Please write clearly in block capitals.

SY number

teacher name:

A Level
CHEMISTRY
May Exam 2023 (Year 12 )

Time allowed: 2 hours

Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert (enclosed)
• a ruler with millimetre measurements Question Mark
• a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate. 1
2
Instructions
3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
• Answer all questions. 5
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside 6
the box around each page or on blank pages.
7
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 8
• All working must be shown. 9
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not
10
want to be marked.
11
Information 12
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets. Section B
• The maximum mark for this paper is 100.
TOTAL
Advice
You are advised to spend about 100 minutes on Section A and 20 minutes on Section B.

*JUN227404101*
IB/M/Jun22/E7
 Do not write
outside the
Section A box

Answer all questions in this section.

0 1 This question is about ionisation energies of Group 2 elements.

0 1 . 1 Explain why the first ionisation energy of the Group 2 elements decreases down the
group.
[2 marks]

0 1 . 2 Give an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when
the third ionisation energy of magnesium is measured.
[1 mark]

0 1 . 3 Explain why the third ionisation energy of magnesium is much higher than the
second ionisation energy of magnesium.
[2 marks]

*02*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
0 2 This question is about acid–base titrations. box

Citric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide.

C6H8O7(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) → Na3C6H5O7(aq) + 3 H2O(l)

0 2 . 1 A student makes a solution of citric acid by dissolving some solid citric acid in water.

The student dissolves 0.834 g of citric acid in water and makes the solution up to
500 cm3

Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of citric acid in this solution.

[3 marks]

Concentration mol dm–3

Turn over ►

*03*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
0 2 . 2 Table 1 shows the student’s burette readings after the mistakes in the practical box

procedure have been corrected.

Table 1

Rough Run 1 Run 2 Run 3

Final reading / cm3 23.65 22.95 46.05 26.30

Start reading / cm3 0.00 0.00 22.95 3.40

Titre / cm3 23.65

Complete Table 1.

Use the data in Table 1 to calculate the mean titre.

[2 marks]

Mean titre cm3

0 2 . 3 The total uncertainty in the use of the burette is ±0.15 cm3

Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the use of the burette in Run 1.

[1 mark]

6
Percentage uncertainty

*06*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
0 3 This question is about shapes of molecules. box

Complete Table 2 by drawing the shapes of both the AsF5 and KrF2 molecules,
showing all lone pairs of electrons that influence the shape.

Deduce the bond angle(s) in AsF5

[3 marks]

Table 2

AsF5 KrF2

Diagram of shape

Bond angle(s) 3

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

*07*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
0 4 This question is about intermolecular forces. box

0 4 . 1 Complete the diagram to show how one molecule of ammonia can form a
hydrogen bond with one molecule of ethanol.
Include all lone pairs of electrons and partial charges on atoms involved in the
hydrogen bond.
[3 marks]

Table 3 shows the electronegativity values of atoms of some elements.

Table 3

Atom H C N O Br
Electronegativity 2.1 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.8

0 4 . 2 Define the term electronegativity.

[1 mark]

0 4 . 3 Deduce the two atoms from Table 3 that will form the most polar bond.
[1 mark]

*08*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
0 4 . 4 The C–Br bond is polar. box

Explain why CBr4 is not a polar molecule.

[2 marks]

0 4 . 5 Suggest, in terms of the intermolecular forces for each compound, why CBr4 has a
higher boiling point than CHBr3
[3 marks]

10

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

*09*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
0 5 A sample of antimony is analysed in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer box

and is found to contain two isotopes,121Sb and 123Sb

After electron impact ionisation, all of the ions are accelerated to the same
kinetic energy (KE) and then travel through a flight tube that is 1.05 m long.
A 121Sb+ ion takes 5.93 × 10–4 s to travel through the flight tube.
1
The kinetic energy of an ion is given by the equation KE = mv2
2

KE = kinetic energy / J
m = mass / kg
v = speed / m s–1

Calculate the mass, in kg, of one 121Sb+ ion.

Calculate the time taken for a 123Sb+ ion to travel through the same flight tube.

The Avogadro constant, L = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1

[5 marks]

Mass of one 121Sb+ ion kg

Time taken by a 123Sb+ ion s 5

*10*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
0 6 Iodide ions can be oxidised to iodine using oxidising agents such as box

iodate(V) ions (IO3–) and concentrated sulfuric acid.

