NX For Engineering Design

NX FOR ACADEMIC
NX for Engineering
Design
Ming C. Leu, Chia-Hung Hung, Wenjin Tao, Amir
Ghazanfari, Krishna Kolan
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Contents
PREFACE ................................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 2
1.1 PRODUCT REALIZATION PROCESS ..............................................................................2

1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF CAD/CAM DEVELOPMENT .........................................................3
1.3 DEFINITION OF CAD/CAM/CAE .....................................................................................5
1.3.1 Computer Aided Design – CAD .................................................................................. 5
1.3.2 Computer Aided Manufacturing – CAM ..................................................................... 5
1.3.3 Computer Aided Engineering – CAE........................................................................... 5
1.4. SCOPE OF THIS TUTORIAL ............................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2 – GETTING STARTED .................................................................. 8
2.1 STARTING AN NX SESSION AND OPENING FILES ....................................................8

2.1.1 Start an NX Session...................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 Open a New File ........................................................................................................... 9
2.1.3 Open a Part File .......................................................................................................... 10
2.2 PRINTING, SAVING AND CLOSING FILES .................................................................14
2.2.1 Print an NX Image...................................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Save Part Files ............................................................................................................ 14
2.2.3 Close Part Files........................................................................................................... 16
2.2.4 Exit an NX Session .................................................................................................... 16
2.3 NX INTERFACE ................................................................................................................16
2.3.1 Mouse Functionality ................................................................................................... 17
2.3.2 NX Gateway ............................................................................................................... 19
2.3.3 Geometry Selection .................................................................................................... 24
2.3.4 User Preferences ......................................................................................................... 26
2.3.5 Applications ............................................................................................................... 28
2.4 LAYERS .............................................................................................................................29
2.4.1 Layer Control ............................................................................................................. 29
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2.4.2 Commands in Layers .................................................................................................. 30
2.5 COORDINATE SYSTEMS ................................................................................................32
2.5.1 Absolute Coordinate System ...................................................................................... 32
2.5.2 Work Coordinate System ........................................................................................... 32
2.5.3 Moving the WCS ........................................................................................................ 32
2.6 TOOLBARS........................................................................................................................34
CHAPTER 3 – TWO DIMENSIONAL SKETCHING...................................... 36
3.1 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................36

3.2 SKETCHING ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................37
3.3 SKETCH CURVE TOOLBAR ...........................................................................................39
3.4 CONSTRAINTS TOOLBAR .............................................................................................41
3.5 EXAMPLES........................................................................................................................44
3.5.1 Arbor Press Base ........................................................................................................ 44
3.5.2 Impeller Lower Casing ............................................................................................... 47
3.5.3 Impeller ...................................................................................................................... 52
3.6 EXERCISES .......................................................................................................................55
3.6.1 Circular Base .............................................................................................................. 55
3.6.2 Sketching of a Holder ................................................................................................. 56
CHAPTER 4 – THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELING ................................... 57
4.1 TYPES OF FEATURES .....................................................................................................57

4.1.1 Primitives ................................................................................................................... 58
4.1.2 Reference Features ..................................................................................................... 59
4.1.3 Swept Features ........................................................................................................... 59
4.1.4 Remove Features ........................................................................................................ 60
4.1.5 Extract Features .......................................................................................................... 60
4.1.6 User-Defined features ................................................................................................ 62
4.2 PRIMITIVES ......................................................................................................................62
4.2.1 Model a Block ............................................................................................................ 62
4.2.2 Model a Shaft ............................................................................................................. 63
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4.3 REFERENCE FEATURES.................................................................................................67
4.3.1 Datum Plane ............................................................................................................... 67
4.3.2 Datum Axis ................................................................................................................ 68
4.4 DESIGN FEATURES .........................................................................................................69
4.5 REMOVE FEATURES.......................................................................................................74
4.5.1 General Hole .............................................................................................................. 74
4.5.2 Slot ............................................................................................................................. 76
4.5.3 Groove ........................................................................................................................ 76
4.6 FEATURE OPERATIONS .................................................................................................77
4.6.1 Edge Blend ................................................................................................................. 77
4.6.2 Chamfer ...................................................................................................................... 77
4.6.3 Thread ......................................................................................................................... 79
4.6.4 Trim Body .................................................................................................................. 80
4.6.5 Split Body ................................................................................................................... 80
4.6.6 Mirror ......................................................................................................................... 80
4.6.7 Pattern......................................................................................................................... 81
4.6.8 Boolean Operations .................................................................................................... 82
4.6.9 Move........................................................................................................................... 84
4.7 EXAMPLES........................................................................................................................85
4.7.1 Hexagonal Screw ........................................................................................................ 85
4.7.2 Hexagonal Nut ............................................................................................................ 89
4.7.3 L-Bar .......................................................................................................................... 93
4.7.4 Rack ............................................................................................................................ 95
4.7.5 Impeller ...................................................................................................................... 98
4.8 STANDARD PARTS LIBRARY .....................................................................................101
4.9 SYNCHRONOUS TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................102
4.10 EXERCISES ...................................................................................................................105
4.10.1 Rocker Arm ............................................................................................................ 105
4.10.2 Holder ..................................................................................................................... 106
4.10.3 Impeller Upper Casing ........................................................................................... 107
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4.10.4 Die-Cavity .............................................................................................................. 108
CHAPTER 5 – DRAFTING ................................................................................ 111
5.1 OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................111

5.2 CREATING A DRAWING ..............................................................................................113
5.3 DRAWING DIMENSIONING .........................................................................................121
5.4 SECTIONAL VIEW .........................................................................................................125
5.5 PRODUCT AND MANUFACTURING INFORMATION .............................................126
5.6 EXAMPLE ........................................................................................................................129
5.7 EXERCISE ........................................................................................................................132
CHAPTER 6 – ASSEMBLY MODELING ....................................................... 133
6.1 TERMINOLOGY .............................................................................................................133

6.2 ASSEMBLING APPROACHES ......................................................................................134
6.2.1 Top-Down Approach................................................................................................ 134
6.2.2 Bottom-Up Approach ............................................................................................... 135
6.2.3 Mixing and Matching ............................................................................................... 135
6.3 ASSEMBLY AND CONSTRAINT NAVIGATORS ......................................................135
6.4 ASSEMBLY CONSTRAINTS .........................................................................................135
6.5 EXAMPLE ........................................................................................................................136
6.5.1 Starting an Assembly ............................................................................................... 137
6.5.2 Adding Components and Constraints ....................................................................... 139
6.5.3 Exploded View ......................................................................................................... 149
6.5.4 WAVE Geometry Linker ......................................................................................... 153
6.6 EXERCISES .....................................................................................................................158
6.6.1 Arbor Press ............................................................................................................... 158
6.6.2 Butterfly Valve ......................................................................................................... 159
6.6.3 Jackscrew ................................................................................................................. 163
CHAPTER 7 – FREEFORM SURFACE MODELING .................................. 165
7.1 OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................165
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7.1.1 Creating Freeform Features from Points .................................................................. 165
7.1.2 Creating Freeform Features from Section Strings .................................................... 166
7.1.3 Creating Freeform Features from Faces ............................................................... 167
7.2 FREEFORM FEATURE MODELING ............................................................................168
7.2.1 Modeling with Points ............................................................................................... 168
7.2.2 Modeling with a Point Cloud ................................................................................... 170
7.2.3 Modeling with Curves .............................................................................................. 171
7.2.4 Modeling with Curves and Faces ............................................................................. 173
7.3 EXERCISES .....................................................................................................................175
7.3.1 An Exercise on Curves ............................................................................................. 175
7.3.2 An Exercise on Surfaces........................................................................................... 176
7.3.3 Design a Computer Mouse ....................................................................................... 177
7.3.4 Design a Sport Water Bottle..................................................................................... 177
CHAPTER 8 – FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ............................................. 178
8.1 OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................178

8.1.1 Element Shapes and Nodes ...................................................................................... 178
8.1.2 Solution Steps ........................................................................................................... 180
8.1.3 Simulation Navigator ............................................................................................... 181
8.2 SIMULATION CREATION .............................................................................................181
8.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES .............................................................................................184
8.4 MESHING ........................................................................................................................187
8.5 LOADS .............................................................................................................................188
8.6 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ...........................................................................................189
8.7 RESULT AND SIMULATION ........................................................................................190
8.7.1 Solving the Simulation ............................................................................................. 190
8.7.2 FEA Result ............................................................................................................... 192
8.7.3 Simulation and Animation ....................................................................................... 194
8.8 EXERCISES .....................................................................................................................197
8.8.1 Arbor Press Bar ........................................................................................................ 197
8.8.2 Rocker Arm .............................................................................................................. 198
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CHAPTER 9 – MANUFACTURING ................................................................ 199
9.1 GETTING STARTED ......................................................................................................199

9.1.1 Creation of a Blank .................................................................................................. 199
9.1.2 Setting Machining Environment .............................................................................. 202
9.1.3 Operation Navigator ................................................................................................. 202
9.1.4 Machine Coordinate System (MCS) ........................................................................ 203
9.1.5 Geometry Definition ................................................................................................ 203
9.2 CREATING OPERATION ...............................................................................................205
9.2.1 Creating a New Operation ........................................................................................ 205
9.2.2 Tool Creation and Selection ..................................................................................... 205
9.2.3 Tool Path Settings .................................................................................................... 208
9.2.4 Step Over and Scallop Height .................................................................................. 209
9.2.5 Depth Per Cut ........................................................................................................... 210
9.2.6 Cutting Parameters ................................................................................................... 211
9.2.7 Avoidance................................................................................................................. 211
9.2.8 Speeds and Feeds ..................................................................................................... 213
9.3 PROGRAM GENERATION AND VERIFICATION .....................................................214
9.3.1 Generating Program ................................................................................................. 214
9.3.2 Tool Path Display ..................................................................................................... 215
9.3.3 Tool Path Simulation ................................................................................................ 215
9.3.4 Gouge Check ............................................................................................................ 217
9.4 OPERATION METHODS ................................................................................................218
9.4.1 Roughing .................................................................................................................. 218
9.4.2 Semi-Finishing ......................................................................................................... 218
9.4.3 Finishing Profile ....................................................................................................... 221
9.4.4 Finishing Contour Surface ....................................................................................... 225
9.4.5 Flooring .................................................................................................................... 228
9.5 POST PROCESSING .......................................................................................................231
9.5.1 Creating CLSF.......................................................................................................... 232
9.5.2 Post Processing ......................................................................................................... 234
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CHAPTER 10 – ADDENDUM ........................................................................... 235
10.1 CONVERGENT MODELING .......................................................................................235

10.1.1 Topology Optimization .......................................................................................... 238
10.1.2 NX Realize Shape .................................................................................................. 244
10.1.3 Design for Additive Manufacturing ....................................................................... 247
10.2 PROCESS AUTOMATION ...........................................................................................258
10.2.1 Measurement .......................................................................................................... 258
10.2.2 Weight Analysis ..................................................................................................... 261
10.3 SHEET METAL .............................................................................................................263
10.4 CONTINUOUS RELEASE ............................................................................................266
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PREFACE
NX is one of the world’s most advanced and tightly integrated CAD/CAM/CAE product
development solution from Siemens Digital Industries Software. Spanning the entire range of
product development, NX delivers immense value to enterprises of all sizes. It simplifies complex
product development, thus speeding up the process of introducing products to the market.
The NX software integrates multidisciplinary principles, conceptual design, 3D modeling,

documentation, engineering analysis, graphic simulation, and concurrent engineering. The
software has powerful hybrid modeling capabilities by integrating constraint-based feature
modeling and explicit geometric modeling. In addition to modeling standard geometry parts, it
allows the user to design complex freeform shapes such as airfoils and manifolds. It also merges
solid and surface modeling techniques into one powerful toolset.
This self-guided tutorial and hyperlinks (in underlined blue letters) to YouTube channel video
provide a step-by-step approach for users to learn NX. It is intended for those with no previous
experience with NX. However, users of previous versions of NX may also find this tutorial useful
for them to learn the new user interfaces and functions. The user will be guided from starting a NX
session to creating models and designs that have various applications. Each chapter has
components explained with the help of various dialog boxes and screenshots. These components
are later used in the assembly modeling, machining and finite element analysis. The files of
components are also available online to download and use. To give NX user faster access to new
enhancements and quality improvements, Siemens Digital Industries software begins delivering
the NX software using a Continuous Release methodology.
Our previous efforts to prepare the NX self-guided tutorial were funded by the National Science
Foundation’s Advanced Technological Education Program and by the Partners of the
Advancement of Collaborative Engineering Education (PACE) program.
If you have any questions or comments about this tutorial, please email Ming C. Leu at
[email protected] or Chia-Hung Hung at [email protected]. The models and all the versions of the
tutorial are available at http://web.mst.edu/~mleu.
Unrestricted NX for Engineering Design 1 Missouri University of Science and Technology

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
The modern manufacturing environment can be characterized by the paradigm of delivering

products of increasing variety, smaller batches and higher quality in the context of increasing
global competition. Industries cannot survive worldwide competition unless they introduce new
products with better quality, at lower costs and with shorter lead-time. There is intense
international competition and decreased availability of skilled labor. With dramatic changes in
computing power and wider availability of software tools for design and production, engineers are
now using Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and Computer
Aided Engineering (CAE) systems to automate their design and production processes. These
technologies are now used every day for all sorts of different engineering tasks. Below is a brief
description of how CAD, CAM, and CAE technologies are being used during the product
realization process.
1.1 PRODUCT REALIZATION PROCESS
The product realization process can be roughly divided into two phases: design and manufacturing.
The design process starts with identification of new customer needs and design variables to be
improved, which are identified by the marketing personnel after getting feedback from the
customers. Once the relevant design information is gathered, design specifications are formulated.
A feasibility study is conducted with relevant design information and detailed design and analyses
are performed. The detailed design includes design conceptualization, prospective product
drawings, sketches and geometric modeling. Analysis includes stress analysis, interference
checking, kinematics analysis, mass property calculations and tolerance analysis, and design
optimization. The quality of the results obtained from these activities is directly related to the
quality of the analysis and the tools used for conducting the analysis.
The manufacturing process starts with the shop-floor activities beginning from production
planning, which uses the design process drawings and ends with the actual product. Process
planning includes activities like production planning, material procurement, and machine
selection. There are varied tasks like procurement of new tools, NC programming and quality
checks at various stages during the production process. Process planning includes planning for all

the processes used in manufacturing of the product. Parts that pass the quality control inspections
are assembled functionally tested, packaged, labeled, and shipped to customers.
A diagram representing the Product Realization Process (Mastering CAD/CAM, by Ibrahim Zeid,
McGraw Hill, 2005) is shown below.
1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF CAD/CAM DEVELOPMENT
The roots of current CAD/CAM technologies go back to the beginning of civilization when
engineers in ancient Egypt recognized graphics communication. Orthographic projection practiced
today was invented around the 1800s. The real development of CAD/CAM systems started in the
1950s. CAD/CAM went through four major phases of development in the last century. The 1950s
was known as the era of interactive computer graphics. MIT’s Servo Mechanisms Laboratory
demonstrated the concept of numerical control (NC) on a three-axis milling machine. Development
in this era was slowed down by the shortcomings of computers at the time. During the late 1950s

the development of Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) began and General Motors explored
the potential of interactive graphics.
The 1960s was the most critical research period for interactive computer graphics. Ivan Sutherland
developed a sketchpad system, which demonstrated the possibility of creating drawings and
altercations of objects interactively on a cathode ray tube (CRT). The term CAD started to appear
with the word ‘design’ extending beyond basic drafting concepts. General Motors announced their
DAC-1 system and Bell Technologies introduced the GRAPHIC 1 remote display system.
During the 1970s, the research efforts of the previous decade in computer graphics had begun to
be fruitful, and potential of interactive computer graphics in improving productivity was realized
by industry, government and academia. The 1970s is characterized as the golden era for computer
drafting and the beginning of ad hoc instrumental design applications. National Computer
Graphics Association (NCGA) was formed and Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES)
was initiated.
In the 1980s, new theories and algorithms evolved, and integration of various elements of design
and manufacturing was developed. The major research and development focus were to expand
CAD/CAM systems beyond three-dimensional geometric designs and provide more engineering
applications.
The present-day CAD/CAM development focuses on efficient and fast integration and automation
of various elements of design and manufacturing along with the development of new algorithms.
There are many commercial CAD/CAM packages available for direct usages that are user-friendly
and very proficient.
Below are some of the commercial packages in the present market.
• Solid Edge, AutoCAD, Inventor and TurboCAD are some affordable CAD software
systems.
• NX, Creo, CATIA, SolidWorks, and Simcenter 3D are high-end modeling, designing
software systems that are costlier but more powerful. These software systems also have
computer aided manufacturing and engineering analysis capabilities.
• Onshape, NX (in their recent release), and Fusion 360 are cloud based CAD software,
which provide CAD capabilities via user’s browser.

• ANSYS, ABAQUS, NASTRAN and COMSOL are packages mainly used for CAE
purposes.
1.3 DEFINITION OF CAD/CAM/CAE
Following are the definitions of some of the terms used in this tutorial.
1.3.1 Computer Aided Design – CAD

CAD is technology concerned with using computer systems to assist in the creation, modification,
analysis, and optimization of a design. Any computer program that embodies computer graphics
and an application program facilitating engineering functions in design process can be classified
as CAD software.
The most basic role of CAD is to define the geometry of design – a mechanical part or a contour
surface part, a product assembly, an architectural structure, an electronic circuit, a building layout,
etc. The greatest benefits of CAD systems are that they can save considerable time and reduce
errors caused by otherwise having to redefine the geometry of the design from scratch every time
it is needed.
1.3.2 Computer Aided Manufacturing – CAM

CAM technology involves computer systems that plan, manage, and control the manufacturing
operations through computer interface with the plant’s production resources.
One of the most important areas of CAM is numerical control (NC). This is the technique of using
programmed instructions to control a machine tool, which cuts, mills, grinds, punches or turns raw
stock into a finished part. Another significant CAM function is in the programming of robots.
Process planning is also a target of computer automation.
1.3.3 Computer Aided Engineering – CAE

CAE technology uses a computer system to analyze the functions of a CAD-created product,
allowing designers to simulate and study how the product will behave so that the design can be
refined and optimized.
CAE tools are available for a number of different types of analyses. For example, kinematic
analysis programs can be used to determine motion paths and linkage velocities in mechanisms.
Dynamic analysis programs can be used to determine loads and displacements in complex

assemblies such as automobiles. One of the most popular methods of analyses is using a Finite
Element Method (FEM). This approach can be used to determine stress, deformation, heat transfer,
magnetic field distribution, fluid flow, and other continuous field problems that are often too tough
to solve with any other approach.
1.4. SCOPE OF THIS TUTORIAL
This tutorial is written for students and engineers who are interested in learning how to use NX for
designing mechanical components and assemblies. Learning to use NX will also be valuable for
learning how to use other CAD systems such as Creo and CATIA. This tutorial provides a
systematic approach for learning NX.
Chapter 2 includes the NX essentials from starting a session to getting familiar with the NX layout
by practicing basic functions such as Print, Save, and Exit. It also gives a brief description of the
Coordinate System, Layers, various toolboxes and other important commands, which will be used
in later chapters.
Chapter 3 presents the concept of sketching. It describes how to create sketches and to give
geometric and dimensional constraints. This chapter is very important since present-day
components are very complex in geometry and difficult to model with only basic features.
Chapter 4 begins actual designing and modeling of parts. It describes different features such as
reference features, swept features and primitive features and how these features are used to create
designs. Various kinds of feature operations are performed on the created features.
Chapter 5 teaches how to create a drawing from a part model. In this chapter, we show how to
create a drawing by adding views, dimensioning the part drawings, and modifying various
attributes in the drawing such as text size, arrow size and tolerance.
Chapter 6 teaches the concepts of Assembly Modeling and its terminologies. It describes Top-
Down modeling and Bottom-Up modeling. We will use Bottom-Up modeling to assemble
components into a product.
Chapter 7 introduces free-form modeling. The method of modeling smooth curves and surfaces
with tangent, curvature or higher degree continuity will be demonstrated.

Chapter 8 is capsulated into a brief introduction to Design Simulations A.K.A. Simcenter 3D that
is available in NX for the Finite Element Analysis.
Chapter 9 provides a real-time experience of implementing a designed model into a

manufacturing environment for machining. This chapter deals with generation, verification and
simulation of Tool Path to create CNC (Computer Numerical Control) codes to produce the
designed parts from multiple axes and even advanced CNC machines.
Chapter 10 is a brief introduction of special modeling features and tools regarding Convergent
Modeling, Process Automation, and Sheet Metal. A note of continuous release of NX is also
provided.
The examples and exercise problems for part models in each chapter are so designed that they will
be finally assembled in later chapters. Due to this distinctive feature, you should save all the design
models that you have created in each chapter.
Note that the sample data used in this book are neither non-proprietary to the Missouri University
of Science and Technology nor to Siemens Digital Industries Software.

CHAPTER 2 – GETTING STARTED
Let us begin with starting of an NX session. This chapter will provide the basics required to use
any CAD/CAM package. You will learn the preliminary steps to start, to understand and to use the
NX package for modeling, drafting, etc. It contains five sub-sections a) Opening an NX session,
b) Printing, saving, and closing part files, c) getting acquainted with the NX user interface d) Using
layers and e) Understanding important commands and dialogs.
2.1 STARTING AN NX SESSION AND OPENING FILES
2.1.1 Start an NX Session

➢ Windows desktop screen, click on Start → Program List → Siemens NX → NX

The main NX Screen will open. This is the Gateway for the NX software. The NX blank screen
looks like the figure shown below. There will be several tips displayed on the screen about the
special features of the current version. The Gateway also has the Standard Toolbar that will allow
you to create a new file or open an existing file. On the left side of the Gateway screen, there is a
toolbar called the Resource Bar that has menus related to different modules and the ability to define
and change the Role of the software, view History of the software use and so on. This will be
explained in detail later in this chapter.
2.1.2 Open a New File

Let’s begin by learning how to open a new part file in NX. To create a new file there are three
options.
➢ Click on the New button on left of Ribbon bar
OR
➢ Go through the File drop-down menu at the top-left of the screen and click New
OR
➢ Click NEW button at the top-left of the screen
OR

➢ Press <Ctrl> + N
This will open a new session, asking for the type, name and location of the new file to be created.
There are numerous types of files in NX to select from the Templates dialogue box located at the
center of the window. The properties of the selected file are displayed below the Preview on the
right side. Since we want to work in the modeling environment and create new parts, only specify
the units (inches or millimeters) of the working environment and the name and location of the file.
The default unit is millimeters.
➢ Enter an appropriate name and location for the file and click OK
2.1.3 Open a Part File

There are several ways to open an existing file in NX.

➢ Click on the Open buttons at the top-left of the screen
OR
➢ Go through the File drop-down menu at the top-left of the screen and click Open
OR
➢ Press <Ctrl> + O
The Open Part File dialog will appear. You can see the preview of the files on the right side of the
window. You can disable the Preview by un-clicking the box in front of the Preview button.
➢ Click Cancel to exit the window

OR
➢ Open files in History tab in Resource Bar
OR
➢ Left-click and drag file to window tab and drop it

When multiple parts are opened, you can simultaneously view multiple opened parts at the same
time by clicking Window Layout in Window on the top of screen and choosing your preferred
window layout, or dragging a selected display part to the center of the NX session, then you can
select where and how to display multiple opened NX files.

