S2.

Category level gains from Intensity Analysis, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Gain Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Commission Omission Omission
Gain Gain Intensity Intensity Gain Gain Error Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity
percent percent
percent percent
number percent of number of percent of percent of percent
of number of of
Category of of 2006 interval' of interval' 2006 interval's of 2006
interval's elements interval's
elements category s elements s category domain category
domain domain
domain domain
Urban 7986 1.203 3.220 0.241 301 0.045 7685 96.228 1.158 0.000 0.000
Industrial 3283 0.495 4.577 0.241 48 0.007 3235 98.535 0.487 0.000 0.000
Rainfed 3231 0.487 0.556 0.241 1328 0.200 1903 58.910 0.287 0.000 0.000
Rice 444 0.067 0.165 0.241 655 0.099 211 0.000 0.000 32.192 0.032
Heterogeneous 4833 0.728 0.190 0.241 6194 0.933 1361 0.000 0.000 21.976 0.205
Forest 5176 0.780 0.076 0.241 16873 2.542 11697 0.000 0.000 69.324 1.762
Wetland 86 0.013 0.416 0.241 48 0.007 38 43.831 0.006 0.000 0.000
Water bodies 544 0.082 0.865 0.241 136 0.020 408 75.048 0.062 0.000 0.000
Colored cells: black: gain; green: category is relatively active compared to uniform; red: category is relatively dormant compared to uniform; pink:
error; dark gray: Commission error