0 6 . 1 State, in terms of electrons, the meaning of the term oxidising agent.

[1 mark]

In acidic solution, IO3– ions oxidise iodide ions to iodine.

IO3– + 5 I– + 6 H+ → 3 I2 + 3 H2O

0 6 . 2 Give a half-equation for the oxidation of iodide ions to iodine.

Deduce the half-equation to show the reduction process in this reaction.

[2 marks]

Oxidation half-equation

Reduction half-equation

0 6 . 3 When iodide ions are oxidised using concentrated sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, a
yellow solid and a foul-smelling gas are all formed.

Give an equation to show the reaction between iodide ions and

concentrated sulfuric acid to form the yellow solid.

Identify the foul-smelling gas.

[2 marks]

Equation

Identity of foul-smelling gas 5

Turn over ►

*11*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
0 7 A student does two test-tube reactions on four colourless solutions (A, B, C and D). box

Table 4 shows the student’s observations.

Table 4

Solution Test 1 Test 2

Add Na2CO3(s) Add acidified AgNO3(aq)

A Effervescence No visible change

B Effervescence White precipitate

C No visible change No visible change

D No visible change Very pale yellow precipitate

0 7 . 1 Identify the gas formed in Test 1.

Identity of gas [1 mark]

0 7 . 2 Explain how the observations from Test 1 and Test 2 can be used to show that
solution B contains hydrochloric acid.
[2 marks]

*16*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
0 7 . 3 Describe a series of tests that the student can use to show that solution C contains box

ammonium sulfate.
[4 marks]

0 7 . 4 The student does an additional experiment to show that solution D contains

a mixture of halide ions. One of the halide ions is chloride.

Method:

Step 1 Add an excess of AgNO3(aq) to 10.0 cm3 of solution D.

Step 2 Filter, wash, dry and weigh the precipitate.
Step 3 Add an excess of dilute ammonia to the dry precipitate.
Step 4 Filter, wash, dry and weigh the solid that remains.

Explain how the masses recorded during this experiment can be used to show that
solution D contains a mixture of halide ions.
[2 marks]

Turn over ►

*17*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
box

0 8 This question is about rates of reaction.

Potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4, reacts with sodium ethanedioate, Na2C2O4, in the

presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

2 MnO4–(aq) + 16 H+(aq) + 5 C2O42–(aq) → 2 Mn2+(aq) + 8 H2O(l) + 10 CO2(g)

The reaction mixture is purple at the start and goes colourless when all the
MnO4–(aq) ions have reacted.

1000
The rate of reaction can be measured as where t = the time taken for the mixture
t
to go colourless.

A student investigated how long it takes for this reaction mixture to go colourless at
different temperatures. The same concentrations and volumes of each reagent were
used in an experiment at each temperature. Table 1 shows the results.

Table 1

Temperature / C 32 38 44 54 67
Time t / s 155 85 50 22 9

1000
6.45 11.8 20.0 45.5
t

0 8 . 1 Complete Table 1.
[1 mark]

0 8 . 2 State the independent variable in this investigation.

[1 mark]

0 8 . 3 The student noticed that the temperature of each reaction mixture decreased during
each experiment.

Suggest how the student calculated the temperature values in Table 1.

[1 mark]

*02*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1000 box
0 8 . 4 Use the data in Table 1 to plot a graph of against temperature.
t
[3 marks]

0 8 . 5 Use your graph in Question 08.4 to find the time taken for the mixture to go
colourless at 60 °C
Show your working.
[1 mark]

Time t s

Turn over ►

*03*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
0 8 . 6 The investigation shows that increasing the temperature causes the rate of reaction to box

increase.

Explain why a small increase in temperature causes a large increase in the rate of
reaction.
[2 marks]

*04*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
0 9 This question is about isomers. box

Hex-2-ene has the molecular formula C6H12

0 9 . 1 Draw the displayed formula of a position isomer of hex-2-ene that exists as

E and Z isomers.
[1 mark]

0 9 . 2 Several saturated halogenoalkanes contain 17.8% carbon, 3.0% hydrogen and

79.2% bromine by mass.