2.2 PRINTING, SAVING AND CLOSING FILES
2.2.1 Print an NX Image

To print an image from the current display,
➢ Click File → Print
The following figure shows the Print dialog box.

Here, you can choose the printer to use or specify
the number of copies to be printed, size of the
paper and so on.
You can also select the scale for all the three
dimensions. You can also choose the method of
printing, i.e. wireframe, solid model by clicking
on the Output drop down-menu as shown in the
Figure on right side
➢ Click Cancel to exit the window
2.2.2 Save Part Files

It is imperative that you save your work
frequently. If for some reasons, NX shuts down
and the part is not saved, all the work will be lost.
To save the part files,
➢ Click File → Save

There are five options to save a file:
Save: This option will save the part on screen
with the same name as given before while
creating the part file.
Save Work Part Only: This option will only

save the active part on the screen.
Save As: This option allows you to save the part

on screen using a different name and/or type. The
default type is .prt. However, you can save your

file as IGES (.igs), STEP (.stp), AutoCAD DXF (.dxf), AutoCAD DWG (.dwg), CATIA Model
(.model), CATIA V5 (.catpart), ACIS text (.sat), ACIS Binary (.sab), STEP242 compressed (.stpz),
STEP242 XML (stpx), STEP242 compressed XLM (.stpxz) , Wavefront ASCII (stpxz) and IFC
(.ifc).
Save All: This option will save all the opened part files with their existing names at their existing
locations within your own computer filing system.
Save Bookmark: This option will save a screenshot and context of the present model on the screen
as a .JPEG file and bookmarks.

2.2.3 Close Part Files
You can choose to close the parts that are
visible on screen by
➢ Click File → Close

If you close a file, the file will be cleared
from the working memory and any changes
that are not saved will be lost. Therefore,
remember to select Save and Close, Save As
and Close, Save All and Close or Save All
and Exit. In case of the first three options,
the parts that are selected or all parts will be
closed but the NX session keeps on running.
2.2.4 Exit an NX Session

➢ Click File → Exit
If you have files open and have made changes to them without saving, the message will ask you if
you really want to exit.
➢ Select No, save the files and then Exit
2.3 NX INTERFACE
The user interface of NX is made very simple through the use of different icons and ribbons. Most
of the commands can be executed by navigating the mouse around the screen and clicking on the
icons. The keyboard entries are mostly limited to entering values and naming files.

2.3.1 Computer Mouse Functionality
2.3.1.1 Left Mouse Button (MB1)
The left mouse button, named Mouse Button 1 (MB1) in NX, is used for Selection of icons, menus,
and other entities on the graphic screen. Double clicking MB1 on any feature will automatically
open the Edit Dialog box. Clicking MB1 on an object enables the user to have quick access to
several options shown below. These options will be discussed in next chapters.
2.3.1.2 Middle Mouse Button (MB2)

The middle mouse button (MB2) or the scroll button is used to Rotate the object by pressing,
holding and dragging. The model can also be rotated about a single axis. To rotate about the axis
horizontal to the screen, place the mouse pointer near the right edge of the graphic screen and
rotate. Similarly, for the vertical axis and the axis perpendicular to the screen, click at the bottom
edge and top edge of the screen respectively and rotate. If you keep pressing the MB2 at the same
position for a couple of seconds, it will fix the point of rotation (an orange circle symbol appears)
and you can drag around the object to view.
If it is a scroll button, the object can be zoomed in and out by scrolling. Clicking the MB2 will
also execute the OK command if any pop-up window or dialog box is open.

2.3.1.3 Right Mouse Button (MB3)
MB3 or Right Mouse Button is used to access the user
interface pop-up menus. You can access the subsequent
options that pop up depending on the selection mode and
Application. The figure shown below is in Sketch
Application. Clicking on MB3 when a feature is selected
will give the options related to that feature (Object/Action
Menu).
Clicking MB3 and holding the button will display a set of icons around the
feature. These icons feature the possible commands that can be applied to the
feature.
2.3.1.4 Combination of Buttons

Zoom In /Out:
➢ Press and hold both MB1 and MB2 simultaneously and drag (or use wheel)
OR
➢ Press and hold <Ctrl> button on the keyboard and then press and drag the MB2
OR

Pan:
➢ Press and hold both the MB2 and MB3 simultaneously and drag
OR
➢ Press and hold <Shift> button on the keyboard and press and drag the MB2
Shortcut to menus:
➢ Press and hold <Ctrl> + <Shift> and MB1, MB2 and MB3 to see shortcuts to Feature,
Create Sketch, and Synchronous Modeling groups, respectively
2.3.2 NX Gateway
The following figure shows the typical layout of the NX window when a file is opened. This is the
Gateway of NX from where you can select any module to work on such as modeling,
manufacturing, etc. It has to be noted that these toolbars may not be exactly on the same position
of the screen as shown below. The toolbars can be placed at any location or position on the screen.
Look out for the same set of icons.

2.3.2.1 Ribbon Bar
The ribbon bar interface gives the user the ability to access the different commands easily without
reducing the graphics window area. Commands are organized in ribbon bars under different tabs
and groups for easy recognition and accessibility.
For example, in the ribbon bar shown in the figure above, we have home, curve, etc. tabs. In the
home tab, we have direct sketch, feature, synchronous modeling and surface groups. And in each
group, we have a set of featured commands.
2.3.2.2 Quick Access Toolbar

The quick access toolbar has most commonly used buttons (Save, Undo, Redo, Cut, Copy, Paste,
Drag and Drop between Windows, Repeat Command Drop-down, Touch Mode and Switch
Window) to expedite the modeling process. You may easily customize these buttons as shown in
the figure below.

2.3.2.3 Command Finder
If you do not know where to find a command, use Command Finder. Let’s say we have forgotten
where the Styled Sweep is.
➢ Type sweep in the Command Finder
➢ Hover the mouse over Styled Sweep
➢ NX will show you the path to the

command: Menu → Insert → Sweep →
Styled Sweep
Type sweep in the Command Finder → Click on

Styled Sweep in the Command Finder window
Command Finder also supports commands from

other CAD systems, i.e. CATIA, Creo, and
Solidworks. Users can type in commands in
those systems and NX will find similar
commands in NX.

2.3.2.4 Top-border
The most important button in the top-border is the menu button. Most of the features and functions
of the software are available in the menu. The Selection Bar displays the selection options. These
options include the Filters, Components/Assembly, and Snap Points for selecting features. Most
common buttons in the View tab are also displayed in the Top-border.
2.3.2.5 Right-border
The common features and functions of the software you frequently used are available in the right-
border. The NX also predicts and lists some features and functions you may need to use in the next
step based on your current NX working task in the right-border.
2.3.2.6 Resource Bar

The Resources Bar consists of multiple tabs in one place using very little user interface space. NX
places all navigator windows (Assembly, Constraint and Part) in the Resource Bar, as well as the
Reuse Library, HD3D Tools, Web Browser, History Palette, Process Studio, Manufacturing
Wizards, and Roles. Users can create their own custom Resource Bar in these specific tabs
(History, Process Studio, Manufacturing Wizard, etc.) by moving your mouse to blank space of
Resource Bar, then MB3 (right-click), and then select a New Palette. Two of the most important
widows are explained below.

Part Navigator
➢ Click on the Part Navigator icon, the third icon from the top on the Resource bar
The Part Navigator provides a visual representation of

the parent-child relationships of features in the work
part in a separate window in a tree type format. It
shows all the primitives, entities used during
modeling. It allows you to perform various editing
actions on those features. For example, you can use the
Part Navigator to Suppress or Unsuppress the features
or change their parameters or positioning dimensions.
Removing the green tick mark will ‘Suppress’ the
feature. The software will give a warning if the parent
child relationship is broken by suppressing any
particular feature.
The Part Navigator is available for all NX applications

and not just for modeling. However, you can only
perform feature-editing operations when you are in the Modeling module. Editing a feature in the
Part Navigator will automatically update the model. Feature editing will be discussed later.
History
➢ Click on the History icon, the seventh from the top on the Resource bar tab
The History Palette provides fast access to recently opened files or other palette entries. It can be
used to reload parts that have been recently worked on or to repeatedly add a small set of palette
items to a model.

The History Palette remembers the last palette options that
were used and the state of the session when it was closed.
NX stores the palettes that were loaded into a session and
restores them in the next session. The system does not
clean up the History Palette when parts are moved.
To re-use a part, drag and drop it from the History Palette,

or just select it from that display window to the Graphics
Window. To reload a part, click on a saved session
bookmark.
2.3.2.7 Cue Line

The Cue Line displays prompt messages that indicate the
next action that needs to be taken. To the right of the Cue
line, the Status Line is located which displays messages about the current options or the most
recently completed function.
The Progress Meter is displayed in the Cue Line when the system performs a time-consuming
operation such as loading a large assembly. The meter shows the percentage of the operation that
has been completed. When the operation is finished, the system displays the next appropriate cue.
2.3.3 Geometry Selection

You can filter the selection method, which facilitates easy selection of the geometry in a close
cluster. In addition, you can perform any of the feature operation options that NX intelligently
provides depending on the selected entity. Selection of items can be based on the degree of the
entity like, selection of Geometric entities, Features and Components. The selection method can
be opted by choosing one of the icons in the Selection Toolbar.
2.3.3.1 Feature Selection

Clicking on any of the icons lets you select the
features in the part file. It will not select the basic
entities like edges, faces etc. The features selected
can also be applied to a part or an entire assembly
depending upon the requirement.

Besides that, the filtering of the features can be further narrowed down by selecting one of the
desired options in the drop-down menu as shown in the figure. For example, selecting Curve will
highlight only the curves in the screen. The default is No Selection Filter.
2.3.3.2 General Object Selection

Navigate the mouse cursor closer to the entity until it is highlighted with a magenta color and click
the left mouse button to select any geometric entity, feature, or component.
If you want to select an entity that is hidden behind the displayed geometry,
place the mouse cursor roughly close to that area on the screen such that
the cursor ball occupies a portion of the hidden geometry projected on the
screen. After a couple of seconds, the ball cursor turns into a plus symbol
(…) as shown in the image. Click the left mouse button (MB1) to get a
Selection Confirmation dialog box as shown in the
following figure below. This QuickPick menu consists of
the list of entities captured within the ball of the cursor.
The entities are arranged in ascending order of the degree
of the entity. For example, edges and vertices are
assigned lower numbers while solid faces are given
higher numbers. By moving the cursor on the numbers
displayed, NX will highlight the corresponding entity on
the screen in a magenta color.

2.3.4 User Preferences
➢ Choose Preferences on the Menu button
(located to top left of the main window) to
find the various options available
User Preferences are used to define the display

parameters of new objects, names, layouts, and
views. You can set the layer, color, font, and width
of created objects. You can also design layouts and
views, control the display of object and view names
and borders, change the size of the selection ball,
specify the selection rectangle method, set
chaining tolerance and method, and design and
activate a grid. Changes that you make using the
Preferences menu override any counterpart
customer defaults for the same functions.
2.3.4.1 User Interface

➢ Choose Preferences → User Interface to find the options in the dialog box
The User Interface option customizes how NX works and interacts to specifications you set. You
can control the location, size and visibility status of the main window, graphics display, and
information window. You can set the number of decimal places (precision) that the system uses
for both input text fields and data displayed in the information window. You can also specify a full
or small dialog for file selection. You can also set macro options and enable a confirmation dialog
for Undo operations.
• The Layout tab allows you to select the User Interface Environment
• The Theme tab allows you change NX Theme from Light (recommended) to Light Gray,
Dark, or Classic
• The Resource Bar tab allows you change its display location
• The Touch tab lets you use touch screens

• The Options tab allows you, among others, to set the precision level (in the Information
Window)
• The Journal tab in the Tools allows you to use several programming languages
• The Macro tab in the Tools allows you to set the pause while displaying animation
2.3.4.2 Visualization
➢ Choose Preferences → Visualization to find the options in the dialog box

This dialog box controls attributes that affect the
display in the graphics window. Some attributes
are associated with the part or with particular
Views of the part. The settings for these attributes
are saved in the part file. For many of these
attributes, when a new part or a view is created,
the setting is initialized to the value specified in
the Customer Defaults file. Other attributes are
associated with the session and apply to all parts
in the session. The settings of some of these
attributes are saved from session to session in the
registry. For some session attributes, the setting
can be initialized to the value specified by
customer default, an environment variable.
➢ Choose Preferences → Color Pallet to find the options in the dialog box
You can change and observe the Color and Translucency of objects.
➢ Click Preferences → Object
This will pop up a dialog window Object Preferences.

You can also apply this setting to individual entities of the
solid. For example, you can click on any particular
surface of the solid and apply the Display settings.
2.3.5 Applications
Applications can be opened using the File option located
at the top left corner of the main window OR the
Applications tab above the Ribbon bar. You can select the
type of application you want to run. For example, you can
select Modeling, Drafting, Manufacturing, and so on as
shown in the figure. The default Application that starts

when you open a file or start a new file is Modeling. We will introduce some of these Application
in the next chapters.
2.4 LAYERS
Layers are used to store objects in a file, and work like containers to collect the objects in a
structured and consistent manner. Unlike simple visual tools like Show and Hide, Layers provide
a permanent way to organize and manage the visibility and select-ability of objects in your file.
2.4.1 Layer Control

With NX, you can control whether objects are visible or
selectable by using Layers. A Layer is a system-defined
attribute such as color, font, and width that all objects in NX
must have. There are 256 usable layers in NX, one of which is
always the Work Layer. Any of the 256 layers can be assigned
to one of four classifications of status.
• Work
• Selectable
• Visible Only
• Invisible
The Work Layer is the layer that objects are created ON and is
always visible and selectable while it remains the Work Layer.
Layer 1 is the default Work Layer when starting a new part file.
When the Work Layer is changed to another type of layer, the
previous Work Layer automatically becomes Selectable and
can then be assigned a status of Visible Only or Invisible.
The number of objects that can be on one layer is not limited. You have the freedom to choose
whichever layer you want to create the object on and the status of that layer.
To assign a status to a layer or layers,

➢ Choose Menu → Format → Layer Settings
However, it should be noted that the use of company standards in regards to layers would be
advantageous to maintain a consistency between users and their NX files.
2.4.2 Commands in Layers

We will follow simple steps to practice the commands in Layers. First, we will create two objects
(Solids) by the method as follows. The details of Solid Modeling will be discussed in the next
chapter. The solids that we draw here are only for practice in this chapter.
➢ Choose File → New
Name the file and choose a folder in which to save it. Make sure
you select the units to be millimeters in the drop-down menu.
Choose the file type as Model
➢ Choose Menu → Insert → Design Feature → Cone

➢ Choose Diameter and Height under Type
➢ Click OK
➢ Right-click on the screen and choose Orient View →

Trimetric
➢ Right-click on the screen and choose Rendering Style → Shaded
You will be able to see a solid cone similar to the picture on right.
Now let us practice some Layer Commands.
➢ Choose Menu → Format → Move to Layer
You will be asked to select an object
➢ Move the cursor on to the Cone and click on it so that it becomes highlighted
➢ Click OK

➢ In the Destination Layer or Category space at the top of the
window, type 25 and Click OK
The Cone has now gone to the 25th layer. It can no longer be seen in Layer
1.
➢ To see the Cone, click Menu → Format → Layer Settings
➢ You can see that Layer 25 has the object whereas the default Work
Layer 1 has no objects.
The Cone will again be seen on the screen. Save the file as we will be
using it later in the tutorial.

2.5 COORDINATE SYSTEMS
There are different coordinate systems in NX. A three-axis symbol is used to

identify the coordinate system.
2.5.1 Absolute Coordinate System

The Absolute Coordinate System is the coordinate system from which all objects are referenced.
This is a fixed coordinate system and the locations and orientations of every object in NX modeling
space are related back to this system. The Absolute Coordinate System (or Absolute CSYS) also
provides a common frame of reference between part files. An absolute position at X=1, Y=1, and
Z=1 in one part file is the same location in any other part file.
The View Triad on the bottom-left provides a visual indicator that represents the
ORIENTATION of the Absolute Coordinate System of the model. Users can select
any of the faces of the View Triad square block and NX will orient the view for that
orientation.
2.5.2 Work Coordinate System

The Work Coordinate System (WCS) is what you will use for construction when you
want to determine orientations and angles of features. The axes of the WCS are
denoted XC, YC, and ZC. (The “C” stands for “current”). It is possible to have
multiple coordinate systems in a part file, but only one of them can be the work coordinate system.
2.5.3 Moving the WCS

In this section, you will learn how to move, translate and
rotate the WCS. To display the WCS (if WCS is not shown
in NX graphics window), you can hit “w” key to turn on
WCS and the WCS will turn off if you hit “w” key again.
Then, by double click on the WCS, NX will display an active
WCS with vectors and rotational balls, allowing you to
translate and rotate the WCS.
➢ Choose Menu → Format → WCS
2.5.3.1 Translate the WCS

This procedure will move the WCS origin to any point you specify, but the orientation (direction
of the axes) of the WCS will remain the same.
➢ Choose Menu → Format → WCS → Origin
The Point Constructor dialog is displayed. You either can specify

a point from the drop down menu at the top of the dialog box or
enter the X-Y-Z coordinates in the XC, YC, and ZC fields.
The majority of the work will be in relation to the Work

Coordinate System rather than the Absolute Coordinate System.
The default is the WCS.
2.5.3.2 Rotate the WCS

You can also rotate the WCS around one of its axes.
➢ Choose Menu → Format → WCS → Rotate
The dialog shows six different ways to rotate the WCS around an axis. These rotation procedures
follow the right-hand rule of rotation. You can also specify the angle to which the WCS be rotated.
You can save the current location and orientation of the WCS to use as a permanent coordinate
system.
➢ Choose Menu → Format → WCS → Save

2.6 TOOLBARS
Toolbars contain icons, which serve as shortcuts for many functions. The
figure on the right shows the main Toolbar items normally displayed.
However, you can find many more icons for different feature commands,
based on the module selected and how the module is customized.
➢ Right-Clicking anywhere on the existing toolbars gives a list of

other Toolbars. You can add any of the toolbars by checking them.
Normally, the default setting should be sufficient for most operations but
during certain operations, you might need additional toolbars. If you want
to add buttons pertaining to the commands and toolbars,
➢ Click on the pull-down arrow on any of the Toolbars and choose

Customize.
This will pop up a Customize dialog window with all the Toolbars and
commands pertaining to each Toolbar under Commands tab. To add a
command,
➢ Choose a category and drag the command from the Commands list
to the desired location.

You can customize the settings of your NX interface by clicking on the Roles tab on the Resource
Bar.
The Roles tab has different settings of the toolbar menus that
are displayed on the NX interface. It allows you to customize
the toolbars you desire to be displayed in the Interface.

CHAPTER 3 – TWO DIMENSIONAL SKETCHING
In this chapter, you will learn how to create and edit sketches in NX. You can directly create a
sketch on a Plane in Modeling application. In most cases, Modeling starts from a 2D sketch and
then Extrude, Revolve or Sweep the sketch to create solids. Many complex shapes that are
otherwise very difficult to model can easily be drawn by sketching. In this chapter, we will see
some concepts of sketching and then proceed to sketch and model some parts.
3.1 OVERVIEW
NX sketch is a feature with named set of curves joined in a string that when swept, form a solid.
The sketch represents the outer boundary of that part. The curves are created on a plane in the
sketcher. In the beginning, these curves are drawn without any exact dimensions. Then,
Dimensional Constraints as well as Geometric Constraints are applied to fully constrain the
sketch. These will be discussed in detail later in this chapter.
After sketching is completed, there are

different ways to use them to generate 3D
parts:
• A sketch can be revolved
• A sketch can be extruded

• A sketch can be swept along a guide (line):
Features created from a sketch are associated with

it; i.e., if the sketch changes so do the features.
The advantages of using sketching to create parts are:
• The curves used to create the profile outline are very flexible and can be used to model
unusual shapes.
• The curves are parametric, hence associative and they can easily be changed or removed.
• If the plane in which the sketch is drawn is changed, the sketch will be changed
accordingly.
• Sketches are useful when you want to control an outline of a feature, especially if it may
need to be changed in the future. Sketches can be edited very quickly and easily.
3.2 SKETCHING ENVIRONMENT
In NX you can create sketch using two ways. The first method creates the Sketch in the current
environment and application. For this,
➢ Choose Menu → Insert → Sketch
In the other method you can create Sketch using
➢ Choose Sketch in Home toolbar
In either case, a dialog box pop-ups asking you

to define the Sketch Plane. The screen will
display the sketch options. You can choose the
Sketch Plane, direction of sketching and type of
plane for sketching. When you create a sketch
using the Create Sketch dialog box, you can choose the plane on which

the sketch can be created by clicking on the coordinate frame as shown. This will highlight the
plane you have selected. The default plane selected is XC-YC. However, you can choose to sketch
on another plane. If there are any solid features created in the model beforehand, any of the flat
surfaces can also be used as a sketching plane.
➢ Choose the XC-YC plane and click OK
The sketch plane will appear, and the X-Y directions will be marked.
The main screen will change to the Sketching Environment. The XY plane is highlighted as the
default plane for sketching. This is the basic sketch window.
There are three useful options next to the Finish Flag.

You can change the name of the sketch in the box. The
next one is Orient to Sketch which orients the view to
the plane of the sketch. If the model file is rotated during the process of sketching, click on this
icon to view the sketch on a plane parallel to the screen Reattach attaches the sketch to a different
planar face, datum plane, or path, or changes the sketch orientation. It allows you to reattach the
sketch to the desired plane without recreating all the curves, dimensions, and constraints.
In the latest version of NX, if you want to open the sketch parts that you created from older version
NX, turn on “Use the new solver and UI for sketching” in File → Utilities → Feature Toggles
to edit parameters of the sketch without renewing the
sketch. However, if you want to modify the design of the
sketch, the sketch will need to be renewed.

3.3 SKETCH CURVE TOOLBAR
This toolbar contains icons for creating the common

types of curves and spline curves, editing,
extending, trimming, filleting etc. Each type of
curve has different methods of selection and
methods of creation. Let us discuss the most
frequently used options.
Profile
This option creates both straight lines as well as arcs depending on the icon you select in the pop-
up toolbar. You can pick the points by using the coordinate system or by entering the length and
angle of the line as shown in the following figures.

Line
This option will selectively create only straight lines.
Arc
This option creates arcs by either of two methods. The first option creates arc with three sequential
points as shown below.
The second option creates the arc with a center point, radius and sweep angle or by center point
with a start point and end point. The illustration is shown below.
Circle
Creating a circle is similar to creating an arc, except that circle is closed.
Quick Trim

This trims the extending curves from the points of intersection of the curves. This option reads
every entity by splitting them if they are intersected by another entity and erases the portion
selected.
Studio Spline
You can create basic spline curves (B-spline

and Bezier) with poles or through points
with the desired degree of the curve. The
spline will be discussed in detail in the
seventh chapter (Freeform Features).
3.4 CONSTRAINTS TOOLBAR
All the curves are created by picking points.