Evidence for deviations from uniform changes in a Portuguese watershed

Zara Teixeira*a,c, João C. Marquesa,d, Robert Gilmore Pontius Jrb,e

Supplementary data

S1. Input matrix as number of elements per category, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the
Mondego river basin
2006
Urba Industria Rainfe Heterogeneou Wetlan Water
n l d Rice s Forest d bodies
Urban 7515 81 3 2 25 38 0 4
Industrial 199 1200 0 0 21 36 0 1
Rainfed 546 250 33118 186 2201 970 0 0
1633
Rice 36 0 3 4 284 24 51 34
199
Heterogeneou
0
s 6152 511 2127 94 154518 4100 0 133
42090
Forest 1052 2441 1097 133 2301 2 0 372
Wetland 0 0 0 28 0 0 1205 0
Water bodies 1 0 1 1 1 8 35 3386
S3. Category level losses from Intensity Analysis, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Loss Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Commission
Loss Loss Intensity Intensity Loss Loss Error Intensity Intensity
percent percent percent
number percent number percent of percent of
of of of number of
Category of of 1990 of 1990 interval's
interval's interval's interval's elements
elements category elements category domain
domain domain domain
Urban 153 0.023 0.125 0.241 301 0.045 148 0.000 0.000
Industrial 257 0.039 1.102 0.241 48 0.007 209 81.282 0.031
Rainfed 4153 0.626 0.696 0.241 1328 0.200 2825 68.032 0.426
Rice 432 0.065 0.161 0.241 655 0.099 223 0.000 0.000
Heterogeneous 13117 1.976 0.489 0.241 6194 0.933 6923 52.777 1.043
Forest 7396 1.114 0.108 0.241 16873 2.542 9477 0.000 0.000
Wetland 28 0.004 0.142 0.241 48 0.007 20 0.000 0.000
Water bodies 47 0.007 0.086 0.241 136 0.020 89 0.000 0.000
Colored cells: black: loss; green: category is relatively active compared to uniform; red: category is relatively dormant compar
dark gray: Commission error
S4. Transitions to urban, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Transition Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Comm
FROM
Transition Transition Intensity Intensity Transition Transition Error Intensity Inte
percent of percent of percent of percent of perc
number of number of number of percent of
Category interval's 1990 1990 non- interval's inte
elements elements elements transition
domain category Urban domain do
Industrial 199 0.030 0.854 0.076 16 0.002 183 92.210 0.
Rainfed 546 0.082 0.092 0.076 453 0.068 93 17.120 0.
Rice 36 0.005 0.013 0.076 206 0.031 170 0.000 0.
Heterogeneous 6152 0.927 0.229 0.076 1990 0.300 4162 67.656 0.
Forest 1052 0.158 0.015 0.076 5265 0.793 4213 0.000 0.
Wetland 0 0.000 0.000 0.076 15 0.002 15 0.000 0.
Water bodies 1 0.000 0.002 0.076 42 0.006 41 0.000 0.
Colored cells: black: transition from category i to category n; green: category is active compared to uniform; red: category is d
error; dark gray: Commission error
S5. Transitions to industrial, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Transition Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Comm
FROM
Transition Transition Intensity Intensity Transition Transition Error Intensity Inte
percent of percent of percent of percent of perc
number of number of number of percent of
Category interval's 1990 1990 non- interval's inte
elements elements elements transition
domain category Industrial domain dom
Urban 81 0.012 0.066 0.031 38 0.006 43 53.339 0.
Rainfed 250 0.038 0.042 0.031 184 0.028 66 26.230 0.
Rice 0 0.000 0.000 0.031 84 0.013 84 0.000 0.
Heterogeneous 511 0.077 0.019 0.031 833 0.125 322 0.000 0.
Forest 2441 0.368 0.036 0.031 2121 0.320 320 13.090 0.
Wetland 0 0.000 0.000 0.031 6 0.001 6 0.000 0.
Water bodies 0 0.000 0.000 0.031 17 0.003 17 0.000 0.
Colored cells: black: transition from category i to category n; green: category is active compared to uniform; red: category is d
error; dark gray: Commission error
S6. Transitions to rainfed, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Transition Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Comm
FROM
Transition Transition Intensity Intensity Transition Transition Error Intensity Inte
percent
percent of percent of percent of perc
number of of 1990 number of number of percent of
Category interval's 1990 interval's inte
elements non- elements elements transition
domain category domain dom
Rainfed
Urban 3 0.000 0.002 0.032 40 0.006 37 0.000 0.
Industrial 0 0.000 0.000 0.032 8 0.001 8 0.000 0.
Rice 3 0.000 0.001 0.032 87 0.013 84 0.000 0.
Heterogeneous 2127 0.320 0.079 0.032 858 0.129 1269 59.661 0.
Forest 1097 0.165 0.016 0.032 2215 0.334 1118 0.000 0.
Wetland 0 0.000 0.000 0.032 6 0.001 6 0.000 0.
Water bodies 1 0.000 0.002 0.032 18 0.003 17 0.000 0.
Colored cells: black: transition from category i to category n; green: category is active compared to uniform; red: category is d
error; dark gray: Commission error

S7. Transitions to rice, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Transition Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Comm
FROM
Transition Transition Intensity Intensity Transition Transition Error Intensity Inte
percent of percent of percent percent of perc
number of number of number of percent of
Category interval's 1990 of 1990 interval's inte
elements elements elements transition
domain category non-Rice domain dom
Urban 2 0.000 0.002 0.004 5 0.001 3 0.000 0.
Industrial 0 0.000 0.000 0.004 1 0.000 1 0.000 0.
Rainfed 186 0.028 0.031 0.004 25 0.004 161 86.308 0.
Heterogeneous 94 0.014 0.004 0.004 115 0.017 21 0.000 0.
Forest 133 0.020 0.002 0.004 294 0.044 161 0.000 0.
Wetland 28 0.004 0.142 0.004 1 0.000 27 97.045 0.
Water bodies 1 0.000 0.002 0.004 2 0.000 1 0.000 0.
Colored cells: black: transition from category i to category n; green: category is active compared to uniform; red: category is d
error; dark gray: Commission error
S8. Transitions to heterogeneous, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Transition Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Com
FROM
Transition Transition Intensity Intensity Transition Transition Error Intensity Int
percent of
percent of percent of percent of per
number of 1990 non- number of number of percent of
Category interval's 1990 interval's inte
elements Heterogeneou elements elements transition
domain category domain do
s
Urban 25 0.004 0.020 0.061 75 0.011 50 0.000 0
Industrial 21 0.003 0.090 0.061 14 0.002 7 32.732 0
Rainfed 2201 0.332 0.369 0.061 345 0.052 1856 84.326 0
Rice 284 0.043 0.106 0.061 162 0.024 122 42.909 0
Forest 2301 0.347 0.034 0.061 4191 0.631 1890 0.000 0
Wetland 0 0.000 0.000 0.061 12 0.002 12 0.000 0
Water
1 0.000 0.002 0.061 34 0.005 33 0.000 0
bodies
Colored cells: black: transition from category i to category n; green: category is active compared to uniform; red: category is d
error; dark gray: Commission error

