bull in a china shop; Eleventh hour; To turn into a new leaf; Don't cry over spilt milk;
Call it a day; Miss the boat; No pain no gain; Under the weather; Pull someone's leg;
Cutting corners; Beat around the bush; A blessing in disguise; Add insult to injury;
Bite off more than you can chew; Once in blue moon; Cannot see eye to eye; Judge a book by
its cover; Make hay while the sun shines; Between the devil and the deep sea

VOCABULARY:

Technical terms used in Commerce and in the Corporate world:

Invoice: an itemized bill for goods


agenda: list of issues to be raised and considered at a meeting
de facto: present in fact, irrespective of whether legitimately or not
Letter of Intent: a letter containing a declaration of the intentions of the sender
Counterfoil: the part of a cheque, receipt, ticket, or any other document that is
retained for the record by the person issuing it.
vendor: an individual or a company offering something for sale
waiver: the act of foregoing a right or claim; often a document containing
information about such a decision is also called waiver
warranty: a written guarantee, issued to the purchaser of an article by its
manufacturer
write-off: the act of cancelling a bad debt or an expired asset from an account
subsidy: an amount of money granted by a public body generally to enable an
industry or a business keep the price of commodity or service low
Indemnity: protection against a loss or some kind of financial constraint
Incentive: generally an increment or offer of encouragement to motivate
someone towards achieving a given result
Intellectual Property: intangible property resulting from intellectual creativity the rights of
which are preserved through patents, copyrights, etc
Legal tender: generally coins or bank notes that must mandatorily be accepted if
given for payment.
Soft loan: a loan given on extremely favourable terms for the borrower; a
common examples are those given to farmers or to developing nations
Tariff: a detailed list of prices or rate of charges commonly used in particular context of
import or export; often used flexibly to mean charges paid for a service
Transaction: an exchange of money, goods and services between two or more persons or
individuals
Soft copy: an electronic copy, stored in the computer
Hard Copy: a printed version on paper of data held in a computer
Freight: cost of transport; it is also loosely used to mean the goods transported in bulk
primarily by truck or train.
Cargo: Goods carried on a ship or an aircraft
Shipment: the action of sending a large amount of goods, often through a courier agency

At work:

Red tapism: the negative, particularly unnecessary formal and time consuming aspect of
bureaucracy.
Brand Loyalty: confidence in a particular brand and a tendency to prefer it over others
Deadline: last date of completion or submission of a particular work
Plagiarism: using other people’s creations without acknowledging that
Assignment: a particular job allotted
Portfolio: a group of investments held by a particular person or concern; also an
employment pattern consisting of short part time assignments
Dissertation: a substantially long research based study

Words and Phrases associated with Social Media:

App: short form of an application, especially downloaded to an android device


Blog: a webpage regularly updated typically to write something creatively, often informally,
by an individual or a group;
Cloud Computing: the practice of making use of a large network of remote servers hosted on
the internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than using a local server or a computer
for that purpose
Crowd funding: the practice, typically via the internet, of funding a project or venture by
raising fund from a large number of people or organizations each contributing a relatively
small amount
Crowd sourcing: The practice, typically via the internet, of procuring information or input
into a project or venture by using the services of a large number of people often divergently
located
E-book: An electronic copy of a book which can be read and downloaded on a computer or
handheld device.
Lifecast: the practice of broadcasting one’s life live on the internet often in the form of a
continuous video
Moblog: a blog maintained from a mobile phone
Streaming: the action of listening to an audio or watching a video directly on the internet
Troll: the action of posting something on the internet which is deliberately offensive
towards someone
Vlog: a blog primarily having its content in the video form
Viral: an image or a video that gets rapidly circulated over the internet

Acknowledgements:
English Vocabulary in Use (Advanced) by M McCarthy, F O'dell, Cambridge University
Press, 2016
Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus Edited by Julia Elliott, Oxford University Press, 2006
https://www.myenglishteacher.eu/blog/social-media-vocabulary-list
https://www.vocabulary.com/lists/173783
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED
(With meanings as close as possible)

Acknowledgements:
www.stlcc.edu/Student_Resources/Academic.../commonly_confused_words
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/.../...