For example, a straight line is created with two points. In a 2D environment, any point has two
degrees of freedom, one along X and another along Y axis. The number of points depends on the
type of curve being created. Therefore, a curve entity has twice the number of degrees of freedom
than the number of points it comprises. These degrees of freedom can be removed by creating a
constraint with a fixed entity. In fact, it is recommended that you remove all these degrees of
freedom (making the sketch Fully Constrained) by relating the entities directly or indirectly to the
fixed entities. It can be done by giving dimensional or geometric properties like Parallelism,
Perpendicularity, etc.
In NX smart constraints are applied automatically, i.e. automatic dimensions or geometrical

constraints are interpreted by NX. You can see this option when you enter the draft feature. The
following paragraphs show how to manually apply constraints.

Dimensional Constraints
The degrees of freedom can be eliminated by giving dimensions with fixed entities like axes,
planes, the coordinate system or any existing solid geometries created in the model. These
dimensions can be linear, radial, angular etc. You can edit the dimensional values at any time
during sketching by double-clicking on the dimension.
Geometric Constraints
Besides the dimensional constraints, some geometric constraints can be given to eliminate the
degrees of freedom. They include coincident, collinear, horizontal, vertical, tangent, parallel,
perpendicular, equal, symmetric and mid-point aligned. You could freely apply constraints on lines
and curves depends on your needs.
Coincident:

A coincident constraint is applied on two circles in the below picture to aligned small circle to the
large circle.
Tangent:
A tangent constraint is applied on the line (orange) and circle (green) to make the line is tangent
to the circle.
Parallel:
A parallel constraint is applied on the line in the below picture to be parallel to the left side of the
rectangle (the line was originally at an angle with the rectangle).

Fix Curve Constraints
You can apply Fix Curve constraints on curves by clicking this icon to fix curves.
Show Movable
Show you the curves those are fixed (grey color) and movable (brown color).
3.5 EXAMPLES
3.5.1 Arbor Press Base

An arbor press base will be modeled in this example using NX
Sketch as shown in the right figure.

➢ Create a new file and save it as Arborpress_base.prt
➢ Click on the Sketch button and click OK (default X-Y plane)
➢ Draw a figure similar to the one shown on right. While making

continuous sketch, click on the Line icon on the Profile dialog box to
create straight lines and the Arc icon to make the semicircle. (Look at
the size of the XY plane in the figure. Use that perspective for the
approximate zooming). For those parts are symmetrical, you only
need to create half of part and use the mirror feature to create the
whole part.
Now we have to create the Dimensional constraints.
➢ Choose the Rapid Dimension icon in the Solve toolbar (right click) to add all the
dimensions as shown in the following figure and specify the values by double-click left
mouse bottom dimensions to change dimensions
Now, we have finished a half of the part. The mirror feature will help create the other half
efficiently. Click Mirror in the Curve Box → select the curves you draw → select Centerline
(indicated by red arrow) to create the whole part.

➢ Click on the Finish Flag on the top left corner or bottom right of the screen when you
are finished
➢ Click on the sketch and select Extrude (this Feature is explained in detail in the next
sections)

➢ Extrude this sketch in the Z-direction by 60 mm
➢ Save and close the file
3.5.2 Impeller Lower Casing

➢ Create a new file in inches and save it as Impeller_lower_casing.prt
➢ Click Menu → Insert → Sketch or click Sketch icon from the ribbon bar
➢ Set the sketching plane as the XC-YC plane and click OK
➢ Make sure the Profile window is showing and draw the following curve

Line 2
Curve 1
Line 1
Curve 2
➢ Create a reference line at the X-axis: clicking the line in the Curve group and create a line
aligned with X-axis. Then, click right-mouse bottom on the line to convert the solid line to
reference line.
Next, we will constrain the curve
➢ Use Tangent constraint to make all of the curve-lines and curve-curve joints
Tangent
➢ Use Rapid Dimension to apply the dimensional constraints and change dimensions by
double clicking left-mouse bottom, as shown in the figure below

➢ Quickly select all the dimensions: After change to Dimension in No Selection Filter,
select all dimensions.
➢ Right click on any dimensions and Hide the dimensions
➢ Choose Offset in Curve Group from the ribbon bar
➢ Select all the curves. You should see 4 objects being selected in Select Object
➢ Enter the Distance to be 0.5 inch

➢ Click OK
➢ Then join the end-points at the two ends using the basic curves (line) to complete the sketch
The sketch is ready.
➢ Select 4 curves on bottom side and Choose Offset in Curve Group from the ribbon bar
➢ You should see 4 objects being selected in Select Object
➢ Click OK

This will form a curve outside the casing.
➢ Using straight lines join this curve with the inside curve of the casing
It will form a closed chain curve as shown.
Now we will create the curve required for outside of the casing on the smaller side which will form
the flange portion.
➢ Choose Edit → Move Object
➢ Select the outer line as shown in the figure below
➢ Select the outer line as shown in the figure below and Choose Offset in Curve Group
from the ribbon bar
➢ You should see 1 object being selected in Select Object
➢ Click OK

➢ Move the lower curve in the XC-direction by -0.5 inches. This is the same
as translating it in the negative XC-direction by 0.5 inches
➢ Using straight lines join the two lines (red arrows) as shown in the figure
on right side
➢ Click on the Finish Flag
➢ Save and Close the file
We will use this sketching in the next chapter to model the Impeller Lower Casing.
3.5.3 Impeller
➢ Create a new file in inches and save it as Impeller_impeller.prt
➢ Click on Sketch to create the profile of the Impeller
➢ Set the sketching plane as the XC-YC plane and click OK
➢ Click on Menu → Insert → Point or click Point from

Curve group in the ribbon bar
➢ Use point dialog to create two Points, one at the

origin (0, 0, 0) and one at (11.75, 6, 0)
➢ Click on the Arc icon on the side toolbar and click on the Arc by Center and Endpoints
icon in the pop-up toolbar

➢ Click on the point at the origin and create an arc with a radius of 1.5 and a sweep angle 180
degrees similar to the one shown in the figure below
➢ Click on the point at (11.75, 6, 0) and create an arc with a radius

of 0.5
➢ Click on the Arc by 3 Points icon in the pop-up toolbar
➢ Select the top endpoints of the two arcs you just created and click somewhere in between
to create another arc that connects them. Do the same for the bottom endpoints
➢ Click on the Tangent Constraints icon in the Ribbon toolbar and make sure that all
the arcs are Tangent to one another at their endpoints
➢ Click on the point at the origin and click on the Fix Curve icon
➢ Then click on the Rapid Dimension icon

➢ Give the Radius dimensions for each arc. Edit dimensions so that the two arcs on the end
are 1.5 and 0.5 inches and the two middle arcs are 18 and 15 inches as shown in the figure
below
➢ Click on the Finish Flag
➢ Save and Close the file.
We will use this sketching in the next chapter to model the Impeller.

3.6 EXERCISES
3.6.1 Circular Base

One of models that we will use in several chapters of this manual for various purposes is a
simplified arbor press having more than ten components. We modeled one of these components in
example 3.5.1 of this chapter. Another component is a circular base used to hold a workpiece under
the press. Use the dimensions given below to model the circular base (dimension in millimeters).
Note: thickness = 30. (review the Sketch of Circular Base)

3.6.2 Sketching of a Holder
In one of the exercises in chapter 4, you will be asked to model a holder. Multiple 2D sketches
will be required to model the 3D holder. As a starting point for that exercise, model the 2D
sketching shown in the figure below and save the file (all dimensions are in inches).

CHAPTER 4 – THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELING
This chapter discusses the basics of three-dimensional (3D) modeling in NX. We will discuss what
a feature is, what the different types of features are, what primitives are, and how to model features
in NX using primitives. This will give a head start to the modeling portion of NX and develop an
understanding of the use of Form Features for 3D modeling. Once these features are introduced,
we will focus on Feature Operations which are functions that can be applied to the faces and edges
of a solid body or features you have created. These include taper, edge blend, face blend, chamfer,
trim, etc. After explaining the feature operations, the chapter will walk you through some
examples.
In NX, Features are a class of objects that have a defined parent. Features are associatively defined
by one or more parents and the order of their creation and modification retain within the model,
thus capturing it through the History. Parents can be geometrical objects or numerical variables.
Features include primitives, surfaces and/or solids and certain wire frame objects (such as curves
and associative trim and bridge curves). For example, some common features include blocks,
cylinders, cones, spheres, extruded bodies, and revolved bodies.
Commonly Features can be classified as follows:
- Body: A class of objects containing solids and sheets
- Solid Body: A collection of faces and edges that enclose a volume
- Sheet Body: A collection of one or more faces that do not enclose a volume
- Face: A region on the outside of a body enclosed by edges
4.1 TYPES OF FEATURES
There are six types of Form Features: Primitives, Reference features, Swept features, Remove
features, Extract features, and User-defined features. NX stores all the Form Features under the
Insert menu option. The form features are also available in the Form Features Toolbar.
➢ Click Insert on the Menu

As you can see, the marked menus in the figure on the right side contain
the commands of Form Features. The Form Feature icons are grouped
in the Home Toolbar as shown below. You can choose the icons that you
use frequently.
➢ Click on the drop down arrow at the bottom right of Ribbon

Toolbar
➢ Choose Base Group
4.1.1 Primitives
NX enable you create solid bodies in the form of generic building shapes.
Primitives include:
• Block
• Cylinder
• Cone
• Sphere
Primitives are the primary entities. Hence, we will begin with a short description of primitives and
then proceed to modeling various objects.

➢ To create primitives’ geometries:
Menu → Insert → Design Feature as shown the right
figure.
4.1.2 Reference Features

These features enable you to create reference points,
reference axes, reference plane, or reference coordinates,
which can be used for constructing other features.
➢ Click on Menu → Insert → Datum or click on

Datum Plane in Construction group in the
ribbon bar to view the different Reference
Feature options: Datum Plane, Datum Axis, and
Datum CSYS
4.1.3 Swept Features

These NX features enable you to create bodies by extruding or revolving sections. Swept Features
include:
• Extruded Body

• Revolved Body
• Sweep along Guide
• Tube
• Styled Sweep
To select a swept feature, you can do the following:
➢ Click on Insert → Design Feature for Extrude and Revolve or

click on Extrude in Base group in the ribbon bar
OR
➢ Click on Insert → Sweep or click on Surface in
Base group in the ribbon bar to find all the options
available including Sweep
4.1.4 Remove Features
Remove Features let you create tool bodies and use them to
remove solid shapes from 3D geometry.
➢ Click on Insert → Design Feature
Remove Features include:
• Hole
• Emboss
• Groove
• Rib
• Lattice
4.1.5 Extract Features
These features let you create geometries / bodies by extracting curves, faces and regions. These
features are widely spaced under Associative Copy and Offset/Scale menus. Extract Features
include:
• Extract
• Solid to Shell
• Thicken Sheet
• Bounded plane

• Sheet from curves
Click on Insert → Associative Copy → Extract for Extract options or click on More in
Base group in the ribbon bar of Home to find Extract Geometry
➢ Click on Insert → Offset/Scale for Solid to Shell and Thicken Sheet Assistant or click on
Shell in Base group in the ribbon bar of Home or Thicken in Base group in the ribbon bar
of Surface to find Offset/Scale options
➢ Click on Insert → Surface for Bounded Plane and Sheet from curves

4.1.6 User-Defined features
These custom build features allow you to create your own sets of formed features to automate
commonly used design elements. You can use user-defined features to extend the range and power
of the built-in form features.
➢ Click on Insert → Design Feature → User Defined
4.2 PRIMITIVES
Primitive features are base features from which many other features can be created. The basic
primitives are blocks, cylinders, cones and spheres. Primitives are non-associative which means
they are not associated to the geometry used to create them.
Note that usually Swept Features are used to create Primitives instead of the commands mentioned
here.
4.2.1 Model a Block

➢ Create a new file and name it as Arborpress_plate.prt
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Block or click on

the Block icon in the Form Feature Toolbar
The Block window appears. There are three main things to define
a block, which are the Type, Origin and the Dimensions of the
block. To access the Types, scroll the drop-down menu under
Type. There are three ways to create a block primitive:
• Origin and Edge Lengths

• Height and Two Points
• Two Diagonal Points
➢ Make sure the Origin and Edge Lengths method is selected
Now, we will choose the origin using the Point Constructor:
➢ Click on the Point Dialog icon under the Origin

The Point Constructor dialog box will open. The XC, YC, ZC points
should have a default value of 0.
➢ Click OK
The Block window will reappear again.
➢ Type the following dimensions in the window
Length (XC) = 65 inches
Width (YC) = 85 inches
Height (ZC) = 20 inches
➢ Click OK
If you do not see anything on the screen,
➢ Right-click (MB3) and select FIT. You can also press <Ctrl> + F
➢ Right-click on the screen and click on Orient View →Trimetric
You should be able to see the complete plate solid model. Save and close the part file.
4.2.2 Model a Shaft

Let’s move on to model a shaft having two cylinders and one cone
joined together using Primitives.
➢ Create a new file and save it as Impeller_shaft.prt

➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Cylinder or click on More in Base group in the
ribbon bar of Home to find Cylinder in Design Feature section
Similar to the Block, there are three things that need to be defined to create a cylinder: Type, Axis
& Origin, and Dimensions.
A Cylinder can be defined by two types which can be obtained by scrolling the drop-down menu
under Type
• Axis, Diameter, and Height

• Arc and Height
➢ Select Axis, Diameter, and Height
➢ Click on the Vector Constructor icon next to Specify Vector

and select the ZC Axis icon
➢ Click on the Point Dialog icon next to Specify Point to set the
origin of the cylinder
➢ Set all the XC, YC, and ZC coordinates to be 0
You can see that the selected point is the origin of WCS
➢ In the next dialog box of the window, type in the following values
Diameter = 4 inches
Height = 18 inches
➢ Click OK
➢ Right-click on the screen, choose Orient View → Isometric
The cylinder will look as shown on the right. Now we will create a cone at one end
of the cylinder.
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Cone or click on More in Feature group in the ribbon
bar of Home to find Cone in Design Feature section
Similar to Block and Cylinder, there are various ways to create a cone which can be seen by
scrolling the drop-down menu in the Type box.
• Diameters and Height

• Diameters and Half Angle
• Base Diameter, Height, and Half Angle
• Top Diameter, Height, and Half Angle
• Two Coaxial Arcs
➢ Select Diameters and Height
➢ Click on the Vector Constructor icon next to

Specify Vector
➢ Choose the ZC-Axis icon so the vector is

pointing in the positive Z direction
➢ Click on the Point Constructor icon next to

Specify Point to set the origin of the cylinder.
The Point Constructor window will appear next.
➢ Choose the Arc/Ellipse/Sphere Center icon on

the dialog box and click on the top circular edge of the cylinder
OR
➢ For the Point Dialog, type in the following values:
XC = 0; YC = 0; ZC = 18
➢ Click OK
➢ In the Cone Window, type in the following values:
Base Diameter = 4 inches

Top Diameter = 6 inches
Height = 10 inches
➢ On the Boolean Operation window, choose Unite and select the cylinder
➢ Click OK
Now the cone will appear on top of the cylinder. The shaft is as shown on right.

Now we will create one more cylinder on top of the cone.
➢ Repeat the same procedure as before to create another Cylinder. The vector
should be pointing in the positive ZC-direction. On the Point Constructor
window, again click on the Center icon and construct it at the center point of
the base of the cone. The cylinder should have a diameter of 6 inches and a
height of 20 inches. Unite the cylinder with the old structure.
The complete shaft will look as shown in the right figure. Do not forget to save the
model.
Another option of using the primitives features to model this shaft, it can also be
quickly modeled by using Sketch and Revolve feature, this is more recommended
approach to create geometries.
➢ Click Sketch and choose XC-YC plane
➢ Use Line feature to draw the draft as shown in the right (Unit: inch)
➢ Click Finish
➢ Click Revolve in BASE feature
➢ Select all Curves
➢ Use Inferred Vector to choose the red line as the revolve axis as shown in
the bottom-right figure
➢ Click OK

➢ The shaft is modeled as showing below
➢ Save the model
4.3 REFERENCE FEATURES
4.3.1 Datum Plane

Datum Planes are reference features that can be used as a base feature in constructing other
features. They assist in creating features on
cylinders, cones, spheres, and revolved solid
bodies which do not have a planar surface and
also aid in creating features at angles other than
normal to the faces of the target solid. We will
follow some simple steps to practice Reference
Features. For starters, we will create a Datum Plane that is offset from a base face as shown in the
figure above.
➢ “Open the model Arborpress_plate.prt”
➢ Choose Insert → Datum → Datum Plane
The Datum Plane dialog can also be opened by clicking the icon as shown in the figure below
from the Construction Toolbar.

The Datum Plane window allows you to choose the method of selection. However, NX is smart
enough to judge the method depending on the entity you select if you keep in Inferred option,
which is also the Default option.
➢ Click on the top surface of the block so that it becomes highlighted
The vector displays the positive offset direction that the datum plane will be created in. If you had
selected the bottom face, the vector would have pointed downward, away from the solid.
➢ Set the Offset Distance value as 15 inches in the dialog box and click OK
➢ If you don’t see the complete model and plane, right-click and select FIT (or double click
anywhere on the blank screen of design space in NX).
4.3.2 Datum Axis

In this part, you are going to create a Datum Axis. A Datum Axis is a reference feature that can be
used to create Datum Planes, Revolved Features, Extruded Bodies, etc. It can be created either
relative to another object or as a fixed axis (i.e., not referencing, and not constrained by other
geometric objects).

➢ Choose Insert → Datum → Datum Axis
The Datum Axis dialog can also be opened by clicking the icon as shown
in the figure on the right from the Construction toolbar.
The next window allows you to choose the method of selecting the axis.
Note that NX can judge which method to use depending on the entity you
select.
There are various ways to make a Datum Axis. They include Point and Direction, Two Points, Two
Planes, etc.
➢ Select the two points on the block as shown in the figure

on the right
➢ Click OK
The Datum Axis will be a diagonal as shown.
4.4 DESIGN FEATURES
Two important Design Features (Extrude and Revolve) are discussed here using a practical
example which is the continuation of the lower casing of the impeller which we started in the
previous chapter.
➢ Open the Impeller_lower_casing.prt (created in Chapter 3.5.2)
In the previous section, we finished the two dimensional sketching of this part and it should look
similar to the below figure.

➢ Click on Insert → Design Feature → Revolve
OR
➢ Click on the Revolve button in the Base Group
Make sure that the Selection Filter is set to Single Curve as shown below on the Selection Filter
Toolbar
➢ Click on each of the 10 curves as shown in the next figure
➢ In the Axis dialog box, in the Specify Vector option choose the Positive XC-direction

➢ In the Specify Point option, open Point Dialog enter the coordinates (0, 0, 0) so the curve
revolves around XC-axis with respect to the origin
➢ Keep the Start Angle as 0 and enter 180 as the value

for the End Angle
➢ Click OK
The solid is shown on the right. Now, we will create the

edges.
➢ Click on Insert → Design Feature → Extrude
OR
➢ Click on the Extrude button in the Base Group
➢ Select the outer curve of the casing as shown in the figure below (again make sure that the
Selection Filter is set to Single Curve).

Note: In case you are not able to select the proper lines, left-click and
hold the mouse button and you will see a dialog box pop-up as shown
which will provide you the options of which curve to select.
➢ Extrude this piece in the negative Z-direction by 0.5 inches
The final solid will be seen as follows.
We will now use the Mirror option to create an edge on the other side.
➢ Choose Edit → Transform
➢ Select the solid edge as shown. For this you

will have to change the Filter in the dialog box
to Solid Body
➢ Click OK
➢ Choose Mirror Through a Plane
➢ Select the XC-ZC Plane as shown below
➢ Click OK
➢ Select Copy
➢ Click Cancel
The edge will be mirrored to the other side as shown below.

We will now create a flange at the smaller opening of the casing as shown.
➢ Click on Insert → Design Feature → Revolve
Again, make sure that the Selection Filter is set to Single Curve. The default Inferred Curve option
will select the entire sketch instead of individual curves.
➢ Revolve this rectangle in the positive XC-direction relative to the Origin just like for the
casing. The End Angle should be 180
This will form the edge as shown below.
The lower casing is completed. Do not forget to save the model.

4.5 REMOVE FEATURES
Remove Features enable you to remove a portion of the existing 3d geometry or geometries to
create an object with additional features that are part of the design, which are illustrated below.
4.5.1 General Hole

This option lets you create Simple, Counterbored, Countersunk and Tapered holes in solid bodies.
➢ Open the file Arborpress_plate.prt
➢ Choose Insert → Design Features → Hole
OR
➢ Click on the icon in the Feature Toolbar as shown
The Hole feature dialog will open. There are various selections that need to be done prior to making
the holes. First you need to select the Type of the hole.

➢ Select the default Simple
Next, you need to define the points at which you need to make the
holes.
➢ Click on the Sketch Section icon in the Position dialog box

and choose the top face of the plate as the Sketch Plane
➢ Click OK
This will take you to the Sketch Plane.
➢ Click on Point Feature and the Point Dialog icon and specify all the points as
given in the table below
X Y Z
11.25 10.00 0.00
32.50 23.50 0.00
53.75 10.00 0.00
11.25 75.00 0.00
32.50 61.50 0.00
53.75 75.00 0.00

➢ Click OK after you enter the coordinates of each point
➢ Click Close once you have entered all the points
➢ Click on Finish flag in the top left corner of the window
This will take you out of the Sketch mode and bring back to the original Hole window on the
graphics screen.
➢ In the Form dialog, choose the default option of Simple Hole
➢ Enter the following values in the Dimensions window
Diameter = 8 inches
Depth = 25 inches
Tip Angle = 118 degrees
➢ Choose Subtract in the Boolean dialog box and click OK
Make sure to save the model
4.5.2 Slot
This NX Slot option lets you create a passage through or into
a solid body in the shape of a straight slot. An automatic
subtract is performed on the current target solid. It can be
rectangular, T-slot, U-Slot, Ball end or Dovetail. An example
is shown on the right. Later releases of NX, Slot is command
has been “hidden” or becomes a Legacy function, you can use
command finder to locate this function within NX.
4.5.3 Groove
This NX Groove option lets you create a groove in a solid body, as if a form tool
moved inward (from an external placement face) or outward (from an internal
placement face) on a revolving part, as with a turning operation. An example is
shown on the right.

Note: Pocket, Slot, and Groove features are not commonly used in best practice. All the models
created using these features can be modeled using 2D Sketches and Extrude/Revolve.
4.6 FEATURE OPERATIONS
Feature Operations are performed on the basic Form Features to smooth corners, create tapers,
make threads, do instancing and unite or subtract certain solids from other solids. Some of the
Feature Operations are explained below.
4.6.1 Edge Blend

An Edge Blend is a radius blend that is tangent to the blended faces with controls of which
type of tangencies implies. This feature modifies a solid body by rounding selected edges.
This command can be found under Insert → Detail Feature → Edge Blend. You can also
click on its icon in the Base Group. You need to select the edges to be blended and define the
Radius of the Blend as shown below.
Similar to Edge Blend you can also do a Face Blend by selecting two adjacent faces.
4.6.2 Chamfer
The NX Chamfer Function operates very similarly to the Blend Function by adding or subtracting
material relative to whether the edge is an outside chamfer or an inside chamfer. This command
Chamfer can be found in the Base group of Home. You need to select the edges to be
chamfered and define the Distance of the Chamfer as shown below.

