Prepared By:

Jesserine F. Manuel
 WHAT IS A HOSPITAL?

KINDS OF HOSPITAL

CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITAL

FUNCTIONS OF A HOSPITAL

SPATIAL REQUIRMENTS

HOSPITAL EQUIPMENTS

REFERENCES
Academic Medical Centers
Academic medical centers are frequently associated with certain medical
schools or universities. These types of facilities provide a variety of
services to meet the general healthcare requirements of their communities,
as well as specialty services, while also providing educational opportunities
Acute Hospital
to students in the healthcare industry.

Acute care is a level of health care in which a patient is treated for a brief
but severe episode of illness, for conditions that are the result of disease or
trauma, and during recovery from surgery. Acute care is generally
provided in a hospital by a variety of clinical personnel using technical
equipment, pharmaceuticals, and medical supplies.

Ambulatory Surgery Centers

ASCs, also known as outpatient surgery centers, are sophisticated medical
facilities that specialize in outpatient surgical treatments. ASC services do
not last more than 24 hours. ASCs often specialize in one type of service,
such as colonoscopy or cosmetic surgery.

Children’s Hospitals
Children's hospitals are dedicated to the care and treatment of children
and the illnesses that impact them. It is a specialty hospital, which means
that the staff has undergone additional training to assist in the care of
children with a wide range of acute and long-term medical requirements.

Clinics
Clinics are often significantly smaller than hospitals and only treat
outpatients. They are unable to hold patients overnight for the purposes of
recuperation, therapy, diagnosis, or observation. Clinics may be conducted
by government organizations or by private businesses including
partnerships of surgeons or private physicians.
Community Hospital
Community hospitals are a new type of health facility that is being
constructed to expand our public hospital network and provide a variety of
walk-in hospitals, community health, and social care services close to
home.

District Hospitals
refers to a front-line hospital with its own catchment area and the
capability and facilities to provide secondary medical treatment to patients
requiring hospitalization as well as the experience of qualified doctors.

Provincial Hospitals
a hospital or healthcare institution managed or supervised by a Provincial
People's Committee or a District People's Committee.

Specialty Hospital
Specialty hospitals are physician-owned medical facilities that focus on a
certain field of medicine and care or a specific population of patients.
Orthopedic centers, surgical centers, and cardiac facilities are examples of
common specialty hospitals.

Rehabilitation Hospitals
Rehab hospitals and treatment facilities are solely dedicated to patient
rehabilitation for a wide range of diseases and injuries. Some clinics
provide both inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation treatments, whilst
others only provide inpatient care and intense therapy regimens.
Primary Hospital
refers to a hospital equipped and equipped to provide first contact
emergency care and hospitalization in basic conditions.

Secondary Hospital
refers to a hospital that has the ability and facilities to provide medical
care to patients needing hospitalization, as well as the experience of
physicians with at least six (6) months of training on topics specialties.

Tertiary Level I
Tertiary refers to a hospital that can provide medical care to situations
that require advanced diagnostic and therapeutic technology as well as
the knowledge of qualified doctors and subspecialists.

Tertiary Level II
refers to a departmentalized hospital that has teaching and research
capabilities as well as authorized residency programs in surgery,
pediatrics, medicine, OB-Gyne, EENT, orthopedics, anesthesia, and other
related specialties. It also provides dental services.

Tertiary Level III

refers to a hospital that has been renovated specifically chosen to
provide tertiary hospital services, including teaching, training, and
research.

Tertiary Level IV
refers to a tertiary hospital having costly and advanced diagnostic and
therapy resources for a specific medical issue area.
A hospital's primary duty is to offer full health care to the public; it also
serves as a training facility for health personnel. In general, a hospital is an
essential component of a social and medical institution.
Aside from that the following are the functions of Hospital:

This entails the care and management of

Medical care patients through a team of physicians.

It is directly related to patient care and

Patient Support comprises nursing, dietary diagnostic, treatment,
pharmacy, and laboratory services.

which is concerned with the execution of

hospital rules and directives guiding the
Administrative discharge of support services in the areas of
finance, people, materials and property,
housekeeping, laundry, security, transport,
engineering and board, and other maintenance.