Calculate the empirical formula of these compounds.

Give the IUPAC names of two saturated halogenoalkanes that have this empirical
formula.
[4 marks]

Empirical formula

Names of halogenoalkanes

*08*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 0 This question is about gas volumes. box

1 00 . 1 TNT (C7H5N3O6) is an explosive because it can decompose very quickly and

exothermically to form a large volume of gas. An equation for this decomposition is

2 C7H5N3O6(s) → 3 N2(g) + 5 H2(g) + 12 CO(g) + 2 C(s)

Calculate the volume of gas, in m3, measured at 1250 °C and 101 000 Pa, produced
by the decomposition of 1.00 kg of TNT (Mr = 227.0).

The gas constant, R = 8.31 J mol–1 K–1

[5 marks]

Volume of gas m3

*10*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 0 . 2 Alkenes have the general formula CnH2n box

When alkenes undergo complete combustion, 1.0 mol of CnH2n reacts

3n
with mol of oxygen.
2

Calculate the volume of oxygen needed for the complete combustion

of 200 cm3 of but-1-ene.

The volumes of all gases are measured at the same temperature and pressure.
[1 mark]

Volume of oxygen cm3

1 0 . 3 Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2

Alkanes undergo complete combustion in a plentiful supply of oxygen.

CnH2n+2 + x O2 → n CO2 + (n+1) H2O

Determine x in terms of n
[1 mark]

x 7

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

*11*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 1 Trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F) was developed as a refrigerant. The production and box

use of CCl3F is now restricted.

1 1 . 1 The equation for a process used to manufacture CCl3F is

SbF3Br2 + CCl4 → CCl3F + SbF2Br2Cl

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the production of CCl3F in this reaction.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
[2 marks]

Percentage atom economy

An alternative synthesis of CCl3F is the free-radical substitution reaction between

fluoromethane (CH3F) and chlorine.

1 1 . 2 An intermediate in this alternative synthesis is dichlorofluoromethane (CHCl2F)

Give equations to represent the two propagation steps in the conversion of

CHCl2F into CCl3F
[2 marks]

Propagation step 1

Propagation step 2

*14*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 1 . 3 Analysis of the products of this reaction shows the formation of a compound with the box

empirical formula CCl2F

Give an equation to represent a termination step forming this compound.

Show the structural formula of the product in the equation.
[1 mark]

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

*15*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 2 In Europe, some of the glucose from crops is fermented to produce ethanol. box

Use of a carbon-neutral fuel leads to no net emissions of carbon dioxide to the

atmosphere.

1 2 . 1 The ethanol produced by fermentation of glucose may be regarded as a

carbon-neutral fuel.

Justify this statement. Include the relevant chemical equations in your answer.
[4 marks]

Coffee beans from South America are exported to Europe in an outer layer called
silverskin.

The waste silverskin can be fermented to produce a solution containing propanone,

ethanol and butan-1-ol.

1 2 . 2 Suggest why ethanol produced in Europe using silverskin from South America is less
likely to be carbon-neutral than ethanol produced from crops grown in Europe.
[1 mark]

*16*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 2 . 3 Table 2 shows the enthalpies of combustion of the three fuels from the fermentation box

of silverskin.

Table 2

Standard enthalpy of Energy released per mole

Fuel
combustion / kJ mol–1 of CO2 produced / kJ

ethanol, C2H5OH(l) –1371

butan-1-ol, C4H9OH(l) –2673
propanone, C3H6O(l) –1786

One way to measure a fuel’s environmental impact is to measure the amount of

energy released per mole of CO2 produced.

Complete Table 2.

Use your answers to deduce the fuel with the lowest environmental impact by this
measure.
[2 marks]

Question 12 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*17*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 2 . 4 A student investigated the combustion of propanone (C3H6O) using calorimetry. box

A copper calorimeter containing water was heated by the complete combustion of

some propanone. The student did not record the final temperature of the water.

Table 3 shows the student’s results.

Table 3

Mass of propanone burned / g 1.18

Mass of water / g 260

Initial temperature of water / °C 22.3

Final temperature of water / °C Not recorded

Use the results in Table 3 to calculate a value for final temperature of the water in the
experiment.

Assume that no heat was lost in the experiment and that the heat capacity of the
calorimeter is negligible.