In the Cross Section, Asymmetric could model chamfer edge with different distances in each side

4.6.3 Thread
Threads can only be created on cylindrical faces. The NX
Thread Function lets you create Symbolic or Detailed
threads (on solid bodies) that are right or left handed,
external or internal, on cylindrical faces such as Holes,
Bosses, or Cylinders. It also lets you select the method of
creating the threads such as cut, rolled, milled or ground.
You can create different types of threads such as metric,
unified, acme and so on. To use this command, go to
Insert → Design Feature → Thread.
An example of a Detailed Thread is shown on the right.
An example of a Symbolic Thread is shown below
You can see the actual thread using Detailed Thread. However, we highly recommend you use
the Symbolic Thread instead of Detailed Thread because modeling the actual threads in your
model will increase the burden of graphics card and slow down your graphic process speed and
performance. This will become more evident when you are opening or loading a part or
assembly with detailed threads.
For Threaded Holes, it is recommended to use Hole command with

Threaded mode instead of using Thread command (Insert → Design
Feature → Hole), this is due to the fact for reducing the number of
features in the design.

Note: use hole command with Treaded mode to create threaded hole will only show Symbolic
Thread (left figure) instead of actual thread. If you need to show the real thread in your hole (right
figure), you still need to use Thread command (Insert → Design Feature → Hole).
4.6.4 Trim Body

You can use the Trim Body function to trim a
solid body with a sheet body or a Datum Plane,
and at the same time retain parameters and
associativity. To use this command, go to
Insert → Trim → Trim Body or click on its icon

in the Feature Group. An example is shown on
the right.
4.6.5 Split Body

A solid body can be split into two bodies by a plane
or a sheet body. To use this command, go to
Insert → Trim → Split Body or click on its icon in the

Feature Group. An example is shown on the right.
4.6.6 Mirror
Mirror is a type of Associative Copy in which a solid
body is created by mirroring the body with respect to

a plane. To use this command, go to Insert → Associative Copy → Mirror Feature or click on its
icon in the Mirror Feature in the Base group of Ribbon Bar. An example is shown below.
4.6.7 Pattern
A Design Feature or a Detail Feature can be made into dependent copies in the form of a Pattern
Array. It can be Linear, Circular, Polygon, Spiral, etc. This particularly helpful feature saves
plenty of time and modeling when you have similar features. For example, threads of a gear or
holes on a mounting plate, etc. This command can be found under Insert → Associative Copy →
Pattern Feature. You can also click on its icon in the Feature Group. An example is shown below.

4.6.8 Boolean Operations
There are three types of Boolean Operations: Unite, Subtract,
and Intersect. These options can be used when two or more
solid bodies share the same model space in the part file. To
use this command, go to Insert → Combine or click on their
icons in the Feature Group. Consider two solids given: a
block and a cylinder are next to each other as shown on the
right.
4.6.8.1 Unite
The unite command adds the Tool body with the Target body. For the above example, the output
will be as follows if Unite option is used.
When Unit command of two similar geometries as shown below,

where there is a hole through the center of the cylinder, you can
remove the extra section of rectangle that interferes with the hole
by selecting / expanding the Region Option during the Unit
operation.
Select the Target Body → select Tool Body → select Define

Regions → (option Keep or Remove) → select Remove.
The interfered section of rectangle is removed as shown below.

4.6.8.2 Subtract
When using the subtract option, the Tool Body is subtracted from the Target Body. The following
would be the output if the Block is used as the Target and the Cylinder as the Tool.
4.6.8.3 Intersect

This command leaves the volume that is common to both the Target Body and the Tool Body. The
output is shown below.
4.6.9 Move
If you want to Move an object with respect to a fixed entity,
➢ Click on Edit → Move Object
You can select the type of motion from the Motion drop-down menu. The default option is
Dynamic. With this you can move the object in any direction. There are several other ways of
moving the object.
If you choose Distance you can move the selected object in the X-Y-Z direction by the distance
that you enter.

➢ Click on Specify Vector and select the direction.
➢ For example, type 7 in the Distance box. This will translate the cylinder a distance of 7
inches along X-Axis
➢ Click OK
As you can see, we have moved the cylinder along the X-direction. Similarly, we can also copy
the cylinder by a specified distance or to a specified location by selecting the Copy Original option
in the Result.
4.7 EXAMPLES
4.7.1 Hexagonal Screw

➢ Create a new file and save it as Impeller_hexa-bolt.prt
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Cylinder
➢ The cylinder should be pointing in the Positive

ZC-Direction with the center set at the Origin
and with the following dimensions:
Diameter = 0.25 inches

Height = 1.5 inches
Now create a small step cylinder on top of the existing
cylinder.

➢ Create a Cylinder with the following dimensions:
Height = 0.0156 inches
➢ Click on the top face of the existing cylinder
➢ On the Point Constructor window, choose the Arc/Ellipse/Sphere

Center icon from the drop-down Type menu
➢ Click OK to close the Point Constructor window
➢ Under the Boolean drop-down menu, choose Unite
The two cylinders should look like the figure shown on the right.
➢ Click Sketch and choose the top surface of thin cylinder and OK
➢ Choose Insert → Curve → Polygon
➢ Select the center of the top circle as the Center Point
➢ On the Sides window, type 6 for the Number of Sides
There are three ways to draw the polygon.
• Inscribed Radius
• Circumscribed Radius
• Side Length
➢ Choose Side Length and enter the following dimensions:
Length = 0.246 inches

Rotation = 0.00 degree
➢ Click OK
Now we will extrude this polygon.
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature

→ Extrude

➢ Choose the Hexagon Sketch to be extruded
➢ Enter the End Distance as 0.1876 inches
The model looks like the figure on the right after

extrusion.
➢ On top of the cylinder that has a diameter of

0.387 inches, insert another cylinder with the
following dimensions.

You will only be able to see this cylinder when the
model is in Static Wireframe since the cylinder is inside the hexagon head. The model will look
like the following.
We will now use the feature operation Revolve.
➢ Click Sketch and make a drawing like figure below on X-Z Plane

➢ Finish
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Revolve
➢ Choose 6 curves from the sketch
➢ Click Specify Vector and choose ZC axis
➢ Click Specify Point to (0,0,0) in Point Dialog
➢ Choose Substract in Boolean operation
➢ OK

This will give you the hexagonal bolt as shown.
Now we will add Threading to the hexagonal bolt.
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Thread
➢ Choose Detailed
➢ Keep the Handedness to be Right Hand
➢ Click on the bolt shaft (the long cylinder below

the hexagon head)
Once the shaft is selected, all the values will be

displayed in the Thread window. Keep all these default
values.
➢ Click OK
The hexagon bolt should now look like the figure on the
right. Save the model.
4.7.2 Hexagonal Nut

Additional reference material regarding how to create Hexagonal Nut.

➢ Create a new Model file and save it as Impeller_hexa-nut.prt
➢ Click Sketch and choose X-Y plane
➢ Choose Insert → Curve → Polygon
➢ Input Number of Sides to be 6
➢ Create a hexagon with each side measuring 0.28685 inches and Rotation of 0 degree and
constructed at the Origin
➢ Finish
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Extrude
➢ Select the Hexagon to be extruded and enter the End Distance as 0.125 inches
The figure of the model is shown.
➢ Click Sketch and make a drawing like figure

below on Y-Z Plane
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Revolve
➢ Choose 3 curves of triangle from the sketch
➢ Click Specify Vector and choose ZC axis
➢ Click Specify Point to (0,0,0) in Point Dialog

➢ Choose Substract in Boolean operation
➢ OK
The model will look like the following.
We will now use a Mirror command to create

the other side of the Nut.
➢ Choose Menu → Edit → Transform
➢ Select the model and click OK
➢ Click Mirror Through a Plane
➢ Click on the flat side of the model as shown. Be careful not to select any edges
➢ Click on OK
➢ Click on Copy
➢ Click Cancel
You will get the following model.
➢ Choose Insert → Combine → Unite
➢ Select the two halves and Unite them

➢ Insert a Cylinder with the vector pointing in the ZC-Direction and with the following
dimensions:
Height = 1 inch
Put the cylinder on the Origin and Subtract this cylinder

from the hexagonal nut
Now, we will chamfer the inside edges of the nut.
➢ Choose Insert → Detail Feature → Chamfer
➢ Select the two inner edges as shown and click OK
➢ Enter the Distance as 0.0436 inches and click OK
You will see the chamfer on the nut. Save the model.

4.7.3 L-Bar
Here, we will use Extrude Feature Operations to efficiently create this L-Bar.
➢ Create a new file and save it as Arborpress_L-bar
➢ Click Sketch and make a drawing like figure below on X-Y Plane
➢ Finish
➢ Select Sketch curves above and change the width to Symmetric Value with the distance
of 65 inches
➢ Click OK

➢ Click Sketch and choose X-Y Plane like right figure
➢ Make a drawing like figure below
➢ Finish
➢ Select Sketch curves above and change the width to Symmetric Value with the distance
of 20 inches
➢ Change Boolean to Subtract

➢ OK
➢ Click Hole in the Base group of Ribbon

bar and choose right plane of L-bar as
reference plane
➢ Use Point Dialog to specify these points:
(182,275,21.25), (182,210,21.25)
(182,275,-21.25), (182,210,-21.25)
➢ Specify Hole Depth of 20 inches and Hole Diameter

of 8 inches
➢ OK
You model should now look like the figure below. Save the
model.
4.7.4 Rack
➢ Create a new part file and save it as Arborpress_rack.prt
➢ Right-click, then choose Orient View → Isometric
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Block
➢ Click Point Dialog in Specify Point and choose (0,0,0) as the reference point

➢ Click OK
➢ Dimensions:
XC: 240, YC: 25, ZC: 20
The extruded body will appear as shown on the right.
➢ Click Sketch and choose top surface of

rectangular bar
➢ Make a drawing like figure below
➢ Use Pattern Feature to quickly duplicate these curves.
➢ Select 4 curves and select Vertical

Sketch Axis in Select Linear Object like
right figure shown
➢ Enter 19 in Count and 9.4 inches in

Pitch Distance
➢ Click Reverse Direction sign
➢ OK

➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature →
Extrude
➢ Select Sketch curves above
➢ Choose -ZC direction in the Specify

Vector
➢ Change End to Until Next in Limits

section
➢ Change Boolean to Subtract as shown in

the right figure
The model of the Rack will look as the one shown in the figure.
We will now create a Hole at the center of the rectangular cross section. To determine the center
of the cross-section of the rectangular rack, we make use of the Snap Points
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Cylinder
➢ Choose –XC-Direction in the Specify Vector dialog box
➢ Click on the Point Dialog
➢ In the Points dialog box select Between

Two Points option and select the points
as shown in the figure on the right
(diagonally opposite points). The option
selects the midpoint of the face for us
➢ Click OK

➢ Enter the following values in the Dimension dialog box
Diameter = 10 inches
Height = 20 inches
➢ Choose Subtract in the Boolean dialog box
The final model is shown below. Save and close the model.
4.7.5 Impeller
Open the Impeller_impeller.prt file you made in Chapter 3. It should like the figure below.
We will complete the Impeller but let us model a cone first.
➢ Choose Insert → Design Feature → Cone

➢ Select Diameters and Height
➢ Select the –XC-Direction in the Specify Vector dialog box
➢ In the Point Dialog, enter the coordinates (14, 0, 0).
➢ Enter the following dimensions:
Base Diameter = 15 inches

Top Diameter = 8 inches
The cone will be seen as shown below if you choose Static
Wireframe View.
➢ Extrude the Airfoil curve in the Z-direction by 12 inches
➢ Unite the two solids in the Boolean operation dialog box
The model will be as follows.
Now let us create five instances of this blade to make the impeller
blades.
➢ Click on Insert → Associative Copy → Pattern Feature
➢ Select the Airfoil you just created
➢ Select Circular layout
➢ Select the XC-Direction for the Specify Vector and the Origin for the Specify Point
➢ For Count, type in 5 and for Pitch Angle, enter 72
➢ Click OK

➢
Now, let us create two holes in the cone for the shaft and the locking pin. Note that these holes can
also be created by Hole menu option.
➢ Subtract a cylinder with a Diameter of 4 inches and a

Height of 16 inches from the side of the cone with the
larger diameter
➢ Subtract another cylinder with a Diameter of 0.275

inches and a Height of 0.25 inches from the side of the
cone with the smaller diameter
The final model will look like the figure on the right. Save and
close your work.
4.8 STANDARD PARTS LIBRARY
A better and faster approach for modeling standard parts like bolts, nuts, pins, screws, and washers
is using the Standard Parts Library. For example, to model a hexagonal bolt,
➢ Choose Reuse Library → Reuse Examples → Standard Parts → ANSI Inch → Bolt
➢ Right-click on Hex Head
➢ Click on Open Source Folder
➢ Open Hex Bolt, AI.prt
You can now go to Part Navigator to see all

the steps taken toward modeling this part
and modify any feature. For example, to
modify the length of the bolt, right-click on
Extrude (8) “BODY_EXTRUDE” and
choose Edit Parameters.
4.9 SYNCHRONOUS TECHNOLOGY
One of the important and unique features which NX offers apart from Design Features and
Freeform Modeling is Synchronous Technology. With the options available in Synchronous
Modeling group in the ribbon bar in the Modeling Application tab, the user can modify complex
3D models without the model history tree and without knowing the feature relationships and
dependencies. The “push-and-pull” options can be used to modify the 3D model using faces, edges
and cross-sections. NX supports the Synchronous Modeling to work with 3D models from CATIA,
Pro/ENGINEER®, SolidWorks®, and Autodesk Inventor®, apart from the standard formats
including IGES, ISO/STEP and JT.
For the purpose of illustrating the options available in Synchronous Modeling, let us consider the
impeller part modeled in the previous section and export it as standard STEP format and save it.
➢ Open a new file in NX
➢ Choose File → Import → Impeller_impeller.stp
Observe here that the .stp file would not have any model history.
We will explore some of the options available in the Synchronous
Modeling group in the ribbon bar. Click More to view a
comprehensive list of options available in synchronous modeling.
➢ Click Delete Face and select the faces of the blade to delete the blade
➢ Repeat the process and delete all except one blade. The part should look as shown below.
➢ Click Replace Face and select the end face of the blade with large blend radius as Face to
Replace and select the flat surface of the cone with smaller diameter as the Replacement
Face to delete the blade.
The part should look as shown below.
➢ Click Move Face and select one side of the blade and enter distance -30 and angle 20 in
the transform section
➢ Click Resize Blend and select the blended surface of the blade and enter radius as 7 mm
to sharpen the end
➢ Click Offset Edge and select the top edge of the blade and choose the method along face
and enter -5 mm in the distance to offset the top surface of the blade
➢ Click Pattern Face and select four surfaces of the blade and choose Circular Layout and
specify the conical axis as vector, center of the flat surface of the cone as point, count as 6
and pitch angle as 60 radius to pattern six blades.
Therefore, it can be observed that a standard .stp file has been modified by increasing the number
of blades and changing the blade profile. Similarly, the user can either modify any supported 3D
model depending on the design need or create a new 3D model with synchronous modeling “push
and pull” tools.
4.10 EXERCISES
4.10.1 Rocker Arm

A rocker arm is an oscillating lever conveying radial movement from the cam lobe to linear
movement at the poppet valve. Use the following drawings to model a rocker arm (dimensions are
in inches).
4.10.2 Holder
You have started to model a holder in chapter 3 by modeling a 2D sketching. Open your saved file
and continue modeling this holder. Use the detailed drawing to replicate the part.
4.10.3 Impeller Upper Casing
Model the upper casing of the Impeller as shown below. The dimensions of the upper casing are
the same as for the lower casing, which is described in Section 4.4 in detail. The dimensions for
the manhole should be such that impeller blades can be seen and a hand can fit inside to clean the
impeller.
4.10.4 Die-Cavity
Model the following Die-Cavity part to be used in Chapter 8 Manufacturing Module. Create a new
file Die_cavity.prt with units in mm. Create a rectangular Block with dimensions of 150, 100, 40
along X, Y and Z, respectively, with the point coordinates of (-75, -50, -80) for the XC, YC and ZC
in Point Dialog. Create another block with the dimensions of 100, 80 and 40 along X, Y and Z and
locate this block by entering the Point Dialog values of (-50, -40, -40). Unite this block with the
first block.
Create the sketch of a spline curve on X-Z plane as shown in the bottom-left figure. The spline
curve is created with four points: (-50, 0, -8), (-25, 0, -1), (25, 0, -8), and (50, 0, -1).
Revolve the sketch with the Specify Vector of XC and the Specify Point of (0, 0, -100), and use
Boolean subtract to cut with the start angle of -45° and the end angle of 45°. The revolved model
is shown on top-right figure.
Subtract a block of 70, 50, and 30 to create a huge cavity at the center with Point Dialog value of
(-35, -25, -30). Create 4 cylinders at the inner corners of the cavity with 20 mm diameter and 15
mm height and Unite them with the model.
Add Draft feature on the outer 4 surfaces (left figure below) and inner 8 surfaces (right figure
below) of the model with the angle of 5 degrees. The drafted model is shown below.
2 2
5 6
1 3 1 3
8
4 4
Add Edge Blend feature at the corners as shown below.
(1) 5 mm radii for the inner corners.
(2) 10 mm radii for the outer corners
(3) 2 mm radii for the outer (bottom left figure) and inner (bottom right figure) edges
The final Die_cavity.prt model is shown below.
CHAPTER 5 – DRAFTING
The NX Drafting application lets you create 2D drawings, views, geometries, dimensions, and
drafting annotations necessary for manufacturing as well as understanding of an industrial design.
The goal of this chapter is to give the designer/draftsman enough knowledge of drafting tools to
create a basic drawing of their design. The drafting application supports the drafting of engineering
models in accordance with ANSI standards. After explaining the basics of the drafting application,
we will go through a step-by-step approach for drafting some of the models created earlier.
5.1 OVERVIEW
The Drafting Application is designed to allow you produce and maintain industry standard
engineering drawings directly from the 3D model or assembly part. Drawings created in the
Drafting application are fully associative to the model and any changes made to the model are
automatically (after a view update) reflected in the drawing. The Drafting application also offers
a set of 2D drawing tools for 2D centric design and layout requirements. You can produce
standalone 2D drawings. The Drafting Application is based on creating views from a solid model
as illustrated below. Drafting makes it easy to create drawings with orthographic views, section
views, imported view, auxiliary views, dimensions and other annotations.
Some of the useful features of the Drafting Application are:
1) After you choose the first view, the other orthographic views can be added and aligned
with the click of a few buttons. (NX uses 3rd Angle Projection for view placement, this
option can be changed to 1st angle if users need that option).
2) Each view is associated directly with the solid. Thus, when the solid is changed, the
drawing will be updated directly along with the views and dimensions.
3) Drafting annotations (dimensions, labels, and symbols with leaders) are placed directly on
the drawing and updated automatically when the solid is changed.
When you are modeling a part with multiple operations (e.g., drafting, assembly, CAM, etc.),
master model concept can help you conducting these operations without adding loads on your
computer system. It separates a CAD model into multiple files and reduce the file size. However,
these files still linked to each other. Thus, you can speed up your modeling efficiency by applying
the master model concept.
We will see how views are created and annotations are used and modified in the step-by-step
examples.
5.2 CREATING A DRAWING
When creating a drawing for your model, two ways you can choose:
(1) Drawing stored within your NX part:
You can create a drawing in the same NX file by clicking Drafting in File → All Applications
→ Document → Drafting
You will see your drawing under Part Navigator.
This way to create a drawing within the NX part is not recommended because it will increase
the file size and the loading to the NX software and system when creating a complex part. So
we will focus on explaining how to use alternative way to create drawings without slowing
your system
(2) Drawing stored in a separate file: This method is

based on the Master Model Concept to create a
drawing in different file as shown in the right figure.
Because it is recommended to use master model
approach to generate your drawing to minimize your
file size and system loading. Here we will briefly teach
how to use Master Model Method to create the drawing for your NX model.
➢ Open the file Arborpress_rack.prt
➢ From the NX Interface, choose File → NEW → select Drawing Tab
➢ Select a drawing size
Size allows you to choose the size of the Sheet. There are standard Templates that you can
create for frequent use depending upon the company standards. There are several Standard
sized Sheets available for you. You can also define a Custom sized sheet in case your
drawings do not fit into a standard sized sheet. You can use Preview to show the overall
design of the Template.
➢ Unit
Units follow the default units of the parent 3-D model. However, if you need the size of
drawing is different from your NX model, you can change units here.
➢ click OK
➢ Populate Title Block will show up first to let
you edit the information of your drawing.
➢ Base View could let you import your drawing. If

your part is too big or too small, you can change
the scale to fit your drawing size. You can
specify the model view you want to firstly
import to your drawing. The setting for
Arborpress_rack is showing below
➢ OK
➢ Import top view to your drawing like figure below
Let us first look at the Drafting Application Interface.
Although the part navigator only shows the drawing and does not see your
part model history in this drawing file, your model file is linked to this
drawing. That is to say, when you revised your model file, this drawing will
be revised based on your new model by right click and choose Update. This
is the Master Model Concept to minimize the content and size of a single
file.
➢ Choose Insert → View → Base or click on

Base View in the View Group
The Base View dialog box with the options of the View and the Scale will show up along with a
floating drawing of the object.
➢ Choose the View to be Back
➢ Choose the Scale to 1:8
You can find the Back View projection on the screen. You can move the mouse cursor on the screen
and click on the place where you want the view.
Once you set the Back View another dialog box will pop-up asking
you to set the other views at any location on the screen within the
Sheet Boundary.
You can find different views by moving the cursor around the first
view. If you want to add any orthographic views after closing this
file or changing to other command modes
➢ Choose Insert → View → Projected View or choose
Projected View icon from the View group
Now, let us create all the other orthographic projected views and
click on the screen at the desired position.
➢ In case you have closed the Projected View dialog box you
can reopen it by clicking on the Projected View icon in the
View Group
➢ Move the cursor and click to get the other views
➢ Click Close on the Projected View dialog box or press <Esc> key on the keyboard to close
the window
Before creating the dimensions, let us remove the borders in each view as it adds to the confusion
with the entity lines.
➢ Choose Menu → Preferences → Drafting or click on icon in

the Quick Access toolbar to find the Drafting Preferences
The Drafting Preferences window will pop up.
➢ Click on the Drawing VIEW tab button
➢ Uncheck the Tick mark on the Display in Borders as shown in

the figure below and click OK
There are many other options like number of decimal places, hidden lines, angles, and threads that
you can find here. For example, you can find options for hidden lines in Drafting Preferences →
Drawing View → Common → Hidden Lines and change the format of hidden lines based on your
preference.
5.3 DRAWING DIMENSIONING
Now let’s move on to create the dimensions for these views.
The dimensions can be inserted by either of the two ways as described below:
➢ Choose Menu → Insert → Dimension
OR
➢ Click on the Dimension Toolbar as shown in the following figure
➢ Click on Points and Edges, move the mouse and

click on the appropriate location to draw dimensions
➢ Choose Menu → Preferences → Drafting
Here you will be able to modify the settings for

dimensioning. A dialog appears as shown below.
The first list is for Lettering. This allows the user to justify and select the frame size. In the
Line/Arrow section, you can vary the thickness of the arrow line, arrow head, angle format etc.
The most important section is the