Personnel Section - Development and management of a complete

human resource development program that encompasses recruiting and
selection, promotion, training, employee welfare and benefits, and
manpower planning and research.
Property and Supply Section - Procurement, storage, inventory,
distribution and disposition of hospital supplies, materials, and
equipment.
Housekeeping Section - develop and maintain clean, safe and sanitary
environment for patients and hospital personnel.
Linen and Laundry Section - Ensure adequate supply of clean linens for
patients and hospital units.
Engineering and Maintenance Section - Installation, operation, and
upkeep of electrical, mechanical, and communication equipment, as well
as linked facilities such as buildings and vehicles.
Security Force - Ensure the safety of hospital patients, facilities, and
workers, as well as the maintenance of peace and order and the
enforcement of hospital laws and regulations.
Medical Social Service - The Medical Social Service function is to ensure
that patients achieve emotional balance while receiving assistance with
other requirements that interfere with hospitalization and treatment.
Medical Records - Processes, maintains, analyzes, and safeguards all
medical records made in this hospital; provides hospital statistics
reports; and formulates and develops effective policies, processes, and
procedures for the section's efficient functioning. .
Pharmacy Section - Maintains an appropriate stock of pharmaceuticals
and medicines approved by the Pharmacy Therapeutic Committee to
provide a continuous supply of drugs and medicines to patients.
Dispenses and combines medications for in- and out-patients. Controls
the purchase, requisitioning, storage, and distribution of medications.
Maintains hazardous drug and other pharmaceutical records and files
as required by law. It is the Drug Informant Center.
Dietary Service - Maintains or improves the health of patients and
personnel by providing them with high-quality, nutritious food through
an efficient Dietary Service; Provides or serves safe, nutritious, and
appealing food through careful planning, wise procurement, and proper
preparation of balanced and satisfying meals within budgetary
constraints; Implements diet prescription in collaboration with physician
and nurse; Provides nutrition consultation and education services to
patients as well as
Accounting Section - Systematic recording of all financial transactions,
production of financial statements and appropriate reports, and upkeep
and storage of the hospital's Book of Accounts.
Budget Service - Repairs the Work and Financial Plan, as well as
providing funding estimates for hospital programs and projects.
Cashier Service - Receipt, deposit, custody and disbursement of
cash/collection of the hospital
Medicare and Billing Section - Admits, classifies, and orients Pay and
Medicare patients on privileges, duties, and responsibilities while in
confinement. Prepares a statement of account for the patient's service
and expenses. Records, bills, and account statements should be filed.
Hospitals are crucial for healthcare delivery. Hence they house various departments
and health care professionals like Emergency, ICU, Surgery, and more outpatient
departments. Hospitals save lives, treat illnesses, and promote well-being. In the
future, they’ll continue advancing medical science, improving patient care, and
adapting to evolving healthcare needs.

MAIN LOBBY
Hospital lobbies are where people check in
for appointments, wait to receive care, or
pass through on their way to visit a loved
one. Traditionally, hospital lobbies have
included a front desk, ample seating, and
perhaps an adjoining space to grab a
coffee or tea. However, as we gain a better
understanding of the effect of building
design on patient satisfaction and as
healthcare technology evolves to minimize
waiting, hospital lobby designs are
changing.

COMMERCIAL OFFICES
Some seeking commercial real estate for a
health care practice choose to buy
medical office building property, which is
similar to real estate found on a hospital
campus, aside from the obvious lack of a
hospital. Medical office buildings, like those
found on hospital campuses, also offer
opportunities for referrals from other
onsite health care providers.
ACCOUNTING OFFICE
The accounting department should master
and perform seven crucial functions. They
include account receivable and payable,
payroll, inventory management, budgeting,
reports and financial statements, legal
compliance and financial control, and record-
keeping.