Accept: to receive, to agree


Except: not including

Advice: recommendation (noun)


Advise: to recommend (verb)

Adverse: unfavourable
Averse: opposed to

Affect: to influence (verb); emotional response (noun)


Effect: result (noun); to cause (verb)

Altar: sacred platform or place


Alter: to change

Angel: supernatural being, good person


Angle: shape made by joining 2 straight lines

Are: plural form of "to be"


Our: plural form of "my"

Accent: pronunciation common to a region


Ascent: the act of rising or climbing
Assent: consent, agreement

Bare: nude, unadorned


Bear: to carry; an animal

Beside: close to; next to


Besides: except for; in addition

Board: piece of wood


Bored: uninterested

Born: brought into life


Borne: past participle of "to bear" (carry)

Breath: air taken in (noun)


Breathe: to take in air (verb)

Brake: device for stopping


Break: destroy; make into pieces

Buy: to purchase
By: next to; through the agency of

Coarse: rough
Course: path; series of lectures

Complement: something that completes


Compliment: praise, flattery

Conscience: sense of morality


Conscious: awake, aware

Dairy: place where milk products are processed


Diary: personal journal

Descent: downward movement


Dissent: disagreement
Decent: of a good enough standard or quality

Device: a plan; a tool or utensil


Devise: to create

Do: a verb indicating performance or execution of a task


Dew: water droplets condensed from air
Due: as a result of

Die: to lose life; one of a pair of dice


Dye: to change or add color

Fair: light skinned; just, honest; a carnival


Fare: money for transportation; food

Farther: at a greater (measurable) distance


Further: in greater (non-measurable) depth

Hear: to sense sound by ear


Here: in this place

Heard: past tense of "to hear"


Herd: a group of animals of the same type

Heart: the human organ that pumps blood around the body
Hurt: to cause pain, to injure

Hole: opening
Whole: complete; an entire thing

Its: possessive form of "it"


It's: contraction for "it is"

Later: after a time


Latter: second one of two things
Lessen: to decrease
Lesson: something learned and/or taught

Lightning: storm-related electricity


Lightening: making lighter

Loose: unbound, not tightly fastened


Lose: to misplace

Meat: animal flesh


Meet: to encounter

Moral: distinguishing right from wrong; lesson of a fable or story


Morale: attitude or outlook usually of a group

Passed: past tense of "to pass"


Past: at a previous time

Peace: absence of war


Piece: part of a whole; musical arrangement

Personal: intimate; owned by a person


Personnel: employees

Plain: simple, unadorned


Plane: to shave wood; aircraft (noun)

Precede: to come before


Proceed: to continue

Principal: foremost (adj.); administrator of a school (noun)


Principle: moral conviction, basic truth

Quiet: silent, calm


Quite: very (e.g. quite sure); to some degree (e.g. quite well)

Rain: water drops falling; to fall like rain


Reign: to rule
Rein: strap to control an animal (noun); to guide or control (verb)

Raise: to lift up
Raze: to tear down

Rational: having reason or understanding


Rationale: principles of opinion, beliefs

Right: correct; opposite of left


Rite: ritual or ceremony
Write: to put words on paper
Scene: place of an action; segment of a play
Seen: viewed; past participle of "to see"

Sense: perception, understanding


Since: measurement of past time; because

Sight: scene, view, picture


Site: place, location
Cite: to document or quote (verb)

Stationary: standing still


Stationery: writing paper

Taste: particular quality of different foods/drinks when put in the mouth


Test: examination to check knowledge/ability/condition

Their: possessive form of "they"


There: in that place
They're: contraction for "they are"

Through: finished; into and out of


Threw: past tense of "to throw"
Thorough: complete

Waist: midsection of the body


Waste: discarded material; to squander

Waive: forgo, renounce, give up claim to


Wave: flutter, move back and forth

Weak: not strong


Week: seven days

Weather: climatic condition


Whether: if

Where: in which place


Were: past tense of "to be"

Your: possessive for "of you"


You're: contraction for "you are"

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