Tolerance list. Here you can vary
the tolerance to the designed
value.
The type of display, precision

required for the digits and other
similar options can be modified
here. The next icon is the Text
option, which you can use to edit
the units, text style, font and other
text related aspects.
➢ On the first view (Front View) that you created, click on the top left corner of the rack and
then on the top right corner
The dimension that represents the distance between these points will appear. You can put the
location of the dimension by moving the mouse on the screen. Whenever you place your views in
the Sheet take into consideration that you will be placing the dimensions around it.
➢ To set the dimension onto the drawing sheet, place the dimension well above the view as
shown and click the left mouse button
Even after creating the dimension, you can edit the properties of the dimensions.
➢ Right-click on the dimension you just created and choose Settings or Edit Display
➢ You can modify font, color, style and other finer details here
➢ Give dimensions to all other views as shown in the following figure
5.4 SECTIONAL VIEW
Let us create a Sectional View for the same part to show the depth and profile of the hole.
➢ Choose Insert → View → Section or click the View Section icon from
the View group in the ribbon bar
➢ Click on the bottom of the Base View as shown in the figure. This will show a Phantom
Line with two Arrow marks for the direction of the Section plane (orange dashed line with
arrows pointing upwards).
➢ Click on the middle of the View as shown. This will fix the position of the sectional line
(Section Plane)
Now move the cursor around the view to get the direction of the Plane of Section. Keep the arrow
pointing vertically upwards and drag the sectional view to the bottom of the Base View.
Adjust the positions of dimensions if they are interfering. The final drawing sheet should look like
the one shown in the following figure.
Save and close your model.
5.5 PRODUCT AND MANUFACTURING INFORMATION
Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI) is one of the important applications in NX which
provides annotation tools used to document products in a 3D environment. PMI application
includes a comprehensive 3D annotation environment that enables design teams to share details
such as Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T), surface finish, welding information,
material specifications, comments, government security information or proprietary information,
etc. directly to the 3D model. PMI complies with industry standards for 3D product definition and
therefore product teams working on collaborative projects would use 3D models as a legitimate
method for fully documenting product and manufacturing information.
In the below example, we will open a NX part file, create PMI dimension entities and comments
on the 3D model in the PMI application and learn how to inherit the dimensions and comments to
the Drafting application. This is only for the purpose of illustration.
➢ Open the file Impeller_impeller.prt
➢ From the NX interface, choose File → PMI (turn on the check mark)
This should create an additional tab PMI in between Tools and Application tabs. Select the PMI
tab to enter the PMI application which should look as shown below.
The ribbon bar in this mode would have the Dimension, Annotation, Custom Symbols,
Supplemental Geometry, Specialized and Security Marking groups. Each group has several options
which could help describe the modeled 3D part. For example, dimensioning options in Dimension
group, Surface Finish and Notes in Annotation group.
➢ Click Rapid icon
➢ Select the end surfaces of the impeller as first and second objects to insert the linear
dimension or click the Linear icon to perform the same task
➢ Click the Radial icon in the Dimension group to insert the dimensions of the holes
and curved surfaces on the impeller
➢ Click the Centerline icon in the Supplemental Geometry group and select the
inner surface of the impeller to insert the centerline for the part
➢ Click the Note icon in Annotation group to provide any comments or Surface
Finish icon, select the object, location of text and leader line to insert the specific surface
finish details, if required
The Trimetric view of the impeller after PMI dimensioning would look as shown below.
Five impeller blades
➢ Save the file, select Application tab and click on Drafting icon in the ribbon bar
➢ Follow the similar procedures explained in the previous section to create the Drawing sheet
for the 3D part
During the creation of the sheet, in the View Creation Wizard, select the Inherit PMI option, and
select the Aligned to Drawing (Entire Part) and check the Inherit PMI onto Drawing option. This
would inherit the dimensions of the 3D model and show on the drawing sheet including the
comments as shown below. The user has to select the appropriate views to reflect the dimensions
on the drawing sheet.
Siemens NX also enable legacy drawings with views and dimensions to be converted back into
3D PMI entities, users can select from the options of Drawing, Sheet, View, and Annotations, then
converting drafting entities into PMI 3D entities.
5.6 EXAMPLE
➢ Open the model Impeller_hexa-bolt.prt
➢ Choose File → NEW → Drawing
➢ On the Sheet window, select sheet E -Size (34 X 44)

and change the Scale value to 8.0 : 1.0
➢ Click OK
➢ Choose Insert → View → Base View or click the Base View icon
➢ Add the Front view by repeating the same procedure explained in the last example
➢ Add the Orthographic Views including the Right view

and Top view
➢ Choose Preferences → Drafting
➢ Uncheck the box next to Display Borders under Drawing

View Tab
The screen will have the following three views.
To visualize the hidden lines,
➢ Choose Preferences → Drafting → Drawing View
OR
➢ Select the views, right-click and choose Settings as shown below
A window will pop up with various options pertaining to the views.
➢ Click on the Hidden Lines tab
➢ Change Process Hidden Lines to Dashed Lines as shown below and click OK
You can see the hidden lines as shown in the picture on the right.
Now we will proceed to dimensioning.
➢ Choose Insert → Dimensions → Linear or click the Linear

Dimension icon in the Dimension group
➢ Give vertical dimensions to all the distances shown below
For the threading, we will use a leader line.
➢ Click on the Note icon shown in the Toolbar
➢ In the Note window that opens, enter the following text. You can find Ø and the degree
symbol on the Symbols tab
Right Hand Ø 0.20 x 1.5

Pitch 0.05, Angle 600
➢ Click on the threaded shaft in the side view, hold the mouse and drag the Leader line next
to the view. Let go of the mouse and click again to place the text.
➢ Close the Annotation Editor
Since the height of the Lettering is small, we will enlarge the character size as well as the arrow
size.
➢ Right-click on the Leader and select Settings
➢ Click on the Lettering tab
➢ In the Text Parameter section, increase Height to make the leader legible
➢ Click on the Line/Arrow tab
➢ In the Format section, increase the Length of the Leader
Now we will add additional dimensions and views.
➢ Choose Insert → Dimensions → Radial or click the Radial Dimension icon

in the Dimension group
➢ Click the circle of the bolt in the top view to give the diameter dimension
➢ Click Insert → View → Base View of click the Base View icon
➢ Select the Isometric view and place the view somewhere on the screen
The final drawing is shown below. Remember to save.
5.7 EXERCISE
Perform Drafting and annotate dimensions for the parts that you modeled in chapter 4.
CHAPTER 6 – ASSEMBLY MODELING
Every day, we see many examples of components that are assembled together into one model such
as bicycles, cars, and computers. All of these products were created by designing and
manufacturing individual parts and then fitting them together. The designers who create them have
to carefully plan each part so that they all fit together perfectly in order to perform the desired
function.
In this chapter, you will learn two kinds of approaches used in Assembly modeling. We will
practice assembly modeling using the impeller assembly as an example. Some parts of this
assembly have already been modeled in earlier chapters.
NX Assembly is a part file that contains the individual parts. They are added to the part file in such
a way that the parts are virtually in the assembly and linked to the original part. This eliminates
the need for creating separate memory space for the individual parts in the computer. All the parts
are selectable and can be used in the design process for information and mating to ensure a perfect
fit as intended by the designers. The following figure shows how components are added to make
an assembly.
6.1 TERMINOLOGY
Assembly
An assembly is a collection of pointers to piece parts and/or subassemblies. An assembly is a part

file, which contains component objects.
Component Object
A component object is a non-geometric pointer to the part file that contains the component
geometry. Component object stores information such as the Layer, Color, Reference set, position
data for component relative to assembly and path of the component part on file system.
Component Part
A component part is a part file pointed to by

a component object within an assembly. The
actual geometry is stored in the component
part and is referenced, not copied by the
assembly.
Component Occurrences
An occurrence of a component is a pointer to geometry in the component file. Use component

occurrences to create one or more references to a component without creating additional geometry.
Reference Set
A reference set is a named collection of objects in a component part or subassembly that you can
use to simplify the representation of the component part in higher level assemblies.
6.2 ASSEMBLING APPROACHES
There are two basic ways of creating any assembly model.
• Top-Down Approach
• Bottom-Up Approach
6.2.1 Top-Down Approach

In this approach, the assembly part file is created
first and components are created in that file. Then
individual parts are modeled. This type of
modeling is useful in a new design. The WAVE
Geometry Linker command could be used to
model either associative linked objects or non-
associative copies. When you modify the source
geometry, the related linked geometry and most of
its attributes will be updated based on your
modification regarding the source geometry.
6.2.2 Bottom-Up Approach
The component parts are created first in the traditional way and then added to the assembly part
file. This technique is particularly useful, when part files already exist from the previous designs,
and can be reused.
6.2.3 Mixing and Matching

You can combine these two approaches, when
necessary, to add flexibility to your assembly
design needs.
6.3 ASSEMBLY AND CONSTRAINT

NAVIGATORS
The Assembly Navigator and Constraint Navigator

are located on top of the Part Navigator in the
Resource Bar on the left of the screen. These
navigators show you various things that form the
assembly, including part hierarchy, the part name,
information regarding the part such as whether the
part is read only, count of objects, and the constraint status.
6.4 ASSEMBLY CONSTRAINTS
After the Component Objects are added to the assembly part file, each Component Object is mated
with the existing objects. By assigning the mating conditions on components of an assembly, you
establish positional relationships, or constraints, among those components. These relationships are
termed Mating Constraints. A mating condition is made up of one or more mating constraints.
There are different mating constraints as explained below:
Touch/Align: Planar objects selected to align will be coplanar but the normal to the planes
will point in the same direction. Centerlines of cylindrical objects will be in line with each
other.
Concentric: Constrains circular or elliptical edges of two components so the centers are
coincident and the planes of the edges are coplanar.
Distance: This establishes a +/- distance (offset) value between two objects
Parallel: Objects selected will be parallel to each other.
Perpendicular: Objects selected will be perpendicular to each other.
Bond: Creates a weld and welds components together to move as a single object.
Center: Objects will be centered between other objects, i.e. locating a cylinder along a slot
and centering the cylinder in the slot.
Angle: This fixes a constant angle between the two object entities chosen on the components
to be assembled.
6.5 EXAMPLE
We will assemble the impeller component objects. You have modeled all the components in
previous chapters. Now we have to insert them into the assembly environment and apply
constraints to locate them relative to each other. Once the assembling is completed, we can create
an exploded view and prepare the drafting.
Before starting the assembly modeling, make three through-holes on each side of the Impeller-
lower-casing and Impeller-upper-casing (a total number of 6 holes for each casing) for the Hexa-
bolt. Diameter of the holes should be 0.25 and their location should be similar to the figure below.
Make sure to create the holes in the same places for both lower and upper casing, so that when
they are assembled, they match.
6.5.1 Starting an Assembly
➢ Create a new file
➢ Choose Assembly under the Model tab
Set the Units → Inches
➢ Name it as Impeller_assembly.prt
OR, if you are in the Modeling Application and want to start assembling,
➢ Turn on Assemblies option in Application tab and a new Assemblies tab shows up
OR
Click File → Assemblies as shown below
➢ The Assemblies menu bar will now display tools for assembly
In the Base option,
• Add Component option adds new component objects whose part files are already created.
• New Component lets you create new component geometries inside the assembly file when
you are using Top-Down approach of assembly.
The Assembly Constraints allows you to create assembly constraints and Move Component allows
you to reposition the components wherever you want them in the assembly.
6.5.2 Adding Components and Constraints

➢ Choose Add
The dialogue box shown on the right side will pop up. You
can select the part files from those existing (should be already
shown in Loaded Parts tab) or you can load the part files using
the Open file options in the dialog box. This will load the
selected part file into the Loaded Parts dialog box.
➢ Click on the Open icon and select the file

Impeller_upper-casing.prt
➢ Click OK in the part name dialog box
Then we need to set a location to place the coordinate system

of the first component. In the Location group box, keep the
default Snap for the Assembly Location option.
➢ Click Select Object
Now you should be able to see the part in a transparent mode, as shown in the figure on the right
side.
➢ Click the Point Dialog icon and create the

coordinates of [0, 0, 0]
➢ Click OK to exit the Point Dialog
Note: Feel free to play with the Cycle Orientation options to set different orientations.
➢ Cycle Orientation
In the Placement group box, we can define where and how we place this component. In this case,
we will leave the options as default.
➢ Click OK to exit the Add Component Dialog
Then, you will see a pop-up dialog appears as shown in the figure below.
➢ Click Yes to create a Fix constraint to this part.
Now what you have should like the figure below.
Let’s move on to add the second component, the lower casing.
➢ Click on Add in the assembly section
➢ Select the file Impeller_lower-casing.prt from the Loaded Parts or Open
➢ In the Location group box change the option to Absolute – Work Part to place the new
part at the absolute origin of the current work part
➢ In the Placement group box, first toggle the Move radio button and move the lower casing
away from the upper casing to have enough space for selecting the mating surfaces. What
you will have should like the figure below.
➢ Then, toggle the Constrain radio button.
Now let’s mate the upper and the lower casings. You
can access all the constraints in the drop-down menu in
the Constraint Type box.
Here you can see the different Mating Types, which

were explained above in the previous section.
➢ Make sure the Touch Align icon is

selected in the Type dialog box
➢ First, select the face that the arrow is pointing to as shown below in the figure on the left.
➢ Click on the face of the upper casing in the screen as shown in the figure on the right.
You may have to adjust the view in order to select the faces. After you choose these two faces, the
Touch Align constraint will be automatically added.
Let’s add another Touch Align constraint.
➢ Click on the Flange of the upper casing
➢ Click on the Flange of the lower casing, you may need to inverse the direction of constraint
by click on the Inverse icon
Note: If it is difficult for you to select the faces because of the position of the parts, you can move
them by toggling the Move in the Placement group box and manipulate its handler.
Let’s add another Touch Align constraint.
➢ Make sure you are still using Touch Align
➢ Click on the flat face of the upper casing as shown and then the corresponding face on the
lower casing
The two assembled components will be seen as shown in the figure below.
The lower casing is constrained with respect to the upper casing. Now let us add the impeller.
➢ Choose Assemblies → Component → Add to add a component to the current assembly
➢ Open the file Impeller_impeller.prt
➢ Click OK on the dialog box
➢ Choose Absolute – Work Part for Assembly Location
➢ Toggle the Constrain button
➢ Click on the Distance icon in the Constraint Type box
➢ Select the two faces, first on the impeller and then on the casing, as shown in the figure
below
➢ In the Distance box in the Placement group, enter the value of 3
➢ Press Enter to preview the current assembly
The preview may show the impeller oriented in the direction opposite to the one we want.
➢ To change the orientation of the part or the distance direction, in the Placement window,
click on the Cycle Last Constraint button in the Geometry to Constrain box, as
shown below
Check the assembly status from its preview, you may have to click on the button for several
times to get the desired result. Now the impeller will be oriented in the right direction.
We will now add the shaft using the Center constraint.
➢ Click on Assemblies → Components → Add
➢ Open the file Impeller_shaft.prt
➢ Click OK on the dialog box
➢ Choose the Touch Align icon in the Constraint

Type box
➢ Choose the Infer Center/Axis option in the

Geometry to Constrain box
➢ Select the shaft and inner hole’s axis, first on the shaft and then on the impeller as shown
in the figures below
➢ Stay in the Touch Align constraint
➢ Choose the Prefer Touch option in the Geometry to Constrain box
➢ First, select the face on the shaft and then select the bottom face of the hole in the impeller
as shown
The assembly will now look like the figure below.
➢ Click on Assemblies → Components → Add
➢ Open the file Impeller_hexa-bolt.prt
➢ Choose the Concentric constraint. Use the Infer Center/Axis option in the Geometry to
Constrain box
➢ First, select the outer circular edge of bolt and then select the hole’s edge on the upper
casing as show in the figures below.
The assembly is shown below.
➢ Repeat the same procedure to add bolts and nuts to all the holes in the assembly.
This completes the assembly of the impeller.
Note: There is a simpler way to assemble the bolt and nut set. Instead of adding the three parts
individually, you can assemble these components separately in another file. This will be a sub-
assembly. You can insert this subassembly and mate it with the main assembly.
The Final Assembly will look as the shown below. Save the Model.
6.5.3 Exploded View
In this section, we are going to create an Exploded View of the assembly to show a separated part-
by-part picture of the components that make the assembly. In today’s industrial practice, these
kinds of views are very helpful on the assembly shop floor to get a good idea of which item fixes
where. The user should understand that exploding an assembly does not mean relocation of the
components, but only viewing the models in the form of disassembly. You can Unexplode the view
at any time you want to regain the original assembly view. Let us explode the Impeller Assembly.
➢ Choose Menu → Assemblies → Explosions
This will pop up a dialog box asking and click New Explosion .
Now the NX environment is in Exploded View environment though you do not find any difference.
When we start exploding an assembly, we should decide upon a component to keep that component
as the reference. This component should not be moved from its original position. In the case of the
impeller assembly, the impeller will be the right option as it is central to the entire assembly. Now
let us start exploding the components.
➢ Edit Explosion dialog box will pop up
The Edit Explosion window will pop up along with coordinate handles on the component.
➢ Click on the Z axis; hold the mouse and drag upwards until the reading in the Distance
shows -20 (substitute +20 if you have designed in opposite direction)
➢ Click OK
➢ Right click on the lower casing and choose Edit

Explosion
Again, this will pop up a dialog window for Edit

Explosion and a coordinate system on the component.
➢ Click on the Z-axis; hold the mouse and drag

downwards until the reading in the Distance shows
20 as shown in the figure on the right side.
➢ Right click on the shaft and choose Edit Explosion
➢ This time click on the Z-axis; hold the button and

drag to the right side until the reading in the
distance shows -25 or 25 as shown in the following figure
➢ Choose OK
➢ Select all the six hexagonal bolts in the assembly by clicking on them
➢ Right click on one of them and choose Edit Explosion
➢ This time click on the Z-axis; hold the button and drag upwards until the reading in the
Distance shows 25 as shown in the following figure. This will move all the six bolts
together to the same distance.
➢ Choose OK
➢ Likewise, move the six washers and the six hexagonal nuts downwards to -30 and -35,
respectively.
This is the Exploded view of the assembly. You can rotate and see how it looks like.
If you want to go back to the original unexploded view,
➢ Click Hide Explosion in Visible View in the Explosions
6.5.4 WAVE Geometry Linker
When designing parts in a design group, you have to cooperate with partners. The WAVE
Geometry Linker can help you to use any kind of associativity between components and speed up
your design efficiency. Here we will use a basic assembly on Cylinder Case as an example to
create a Cylinder Cap using WAVE Geometry Linker. The dimension in Cylinder Cap were copied
from geometries from the Cylinder Case. When the Cylinder Case dimension changes, the
dimension of the Cylinder Cap will change accordingly and simultaneously because this Cap was
modeled by referencing dimensions generated using WAVE Geometry Linker.
➢ Create a new Assembly and call Cylinder Box
➢ Cancel in Add Component window
➢ Click New Component in Assemblies
➢ Choose Model and name Cylinder Case
➢ OK
Now you will see Cylinder Case under Cylinder Box in Assembly Navigator
➢ Double clicks on Cylinder Case to highlight and start editing it
➢ Click Sketch: Specify Plane in XC-YC Plane in Plane Dialog

and Specify Point (0,0,0) in Point Dialog
➢ Make a sketch as shown in the right figure
➢ Finish
➢ Click Revolve: Specify Vector in YC Axis and Specify Point

(0,0,0) in Point Dialog
➢ OK
You will have a Cylinder Case model as shown in figure.
Before creating the Cap, double click on Cylinder Box
➢ Click New Component in Assemblies
➢ Choose Model and name Cylinder Cap
➢ OK
Now you will see Cylinder Case and Cylinder Cap under Cylinder Box in Assembly
Navigator
➢ Double clicks on Cylinder Cap to highlight and start editing it
Open Insert → Associate Copy → WAVE Geometry Linker
➢ Click inner circle and Apply
➢ Click Outer circle and OK
In Part Navigator, you will see two curves you just copied using WAVE Geometry Linker.
Now, let’s create the cap with these two curves.
➢ Click Extrude and select inner circle (Linked Composite Curve)
➢ Click Reverse Direction to reverse extrusion direction if the default extrusion direction is
incorrect
➢ Apply
➢ Click Extrude and select outer circle (Linked Composite Curve)
Now, the Cylinder Cap is modeled as shown below
The Cylinder Cap were created by referencing the curve from the Cylinder Case using the
WAVE Geometry Linker. When the curves of Cylinder Case changes, the dimensions of
Cylinder Cap will change simultaneously. Let’s change the size of Cylinder Case.
➢ Double clicks on Cylinder Case to edit it in

Assembly Navigator
➢ Right click on Sketch to edit its dimensions as shown in figures
➢ Finish
You can see the dimensions of Cylinder Cap are

changed immediately. Therefore, using the WAVE
Geometry Linker can make your modeling efficiently,
especially dealing with complex modeling design.
6.6 EXERCISES
6.6.1 Arbor Press

In the previous sections of this tutorial, we have modeled
various parts, some of which are components of the arbor
press shown below. Assemble the arbor press using the
components that you have modeled in addition to ones
that are provided to you, which you have not modeled
before. The complete list of parts of the arbor press
assembly is provided below. All these parts are provided
in a folder that can be accessed along with this tutorial in
the same internet address (https://web.mst.edu/~mleu/).
• Allen Bolt
• Allen Nut
• Base
• Circle base
• End clip
• Handle
• Hexagonal Bolt
• L-bar
• Pin
• Pinion
• Pinion handle
• Plate
• Rack
• Sleeve
6.6.2 Butterfly Valve

Butterfly valve is one of the most commonly used devices for controlling flow. The Butterfly valve
consists of a rotating disk positioned in the pipe. The disc is attached to the shaft that is connected
to an actuator on the outside of the valve. Rotating the actuator turns the disc either parallel or
perpendicular to the flow. When the valve is closed, the disc is turned so that it completely blocks
off the passageway. When the valve is fully open, the disc is rotated a quarter turn so that it allows
an almost unrestricted passage of the fluid. The valve may also be opened incrementally to regulate
flow.
In this exercise, you will model and assemble the Butterfly valve consisting of 9 different parts for
a total of 12 components. The names, drawings and dimensions of the different part items, as well
as how the various components fit together, are provided. The parts for which the drawings are not
given are to be designed or selected, for example, the round head machine screw. All dimensions
are in inches.
6.6.3 Jackscrew
A jackscrew is a type of jack that is operated by turning a leadscrew. In this
exercise, you are asked to model, assemble and prepare drawings of parts. All
dimensions should be in millimeters. Create individual drafts for each
component. Draft the final assembly and make a table, listing out individual
components. The Assembly draft should have an exploded view.
CHAPTER 7 – FREEFORM SURFACE MODELING
In this chapter, you will learn how to create freeform surfaces in NX. Up to this point, you have
learned different ways to create models by using Form Features or by Sketching. Freeform surface
modeling involves creating models in the form of surfaces for aesthetic or functional purposes,
such as car bodies and turbine blades. A few freeform features are shown below.
To create Freeform Features, you first need a set of points, curves, edges of sheets or solids, faces
of sheets or solids, or other objects. The following sections cover some of the methods that you
can use to create models using freeform features.
7.1 OVERVIEW
In NX, the Freeform Features options are located at various places like Menu → Insert →
Surface/Mesh Surface/Sweep/Flange Surface and Menu → Edit → Surface for more advanced
operations. There are a lot of ways in which you can create Freeform Features from the existing
features you have like points, edges, curves, etc. A few of commonly used functions are discussed
in the following sections.
7.1.1 Creating Freeform Features from Points

In the case where the geometry you are constructing or pre-existing data includes only points, you
can try using one of the following three options to build a surface from the given points.
➢ From Menu, click on Insert → Surface
Four Point Surface: if you have four
corner points.
Through Points: if the points form a

rectangular array.
From Poles: if defined points form a

rectangular array tangential to the lines passing
through them.
7.1.2 Creating Freeform Features from

Section Strings
If construction geometry contains strings of
connected objects (curves and edges), you can
use one of the following two options to create
a freeform surface.
➢ From Base group in Surface, click on
More
Ruled: if you have two strings which are roughly

parallel.
Through Curves: if three or more strings are roughly
parallel.
If the construction geometry contains two or more strings (curves,

faces, edges) that are roughly parallel to each other, and one or
more section strings that are roughly perpendicular to the first set of curves (guides), you can try
using one of these following options to build a freeform surface.
Through Curve Mesh: used if at least four section

strings exist with at least two strings in each direction (parallel
and perpendicular).
Swept: used if at least two section strings are

roughly perpendicular (from Menu, choose Insert →
Sweep).
7.1.3 Creating Freeform Features from Faces

If the construction geometry contains a sheet or face, you may be able to use one of the following
two options to build the freeform surface.
Offset Surface: use this option if you have a face
to offset. (From Menu, click on Insert → Offset/Scale)
Extension: use this option if you have a face and edges, edge
curves, or curves on the face. (Click on the Insert → Flange
Surface → Extension)
7.2 FREEFORM FEATURE MODELING
Let’s do some exercises on freeform modeling with structured points, a point cloud, curves and
faces. Structured points are a set of point’s defined rows and columns. A point cloud has a set of
scattered points that form a cloud.
7.2.1 Modeling with Points

➢ Open the file freeform_thrupoints.prt
➢ Click Shape Studio in Application and change the Home Toolbar like below
You will see seven rows of points.
➢ Choose Insert → Surface → Through

Points
The dialogue box will pop up as shown in the right.
➢ For Patch Type, select Multiple
➢ For Closed Along → Neither
➢ For Row Degree and Column Degree, enter 3.
➢ Click OK
The next dialogue box will be as shown in the right figure.