CASHIER
Cashier responsibilities include receiving
payments and issuing receipts, gift-wrapping
packages and keeping track of all cash and
credit transactions. To be successful in this
role, you should have previous experience in a
customer service position and good
knowledge of how cash registers operate. You
should also be available to take evening and
weekend shifts occasionally.

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF

THE HOSPITAL
The Office of the Medical Center Chief sets the
overall direction of the hospital toward the
provision of high-quality health services. The
office provides overall leadership of the
clinical, financial, administrative, and human
resource functions and services. The office
guides operations and the effective
implementation of its policies, plan, programs,
and project.
EMERGENCY ROOM
Every hospital with an emergency department
aims to provide you with high quality care as
efficiently as possible. In the emergency
department, staff understand that being there
is stressful and they take the best possible
care of all of their patients.

OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT
The Outpatient Department (OPD) is the
physical facility of the Philippine General
Hospital Department of Medicine that
provides healthcare services to patients who
are not admitted, often serving as the first
point of contact between hospital and the
patient.

NURSING UNIT
The inpatient nursing unit is one of the most
important departments in a hospital building.
It is where patient treatment and healing
occur. Improving the efficiency of the nursing
unit design may improve the length of patient
stay, reduce medical errors and increase
patient satisfaction, thus improving the
performance of the medical services
provided in the hospital
NURSING SERVICE
The Nursing Service (NS) is a vital component
of the hospital which constitutes the largest
number of personnel in the healthcae facility.
This Service is responsible for providing safe
and quality nursing care to all clientele and
supports the overall objectives of patient care,
teaching, and research.

PRIMARY CLINICAL LABORATORY

Clinical laboratories are healthcare facilities
providing a wide range of laboratory
procedures which aid the physicians in
carrying out the diagnosis, treatment, and
management of patients. These laboratories
are manned by medical technologists (clinical
laboratory scientists) who are trained to
perform various tests to samples of biological
specimens collected from its patients.

RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
The ultimate objective of the diagnostic
radiology department is to aid physicians in
their efforts to diagnose and treat disease by
providing them with timely and reliable
information obtained from radiographic
examinations using the least amount of
radiation necessary for conducting the
radiographic examination
 DIETARY FACILITY
Dietary services means providing food
and drink to a patient according to an
order. Dietary services means the data
collection, observation, and
implementation of nutrition care
protocols as established by the
supervisor.

ENGINEERING MAINTENANCE

Facilities engineering combines

multidisciplinary engineering and
management. It requires knowledge of all
aspects of the physical facility, including
the planning cycle, the buildings,
infrastructure and people.
STANDARD HOSPITAL BEDS

These multi-purpose beds are height adjustable

and can be inclined or reclined for patient
comfort. These types of beds in hospitals are
necessary for general patient care and are
equipped with side rails to prevent falls

ICU BEDS
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds are reserved for
critically ill patients. They include functions like
heart monitoring, motorized rotation, and
advanced controls. In critical care situations, these
beds are a lifeline.

BARIATRIC BEDS

For larger patients, bariatric beds provide the

necessary support and safety. They have higher
weight capacities and wider dimensions to
accommodate larger individuals
PEDIATRIC BEDS
Pediatric beds are designed with children in mind.
They come with vibrant designs and child-friendly
features, ensuring a less intimidating environment
for young patients.

EXAMINATION TABLES

Examination tables are available in all doctor’s

rooms to facilitate the examination of patients.

DELIVERY TABLE
The delivery table is used exclusively to support
patients during childbirth and recovery.
OPERATION TABLES
Operation tables are designed to support patients
during small or major surgical procedures. These
tables are also narrower than normal ones to allow
doctors to stand on either side while performing the
procedures

BEDSIDE TABLES
Bedside tables, usually H-shaped or U-shaped,
come with shelves or drawers to accommodate the
patient’s personal belongings.

WHEELCHAIRS
Wheelchairs are one of the most commonly used
items in every hospital. Used as an assistive device,
it promotes mobility for patients who have walking
difficulties.
DENTAL CHAIRS
Dental chairs are exclusively used by dentists. These
chairs are specially designed to support a patient’s
body during dental procedures.

