ENDANGERED SPECIES

Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. disposal B. animal C. energy D. poverty
Question 2: A. awareness B. solution C. importance D. happiness
Question 3: A. replacement B. pollutant C. resident D. depletion
Question 4: A. consumption B. chemical C. neighborhood D. D. pesticide
Question 5: A. scientist B. consequence C. detergent D. influence

Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 6: A. carbon B. environment C. respiratory D. disposal
Question 7: A. emission B. pesticide C. surface D. soot
Question 8: A. damage B. regional C. growing D. energy
Question 9: A. depleted B. wasted C. reduced D. affected
Question 10: A. width B. healthy C. breathing D. throat

Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 11: Dinosaurs have been ____for millions of years.
A. endangered B. extinct C. threatened D. disappeared
Question 12: It is predicted that over the next few decades many species will die ____as once fertile areas turn to
desert.
A. of B. out C. away D. down
Question 13: All the different plants and animals in a natural community are in a ____of balance.
A. state B. status C. situation D. position
Question 14: The tiger is ____of extinction. It is difficult to find them in the wild.
A. on the wing B. on the rocks C. on the verge D. on the ground
Question 15: Many companies do not want to spend too much on waste ____as the cost is really high.
A. discharge B. release C. rid D. disposal
Question 16: Many plants and endangered species are now endangering of ____.
A. expression B. expulsion C. extinction D. extension
Question 17: Endangered species not only need species measures but also extra protection in order to ____.
A. survival B. survive C. surviving D. survived
Question 18: Different kinds of animals have appeared and disappeared ____Earth’s history.
A. during B. throughout C. within D. through
Question 19: Some animals go ____because the climate where they live changes.
A. extinct B. extinction C. extinctive D. dead
Question 20: The climate may become wetter or drier. It may become warmer or cooler. If the animals cannot
change or ____to the new climate, they will die.
A. adapt B. adopt C. evolve D. resolve
Question 21: An aesthetic justification contends that biodiversity ____to the quality of life because many of the
endangered plants and animals are particularly appreciated for their unique physical beauty.
A. attributes B. contributes C. introduces D. devotes
Question 22: If you buy souvenirs made from ____animals or plants, you might contribute to making them
become extinct.
A. endangered B. danger C. endanger D. dangerous
Question 23: Some animals go extinct because they cannot ____with other animals for food.
A. complete B. find C. compete D. exist
Question 24: Some animals go extinct because they are killed by ____.
A. poachers B. predators C. enemies D. all are correct
Question 25: New kinds of animals are always evolving. Evolving means that the animals are changing ____ from
generation to generation.
A. accidentally B. suddenly C. quickly D. slowly
Question 26: Small differences between parents, children, and grandchildren slowly add up over many ____.
A. generator B. generations C. generators D. generation
Question 27: Sometimes many of the animals on Earth go extinct at the same time. Scientists call this a ____
extinction.
A. huge B. great C. mass D. giant
Question 28: The sea turtle is among the ____species; it is in danger of extinction.
A. common B. normal C. abundant D. rare
Question 29: In 1782, the bald eagle was chosen as the national bird of the United States because it is a bird of
strength and ____found all over North America and only in North America.
A. discouraged B. encouraged C. encouragement D. courage
Question 30: Overexploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized ____a serious
threat ____extinction.
A. as/ of B. to/ for C. over/ with D. upon/ at
Question 31: Clearing forests for timber has resulted ____the loss of biodiversity.
A. with B. at C. in D. for
Question 32: The world’s biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife ____.
A. prosperous B. perfect C. vulnerable D. remained
Question 33: People have always depended on wildlife and plants for food, clothing, medicine, shelter and many
other ____.
A. needs B. demand C. supplies D. provision
Question 34: You will not find kangaroos anywhere else on ____but in Australia.
A. soil B. ground C. earth D. world
Question 35: Thanks to modern technology, scientists have been able to ____the life of plants and animals that
live under the sea.
A. provide B. divide C. investigate D. overcome
Question 36: ____is the term that refers to the existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a
balance environment.
A. Challenge B. Sample C. Biodiversity D. Technology
Question 37: Some whales migrate into warm waters to bear their ____.
A. young B. diets C. calves D. babies
Question 38: Sperm whales are ____, which means they eat meat.
A. herbivores B. carnivores C. omnivores D. mammals
Question 39: Those who concern are very worried about the ____of many species.
A. disappearance B. establishment C. supply D. provision
Question 40: Because of people's ____with the environment, many kinds of plants and animals are becoming rare.
A. supply B. survival C. influence D. interference

Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 41: Human infants have a gestation period of nine months.
A. the time during which a human baby develops inside its mother
B. the time when a stomach digests food
C. the time of eating food D. the time of growing up
Question 42: You can see different kinds of rare animals in this park.
A. priceless B. half-cooked C. unlimited D. limited
Question 43: This is especially worrying when there are about 3,000 plants with values as medicines against
cancer, AIDS, heart disease and many other sicknesses.
A. well B. suddenly C. particularly D. highly
Question 44: Each year about fifty hundred species of plants and animals are already being eliminated.
A. dropped B. removed C. kicked D. tossed
Question 45: Many people come to the national parks to see the work being done to protect endangered species.
A. plants or animals that may be dangerous to people B. plants or animals that disappeared from the world
C. plants or animals that are about to die D. plants or animals that may soon become extinct
Question 46: The seashore was much polluted because of the amount of waste left there. All this rubbish is killing
fish and other marine life.
A. sea plants B. sea mammals C. water life D. sea creatures
Question 47: The oak tree is therefore called the dominant species but there are also many other types of plants,
from brambles, bushes, and small trees to mosses, lichens and algae growing on tree trunks and rocks.
A. having a more important position B. covering the majority of the area
C. providing food for others D. making up the whole community
Question 48: The plant tissues form food for the plant-eating animals (herbivores) which are in turn eaten by
flesh-eating animals (carnivores).
A. leaves B. roots C. cells D. trunks
Question 49: there is a need for a system of control and coordination in an organism.
 A. plant B. animal C. herbivore D. living thing.
Question 50: Many animals were born in captivity. Resultantly, they do not always breed well.
A. imprisonment B. lock C. detention D. freedom
Question 51: The African rhino is an endangered species and needs protecting.
A. unstable B. dangerous C. insecure D. indefensible
Question 52: There are also many things you can do to ensure that you are environmentally conscious when you
visit coral reefs or coastal areas.
A. knowledgeable B. curious C. aware D. acknowledgeable
Question 53: We should do something to protect animals which are on the verge of extinction.
A. at stake B. in danger C. on border D. in risk
Question 54: Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.
A. vanishing B. damaging C. polluting D. destroying
Question 55: Species become extinct or endangered for a number of reasons, but the primary cause is the
destruction of habitat by human activities.
A. whole B. main C. original D. Important

Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 56: The number of rhinos is in steady decline. There are fewer rhinos than ever before.
A. occasional B. constant C. stable D. Persistent
Question 57: Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have
hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
A. simple B. outdated C. advanced D. basic
Question 58: An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct.
A. secured B. rare C. dangerous D. extinct
Question 59: Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than natural rates found in the fossil
record.
A. at last B. at most C. at once D. at all
Question 60: We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species from extinction.
A. kill B. limit C. prevent D. promote
Question 61: Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for
agriculture.
A. limitation B. contamination C. fertilizer D. variety
Question 62: Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.
A. organization B. contamination C. pollution D. maintenance
Question 63: In 2013, a starving three-month-old tiger cub was brought to a rehabilitation center in the Russian
Far East.
A. hungry B. thirsty C. full D. exhausted
Question 64: Many endangered species are moving closer and closer to extinction, and we are losing our precious
places.
A. valuable B. worthless C. invaluable D. priceless
Question 65: Aquatic species’ habitat has been seriously broken by dams and changes in direction of water
currents.
A. growing watery B. drinking water C. happening in water D. relating to land
Question 66: Turtle enclosures save baby turtles from natural predators like birds, crabs, and lizards.
A. survivors B. hunters C. savers D. protectors
Question 67: Dinosaurs were unable to survive severe ice age weather conditions.
A. harsh B. separate C. safe D. serious
Question 68: Animals should be helped to survive in the wild, rather than kept in captivity.
A. in the residence B. in the neighborhood
C. in their natural environments D. in the seizure
Question 69: Cutting down trees or hunting wild animals may upset the ecological balance of an area.
A. affect B. maintain C. comfort D. disturb
Question 70: Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised to save endangered species from
its extinction.
A. established B. collapsed C. delayed D. decreased
Exercise 6: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 71 to 75.
Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in (71) ____. Many species of animals are
threatened, and could easily become (72) ____if we do not make an effort to protect them. In some cases, animals
are hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies. Some birds, such as parrots, are caught (73)
____and sold as pets. For many animals and birds the problem is that their habitat - the place where they live - is
disappearing. More land is used for farms, for houses or industry, and there are fewer open spaces than there once
were. Farmers use powerful chemicals to help them to grow better crops, but these chemicals pollute the
environment and (74) ____wildlife. The most successful animals on
earth - human beings - will soon be the only ones (75) ____unless we can solve this problem.
(Source: https://goo.gl/qiLvzC)
Question 71: A. threat B. problem C. danger D. vanishing
Question 72: A. disappeared B. vanished C. extinct D. empty
Question 73: A. life B. alive C. lively D. live
Question 74: A. spoil B. wound C. wrong D. harm
Question 75: A. left B. alone C. staying D. survive

Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 76 to 83.
The blue whale is the largest animal ever known to have existed. During the 20 th century, the species was
almost exterminated due to commercial whaling. The species has slowly recovered following the global whaling
ban but it remains endangered and faces a number of serious threats including ship strikes and the impact of
climate change.
Blue whales are simply enormous with most ranging in length from 24 - 30 m. The largest ever recorded was a
gargantuan 33.5 m long. Females are up to 10 m longer than males. And they can weigh up to 200 tonnes. Just to
put that in perspective: an adult male African elephant weighs 6 tonnes. The blue whale's heart is the size of a
small car and its beat can be detected two miles away. But that's nothing compared to their calls. Blue whales are
the loudest animals on earth and their calls are louder than a jet engine: reaching 188 decibels, while a jet's engine
hit "just" 140 decibels. Apart from their gigantic size, blue whales can be identified by their relatively small dorsal
fin, a fairly rounded rostrum [anterior part of the skull], and approximately 90 ventral grooves, which reach the
navel. They also have row of 300 - 400 baleen plates on each side of the mouth, which are black in color and range
in length from 50 cm in front to 100 cm in back.
Blue whales mostly travel alone or in groups of 2 - 3. Larger groups of up to 60 whales have been reported and
are probably associated with feeding grounds. However, the blue whale has the most powerful voice in the animal
kingdom and its low-frequency sounds can travel in deep water over hundreds, or even thousands of miles. Under
these circumstances, animals which may appear to us to be traveling alone may actually be in constant contact with
one another.
At birth, a blue whale calf is the largest baby on earth: approximately 8m long and weighing about 4 tonnes.
They grow at a rate of 90 kg per day and wean after 7-8 months, once they have reached about 15 m in length, and
are able to follow the normal migration pattern alone. They reach sexual maturity at 5 - 10 years. This growth rate
is astonishing and is probably the fastest in the animal kingdom. From conception to weaning, it represents a
several billion-fold increase in tissue in just over a year and a half. Like other baleen whales, the blue whale has no
teeth so it is hard to tell its age but scientists believe they live until at least 50.
Like other large whales, blue whales are threatened by chemical and sound pollution, habitat loss, overfishing
of krill, ship strikes and becoming entangled in fishing gear. Climate change could also have a major impact on its
food supply, since global warming and associated ocean acidification may impact krill populations. In addition,
frontal zones - critical whale habitats - are projected to move further south due to climate change. Frontal zones are
boundaries between different water masses, where water can rise from the depths, bringing with it large amounts
of nutrients that stimulate the growth of phytoplankton and support substantial populations of prey species for
whales. Blue whales would have to migrate further (perhaps 200 - 500 km more) to reach and feed at these food-
rich areas where they build up reserves to sustain themselves for the rest of the year. These longer migration paths
could increase the energy costs of migration and reduce the duration of the main feeding season. As frontal zones
move southward, they also move closer together, reducing the overall area of foraging habitat available.
(Source: http://wwf.panda.org/)
Question 76: What is the purpose of the author in the passage?
A. To provide basic information about the blue whale and its major threats.
B. To prove that the blue whale is the biggest mammal on the Earth.
C. To give evidence of how the blue whale changes the habit and feeding grounds.
D. To raise people's awareness of the extinction of the blue whale.
Question 77: Which of the following is NOT correct about the blue whale's physical description?
A. It is very easy to discover the appearance of a blue whale via its heart beat.
B. Male blue whales are the longest in their species.
C. The calls of the blue whale are louder than those of any animals on the Earth.
D. A small dorsal fin is also the identity of the blue whale.
Question 78: According to the passage, why isn’t a blue whale lonely when it travels alone?
A. Because most of other blue whales also travel alone.
B. Because it can contact with others through their powerful voice.
C. Because it shares the same feeding grounds with others.
D. Because other blue whales will appear when it reaches the destination.
Question 79: What does the word "wean” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. stop feeding a calf with its mother's milk B. stop growing as fast as before
C. begin living independently D. begin trying to find food
Question 80: The word "entangled” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. endangered B. disappeared C. ensnared D. attracted
Question 81: What does the word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. the depth B. water C. water mass D. climate change
Question 82: According to the last paragraph, how does climate change affect the blue whale?
A. It increases the acidity in the ocean, which makes the water polluted.
B. It impacts on the tide which contains a lot of nutrients to feed the blue whale's prey.
C. It makes the blue whale travel farther south to find feeding grounds.
D. It encourages frontal zones so that the blue whale cannot move around.
Question 83: It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A. Human activities are one of the primary reasons for the decline of the blue whale's population.
B. The blue whale is the animal that has the longest life expectancy.
C. Despite being the largest animals, blue whales are the most vulnerable on the Earth.
D. The blue whale lives safely in the ocean thanks to their solidarity.
 PRESERVATION
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. environment B. ecology C. sustainable D. beneficial
Question 2: A. ecotourism B. eliminate C. preservative D. variety
Question 3: A. damage B. pollute C. defense D. erode
Question 4: A. medical B. pollutant C. imprison D. protective
Question 5: A. conserve B. disease C. wildlife D. expand

Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 6: A. conservation B. preservation C. combustion D. erosion
Question 7: A. medicine B. protect C. species D. develop
Question 8: A. variety B. pattern C. adapt D. back
Question 9: A. pollution B. coral C. problem D. ecology
Question 10: A. nature B. manage C. balance D. campfire

Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 11: Environmentalists are furious with the American Government for delaying measures which will
reduce greenhouse gas ____.
A. exhaust fumes B. smokes C. wastes D. emissions
Question 12: The government is introducing strict new rules on the dumping of ____by industry.
A. pesticides B. exhaust fumes C. toxic waste D. emissions
Question 13: If government don’t ____global warming, more natural disasters will occur.
A. achieve B. promote C. discourage D. prevent
Question 14: Environmental groups are putting ____on governments to take actions to reduce the amount of
carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problems at its source.
A. force B. pressure C. persuasion D. encouragement
Question 15: Some scientists, ____, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into
the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results.
A. but B. although C. despite D. however
Question 16: The plants of a community are the producers: they use carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen to ____their
tissues using energy in the form of sunlight.
A. build up B. turn up C. put up D. hold up
Question 17: We should educate people to be fully aware of danger and join hands to ____endangered species
from becoming extinct.
A. protect B. ban C. escape D. rescue
Question 18: The ____ of biological diversity is being promoted by millions of supporters worldwide.
A. preservative B. preservation C. preserve D. preserved
Question 19: When people can understand clearly the ____impacts, they will be more aware of conserving forests.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentalist D. environmentally
Question 20: In the ____agriculture, farmers try to limit the use of chemicals and fertilizers.
A. sustainable B. conserving C. preserving D. supporting
Question 21: Global warming is damaging the environment and the governments are trying to ____this warming.
A. fight B. cut down C. reduce D. eliminate
Question 22: Excessive logging of forests in the past century has resulted in ____.
A. which it is known as deforestation B. knowing this as deforestation
C. what becomes known as deforestation D. that is known as deforestation
Question 23: Nature is a great ____of useful materials.
A. produce B. producer C. productivity D. product
Question 24: The council wants to ____the character of the city while reconstructing the Old Quarter.
A. preserve B. store C. defense D. abandon
Question 25: In Singapore, people try to ____80% of all waste.
A. reprocess B. reclaim C. recycle D. reuse
Question 26: We need to act quickly to ____to climate change, or it will be a disaster for the whole planet.
A. adapt B. go back C. reverse D. transit
Question 27: The city council is discussing a detailed ____plan to maintain clean beaches and parks.
A. activity B. action C. measure D. approach
Question 28: To ____green is to practice simple green lifestyles, which helps save the planet for further
generation.
A. go B. act C. make D. get
Question 29: It is advisable that people start using ____products.
A. environment-friendly B. friend-of-environment
C. friendly to environment D. friendly environmentally
Question 30: People should ____a green lifestyle to help conserve the natural resources.
A. adapt B. adjust C. adopt D. adjoin
Question 31: Environmentalists are worried that our natural resources will __if we don't take initiative to go green.
A. run B. deplete C. deprive D. end
Question 32: People should use bicycles instead of motorbikes ___it will help reduce exhaust fumes and pollution.
A. unless B. although C. since D. while
Question 33: We reuse bags, old clothing and scrap paper at home ____we can reduce waste.
A. lest B. in order to C. for fear of D. so that
Question 34: The local university has recently ____to students several ways to go green, which has had huge
impact on the community.
A. introduced B. enacted C. passed D. Enforced
Question 35: Sometimes people just focus on the ____benefits without thinking of the environmental risks of
certain economic activities.
A. long-term B. short-lived C. immediate D. potential
Question 36: The raw sewage needs to be ____treated.
A. chemically B. chemical C. chemist D. chemistry
Question 37: There are more than 20 ____working on the water treatment project.
A. researches B. researcher C. researchers D. research
Question 38: Many people ____that natural resources will never be used up.
A. view B. consider C. believe D. regard
Question 39: Conservation is the protection of the ____environment.
A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturalize
Question 40: The Nature Serve Network empowers people to sustain ____by making sure everyone has access to
the knowledge of our shared lands and waters.
A. diverse B. biodiverse C. diversification D. biodiversity

Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 41: Moral justification has been extended by a movement called "deep ecology”, the members of which
rank the biosphere higher than people because the continuation of life depends on this larger perspective.
A. event B. view C. ideal D. truth
Question 42: A sustainable forest is a forest where trees that are cut are replanted and the wildlife is protected.
A. pre-tested B. preserved C. reserved D. protested
Question 43: I am very much interested in learning more about ecotourism and its benefits.
A. problems B. advantages C. dangers D. issues
Question 44: Ecotourism means travel to areas of natural or ecological interest to observe wildlife and learn about
the environment.
A. look at B. look up C. look into D. look down
Question 45: Conservation conflicts arise when natural-resource shortages develop in the face of steadily
increasing demands from a growing human population.
A. stand up B. sit up C. get up D. spring up
Question 46: We are facing severe environmental pollution despite the fact that many world organizations are
working hard to reduce it.
A. heavy B. destructive C. harmful D. serious
Question 47: Stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and build a future in which humans live in
harmony with nature.
A. coexist peacefully with B. fall in love with C. agree with D. cooperate with
Question 48: WWF was set up in 1961 and had its operations in areas such as the preservation of biological
diversity.
A. difference B. abundance C. variety D. plenty

Question 49: Some of WWF's missions are: conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring the use of
renewable natural resources, and promoting the reduction of pollution.
 A. jobs B. careers C. tasks D. actions
Question 50: One of the main aims of this organization is the sustainable use of natural resources.
A. maintainable B. forgettable C. visible D. vegetable
Question 51: For environmental safety, we need to find ways to reduce emission of fumes and smoke of factories.
A. leak B. release C. poison D. pollutant
Question 52: After years of starts, the shift to clean power has begun to accelerate at a pace that has taken the
most experienced experts by surprise.
A. change B. exchange C. convert D. transfer
Question 53: Renewable sources of energy should be used since natural resources are being exploited at an
alarming rate.
A. rapid B. slow C. worried D. tiring
Question 54: Some citizens believe that protecting the environment is the responsibility of the government and
organizations; therefore, they don't have to take any actions.
A. obligation B. mission C. volunteer D. service
Question 55: We should focus on the conservation of vulnerable species at risk of disappearing.
A. concentrate on B. rely on C. believe in D. depend on

Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 56: One way to protect our environment from pollution is to reduce wasteful consumption.
A. costly B. excessive C. safe D. economical
Question 57: If you follow at least one of the tips, you can be proud of taking part in the preservation of water,
one of the very important and limited natural resources on earth.
A. self-confident B. self-satisfied C. discontented D. unpleasant
Question 58: For the sake of environment and for the people who live in it, we must eliminate pollution
immediately.
A. remove B. conserve C. process D. possess
Question 59: An aesthetic justification contends that biodiversity contributes to the quality of life because many
of the endangered plants and animals are particularly appreciated for their unique physical beauty.
A. argues B. encounters C. abandons D. disputes
Question 60: Scientists are experimenting on ways to dispose of waste safely.
A. get rid of B. put aside C. deal with D. get used to
Question 61: The shift has come as increased government efforts to curb climate change and smog have driven
down costs and spurred technical advances, creating a green energy industry that looks nothing like it did a decade
ago: expensive and sluggish.
A. inactive B. developed C. promising D. ineffective
Question 62: People know that categorizing trash helps to recycle waste and protect the environment, but they are
not willing to do it.
A. reluctant B. hesitant C. ready D. pleasant
Question 63: As the government initiated a program to improve the water quality of the Nhieu Loc Canal years
ago, it doesn’t stink any more.
A. completed B. launched C. commenced D. stroke
Question 64: Today, illegal hunting still threatens many species, especially large mammals such as tigers,
rhinoceros, bears and even primates.
A. allowed by law B. forbidden by law C. introducing a law D. imposing a law
Question 65: Let’s clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin.
A. mess up B. clear away C. tidy D. clear off
Question 66: Recycling and disposal of wastes require sizable expenditure. In such situations, industries preferred
to export their wastes to other countries.
A. considerable B. plentiful C. trivial D. minimum
Question 67: The United Nations has declared the celebration of the International Day of Ecotourism, to promote
sustainable practices in this growing industry.
A. favor B. raise C. boost D. delay
Question 68: All visitors are kept out of the conservation area.
A. prevented from entering B. prevented from destroying
C. allowed to enter D. allowed to take photos

Question 69: It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing.
A. keep secret B. find C. share D. arrive at
Question 70: In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in.
A. participate B. ignore C. take part D. enjoy

Exercise 6: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 71 to 78.
Deforestation is the clearing, destroying, or otherwise removal of trees through deliberate, natural or accidental
means. It can occur in any area densely populated by trees and other plant life, but the majority of it is currently
happening in the Amazon rainforest. The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change,
desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of
problems for indigenous people.
Deforestation occurs for a number of reasons, including: farming, mostly cattle due to its quick turn around;
and logging for materials and development. It has been happening for thousands of years, arguably since man
began converting from hunter/gatherer to agricultural based societies, and required larger, unobstructed tracks of
land to accommodate cattle, crops, and housing. It was only after the onset of the modern era that it became an
epidemic.
One of the most dangerous and unsettling effects of deforestation is the loss of animal and plant species due to
their loss of habitat; not only do we lose those known to us, but also those unknown, potentially an even greater
loss. Seventy percent of Earth's land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive the deforestation
that destroys their homes. The trees of the rainforest that provide shelter for some species also provide the canopy
that regulates the temperature, a necessity for many others. Its removal through deforestation would allow a more
drastic temperature variation from day to night, much like a desert, which could prove fatal for current inhabitants.
In addition to the loss of habitat, the lack of trees also allows a greater amount of greenhouse gases to be
released into the atmosphere. Presently, the tropical rainforests of South America are responsible for 20% of
Earth's oxygen and they are disappearing at a rate of 4 hectares a decade. If these rates are not stopped and
reversed, the consequences will become even more severe.
The trees also help control the level of water in the atmosphere by helping to regulate the water cycle. With
fewer trees left, due to deforestation, there is less water in the air to be returned to the soil. In turn, this causes
dryer soil and the inability to grow crops, an ironic twist when considered against the fact that 80% of
deforestation comes from small-scale agriculture and cattle ranching.
Further effects of deforestation include soil erosion and coastal flooding. In addition to their previously
mentioned roles, trees also function to retain water and topsoil, which provides the rich nutrients to sustain
additional forest life. Without them, the soil erodes and washes away, causing farmers to move on and perpetuate
the cycle. The barren land which is left behind in the wake of these unsustainable agricultural practices is then
more susceptible to flooding, specifically in coastal regions. Coastal vegetation lessens the impact of waves and
winds associated with a storm surge. Without this vegetation, coastal villages are susceptible to damaging floods.
Question 71: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The definition of deforestation. B. The negative impacts of deforestation.
C. The reasons why deforestation occurs frequently.
D. The effective solutions to solve the deforestation all over the world.
Question 72: The word "indigenous" in the first paragraph probably means
A. foreign B. agrarian C. native D. mountainous
Question 73: Which of the following is NOT stated as the reason of deforestation in paragraph 2?
A. cutting trees for wood B. ranching cattle C. cultivating D. hunting for food.
Question 74: What does the word "others” in the third paragraph refer?
A. canopy B. species C. rainforest D. trees
Question 75: The following are negative effects of deforestation, EXCEPT ____.
A. Myriad flora and fauna species have been eradicated before we discover them.
B. The alteration of temperature in a complete day is becoming more radical due to the loss of trees.
C. The soil is infertile to grow crops because of the shortage of rain and erosion.
D. More and more animals have to find a place of refuge under the canopy of leaves.
Question 76: The word "perpetuate" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A. maintain B. stop C. prevent D. start
Question 77: Coastal regions are mentioned in the last paragraph as an example of regions that
A. are easy to be vulnerable in a storm surge. B. are left behind because of the reduction of forests.
C. are not much influenced by flood. D. often experience droughts or erosion.
Question 78: The paragraph following the last paragraph in the passage may probably discuss .
A. a number of disadvantages that deforestation puts local people at.
B. some drastic measures that should be taken to deal with deforestation.
C. the reality of deforestation in some specific countries. D. some scientists’ perspectives about deforestation.
Topic VOLUNTEER WORK
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. disrespectful B. independent C. physically D. understanding
Question 2: A. dedicate B. fortunate C. practical D. volunteer
Question 3: A. disadvantaged B. environment C. advertisement D. unfortunate
Question 4: A. donate B. impair C. mental D. support
Question 5: A. community B. energetic C. enthusiast D. participate

Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 6: A. handicapped B. donated C. launched D. researched
Question 7: A. angry B. needy C. supply D. country
Question 8: A. charity B. school C. childless D. teacher
Question 9: A. hungry B. community C. mutual D. student
Question 10: A. deafening B. frightening C. defending D. threatening

Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 11: They were so excited about joining the local ____group that they couldn't sleep last night.
A. volunteer B. voluntary C. voluntarily D. volunteerism
Question 12: English teaching is considered a good example of a volunteer job which often turns ____a career.
A. off B. up C. on D. into
Question 13: A/an ____is a person who needs others to take care of him/her because of illness that he/she had for a
long time.
A. patient B. martyr C. invalid D. addict
Question 14: Mr. Chen is more ____because he has finally agreed to allow his daughter to join an overseas
volunteer organization in Africa.
A. single-minded B. narrow-minded C. absent-minded D. open-minded
Question 15: A lot of generous businessmen have ____valuable contributions to helping needy people.
A. done B. taken C. made D. given
Question 16: Volunteer organizations are generally small-staffed, so they need to ____lots of volunteers for a huge
event.
A. employ B. recruit C. research D. catch
Question 17: You'd better ____a commitment to being a volunteer on a regular basis.
A. promise B. do C. make D. pull
Question 18: They visit a retirement home and ____time doing fun activities with the elderly who lack immediate
family.
A. spend B. lose C. waste D. consume
Question 19: Both community ____and volunteerism are an investment in our community and the people who
live in it.
A. life B. language C. performance D. service
Question 20: When you get involved in a volunteer project, you are able to ____your knowledge into practice.
A. take B. put C. bring D. push
Question 21: These ____children encounter many problems and really need our help.
A. disadvantaged B. advantaged C. disadvantage D. advantage
Question 22: Volunteers can work with many ____children who were harmed by Agent Orange in childcare
centres.
A. parentless B. disabled C. poor D. homeless
Question 23: Many international volunteer organizations are trying to find a ____to the problem of world hunger.
A. way B. method C. suggestion D. solution
Question 24: Contact is ____connecting students with volunteer organizations abroad.
A. in place of B. in charge of C. in case of D. in danger of
Question 25: Football superstar David Beckham has a huge ____for kids in need.
A. head B. strength C. memory D. heart
Question 26: Everyone can help the needy by making a ____to a charity organization.
A. donate B. donation C. donor D. donating
Question 27: ____believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to
others.
A. Voluntary B. Voluntarily C. Volunteer D. Volunteers
Question 28: During summer holidays, university students are willing to take part in providing education for
children in remote and ____areas.
A. mountain B. mountainous C. mountaineer D. mountaineering
Question 29: The lottery winner was willing to ____a considerable sum of money to charity to help those in need.
A. give away B. give in C. give back D. give up
Question 30: The volunteer team ____students with various visual, hearing, physical and cognitive impairments
every two months to give them both financial and spiritual support.
A. call back B. call off C. call on D. call out
Question 31: If one wants to take part in volunteer organizations such as Green Summer Camp, Green Saturday
Movement, Blood Donor..., he/she will have to
an application form.
A. fill in B. find out C. log on D. send off
Question 32: After the visit to that special school, we ____friends with some students with reading disabilities.
A. acquainted B. had C. made D. realized
Question 33: Elderly housebound patients are often those most in ____of pharmacy services.
A. case B. need C. time D. trouble
Question 34: The Youth Union in our school has decided to launch a/an ____to raise funds for local charities.
A. activity B. announcement C. campaign D. decision
Question 35: ASL (American Sign Language), a language that is expressed through the hands and face and is
perceived through the eyes, is every useful for the ____.
A. blind B. mentally disabled C. dumb D. mentally retarded
Question 36: ____children get sick four times as often as children in permanent homes and also suffer from
anxiety and depression at a higher rate than stably housed children.
A. Ill-educated B. Homeless C. Homely D. Weak
Question 37: Talented students with a disability should be helped to become independent, ____in the society and
achieve success at school.
A. contributed B. integrated C. involved D. socialized
Question 38: Many people who took part in the fight ____illiteracy considered it an honorable job to help others.
A. against B. back C. for D. with
Question 39: Recently, a gang of enterprising New Zealanders has introduced an incredible scheme to raise
awareness of ____and mental health issues.
A. stagnation B. depression C. disappointment D. irritation
Question 40: Joining a hand in helping your community helps you gain experience ____many fields such as
education, social work and health care.
A. in B. out C. during D. into

Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 41: Fund raising for charity is a meaningful thing for everyone to do to help the community.
A. meaningless B. significant C. important D. considerate
Question 42: Their massive salaries let them afford to give away huge amounts to charities.
A. give something to someone without asking for payment
B. lend something to someone without asking for interests
C. invest something to someone without asking for profits
D. borrow something from someone without paying back
Question 43: Thanks to everyone's efforts, we can do a great deal to make school a meaningful place for students
living in poverty.
A. many B. an amount of C. much D. a large number of
Question 44: University students are willing to get involved in helping the old and childless people.
A. interfere with B. intervene in C. participate in D. invest in
Question 45:1 got the teaching job in the Happy Child Charity Centre just by chance.
A. accidentally B. purposefully C. easily D. immediately
Question 46: Every month, the volunteer group go to remote and mountainous areas to help those in need.
A. empty B. faraway C. crowded D. poor
Question 47: Mother Teresa devoted herself to caring for the sick and the poor.
A. spent B. contributed C. gave up D. dedicated
Question 48: Our top priority is to clean and protect the environment in our neighborhood.
A. dominance B. mission C. preference D. strength
Question 49: An organization for Educational Development co-operated with our school to set up free English
classes for the poor in the area.
A. launch B. make C. establish D. discover
Question 50: Children with cognitive impairments may have difficulty in learning basic skills like reading,
writing, or problem solving.
A. have trouble with B. gain advantage over C. make arrangement for D. take advantage of
Question 51: They give care and comfort to the disadvantaged and handicapped children and help them to get
over difficulties.
A. accept B. face C. overcome D. take
Question 52: At first, there was a lot of opposition from the parents of the disabled children as they were not
under the impression that their children could learn anything at all.
A. didn’t believe B. didn't report C. didn't declare D. didn’t support
Question 53: Every year, the United Nations set up an activity to call for world-wide support for the rights and
well-being of disabled people.
A. apply for B. ask for C. care for D. persist in
Question 54: That homeless child would have died if we hadn't been able to find a suitable blood donor.
A. giver B. maker C. taker D. sender
Question 55: The Real Life Super Hero Project is a gathering of men and women who have joined forces to better
their community.
A. deter B. improve C. boost D. increase
Question 56: Befriending can offer volunteers the opportunity to provide support and friendship to a person who
may be going through a difficult period.
A. Making friends B. Being sincere C. Being hostile D. Being solitary

Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 57: It is surprising that all the students in class 10A choose to do a project on "Helping the needy”.
A. disadvantaged B. impoverished C. privileged D. miserable
Question 58: Both CARE and Oxfam organizations have programmes to help people in underdeveloped
countries improve their lives.
A. thriving B. innovative C. developing D. uneconomic
Question 59: For a cleaner and greener community, everyone should reduce the amount of trash and take care of
our environment.
A. look after B. take after C. look out for D. wipe out
Question 60: Young people are now getting more and more concerned about environmental problems.
A. worried B. nervous C. hopeless D. ignored
Question 61: Many people who do volunteer work think they are more fortunate than others.
A. lucky B. blessed C. unlucky D. uncomfortable
Question 62: Public service announcement is a special advertisement for the community, normally about health or
safety matters.
A. Open B. Private C. Secret D. Popular
Question 63: Economically disadvantaged students often drop out of school, choosing a low-paying job to earn
money.
A. leave B. attend C. accept D. reject
Question 64: We are looking for camp helpers who are hard-working, energetic, and able to organize activities
for young children.
A. active B. dynamic C. passive D. reluctant
Question 65: Sadly, many non-disabled people have negative attitudes toward children with cognitive
impairments in developing countries.
A. helpless B. disappointing C. pessimistic D. positive
Question 66: According to WHO, many disabled people still face challenges, discrimination, poverty, and limited
access to education, employment, and healthcare.
A. controlled B. inadequate C. short D. unrestricted
Question 67: The theme of the upcoming conference is to remove barriers to create an inclusive and accessible
society for all.
A. abolish B. stick to C. get rid of D. keep
Question 68: Most of these children come from large and poor families, which prevent them from having proper
schooling.
A. convenient B. desired C. inappropriate D. useful
Question 69: He continued to fight against the ruling government which was extremely cruel.
A. structure B. struggle C. support D. discover
Question 70: After taking part in public activities in their community, they realized that they had been ignorant or
narrow-minded before.
A. open-minded B. like-minded C. strong-minded D. fair-minded