➢ Click Chain from All
➢ Select the top starting point and the bottom ending

point of the left most row as shown in the following figure
The first row of points will be highlighted.
➢ Repeat the same procedure to select the first four rows of points.
After that, a window should pop-up asking if all points

are specified or if you want to specify another row.
➢ Select Specify Another Row until all rows are

specified
➢ When all the rows are specified, choose All Points Specified
➢ Click Cancel on the Through Points window
You will see the surface as shown below.
7.2.2 Modeling with a Point Cloud
➢ Open the file named freeform_cloud.prt
The point cloud will be seen as follows.
➢ Choose Insert → Surface → Fit Surface
The right dialogue box will appear.
➢ Select all the points on the screen by clicking on

the point cloud.
➢ In the Fit Direction drop-down menu, choose

Best Fit for. This matches the point cloud
coordinate system with original system
➢ Change the default values for U and V degrees to 3
➢ Click OK
The final surface will look like the following.
7.2.3 Modeling with Curves

➢ Open the file named freeform_thrucurves_parameter.prt where we will create a surface
using through curve option.
The curves will be seen as in the figure below.
➢ Choose Insert → Mesh Surface → Through Curves
OR
➢ Click on this Icon on the Toolbar
➢ Select the first section string as shown below. Be sure to select somewhere on the left side
of the arc.
A direction vector displays at the end of the string.
➢ Click the middle mouse button MB2 or click Add New
Section
➢ Click on the next curve similar to first one and click the
middle mouse button MB2. You can see a surface
generated between the two curves as shown in the figure
➢ Repeat the same procedure to select the remaining

strings. Remember to click MB2 (or Add New Set)
after selecting each curve.
➢ For Alignment → Parameter
➢ For Patch Type → Single
➢ For Construction → Simple
When the Simple option is selected, the system tries to build the simplest surface possible and
minimize the number of patches.
➢ Click OK
7.2.4 Modeling with Curves and Faces

➢ Open the file named freeform_thrucurves_faces.prt
The curve and faces will be seen as shown on the

right.
➢ Choose Insert → Mesh Surface → Through

Curves
➢ Select edge-1 of the top plane
➢ Select edge-2 and click MB2
➢ Select edge-3
➢ In the Dialog box, under the Alignment

section, uncheck the Preserve Shape check
box
You would get the following shape displayed on your screen.
Make sure that all the arrows are pointing in the same direction (if they are not, double click on
either of the arrows to flip its direction).
➢ In the Alignment dialog box choose Parameter
➢ In the Continuity dialog box, for First Section, select G2 (Curvature) option and select
the two patches of the top surface
➢ Click APPLY
➢ Now select edge-3 and click MB2
➢ Select the three edges of the lower plane
➢ Change the option to G2 (Curvature) in the Continuity dialog box for First Section
➢ Select the surface you just created and click MB2
➢ For Continuity of the Last Section, choose G2 (Curvature) and then select the bottom
three patches as references
➢ Click OK to exit
The final freeform surface should be seen as shown below.
7.3 EXERCISES
7.3.1 An Exercise on Curves
The above figure shows three curves created using points as “Control Points” or “Through Points”.
The corresponding points and modeling type of each curve are listed in the following table.
Curve 1 Curve 2 Curve 3
(0, 0, 0) (-0.191, 0, 0.181) (-0.191, 0, 0.181)
(0.117, -0.765, 0) (-0.191, -0.757, 0.181) (0.591, 0, 0.596)
Points (1.953, -0.525, 0) (1.435, -0.709, 0.577) (1.632, 0, 0.622)
(2.5, -0.196, 0) (2.609, -0.415, 0.147) (2.610, 0, 0.147)
(2.5, 0, 0) (2.610, 0, 0.147)
Type Control Points with 2nd degree Through Points with 2nd degree
(a) Create the ruled surface between Curve-1 and Curve-2.

(b) Extrude Curve-3 along the +Y direction to create a reference surface. Then create the
surface between Curve-2 and Curve-3, this surface should have G1 (Tangent) continuity
to the reference surface you just extruded.
Tips: You can import those points from a text file to NX. First, save the points coordinates into
a text file. Then, use NX File -> Import -> Points from File to import it.
7.3.2 An Exercise on Surfaces
Given 2 points sets that stored in the files of “Fit curve.pts” and “Fit surface.pts” (available in the
file folder).
(a) Import those two sets of points into NX. (Figure above shows the expected result)
(b) Create a spline curve based on points in the file of “Fit curve.pts”. You can use Fit
Curve to create it, adjust the number of Degree and Segments to get a better fitting.
(c) Create a freeform surface based on points in the file of “Fit surface.pts”. You can use Fit
Surface to create it, adjust the number of Degree and Patches to get a better fitting.
(d) Use the spline curve as the boundary to trim the freeform surface along Z direction. The
expected result is like the upper surface of a computer mouse.
7.3.3 Design a Computer Mouse
Model a computer mouse similar to the one shown below (feel free to search for more images as
references), or you can come up with a new design and then model it. As a hint, create some
boundary curves on different datum planes and use them to create freeform surfaces.
7.3.4 Design a Sport Water Bottle

Design a sport water bottle and use freeform features in NX (curves and surfaces) to model it.
CHAPTER 8 – FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a practical application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) for
predicting the response behavior of structures or fluids to applied factors such as forces, pressures,
heats, and vibrations. Usually, the process starts with the creation of a geometric model. Then the
model is subdivided (meshed) into small pieces (elements) of simple geometric shapes connected
at specific node points. The material properties and the boundary conditions are applied to each
element. Finally, software such as NX solves this FEA problem and outputs results and
visualizations. It helps engineers to have a better understanding of the product performance before
it is fabricated and tested.
Some of the applications of FEA are Structural Analysis, Thermal Analysis, Fluid Flow Dynamics,
and Electromagnetic Compatibility. Of these, FEA is most commonly used in structural and solid
mechanics applications for calculating the mechanical behavior (e.g. stresses and displacements).
These are often critical to the performance of the hardware and can be used to predict failures. In
this chapter, we are going to deal with the structural stress and strain analysis of a solid part.
8.1 OVERVIEW
8.1.1 Element Shapes and Nodes

The elements can be classified into different types based on the number of dimensions and the
number of nodes in an element. The following are some of the types of elements used for
discretization.
One-dimensional elements
Two-dimensional elements
Triangular:
Quadrilateral:
Three-dimensional elements
Tetrahedral (a solid with 4 triangular faces):
Hexahedral (a solid with 6 quadrilateral faces):
Types of nodes
Corner nodes
Exterior nodes
Side nodes
Interior nodes
Usually, FEA can have a more accurate solution as the size of finite element becomes smaller, but
the computing time becomes longer as well.
8.1.2 Solution Steps

Starting the Simulation: You can select a solver from one of these: NX Nastran, NX Nastran
Acoustic, NX Nastran Vibro-Acoustic, NX Nastran Design, Samcef, NX Thermal/Flow,
Simcenter Electronic Systems Cooling, Simcenter Space Systems Thermal, NX Multiphysics,
Simcenter Acoustics BEM, MSC Nastran, Ansys, Abaqus, and LS-DYNA. In addition, you can
choose the type of analysis to be performed. In this tutorial, only Structural Analysis will be
covered with NX Nastran Design.
Choosing the Material Properties: This allows you to change the material properties that will be
assigned to the model. For example, if we use steel to manufacture the impeller, we can enter the
material properties such as density, Poisson’s ratio, etc. These material properties can also be saved
in the library for future use or can be retrieved from Library of Materials.
Applying the Loads: This option allows you to apply different types of loads, such as forces or
pressures on the solid along with the directions and magnitudes.
Applying the Boundary Conditions: Simply speaking, boundary conditions constrain the degrees
of freedom of the elements. Some elements can be rotationally fixed and some can be constrained
from translational movement.
Meshing the Bodies: This is used to discretize the model into finite elements. Normally, we select
tetrahedral shapes of elements for approximation. You can still select the 2-D and 1-D elements
depending on the situation and requirements by choosing these options from the drop-down menu.
Solution and Results: This is the command to solve all the governing equations by the selected
solver and all the above options. This solves and gives the results of the analysis of the problem.
8.1.3 Simulation Navigator
The Simulation Navigator provides the capability to activate
existing solutions, create new ones, and use the created
solution to build mechanisms by creating and modifying
motion objects. To display the Simulation Navigator,
➢ Click the Simulation Navigator tab in the Resource

bar as shown in the figure
It shows a list of the simulations created for the model. In

each simulation, it displays a list of loads, boundary
conditions, types of meshes, results, reports generated and so on.
8.2 SIMULATION CREATION
➢ Copy and paste the file Impeller_impeller.prt into a new folder to avoid changes being
made to the assembly
➢ Click on New → Simulations if the part is NOT already opened in the NX window
➢ Open this newly copied file
➢ If the part is already opened in NX, then from the top ribbon bar, click on Application →
Design
Or
➢ click on File → All Applications → Simulation → Design Simulation
When you first open any file in Design Simulation module, it will automatically pop up the New
FEM and Simulation dialog to create a simulation.
➢ In the popup dialog, click OK to create a new simulation.
Then in the next popup Solution window, you can select the Solver and the Analysis Type.
The default Solver type is NX Nastran Design and Analysis type is Structural.
➢ Choose OK to create a new Create Solution called Solution 1, which will be displayed in
the Simulation Navigator. Here we keep the other items as default.
Now the Simulation Navigator will look like the following figure.
8.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
The next step is to assign the material properties to the solid model for this simulation. Because
we do not have any data in the library to retrieve for standard material, we will create one. Let us
assume that we will use steel to manufacture the impeller.
➢ Click on Assign Materials from the ribbon bar shown

above
The Assign Material window will pop up. You have the option
of choosing the pre-defined materials from the Library or create
a new material.
➢ Select the Impeller for Select Body
➢ Assign the Steel as the material (Double left-click to see

the detail mechanical properties)
The name and values as shown in the following figure. Pay

attention to the units.
(Note that 7.829e-6 represents 7.829×10-6)
➢ Choose Close to exit the Isotropic Material window
Now we have assigned the material to the impeller model.
To display the Mass of your model, open Impeller_impeller.prt in Modeling Application
➢ Assign Material: Select Menu → Tools → Materials → Assign Material
➢ Select the model and Assign the Steel as the material and OK
➢ Right-click in the Window of Assembly Navigator and choose material (this tag can be
created using Configure) and Mass (kg) in Columns
Now, you should be able to see Mass and Material like figure below:
If the Mass is not correct, try right-click on the part and open Properties.
Use Update Mass Properties Now to display correct mass in the Mass option
8.4 MESHING
The Mesh option discretizes the model into small

elements.
➢ Click on the 3D Tetrahedral icon
A window will pop up asking for the type and size

of the elements.
➢ First, click on the impeller model on the

screen for Select Bodies.
Then, there are two types of Tetrahedral Elements

available in NX. One is 4-node and the other is 10-
node.
➢ Choose the Type to be CTETRA(10)
➢ Enter the Element Size as 1.0 inch
➢ Click OK
You can find the model with small tetrahedral

elements. It will look like the figure shown below.
Note: While meshing the solid, there is a trade-off

you need to consider. If you choose a smaller element with higher nodes you will get better
accuracy in your analysis than larger element. However, the time required to solve the model with
smaller elements will much greater than with larger element. Hence, based on the accuracy
requirement of the study and how critical the component is in terms of the end product, choose the
appropriate parameters for the elements and nodes.
8.5 LOADS
The loads applied on the solid model should be input to the system. For the impeller, suppose the
major force acts on the concave surfaces of the turbine blades. This loading can be approximated
by normal pressure on all the five surfaces. Since we are not concerned about the magnitude of the
load, let us take the value to be 100 lbf/in2 inch to exaggerate the deformation of the blades.
➢ Click on Load Type and choose Pressure
➢ Click on the five concave surfaces of the blades as

shown in the following figure
➢ Enter the value for Pressure as 100 and keep the unit
as lbf/in2 (psi)
8.6 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
The impeller rotates about the axis of the cone with the shaft as you can see in the assembly in the
previous chapters. It is not fixed but our concern is the deformation of the blades with respect to
the core of the impeller. The conical core is relatively fixed, and the deformations of the blades
are to be analyzed accordingly.
➢ Click on the Constraint Type icon
➢ Select the Fixed Constraint
This type of constraint will restrict the selected

entity in six DOF from translating and rotating. You can see the different constraints available by
clicking the Constraint Type drop-down menu on the toolbar.
➢ Click on the conical surface of the impeller as shown in the following figure
➢ Click OK
8.7 RESULT AND SIMULATION
8.7.1 Solving the Simulation

The Finite Element Model is now ready for solving and analysis. It is a good practice to first check
for model completion before we get into solving the model. To check the model
➢ Click on the Menu → Analysis → Finite Element Mode Check → Model Setup or click
the Model Setup icon in the Checks and Information group in the ribbon bar
This will pop up a window as shown on the right.
➢ Choose OK
This will display the result of the Check operation.

You will see any errors and warnings in a separate
window. In case you get errors or warnings go back
to the previous steps and complete the required
things. If you do not get errors or warnings, you are
ready to solve the FEA problem.
➢ Click on the Solve icon
This will open the Solve window.
➢ Click OK without making any changes
It may take a while to solving the job. Wait until the Analysis Job
Monitor window appears, showing the job to be Completed.
While the solver is doing computations, the Analysis Job
Monitor will show as In Progress
➢ Click on Cancel when the Analysis Job Monitor

window shows Completed
8.7.2 FEA Result

➢ From Simulation Navigator, double click on Structural under Results
➢ You will be directed to the Post Processing Navigator
The Post-Processing Navigator shows all the Solution you just solved. If you click the ‘+’ sign in
front of the Solution, you will see the different analyses that have been performed on the model.
➢ Double-click on the Displacement-Nodal
The screen will now appear as shown below. You can easily interpret the results from the color-
coding. The orange-red color shows the maximum deformation zones and the blue area shows the
minimum deformation zones. You can observe that because the conical core is fixed, it experiences
zero deformation. The analysis also shows that the maximum deformation experienced at the tip
of the blades is approximately 1.9 × 10-3 inches.
On the Post-Processing Navigator, you can keep changing the results by double clicking each
option as shown below. You can click on the other inactive marks to see various results. Some of
the other results are shown below.
8.7.3 Simulation and Animation
Click on the Results tab from the top ribbon bar. A group for Animation can be seen on it as
follows
➢ Click on the Animate icon.
➢ In the Animation window, change the number of frames to
10 and click on the Play button to see the animation of

the deformation
You can now see an animation of how the impeller is deformed as

the loads are applied to the blades.
➢ To make any setting changes in the results display, click on
the Edit Post View icon
➢ Check the Show undeformed model and click OK
Now press on the Play button to see the animation. This will show the animation of deformation
with the original shape in grey color, as shown in the figure below.
➢ Click on the Stop button to stop the animation
➢ Click on Return to Home to go back to the FEA model
There are two ways to improve the accuracy of FEA results:
• Reduce the size of element
• Increase the order of interpolation polynomial (i.e. use quadratic or even cubic instead of
linear polynomials)
Let us try creating a simulation using different settings.
➢ Right-click on Solution 1 in the Simulation Navigator
➢ Choose Clone to copy the first simulation
➢ Once Copy of Solution 1 is created, rename it to

Solution 2
➢ From the Simulation Navigator, under 3D Meshes,

double left-click on the 3D Mesh (1)
➢ In the popup dialog, change the Type to TETRA4
➢ Click OK
➢ Click on the Solve icon to solve the simulation
➢ Click OK
The Analysis Job Monitor should show the status

of Solution 2 to be Completed.
➢ Click Cancel
➢ In the Simulation Navigator, double-click

on Results for Solution 2
The figure below shows the analysis. You can

observe the change in the maximum value. Save
all the simulations and close the files.
8.8 EXERCISES
8.8.1 Arbor Press Bar

Open the file ‘Arborpress_L-bar.prt’ and do a similar structure analysis, considering the material
as steel. For the mesh, the element size and type should be ’10’ and ‘Tetra(10)’. For the loads,
apply a normal pressure with a magnitude of 500 on the top surface as shown in the first figure
below.
For the boundary conditions, fix the three flat faces (the front highlighted face, the face parallel to
it at the backside and the bottom face) as marked in the second figure below.
8.8.2 Rocker Arm
In this exercise, you will examine the effect of element type and mesh size on the results of finite
element analysis. Open the Rocker Arm you modeled in chapter 4. Assign the following material
properties: Young’s modulus = 3.0 × 107 psi, Poisson’s ratio = 0.29, and mass density = 7.35 × 10-
4
slug/in3. Fix both the counter bore hole and the counter sunk hole (i.e. fix the cylindrical faces)
as shown in the figure below and apply a pressure load of magnitude 600 psi normal to the face
shown. For each of the four following cases, obtain the deflection contour and Von-Mises stress
contour.
a) Tetra 4 elements, element size – 0.2

b) Tetra 4 elements, element size – 0.05
c) Tetra 10 elements, element size – 0.2
d) Tetra 10 elements, element size – 0.05
Please answer the following questions: What are the maximum deflection and the maximum stress
for each of the four cases? Which of the four cases provides the most accurate results? How are
the FEA results affected by the type and size of elements?
CHAPTER 9 – MANUFACTURING
As we discussed in Chapter 1 about the product realization process, the models and drawings
created by designers will undergo manufacturing processes to get to the finished products, which
is the essence of CAD/CAM integration. The most widely and commonly used technique is to
generate control codes for CNC machines to mill the desired part. This technique reduces the
amount of human programing in creating CNC codes, which facilitates the designers to create
products with complex geometries. In this chapter, we will cover the Manufacturing Module of
NX to generate CNC codes for 3-Axis Vertical Machining Centers. This module allows us to
program and do some post-processing on drilling, milling, turning and wire-cut EDM tool paths.
9.1 GETTING STARTED
A few preparatory steps need to be performed on every CAD model before moving it into the
CAM environment. In this chapter, we are going to work with a model that was finished in the
previous exercise problem. All the units are followed in millimeters in this model and
manufacturing of the component.
Before getting started, it would be helpful if you can get into a CAM Advanced Role. To do this,
go to the Roles menu on the Resource Bar. Click Content and a list of choices will pop up in which
the CAM Advanced role can be seen as shown in the figure.
9.1.1 Creation of a Blank

After completing the modeling, you should decide upon the
raw material shape and size that need to be loaded on the
machine for the actual fabricating. This data has to be the input
in NX. It can be achieved in two ways. The first method is
creating or importing the model of the raw material as a
separate solid in the same file and assigning that solid as the
Blank. The second method is letting NX decide the extreme
dimensions of the designed part and some offset values if
needed. The later method allows a quick way of assigning the
size details but it can only be used for prismatic shapes.
➢ Open the file Die_cavity.prt for the exercise problem in Chapter 4
➢ To create a Blank, insert a block in with the following dimensions (Menu Insert Design
Feature
Length = 150 mm
Width = 100 mm
Height = 80 mm
➢ For the Origin option, choose the lower most corner of the base block, so that the new
block created can wrap up the whole previous model as shown below
This block encloses the entire design part, so we need to change the display properties of the block
to have a better visualization.
➢ Click on the Edit Object Display icon in the Object group of the View tab
➢ Select the block you just created and click OK
➢ When a window pops up, change the display Color and change
the Translucency to 50
➢ click OK
➢ Click OK when Translucency Performance Warning pops up.
➢ Hide the block you just created by right clicking on the block
in the Part Navigator and click Hide (you may need to use
Select from List… to choose the blank). This will make the
raw block disappear from the working environment.
9.1.2 Setting Machining Environment
Now we are set to get into the Manufacturing module.
➢ Select File → New → Manufacturing → Mill Turn
➢ There are many different customized CAM templates available for different machining
operations. Here, we are only interested in the milling operation.
9.1.3 Operation Navigator

As soon as you get into the Manufacturing environment, you will notice many changes in the main
screen such as new icons that are displayed.
➢ Click on the Operation Navigator tab on the left on the Resource Bar
The Operation Navigator gives information about the programs created and corresponding
information about the cutters, methods, and strategies. A list of programs can be viewed in different
categorical lists. There are four ways of viewing the list of programs in the Operation Navigator,
which are Program Order view, Machine Tool view, Geometry view and Machining Method view.
➢ Click on Geometry View
9.1.4 Machine Coordinate System (MCS)
➢ Click on the Create Geometry icon in the Insert group to
initiate setup for programming
You will see a Create Geometry popup dialog.
➢ Click OK
Another popup window will allow you to set the MCS wherever
you want. By default, NX takes the original Absolute-CS as the
MCS.
➢ Click OK to select the default choice as the MCS
9.1.5 Geometry Definition