PATIENT CHAIRS
Patient chairs are of several types, each used by
patients experiencing various medical conditions.

RECLINER CHAIRS
Recliner chairs come with armrests and also reclines
at various angles. As the occupant sits on the chair,
the back of the chair reclines, and the front raises.
DIALYSIS CHAIR
A dialysis chair is a fully automatic device
manufactured with extra space for free functionality.

STEP CHAIR
Step chair facilitates the moving of patients
through narrow spaces or up and down staircases.

LIFT CHAIRS
Lift chairs are powered by a hydraulic mechanism to
push the entire chair from the base, enabling weak
patients to assume a standing position.
DIALYSIS CHAIR
A dialysis chair is a fully automatic device
manufactured with extra space for free functionality.

STEP CHAIR
Step chair facilitates the moving of patients
through narrow spaces or up and down staircases.

LIFT CHAIRS
Lift chairs are powered by a hydraulic mechanism to
push the entire chair from the base, enabling weak
patients to assume a standing position.
GYNAECOLOGIST CHAIR
The gynaecologist’s chair facilitates the treatment and
examination of patients. It comes with a comfortable
back rest and is generally made of durable alloy or
stainless steel for stability and durability.

SHOWER CHAIRS
Shower chairs are waterproof and come with sturdy
armrests and rubberised feet to support when the
patient is taking a shower.

STRETCHER CHAIRS
Stretcher chairs allow patients to assume multiple
positions for examination purposes. For example, it can
easily be reclined like a stretcher or positioned like a
chair to conveniently suit the clinical purpose.
BEDSIDE CABINETS
Bedside cabinets are vital for keeping a clean and tidy
atmosphere. They store medical supplies, patient
records, and personal belongings. The best hospital
furniture for bedside cabinets has antimicrobial
surfaces to inhibit bacteria growth and promote
hygiene in healthcare settings. These cabinets are
generally created with various compartments and
secure locking systems to satisfy the special needs of
healthcare facilities.

EXAMINATION TABLES
For medical workers, examination tables are an
essential piece of hospital furniture. These tables offer
a firm, secure platform for examinations, minor
treatments, and consultations. They are available in
various sizes, including pediatric and bariatric variants,
to accommodate a wide range of patient populations.
Examination tables are frequently adjustable, making it
simple for healthcare personnel to serve patients with
varying needs.

INTRAVENOUS (IV) POLE

Intravenous (IV) therapy is a common medical practice,
and IV poles are required. These poles provide a robust
and movable support system for IV bags, enabling
optimal fluid and medication administration. Modern IV
poles frequently have extra features like hooks for
patient items and several hangers to facilitate different
medical treatments.
MAYO TROLLEYS
Mayo trolleys are used in operation theatres. They
carry all the necessary surgical equipment and are
made from surgical stainless steel to ensure extra
hygiene.

DRESSING TROLLEY
Dressing trolleys are used for storing and transferring
all medicines and equipment needed to handle
emergency medical situations.

VENTILATORS
These machines assist patients with breathing
difficulties by providing mechanical ventilation. They
are a lifeline for ICU patients suffering from
respiratory issues.
CARDIAC MONITORS
Vital for continuous monitoring of a patient's heart
rate, rhythm, and other vital signs, cardiac monitors
are crucial for identifying and addressing cardiac
issues promptly.

INFUSION PUMPS
These devices administer exact volumes of fluids,
medicines, or nutrients into a patient's
bloodstream. They are crucial in the administration
of critical care treatments.

PATIENT MONITORS
ICU patient monitors give a comprehensive view of a
patient's vital indicators, such as blood pressure,
temperature, and oxygen levels. They assist
healthcare providers in making judgments in real-time
DEFIBRILLATORS
These machines are necessary for dealing with
cardiac emergencies. They provide an electric shock
to reestablish a regular heartbeat during life-
threatening arrhythmias.