For propanone, enthalpy of combustion = –1786 kJ mol−1

For water, specific heat capacity = 4.18 J g−1 K−1

[4 marks]

Final temperature of water °C

*18*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 2 . 5 Butan-1-ol can be added to petrol for cars. box

An equation for the complete combustion of gaseous butan-1-ol is shown.

C4H9OH(g) + 6 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 5 H2O(g) ΔH = –2504 kJ mol–1

Table 4 shows some mean bond enthalpy data.

Table 4

Bond C=O C–H C–O O–H O=O

Mean bond enthalpy / kJ mol−1 805 412 360 463 496

Use these data to calculate a value for the mean C–C bond enthalpy in
gaseous butan-1-ol.
[3 marks]

C–C bond enthalpy kJ mol–1

Question 12 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*19*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
Butan-1-ol can be manufactured by reacting steam with but-1-ene in the presence of box

the catalyst, concentrated sulfuric acid.

In the first part of this process, but-1-ene reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to form
compounds W and X.

Butan-1-ol is then made from compound W.

1 2 . 6 Name and outline a mechanism to show the conversion of but-1-ene into

compound W in the first part of this process.
[5 marks]

Name of mechanism

Outline of mechanism

*20*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 2 . 7 There is a very low yield of butan-1-ol from but-1-ene in this manufacturing process. box

Explain why.
[2 marks]

21

Turn over for Section B

Turn over ►

*21*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 22
Do not write
outside the
Section B box

Answer all questions in this section.

Only one answer per question is allowed.

For each answer completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer.

CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS

If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.

If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select
as shown.

You may do your working in the blank space around each question but this will not be marked.
Do not use additional sheets for this working.

1 3 A polymer is formed from the monomer CH2=CHCN

[1 mark]
Which statement is not correct?

A The monomer is propanenitrile.

B The monomer is unsaturated.

C The polymer is an addition polymer.

D The polymer has the repeating unit

*22*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 23
Do not write
outside the
1 4 The diagram shows a fractionating column used in the industrial fractional distillation box

of crude oil.

Which statement is correct?

[1 mark]

A The most viscous product is fuel oil.

B The boiling point of naphtha is higher than diesel oil.

C Molecules in diesel oil are held together by hydrogen bonds.

D Kerosene is a mixture of compounds.

1 5 Which alcohol when dehydrated forms a mixture of alkenes?

[1 mark]

A propan-1-ol

B propan-2-ol

C pentan-1-ol

D pentan-2-ol

Turn over ►

*23*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
box
1 6
Which compound produces (CH3)2CHCOCH3 when oxidised?

A 2-methylpropan-1-ol
[1 mark]
B 2,2-dimethylpropanol

C 2-methylbutan-2-ol

D 3-methylbutan-2-ol

Questions 17 and 18 refer to the following reaction

When 2-bromobutane is warmed with potassium hydroxide solution, substitution and

elimination reactions both occur.

1 7 Which of these compounds is not produced?

[1 mark]

A butan-1-ol

B butan-2-ol

C but-1-ene

D E-but-2-ene

1 8 What is the role of the hydroxide ions in the elimination reaction?

[1 mark]
A base

B catalyst

C electrophile

D nucleophile

*24*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/2
 Do not write
outside the
1 9 The first six ionisation energies, in kJ mol–1, of an element are: box

1090, 2350, 4610, 6220, 37 800, 47 000

What is the element?

[1 mark]

A Boron

B Carbon

C Nitrogen

D Oxygen

2 0 Which statement about isotopes of an element is not correct? [1 mark]

A They have the same chemical properties.

They have the same number of electrons in ions of the same

B
charge.
C They have the same number of neutrons.

D They have the same number of protons.

22 1 Which block in the Periodic Table contains the element samarium (Sm)?
[1 mark]

A d block

B f block

C p block

D s block

Turn over ►

*19*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1
 Do not write
outside the
box

2 2 The equation for a reaction is

AsH3 + H+ → AsH4+

What type of interaction forms in this reaction?

[1 mark]

A Co-ordinate bond

B Dipole–dipole force

C Hydrogen bond

D Ionic bond

END OF QUESTIONS

10

*20*
IB/M/Jun22/7404/1