➢ Click on Geometry View
➢ Expand MCS_MAIN_SPINDLE by clicking

on the ‘+’ sign of MASTER_BLANK in the
Operation Navigator
➢ Double click on WORKPIECE_MAIN in

the Operation Navigator. If you do not see it, try clicking on related ‘+’ signs
The popup window Workpiece Main appears. This is where you can assign the Part geometry,
Blank geometry, and Check geometry.
➢ Click on the Part icon
➢ Select the design part (green part) and click OK
Now we will select the Blank Geometry.
➢ Click on the Blank icon
This will open the Blank Geometry Window. As mentioned earlier there are several ways to define
the Blank. You can use a solid geometry as the Blank or can allow the software to assign a prismatic
block with desired offsets in the X, Y, and Z directions. As we have already created a block, here
we can use that as the Blank geometry.
➢ Click on the Block and press OK
Now we are finished assigning the Part and Blank geometries. Sometimes it may be required to
assign Check geometry. This option is more useful for shapes that are more complex or 5-Axes
milling operations where the tool cutters have a higher chance of dashing with the fixtures. In our
case, it is not necessary to assign a Check geometry.
➢ Click OK to exit the Workpiece Main window
9.2 CREATING OPERATION
9.2.1 Creating a New Operation

The manufacturing setup is now ready for us to work further with Programming Strategies. There
are many different manufacturing strategies involved in programming and it takes practice to know
which one is optimal. Here, the basic guidelines are given for the most widely and frequently used
strategies. This chapter will also cover some important parameters that are to be set for the
programs to function properly.
➢ Click on the Create Operation icon in the toolbar
The Create Operation window will pop up.
➢ Make sure the Type of Operation is MillTurn_Essen
There are a set of different subtypes under Mill-Contour,

namely Cavity Mill, Z-Level Follow Cavity, Follow Core, Fixed
Contour, and so on. These different subtypes are used for
different situations and profiles of the design part. As
mentioned before, how you select a strategy for a certain
situation depends on your knowledge and experience.
➢ Click on the Cavity_Mill icon at the top left as shown

in the figure
➢ Choose the Program as 1234
➢ Change the Geometry to WORKPIECE_MAIN
➢ Click OK
The program parameters window with Cavity Mill in the title bar will pop up. On this window,
you can set all the parameters for this program. A brief introduction on every important parameter
and terminology will be given as we go through the sequence.
9.2.2 Tool Creation and Selection

One of the most important decisions to make is to select a tool with the right shape and size to use.
Before starting with the Tool parameter settings, we must first know about the types of Tool
cutters. The Milling Tool Cutters are categorized into three forms of cutters. Hence, when selecting
a cutter, it is important to take into consideration the size, shape, and profiles of the design parts.
For example, if the corner radius of a pocket is 5 mm, the pocket should be finished by a cutter
with a diameter less than or equal to 10 mm. Otherwise it will leave material at the corners. There
are other special forms of cutters available in markets that are manufactured to suit different needs.
Flat End Mill Cutters
These cutters have a sharp tip at the end of the cutter as shown in the figure below. These cutters
are used for finishing parts that have flat vertical walls with sharp edges at the intersection of the
floors and walls.
Ball End Mill
These cutters have the corner radii exactly equal to half the diameter of the shank. This forms the
ball shaped profile at the end. These cutters are used for roughing and finishing operations of parts
or surfaces with freeform features.
Bull Nose Cutters
These cutters have small corner radii and are widely used for roughing and/or semi-finishing the
parts as well as for finishing of inclined and tapered walls.
The cutter that we are going to use to rough out this huge volume is BUEM12X1 (Bullnose End
Mill with 12 diameter and 1 corner radius).
➢ In the Cavity Mill popup menu click on
the Create New button in the Tool dialog
box
➢ Click New
➢ On the New Tool window, select the Mill

icon
➢ Type in BUEM12X1 as the Name and

click OK
This will open another window to enter the cutter

dimensions and parameters. You can also
customize the list of tools that you would
normally use and call the predefined cutters from
the library.
➢ Enter the values as shown in the figure below
➢ Click OK
9.2.3 Tool Path Settings

Make sure that the Tool Axis is perpendicular to the top surface on the block.
➢ Click on Tool Axis and choose Specify Vector
➢ Select the appropriate axis (ZC) as shown
➢ In the Cavity Mill menu click on the Path

Settings option
There are different Cut Patterns in which the tool can move.
The following is a description of each.
Follow Part: This is the most optimal strategy

where the tool path is manipulated depending on the
part geometry. If there are cores and cavities in the
part, the computer intelligently considers them to
remove the materials in an optimal way. This is
widely used for roughing operations.
Follow Periphery: This takes the path depending upon the periphery profile. For example, if
the outer periphery of our part is rectangular, the tool path will be generated such that it gradually
cuts the material from outside to inside with a Stepover value. This option is mostly used for
projections and cores rather than cavities.
Profile: This takes the cut only along the profile of the part geometry. It is used for semi-
finishing or finishing operations.
Zig: This takes a linear path in only one direction of flow.
Zig Zag: This tool takes a zigzag path at every level of depth. It saves time by reducing
amount of air cutting time (idle running). The climb and conventional cuts alternate.
Zig with Contour: This takes the path in one direction either climb or conventional. The
unique thing is that it moves along the contour shape nonlinearly.
➢ For this exercise, select the Follow Part icon from the Cut Pattern drop-down menu since
we have both projections and cavities in the part
9.2.4 Step Over and Scallop Height

Step Over
This is the distance between the consecutive passes of milling. It can

be given as a fixed value or the value in terms of cutter diameter.
The Stepover should not be greater than the effective diameter of the
cutter, otherwise it will leave extra material at every level of cut and
result in an incomplete milling operation. The numeric value or
values required to define the Stepover will vary depending on the
Stepover option selected. These options include Constant, Scallop,
Tool Diameter, etc. For example, Constant requires you to enter a
distance value in the subsequent line.
Scallop Height
Scallop Height controls the distance between parallel passes according to the maximum height of
material (scallop) you specify to be left between passes. This is affected by the cutter definition
and the curvature of the surface. Scallop allows the system to determine the Stepover distance
based on the scallop height you enter.
➢ For the Stepover, select %Tool Flat and change the Percent of Flat Diameter to 70
9.2.5 Depth Per Cut

This is the value to be given between levels to slice the geometry into layers and the tool path cuts
as per the geometry at every layer. The cut depth value can vary for each level. Levels are
horizontal planes parallel to the XY plane. If we do not give cut levels, the software will
unnecessarily try to calculate slices for the entire part and machine areas that are not in our interest.
➢ Change the Common Depth per Cut value to 0.5
Now we will add the level ranges. This will split the part into
different levels along the Z-direction to be machined.
➢ Click on Cut Levels
This will pop up a dialog box of Cut Levels. You need to set the
level of the cut. You can either point to the object till which the
cut level is or provide it as a Range Depth value. We are not going
to mill up to the bottommost face of the part, but up to the floor
at 40 mm from top. Therefore, we must delete the last level.
➢ Change the Range Type to User Defined
➢ Change the Range Depth to 80
➢ Select OK
9.2.6 Cutting Parameters

➢ On the Path Settings menu, click Cutting Parameters
➢ Under the Strategy tab button, change the Cut Order from Level First to Depth First
Changing the cut order to Depth First orders the

software to generate the tool path such that it will
mill one island completely up to the bottom-most
depth before jumping to another island. The Depth
First strategy reduces the non-cutting time of the
program due to unnecessary retracts and engages at
each depth of cut.
➢ Click on the Stock tab
➢ Change the value of the Part Side Stock to

0.5
This value is the allowance given to every side of

the part. If you want to give different values to the
floors (or the flat horizontal faces) uncheck the box
next to Use Floor Same As Side and enter a
different value for Part Floor Stock.
➢ Click OK
9.2.7 Avoidance
➢ Click the Non Cutting Moves
➢ Click the Avoidance tab
This window consists of several avoidance points of which we are concerned with the following
points:
From Point
This is the point at which the tool change

command will be carried out. The value is
normally 50 or 100 mm above the Z=0 level to
enhance the safety of the job when the cutter is
changed by the Automatic Tool Changer (ATC).
➢ Click From Point
➢ Choose Specify in the Point Option field
➢ In the Point Dialog, enter the coordinates

of XC, YC and ZC as (0, 0, 50)
➢ Click OK
Start Point
This is the point at which the program starts and ends. This value is also 50 or 100 mm above the
Z=0 level to enhance safety. It is also the point at which the machine operator checks the height of
the tool mounted on the spindle with respect to the Z=0 level from the job. This cross checks the
tool offset entered in the machine.
➢ Click on Start Point
➢ Choose Specify
➢ Enter the coordinates (0, 0, 50) in the Point Dialog
➢ Click OK to exit the Point Constructor
Clearance Plane is the plane on which the tool cutter will retract before moving to the next region
or island. This is also known as Retract Plane. Sometimes the Clearance Plane can be the previous
cutting plane. However, when the tool has to move from one region to another, it is necessary to
move to the Clearance Plane before doing so. The value of the Clearance Plane should be at least
2 mm above the topmost point of the workpiece or fixture or whichever is fixed to the machine
bed.
➢ Click on the Transfer/Rapid tab
➢ Choose Plane in the Clearance Option
➢ Choose the XC-YC Plane in Plane Dialog
➢ Under the Offset and Reference tab enter the

value of 3 as the Distance
➢ Click OK twice to go back to the Cavity Mill

parameters window
9.2.8 Speeds and Feeds

➢ Choose Feeds and Speeds to enter the
feed and speed parameters
Speed
Speed normally specifies the revolutions per

minute (rpm) of the spindle (spindle speed).
However, technically the speed refers to the
cutting speed of the tool (surface speed). It is
the linear velocity of the cutting tip of the
cutter. The relative parameters affecting this
linear speed are rpm of the spindle and the
diameter of the cutter (effective diameter).
➢ Enter the Spindle Speed value as 4500

rpm
For the Surface Speed and the Feed per Tooth, you should enter the recommended values given
by the manufacturers of the cutter (for this example, click on the calculator button near spindle
speed). By entering these values, the software will automatically calculate the cutting feed rate and
spindle speed. You can also enter your own values for feed rates and spindle speeds.
Feeds
There are many feeds involved in a single program. The most important is the Cutting feed. This
is the feed at which, the tool will be in engagement with the raw work-piece and actually cutting
the material off the work-piece. It is the relative linear velocity, at which the cutter moves with
respect to the job.
The other feeds are optional. Some machine control systems use their default retracts and traverse
feed. In those cases, even if you do not enter the values of other feeds, there would not be any
problems. Some control systems may look for these feed rates from the program. It can be slightly
less than the machine’s maximum feed rate.
➢ Enter the Cut value as 1200 mmpm
➢ Click OK
9.3 PROGRAM GENERATION AND VERIFICATION
9.3.1 Generating Program

Now we are done entering all the parameters required for the roughing program. It is time to
generate the program.
➢ Click on the Generate icon at the bottom of the window
You can now observe the software slicing the model into depths of cuts and creating tool-path at
every level. You can find on the model cyan, blue, red and yellow lines as shown in the figure.
9.3.2 Tool Path Display
Whenever you want to view the entire tool-path of the program, right-click on the program in
Operation Navigator and click Replay. It will give the display as shown in the Figure below.
You can now observe that next to the program in the Operation Navigator is a yellow exclamation
point instead of a red mark. This means that program has been generated successfully but has not
been post-processed. If any change is made in the model, the program will again have a red mark
next to it. This implies that the program has to be generated again. However, there is no need to
change any parameters in the program.
9.3.3 Tool Path Simulation

It is very important to check the programs you have created. This prevents any improper and
dangerous motions from being made in the cutting path. It is possible that wrong parameters and
settings will be given that cause costly damages to the work piece. To avoid such mistakes, NX
provides a Tool-path verification and a Gouge check.
The Tool-Path verification can be used to view the cutter motion in the entire program. You can
observe how the tool is engaged and how it retracts after cutting. It also shows the actual material
being removed through graphical simulation. You can also view the specific zone of interest by
moving the line of the program.
➢ Right-click on the program in the Operation Navigator and choose Tool Path → Verify
or click on the Verify Tool Path button in the toolbar
This will allow you to set the parameters for visualization of

the Tool-Path.
➢ On the Tool Path Visualization window, click on
the Play icon to view the motion
You can also view the visualization in different modes by

changing the options in the drop-down menu next to Display.
➢ Click on the 3D Dynamic tab on the same window
➢ Click on the Display Options button on the same

window
➢ Change the Number of Motions to 50
➢ Change the Animation Accuracy to Fine
➢ Change the IPW Color to Green
➢ Click OK
➢ Click on the Play button again
The simulation will look as shown in the figure on the

right. With this option, you will be able to view the actual
cutting simulation and material removal through
computer graphics. It is 3D Dynamic, where you can
rotate, pan and zoom the simulation when it is playing.
9.3.4 Gouge Check

Gouge Check is used to verify whether the tool is removing any excess material from the work-
piece with respect to Part Geometry. Considering a Design Tolerance, any manufacturing process
may produce defective parts by two ways. One is removing excess material, which is also called
Less Material Condition. The other one is leaving materials that are supposed to be removed which
is More Material Condition. In most cases, the former is more dangerous since it is impossible to
rework the design part. The latter is safer since the leftover material can be removed by reworking
the part. The gouge check option checks for the former case where the excess removal of material
will be identified.
➢ Right Click the program in the Operation

Navigator
➢ Choose Tool Path → Gouge Check
➢ Click OK
After the gouge check is completed, a Tool Path

Report window will pop up. If in case there are any
gouges found, it is necessary to correct the program.
Otherwise,
➢ Click OK or directly close the popup window
9.4 OPERATION METHODS
9.4.1 Roughing
In case of milling operation, the first operation should be rough milling before finishing the job.
The main purpose of roughing is to remove bulk material at a faster rate, without affecting the
accuracy and finish of the job. Stock allowances are given to provide enough material for the
finishing operation to get an accurate and good finish job. What we did in the previous part of this
chapter is generating a roughing program. Now we have to moderately remove all the uneven
material left over from the previous program.
9.4.2 Semi-Finishing
Semi-Finishing programs are intended to remove the unevenness due to the roughing operation
and keep even part stock allowance for the Finishing operations. Once we are done with the first
roughing program, semi-finishing is always easier and simpler to perform.
Now we will copy and paste the first program in the Operation Navigator. In the new program,
you only have to change a few parameters and cutting tool dimensions and just regenerate the
program.
➢ Right click CAVITY_MILL program in the Operation Navigator and click Copy
➢ Right-click CAVITY_MILL again and choose Paste
➢ Right-click the second CAVITY_MILL_COPY you just made and click Rename
➢ Rename the second program as CAVITY_MILL_1
You can see that next to the newly created

CAVITY_MILL_1 is a red mark, which indicates that
the program is not generated.
Let us now set the parameters that need to be changed for

the second program. Before we start, we should analyze
the part geometry to figure out the minimum corner
radius for the cutter diameter. In our model, it is 5 mm
and at the floor edges, it is 1 mm. Therefore, the cutter
diameter can be anything less than 10 mm. For optimal
output and rigidity, we will choose a Bull Nose Cutter with a diameter of 10 and a lower radius of
1.
➢ Double click CAVITY_MILL_1 on Operation Navigator to open the parameters

window
Just as we did in the previous program, we will create a new cutter. In the Tool tab, you will see
the cutter you first chose. It will show BUEM12X1 as the current tool.
➢ Create a new Mill and name it BUEM10X1
➢ It should have a Diameter of 10, a Lower

Radius of 1 and a Flute Length of 38
➢ Click OK
➢ Click the Common Depth per Cut as 0.25

in the Path Settings
➢ Then click on Cutting Parameters button
➢ Click on the Stock tab
➢ Uncheck the box next to Use Floor Same As

Side
➢ Enter 0.25 for Part Side Stock
➢ Enter 0.1 for Part Floor Stock
➢ Click on the Containment tab button
➢ In the drop-down menu next to In Process

Workpiece, choose Use 3D
In Process Workpiece is a very useful option in NX. The software considers the previous program
and generates the current program such that there is no unnecessary cutting motion in the No-
material zone. This strategy reduces the cutting time and air cutting motion drastically. The
algorithm will force the cutter to only remove that material, which is left from the previous
program and maintain the current part stock allowance.
➢ Choose OK to return to the Parameters window
➢ Click Feeds and Speeds
➢ Enter the Spindle Speed as 5000
➢ Then click OK
The parameters and settings are finished for the semi-finishing

program.
➢ Regenerate the program by clicking on the Generate icon
➢ After the software finishes generating click OK
Then replay the Tool Path Visualization. The overall Tool Path generated in the second program
will look like the following figure. You can replay it or check for the gouging in a similar way.
9.4.3 Finishing Profile
So far, we are done with the roughing and semi-finishing programs for the part. There is a small
amount of material left in the Workpiece to be removed in the finishing programs to obtain the
desired accurate part geometry. The finishing programs should be generated such that every
surface in the part should be properly machined. Therefore, it is better to create more than one
program to uniquely machine sets of surfaces with relevant cutting parameters and strategies rather
than make one program for all the surfaces. The following illustrates how to group the profiles and
surfaces and create the finishing programs.
9.4.3.1 Outer Profile

This program is intended to finish the outer inclined walls onto the bottom of the floor. Because
the program should not touch the contour surface on the top, we will give Check and Trim
boundaries in the program.
➢ Repeat the same procedure as before to copy and paste CAVITY_MILL_1 on Operation
Navigator
➢ Rename the program CAVITY_MILL_2
➢ Double click CAVITY_MILL_2 to make parameter

changes
➢ In the popup parameters window, change the Cut

Pattern to Profile and the Stepover percentage to 40
➢ Click on the Specify Trim Boundaries tab
The Trim Boundaries window will pop up. Make sure to carry out the following procedure in the
right sequence. Keep the default setting of Trim Side to Inside. This tells the software that the
cutter should not cut material anywhere inside the boundary. Trim allows you to specify
boundaries that will further constrain the cut regions at each cut level.
➢ Change the Selection Method to Curves
➢ Change the Plane from Automatic to Specify and click on the Plane Dialog
A new window will pop up. The window will ask for the mode of selection of the plane on which
the curves should be projected. This should normally be over the topmost point of the part
geometry. Precisely, it should be over the MCS.
➢ Choose the XC-YC Plane from the drop-down menu under Type
➢ Enter a value of 3 next to Distance
➢ Click OK
Now we will start selecting edges from the part. These selected edges will be projected on the Z =
3 plane as curves and used as the boundary.
➢ Select all the top outer edges on the wall along the contour surface as shown in the figure.
Make sure to select all 8 edges and in a continuous order
➢ Choose OK
➢ Enter the Common Depth per Cut as 0.2
➢ Click Cutting Parameters
➢ In the popup dialog box, click on Stock tab
➢ Enter the Part Side Stock and Part Floor Stock values to be 0.00
Intol allows you to specify the maximum distance that a cutter
can deviate from the intended path into the workpiece.
Outtol allows you to specify the maximum distance that a cutter

can deviate from the intended path away from the workpiece.
➢ Enter the Intol and Outtol values to be 0.001 as shown

in the figure
➢ Click OK
➢ Click on the Generate icon to generate the

program in the Main Parameters window
➢ Click OK on the parameters window when the program

generation is completed
The finishing program for the outer profile is now ready. You can observe while replaying the tool
path that the cutter never crosses the boundary that has been given for trim and check. The cutter
retracts to the Z=3 plane for relocation.
9.4.3.2 Inner profile
➢ Repeat the same procedure as before to copy and paste CAVITY_MILL_2 on Operation
Navigator and rename it as CAVITY_MILL_3
➢ Double click CAVITY_MILL_3 to edit the parameters or right click on it and choose Edit
➢ Select the Specify Trim Boundaries tab and choose Trim Side to be Outside in the popup
dialog box
This will prevent the cutter from passing outside the boundary.
➢ Select all the top inner edges along the contour surface as shown in the figure. Again, make
sure all 8 edges are selected in a continuous order (using Shift+click to de-select a curve).
➢ Change the plane manually to be the XC-YC plane and enter the offset distance as 3
➢ Click OK
➢ Choose OK to return to the parameters window
➢ Generate the program
➢ Click OK when the generation is finished
The finishing program for the inner profile is now ready. By replaying the tool path, you can
observe that the cutter never crosses the boundary that has been given for trim and check.
9.4.4 Finishing Contour Surface
Now we will use a different type of strategy to finish the top freeform surface.
➢ Click on the Create Operation icon in the Toolbar
➢ Click on the Fixed Contour icon as

shown in the figure
➢ Choose 1234 for Program
➢ Choose WORKPIECE_MAIN for

Geometry
➢ Keep the default name of program
➢ Click OK
➢ On the Parameters window, under Drive Method, make sure that Boundary is selected
➢ Click icon, which will pop up the Boundary Drive Method window, click on the
icon as shown in the figure to open the Boundary Geometry menu
➢ Change the Mode to Curves/Edges
➢ Select the Material Side to be Outside
➢ Select the Tool Position to be On
The Tool Position determines how the tool will position itself when it approaches the Boundary
Member. Boundary Members may be assigned one of three tool positions: On, Tanto, or Contact.
• In On position, the center point of the tool aligns with the boundary along the tool axis or
projection vector.
• In Tanto position, the side of the tool aligns with the boundary.
• In Contact position, the tool contacts the boundary.
➢ For the Plane, choose User-Defined
➢ Again, set the plane to be XC-YC with a Distance of 3
➢ Click OK
➢ Select the outer loop of the top contour surface as shown in the figure. Remember to select
the edges in a continuous order
➢ Click OK
We have trimmed the geometry outside the loop. Now we have to trim the geometry inside the
inner loop so that the only geometry left will be the area between the two loops.
➢ Choose the Mode to be Curves/Edges
➢ Choose the Material Side to be Inside and Tool Position to be On
➢ Choose the plane to be user-defined at XC-YC with a Distance of 3
➢ Select the inner edges of the contour surface as shown
➢ Click OK to return to the Boundary Drive Method window
➢ Change the Stepover method to Scallop and enter the height to be 0.001 and click OK
➢ Click on Cutting Parameters
➢ Change the Tolerance values in the Stock tab so that the Part Intol and Part Outtol is
0.001
➢ Click on the More tab button and enter the value of Max Step as 1.0
➢ Click OK
In the main parameters window,
➢ Create a new tool and name it BEM10
➢ Change the diameter to be 10 mm and the lower radius to be

5 mm.
➢ Click OK
➢ Click on the Feeds and Speeds icon on the parameters

window
➢ Enter the Spindle Speed, Feed Rates (Cut) and

calculate the others as shown in the figure on right
➢ Click OK
➢ Generate the program
The contour surface is now finished and you can view the
simulation by Tool Path Verification.
9.4.5 Flooring
Flooring is the finishing operation performed on the horizontal flat surfaces (Floors) of the part.
In most of the milling processes, flooring will be the final operation of them. All the horizontal
surfaces will be finished. This planar operation runs the cutter in a single pass on every face.
➢ Click on the Create Operation icon
➢ Change the Type to be mill_planar at the top

of the window
➢ Change all the options as shown in the figure
➢ Click OK
➢ In the parameters window, change the Cut