CRADLES/CRIBS
Cradles and cribs for newborns and infants who are
not more than 18 months old. Cradles are like
miniature beds with rockers or pivots. Cribs, on the
other hand, are beds enclosed by high slats to
protect the baby.

BASSINETS
Bassinets are beds for babies up to four months of
age. The base is attached to a lever which can be
used to raise the bed level to the average adult’s
waistline.
BABY BATHTUBS
Baby bathtubs are exclusively manufactured to
comfortably hold water and support newborns and
infants while they are given a bath.

BABY SHOWER CHAIRS

Baby shower chairs are used in hospitals for
toddlers who are patients.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (EKG OR ECG) MACHINES

Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) machines record
the electrical activity of the heart over a period of
time and allow health care providers to monitor the
overall rhythm of the heart and identify any
abnormalities in an individual.
HERMATOLOGY ANALYZERS
Hematology analyzers are used mainly for patient and
research purpose to diagnose disease by counting
blood cells and monitor it. Basic analyzers return a
complete blood count with a three-part differential
white blood cell count. Advanced analyzers measure
cell and can detect small cell populations to diagnose
rare blood conditions.

BIOCHEMESTRY ANALYZERS
Biochemistry analyzers are the equipment which are
used to measure the concentration of chemicals in a
biological process. These chemicals are used in
different biological processes at different stages. An
automated analyzer is a medical equipment used in
laboratory to measure different chemicals quickly, with
less human assistance.

X-RAY MACHINE

An X-ray machine is any machine that involves X-rays.

It consists of an X-ray generator and an X-ray detector.
X rays are electromagnetic radiation that penetrates
structures within the body and creates images of these
structures on film or a fluorescent screen. These
images are called x-rays. In medical field, X-ray
generators are used by radiographers to get x-ray
images of the internal structures e.g., bones of a
patient.
ULTRASOUND IMAGING
Ultrasound imaging is a technology that allows sound
waves to be transmitted to a computer screen as
images. Ultrasound helps the doctor to examine the
patient of various health issues such as pregnant
women, cardiac patient, patient having abdominal
problem etc. Ultrasound can be used during
pregnancies by gynaecologist and obstetrician to
confirm the pregnancy, know the baby position and its
heart beat and check the growth of the baby on regular
basis.

SURGICAL LIGHT
A surgical light which is also called as an operating light
is a medical equipment which helps medical personnel
during a surgery by illuminating on a local area of the
patient. There are several types in the surgical lights
based on their mounting, type of light source,
illumination, size etc. as Ceiling type, Mobile OT light,
Stand type, single dome, double dome, LED, Halogen
etc.

ELECTROSURGICAL UNIT
An electrosurgical unit is used in surgery to cut,
coagulate, or otherwise alter tissue, often to limit the
amount of blood flow to an area and increase visibility
during a surgery. This equipment is crucial to cauterizing
and minimizing blood loss during surgery.
An electrosurgical unit (ESU) comprise of a generator
and a handpiece with electrodes. The device is
managed using a switch on the handpiece or a foot
switch. Electrosurgical generators can produce a variety
of electrical waveforms.
INFUSION PUMP
An infusion pump infuses fluids, medication or nutrients
into a patient’s body. It is generally used intravenously,
although subcutaneous, arterial and epidural infusions
are also used occasionally.
An infusion pump can deliver fluids and other nutrients in
such a way that it will be difficult if done by a nurse. E.g.,
Infusion pump can deliver as little as 0.1 mL per hour
injections which cannot be done through a drip injection
every minute, or fluids whose volumes vary by the time
of day.

SUNCTION APPARATUS/SUCTION MACHINE

It is a medical device used to remove different types of
secretions including liquid or gaseous secretions from
the body cavity. It is based on the principle of
vacuuming. There are mainly two types of suction
apparatus, Single jar and double jar type.

HOSPITAL STERILIZERS
Hospital sterilizers kill all forms of microbial life
including fungi, bacteria, viruses, spores, and all other
entities present on surgical tools and other medical
items. Usually sterilization process is done by bringing
an instrument to a high temperature with steam, dry
heat, or boiling liquid.
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