S9. Transitions to forest, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Transition Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Comm
FROM
Transition Transition Intensity Intensity Transition Transition Error Intensity Inte
percent
percent of percent of percent of perc
number of of 1990 number of number of percent of
Category interval's 1990 interval's inte
elements non- elements elements transition
domain category domain dom
Forest
Urban 38 0.006 0.031 0.137 171 0.026 133 0.000 0.
Industrial 36 0.005 0.154 0.137 32 0.005 4 11.281 0.
Rainfed 970 0.146 0.163 0.137 816 0.123 154 15.885 0.
Rice 24 0.004 0.009 0.137 376 0.057 352 0.000 0.
Heterogeneous 4100 0.618 0.153 0.137 3676 0.554 424 10.350 0.
Wetland 0 0.000 0.000 0.137 28 0.004 28 0.000 0.
Water bodies 8 0.001 0.015 0.137 77 0.012 69 0.000 0.
Colored cells: black: transition from category i to category n; green: category is active compared to uniform; red: category is d
error; dark gray: Commission error
S10. Transitions to wetland, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Transition Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Comm
FROM
Transition Transition Intensity Intensity Transition Transition Error Intensity Inte
percent
percent of percent of percent of perc
number of of 1990 number of number of percent of
Category interval's 1990 interval's inte
elements non- elements elements transition
domain category domain dom
Wetland
Urban 0 0.000 0.000 0.001 1 0.000 1 0.000 0.
Industrial 0 0.000 0.000 0.001 0 0.000 0 0.000 0.
Rainfed 0 0.000 0.000 0.001 5 0.001 5 0.000 0.
Rice 51 0.008 0.019 0.001 2 0.000 49 95.745 0.
Heterogeneous 0 0.000 0.000 0.001 22 0.003 22 0.000 0.
Forest 0 0.000 0.000 0.001 56 0.008 56 0.000 0.
Water bodies 35 0.005 0.064 0.001 0 0.000 35 98.740 0.
Colored cells: black: transition from category i to category n; green: category is active compared to uniform; red: category is d
error; dark gray: Commission error

S11. Transitions to water bodies, for the time interval 1990-2006, for the Mondego river basin
Observed Observed Transition Uniform Uniform Uniform Hypothesized Commission Comm
FROM
Transition Transition Intensity Intensity Transition Transition Error Intensity Inte
percent
percent of percent of of 1990 percent of perc
number of number of number of percent of
Category interval's 1990 non- interval's inte
elements elements elements transition
domain category Water domain dom
bodies
Urban 4 0.001 0.003 0.005 6 0.001 2 0.000 0.
Industrial 1 0.000 0.004 0.005 1 0.000 0 0.000 0.
Rainfed 0 0.000 0.000 0.005 31 0.005 31 0.000 0.
Rice 34 0.005 0.013 0.005 14 0.002 20 59.424 0.
Heterogeneous 133 0.020 0.005 0.005 138 0.021 5 0.000 0.
Forest 372 0.056 0.005 0.005 353 0.053 19 5.153 0.
Wetland 0 0.000 0.000 0.005 1 0.000 1 0.000 0.
Colored cells: black: transition from category i to category n; green: category is active compared to uniform; red: category is d
error; dark gray: Commission error