Exercise 6: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 71 to 75.
Many people enjoy lying in bed in the morning, but can you imagine having to spend 90 days in bed? Could
you stand the boredom and the frustration of not being(71) ____to get up? That was the task that faced 14
volunteers when they started out on a bed-rest experiment being conducted (72) ____the European Space Agency.
The study had a serious purpose: to investigate the changes that take place in the human body during long-
duration spaceflight. Lying in a horizontal position was the best way of (73) ____weightlessness. The aim was to
discover what effect period of weightlessness will have on the health of astronauts spending several months on the
International Space Station.
The volunteers ate their meals, took showers and underwent medical tests without ever sitting up. That's even
tougher than it sounds, especially when you (74) ____that no visitors were permitted. However, each volunteer did
have a mobile phone, as well as access to the latest films, computer games and music. Surprisingly, Everyone was
in a good (75) ____at the end of the 90 days, "I would do it again," said one of the volunteers. "It was
disorientating, but we knew we were contributing to medical research and space exploration”.
(Source: https://goo.gl/AulfwP)
Question 71: A. enabled B. allowed C. granted D. approved
Question 72: A. by B. on C. for D. about
Question 73: A. simulated B. simulate C. to simulate D. simulating
Question 74: A. reckon B. realize C. regard D. remark
Question 75: A. Attitude B. spirit C. feeling D. mood

Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 76 to 83.
Volunteering offers many social benefits, with the added bonus of helping others and developing useful skills
to put on your CV. Plus, students are in a unique position to help, suggests Tom Fox. "They can take their
enthusiasm and excitement for opportunities and share their passions, subject knowledge and experience with
people.” The idea of giving up time for nothing might seem impractical at first, especially once the pressures of
study and coursework or exams begin to mount up. However, Michelle Wright, CEO of charity support
organization Cause4, suggests seeing volunteering as a two-way street. "I think it is fine for undergraduates to
approach volunteering as a symbiotic relationship where doing good is just one part of the motivation for reaching
personal and professional goals "
Katerina Rudiger, head of skills and policy campaigns at the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development
(CIPD), says: "Volunteering can be a valuable way of gaining that experience, as well as building confidence,
broadening your horizons, becoming a better team player and developing those all-important 'employability skills'
such as communication and decision making." Amanda Haig, graduate HR manager, agrees that volunteering can
help your employment prospects. "Volunteering can demonstrate positive personality traits and skill sets, such as
proactivity, and teamwork," she says.
A positive side-effect of volunteering is improving your time at university by getting involved in the local
community. Leaving the student bubble can make your time as an undergraduate much more varied. At Bath Spa
University, more than 1,000 students volunteered over the past year, doing everything from working on local
environmental projects to helping in schools or assisting the elderly. "Quite often there can be a divide between
students and permanent residents,” says students' union president Amy Dawson, "but if students invest a little time
now, they will be giving something back to the local community and will reap the benefits in the future."
"You might also find that volunteering helps your studies if you choose the right program. At Lancaster,
volunteering is linked into academic modules in some cases", explains Fox. "This has multiple wins. Students get
to apply their learning in the classroom and share their interests with children in local schools or community
organizations, while schools gain skilled students with a passion for a subject that enthuses their pupils."
(Adapted from https://www.independent.co.uk/student)
Question 76: What is the most suitable title for this reading?
A. Volunteering at university B. Volunteering helps employment prospects
C. Students should take part in extracurricular activities to put it on CV
D. The virtues of volunteering
Question 77: Which of the following information is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1?
 A. Many social benefits are provided by volunteering.
B. Students are likely to be enthusiastic for chances and share their interests with people.
C. Volunteering increases the pressures of study and coursework or exam.
D. Michelle Wright recommends seeing volunteering as a two-way street.
Question 78: What is inferred from Michelle Wright's opinion about volunteering?
A. It helps to build confidence and broaden the horizons.
B. It is a part of the motivation for reaching personal and professional goals.
C. It helps to demonstrate positive personality traits and skill sets, such as proactivity, and teamwork.
D. It helps students to take their enthusiasm and excitement for opportunities and share their passions.
Question 79: The word "gaining" in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ____.
A. getting B. making C. lacking D. taking
Question 80: Personality traits and skill sets include ____.
A. communication and decision-making B. proactivity and collaboration
C. proactivity and confidence D. passions, subject knowledge and experience
Question 81: What does the word "side-effect" mean?
A. additional result that you did not expect or want B. an extra good result
C. another side of a street D. a two-way street
Question 82: What does the word "they" refer to in paragraph 3?
A. projects B. residents C. students D. benefits
Question 83: Which of the following most accurately reflects Fox's explanation in the last paragraph?
A. Students at universities must join at least one activity in volunteer campaign at local schools.
B. Students at universities should join as many activities in volunteer campaign at local schools as possible.
C. Students at universities who join volunteer work will gain a lot of purposes for the community only.
D. Students at universities who join volunteer work will gain a lot of purposes for not only themselves but
also the community.
.