Pattern to be Follow Part
➢ Change the percent of the tool diameter for

Stepover to be 40
In flooring operations, it is always better to keep the

Stepover value to be less than half of the diameter of
the cutter in order to achieve more flatness on the
planar surfaces.
Unlike previous programs, we have to select a cut area.
➢ Click on the Specify Cut Area Floor
➢ Select the highlighted surfaces shown in the figure below
In case you are not able to select the surfaces as shown go to Part Navigator and Hide the Blank
(to choose the blank, you can right click on the blank, use Select from List…), select the surfaces
and Unhide the Blank again.
➢ Click OK
➢ Click on Cutting Parameters in the main parameter window
➢ Choose the Stock tab button and enter the Intol and Outtol values as 0.001
➢ Click OK
➢ Click on Feeds And Speeds
In the main Parameters window,
➢ Create a new tool and name it BEF105
➢ Change the diameter to be 10 mm and the lower radius to be 5 mm
➢ Click OK
Because this is a Flooring operation, it is better to make the
spindle speed high and the feed rates low compared to the
previous operations.
➢ Enter the values for Spindle Speed, Feed Rates

(Cut) and calculate the others as shown in the figure
➢ Choose OK
➢ Generate the program. Then replay and verify the

cutter path
The following figure shows the Tool Path display for the
flooring.
9.5 POST PROCESSING
The primary use of the Manufacturing Application is to generate tool paths for manufacturing
parts. Generally, we cannot just send an unmodified tool path file to a machine and start cutting
because there are many different types of machines. Each type of machine has unique hardware
capabilities, requirements and control systems. For instance, the machine may have a vertical or a
horizontal spindle; it can cut while moving several axes simultaneously, etc. The controller accepts
a tool path file and directs tool motion and other machine activity (such as turning the coolant or
air on and off).
Naturally, as each type of machine has unique hardware characteristics; controllers also differ in
software characteristics. For example, most controllers require that the instruction for turning the
coolant on be given in a particular code. Some controllers also restrict the number of M codes that
are allowed in one line of output. This kind of information is not in the initial NX tool path.
Therefore, the tool path must be modified to suit the unique parameters of each different
machine/controller combination. The modification process is called Post Processing. The result is
a Post Processed tool path.
There are two steps involved in generating the final post-processed tool path.
1. Create the tool path data file or called CLSF (Cutter Location Source File).
2. Post process the CLSF into machine CNC code (Post Processed file). This program reads
the tool path data and reformats it for use with a particular machine and its accompanying
controller.
9.5.1 Creating CLSF

After an operation is generated and saved, the resulting tool path is stored as part of the operation
within the part file. CLSF (Cutter Location Source File) provides methods to copy these internal
paths from the operations in the part file to tool paths within the CLSF, which is a text file. The
GOTO values are a "snapshot" of the current tool path. The values exported are referenced from
the MCS stored in the operation. The CLS file is the required input for some subsequent programs,
such as postprocessors.
➢ Click on one of the programs that

you want to post process in the
Operation Navigator
➢ Click on Output CLSF in the

Operations toolbar
A window will pop up to select the CLSF

Format.
➢ Choose CLSF_STANDARD and

enter a location for the file
➢ Choose OK
The CLSF file will be created. It will be similar to the figure

below. The contents of the file contain the basic code of the cutter
motion without any information about machine codes and control
systems. This file can be used for post-processing any machine
control. The extension of the file is .cls.
Any program that has been output to CLSF or Post Processed will have a green checkmark next
to it in the Operation Navigator.
9.5.2 Post Processing
➢ Click on a program in the Operation Navigator that you want to post process
➢ Click Menu → Tools → Operation Navigator → Output → Postprocess or from the

Home tab as shown
➢ Select the MILL_3_AXIS machine

and enter a location for the file
➢ Select OK
This will create the Post Processed file for the target machine. You can find the block numbers
with G and M codes concerning the machine controller type. The extension of the file is .ptp.
The final output (filename.ptp) file can be transferred to a machine for conducting an actual milling
operation. The entire sequence starting from the transfer of the model into the Manufacturing
module to the transfer of the files to the machine and fabricating the raw piece into the final part
is called Computer Aided Manufacturing.
CHAPTER 10 – ADDENDUM TOPICS
10.1 CONVERGENT MODELING
Convergent Modeling technology provides a unified 3D modeling capability on combinations of

facet and B-Rep data. These two data formats have different geometric characteristics and as a
result, one format is better suited to some applications than the other. Facet data is characterized
by triangular meshes to approximate surfaces and tends to generate larger data sets. Applications
that use facet data include digital mock-up, gaming and animation. B-Rep data is characterized by
mathematically defined surfaces that represent accurate, closed (solid) volumes using smaller data
sets. Applications that use B-Rep data include 3D modeling for engineering and manufacturing.
A proliferation of facet data in high growth areas like 3D scanning, topology optimization, and 3D
printing means that design engineers often need to move facet data into 3D modeling systems that
were designed for B-Rep data. Convergent Modeling technology enables 3D product modeling on
both facet and B-Rep data sources in a single environment, while eliminating the complexity,
errors, and delay of conversion between the two types of data. It enables the user to create 3D
models based on import facet data (e.g., 3D part scanning profile file or an STL file), which
significantly saves the modeling time.
Facet Topology B-Rep Topology
There are many products which are often developed based on the reverse engineering process
starting with physical objects. A few common examples are:
• Hand-held objects such as computer mice and the handles of guns and power tools, whose “feel”
needs to be assessed during development.
• Objects like toys and jewelry, which are often modeled as physical prototypes by craftsmen
who have no CAD skills.
• Designs that have been modified during physical try-out, such as molds or stamping dies.
• Objects for which no CAD data is available because it has been lost or is owned by someone
who is not willing to share.
In each of the above cases, the design starts out in physical form, and the physical part is scanned
to produce digital data. The 3D scan data typically consists of a “point cloud” or an STL file. Next
comes a “surfacing” step in which the scan data is converted to a traditional CAD model. This is
a tedious manual process, and it requires a CAD modeler with surfacing skills. The surfacing step
is often a serious bottleneck that delays the start of downstream work. NX Convergent Modeling
enables the surfacing step to be skipped in the part modeling process.
The following example illustrates the difference between the traditional modeling approach and
the new approach using NX Convergent Modeling with facet data taken by scanning a physical
object as the input for reverse engineering. As shown below, the following steps are used in the
traditional modeling process to create a shell model:
(1) Use a scanning device such as a coordinate measuring machine to obtain point data from the
shell and import the data to NX or some other CAD software.
(2) Create an analogous surface that matches the imported point data.
(3) Offset the surface created in Step 2 to create an inner wall.
(4) Add features such as ribs, support cylinders, threaded holes, etc., for increasing the shell’s
strength and assembling it with other components.
By using NX Convergent Modeling, you do not need the surfacing step for reverse engineering as
shown above, i.e., you can skip Step 2 used in the traditional modeling approach. You could import
the scanned point data to directly create an offset surface for the inner wall without having to create
an analogous surface first. The steps of using NX Convergent Modeling for reverse engineering is
illustrated below.
10.1.1 Topology Optimization (A.K.A. Topology Optimizer)
Topology Optimization in NX provides you with a tool to design and optimize models with
specific targets (objectives) and constraints. It uses finite element analysis to conduct structural
optimization based on your design constraints, such as weight or volume allowance, to achieve
desired targets. NX Topology Optimization can minimize material and fabrication costs while
satisfy the desired performance. The drone figures below show an example with different results
obtained from changing the Topology Optimization settings to optimize its volume in NX.
In another example (shown below), we use a bracket of the front-end loader, which joins different
components, to show how NX Topology Optimization can be used to reduce its volume and weight.
Traditional Bracket
Idle
Topology
Optimization Rotational Joint
Optimized Bracket Piston Transmission
To conduct the topology optimization of this traditional bracket in NX, there are several steps
shown below.
➢ First, we create the Design Volume envelope to define the bracket’s size and
cylinders to represent the joined components
Traditional Bracket
Idle
Design Volume
Transmission
Rotational Joint
Piston
➢ Use Measure to measure the mass of the traditional bracket (25.0896 kg) to let us use
this mass as the reference when we apply the mass constraint.
➢ Select Design Space to select Design Volume
➢ Assign Material (AISI_Steel_4340) to Design Volume
➢ Manage Optimization Features to manage global loads (Apply 21341 N to SIMPLE

HOLE (9:1A) and 35041 N to SIMPLE HOLE (10:1A)) and Fixed constraint to
SIMPLE HOLE (8:1A).
➢ Setup Optimization to set the Mass Target to 20 kg
➢ Run Optimization to run the topology optimization calculation
➢ After the optimization calculation is done (end result with organic look), use
Convert Facet Body to get the optimized bracket structure
➢ Assign Materials and Measure to get the bracket mass of 18.558 kg
From this bracket design example, from the topology optimization result you can see that NX
Topology Optimization can be used to significantly reduce the weight of a design part (i.e., the
mass of bracket was reduced 35.2% from 25.086 kg to 18.558 kg) compared to the traditional
bracket, thus the Topology Optimization not only minimizes the material usage but also saves the
manufacture time and cost.
10.1.2 NX Realize Shape
NX Realize Shape is a powerful surface feature modeling tool. It allows you to create a high-
quality shape geometry like a car shell model as shown in the figure below relatively easily by
using an intuitive freeform modeling method.
In the NX Realize Shape modeling environment, you start with the object selection of a primitive
shape (sphere, cylinder, rectangle, etc.). After creating the primitive-shape object (shown in the
left figure below), you can manipulate the shape of this object by pushing a Cage Face (middle
figure) or pulling a Cage Face (right figure).
Note that an object’s Face is defined by controlling a Cage Face as shown below. Transforming
the Cage Face will change the Face shape of the object.
For example, some of the steps are given below to illustrate how to shape an Iron model from a
sphere primitive using NX Realize Shape.
➢ We first create a primitive shape “sphere”
➢ Transform Cage to transform an edge of a Cage Face as the first step of several steps to
finally shape the sphere to an oval shown below
Transform
➢ Set Continuity to flatten the bottom face
➢ Split Face to split each of the two cage faces on its right side and left side into nine cage
faces and also to split each of the cage faces on the top side, front side, and rear side into
three cage faces
➢ Transform cage to transform some of the cage edges to form the shape below
➢ Delete the middle cage face of the nine cage faces on the right side and also the middle cage
face of the nine cage faces on the left side
➢ Fill edges
As you can see in the above example, an iron can be modeled starting from a sphere by using NX
Realize Shape. This makes freeform surface modeling easier for CAD users.
10.1.3 Design for Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM), popularly known as 3D printing, has been used to fabricate parts
with complex geometries layer by layer using various techniques such as Stereolithography (SLA),
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Powder Bed Fusion (PBF), etc. The NX Design for Additive
Manufacturing provides helpful features for designing and verifying your AM models to prevent
printability issues, e.g., checking if support structures are needed in some regions, finding out the
best printing orientation, etc.
Here we use an object model with complex geometry, which is difficult to fabricate using the
traditional manufacturing method of machining, to illustrate some features in the NX Design for
Additive Manufacturing.
Overhang
In the Design for Additive Manufacturing, the Overhang is an essential feature in NX to visualize
as it checks the Overhang Area that requires support structure when fabricating a three-
dimensional part using additive manufacturing. The Overhang Area varies with part building
direction. The Maximum Overhang Angle depends on the additive manufacturing technique and
needs to be input by the NX user.
Here we use some figures to illustrate the Overhang Area with the Maximum Overhang Angle of
45° and different building directions below. The red regions represent the Overhang Area.
Building direction
Overhang Area: 712.7 cm2
Building direction
Building direction
Overhang Area: 1337 cm2
From the above figures we can see that the Overhang Area ranges from 475.3 cm2 to 1337 cm2 for
the three building directions. The Overhang feature allows you to evaluate the Overhang Area for
each building direction with a specified Maximum Overhang Angle.
Besides the evaluation of Overhang Area, the NX Design for Additive Manufacturing also
provides the optimization feature to help you find out the part orientation that results in the
minimum Overhang Area for your part build. This will be demonstrated when we introduce the
feature of Optimize Part Orientation.
Wall Thickness
The Wall Thickness feature allows you to identify those regions that will have printing difficulty
because the wall thickness of the design part is smaller than the minimum wall thickness that the
AM machine is capable of. As an example, the figures below display regions (in red) that have
wall thickness larger than the capability of the AM machine.
Printable Volume
The Printable Volume feature helps you evaluate whether your 3D printer has the printable
volume that is big enough to fabricate your part, as illustrated below.
The above figure displays your part and its range (left), printer volume (middle), and both (right).
It indicates that the printable volume is larger than your part volume. If your part volume is larger
than the printable volume, the part will be shown in red, as seen in the figure below.
Print Time
When you want to fabricate a part using an AM machine, the part fabrication time needs to be
considered in order to evaluate whether the part building time will be too much. In the NX Design
for Additive Manufacturing, the Print Time feature can help you estimate the time taken to print
a part. You can estimate the print time by selecting the type of Printer and then entering the values
of process parameters (printer settings) you will use for part fabrication.
Besides evaluating the Print Time, the NX Design for Additive Manufacturing provides the
optimization feature to help you find out what part orientation will result in the minimum Print
Time for your part build. This will be demonstrated when we introduce the feature of Optimize
Part Orientation.
Overheating
In the laser powder bed fusion processes, the Overheating feature in NX could be very useful
because it helps you identify the risk of overheating caused by laser melting of metal powder.
Similar to the Overhang Area described above, the Overheating Area depends on the part building
direction. We show the Overheating Areas in three different part building directions below.
Building direction
Overheating Area: 640.9 cm2
Building direction
Building direction
Overhang Area: 1276 cm2
From the above figures, we can see that the Overheating Area ranges from 394.6 cm2 to 1276 cm2
for the three building directions. Therefore, this Overheating feature allows you to estimate the
Overheating Area.
Besides the evaluation of Overheating Area, the NX Design for Additive Manufacturing also
provides the Optimization feature to help you find out what part orientation would have the
minimum Overheating Area for your part build. It will be demonstrated in the feature of Optimize
Part Orientation below.
Optimize Part Orientation
The Optimize Part Orientation is the most

important feature in NX Design for Additive
Manufacturing because it could optimize the
part orientation to minimize the Surface Area
(the area needed for the build plate (substrate)
for the current part orientation), Support
Volume (the overhang area), Print Time, and
Overheating Area.
An example of using the Optimize Part

Orientation feature is given below.
➢ Select the type of 3D printer you will use
➢ Select the features that you would like to optimize
➢ Specify the Maximum Overhang Angle
➢ Specify Printing Parameters
➢ Specify Overheating Parameter
➢ Select Body and specify Building Plane
➢ Adjust Accuracy and Start Calculation to find the optimal part orientation
➢ After the optimization is done, click icons in the Orient to Minimum window to
select the orientation for minimizing Surface Area, Support Volume, Print Time,
and Overheating. Depending on your preference, the weighting of each check
(parameter) could be changed accordingly as shown below.
➢ You can also choose 10 part orientations to find different weighted checks.
With the Optimize Part Orientation, the values of Surface Area, Support Volume, Print Time,
and Overheating could be found in different part orientations. Therefore, we could efficiently
choose a desired part building direction to satisfy our additive manufacturing needs.
Lattice
Besides the above features, the NX Design for Additive Manufacturing can also allow you to
modify your design to reduce weight and cost but still have structural integrity by using the Lattice
feature. The built-in lattice feature makes it easy to embed lattice structures in a solid part. The
density, shape, and angle of lattice structure can be modified easily using the NX Convergent
Modeling Technology.
Here, we demonstrate how to use Lattice feature inside a part below.
➢ Click Lattice feature as shown in the right figure
➢ Select this part in Select Body
➢ Change the lattice parameters (Edge Length and Rod

Diameter) based on your need as given in the examples below.
Edge Length: 10 mm
Rod Diameter: 1 mm
Edge Length: 2 mm
Rod Diameter: 1 mm
Edge Length: 2 mm
Rod Diameter: 0.5 mm
Edge Length: 1 mm
Rod Diameter: 0.5 mm
Therefore, with Edge Length of 1 mm and Rod Diameter of 0.5 mm, the lattice structure can be
easily formed for the selected body as shown in the figure below using the Lattice feature in the
NX Design for Additive Manufacturing.
10.2 PROCESS AUTOMATION
10.2.1 Measurement
In old versions of NX, depending on the measured objects
(face or body) and dimensions (length or angle), there were
many commands and options (e.g., 16 menu commands and
more than 50 options in one NX version) available for
dimensional measurement. You would need to spend a lot of
time to select the proper commands and options for
measuring your CAD model.
With the latest version of NX, the various dimensional

measurement commands have been combined into one single
command “Measure” under the Analysis tab to measure
distance, angle, length, body, etc. The user interface of Measure
is shown in the right figure. The measurement result types
(distance, curve/edge, and angle) and objects (face and body) can
be customized in the Result Filter to add or remove. This
Measure command will allow you to directly select entities (e.g.,
object, face, curve, point, vector) you want to measure. Then, NX
software displays every possible dimension related to your
selection. It saves your time in measuring objects and their
dimensions. For example, the figure below measures a curve in
the CAD model using the latest measurement command
Measure, which will pop up a window with all possible
dimensions (Length, Curve Start Point, Curve End Point, and
Min Radius of Curvature). This contrast old versions of NX, where different commands (curvature
length, minimum radius, and point measurement commands) were needed to measure these
dimensions.
Selecting an object with Measure command will display comprehensive dimensional details.
With use of Measure command NX will automatically show you the commonly interested
dimensions for an object (face or curve) when you move your mouse to the object without clicking.
For example, the details of an object are displayed for three different objects blow.
Curve with Length
Face with Area and Perimeter
Edge Blend Face with Radius, Area, and Perimeter
10.2.2 Weight Analysis
When designing a 3D model, weight evaluation is often an essential step to help you evaluate
whether the material amount satisfies the customer’s weight specification. Here we will show you
how to easily get the Weight and Mass of your model automatically.
➢ Open the file “Impeller_impeller” or a file with the part you want to measure
➢ Assign Material: Menu → Tools → Materials → Assign Material
Assign the material you want to use. In this example, Steel is assigned as the material.
There are two different ways you can get the weight value.
1. Use Measure Command to get the Mass and Weight of the part
2. Select your model and expand the window of Mass Properties under Part Navigator
The Mass, Weight, Density, Volume and (surface) Area will be shown in the Mass Properties.
10.3 SHEET METAL
The Sheet Metal modeling of NX is a fast, accurate method to model thin frames and shelling parts
for automotive, aerospace and other products. The Sheet Metal feature provides a host of modeling
tools in the NX environment, such as bend, unbend, and re-bend a metal sheet. It allows you to
create sheet metal parts following the industrial workflow but with better bending calculations,
tooling, and sheet metal features compared to part modeling by the extrude feature. Providing an
accurate sheet metal pattern not only enhances the quality of part modeling (e.g., thickness
uniformity) but also reduces the cost of part manufacture. To have uniform thickness in complex
parts, NX Sheet Metal either uses surfacing features and then thickening the surface or starts
modeling a solid with blending and then shelling, these two methods are just examples how users
can create sheet metal geometries then using the Convert To Sheet Metal.
For example, NX Sheet Metal could model a component in the tail section of an aircraft using the
following steps.
Sheet Metal Modeling
➢ First, create a flat sheet in the model of aircraft’s tail
section in NX
➢ Use Advanced Flange to trim and bend the edges
➢ Use Joggle to create joggle features on both side
Joggle
Joggle
➢ Use Lightening Cutout to create lightening holes to reduce structural weight while maintain
strength and rigidity
Finally, the modeling of this aircraft component using NX Sheet Metal is completed as shown
below.
10.4 CONTINUOUS RELEASE
Siemens NX uses a Continuous Release methodology starting from January 2019 to release new
versions of NX, which enables the software user to have:
(1) Quicker functional enhancements to increase productivity
(2) Constant updating to get better adaptation for the utilization of latest technologies
(3) Efficient response from NX development team
(4) Lower deployment cost
(5) Faster response to new ideas and trends in technologies
(6) Continued full NX-Simcenter 3D integration and interoperability
Before using the Continuous Release methodology, typically, it would take several years to deploy
PLM-specific software updates on an average, which means the NX users were not able to benefit
from software enhancements and fixes rapidly. With Continuous Release the users are able to
realize Siemens Digital Industry Software’s latest advancements in the production environment
without any delay. The Users in the Continuous Release mode will see monthly update releases,
with major enhancement releases approximately every 6 months. The monthly updates will be for
fixes and a small number of high-priority items. Continuous Release will incorporate new
development practices that will remove the need to upgrade currently supported versions of
Teamcenter and Active Workspace when updating NX. Customers will still have the option to use
their existing Siemens Support Center (used to be known as GTAC) process of downloading
updates and enhancements to NX, NX CAM, and Simcenter 3D. As soon as an update is released
under this new Continuous Release process, it will be available on Support Center for the user to
download
Siemens will continue to improve the upgrade process through quality product improvements with
a focus on protecting user’s data, and ease the upgrading cycle, so the end users can stay ahead of
competition and innovate faster.

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NX For Engineering Design

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NX FOR ACADEMIC

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 2

1.1 PRODUCT REALIZATION PROCESS ..............................................................................2

CHAPTER 2 – GETTING STARTED .................................................................. 8

2.1 STARTING AN NX SESSION AND OPENING FILES ....................................................8

CHAPTER 3 – TWO DIMENSIONAL SKETCHING...................................... 36

3.1 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................36

CHAPTER 4 – THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELING ................................... 57

4.1 TYPES OF FEATURES .....................................................................................................57

CHAPTER 5 – DRAFTING ................................................................................ 111

5.1 OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................111

CHAPTER 6 – ASSEMBLY MODELING ....................................................... 133

6.1 TERMINOLOGY .............................................................................................................133

CHAPTER 7 – FREEFORM SURFACE MODELING .................................. 165

7.1 OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................165

CHAPTER 8 – FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ............................................. 178

8.1 OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................178

9.1 GETTING STARTED ......................................................................................................199

10.1 CONVERGENT MODELING .......................................................................................235

The NX software integrates multidisciplinary principles, conceptual design, 3D modeling,

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The modern manufacturing environment can be characterized by the paradigm of delivering

1.1 PRODUCT REALIZATION PROCESS

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1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF CAD/CAM DEVELOPMENT

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Below are some of the commercial packages in the present market.

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1.3 DEFINITION OF CAD/CAM/CAE

1.3.1 Computer Aided Design – CAD

1.3.2 Computer Aided Manufacturing – CAM

1.3.3 Computer Aided Engineering – CAE

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1.4. SCOPE OF THIS TUTORIAL

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Chapter 9 provides a real-time experience of implementing a designed model into a

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2.1 STARTING AN NX SESSION AND OPENING FILES

2.1.1 Start an NX Session

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2.1.2 Open a New File

➢ Click on the New button on left of Ribbon bar

➢ Click NEW button at the top-left of the screen

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2.1.3 Open a Part File

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➢ Click Cancel to exit the window

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➢ Open files in History tab in Resource Bar

➢ Left-click and drag file to window tab and drop it

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2.2.1 Print an NX Image

➢ Click File → Print

The following figure shows the Print dialog box.

2.2.2 Save Part Files

➢ Click File → Save

Save Work Part Only: This option will only

Save As: This option allows you to save the part