TUBA
TUBA
TUBA
ESSENTIAL
ELEMENTS
2000 COMPREHENSIVE BAND METHOD
Ancient Roman instruments used during military and ceremonial occasions were called “tubas.”
Actually, these bronze or brass instruments were ancestors to the trumpet.
For centuries, several attempts were made to invent a bass instrument for the brass family.
The tuba family includes the BB b Tuba (the most common), EE b and E b Tubas, F and C Tubas.
Tubas are the important bass foundation instrument of the concert band. They play bass lines,
blend with other instruments and play solos.
Wagner, Mahler, R. Strauss, Vaughan Williams and Hindemith are composers who have
included tubas in their writing. Some famous tuba performers are William J. Bell, Harvey
Phillips and Roger Bobo.
ISBN 0-634-00325-9
Copyright © 2004 by HAL LEONARD CORPORATION
International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved
2
THE BASICS
Posture
Sit on the edge of your chair, and always keep your:
●
Spine straight and tall
Taking Care Of
●
Shoulders back and relaxed Your Instrument
●
Feet flat on the floor Before putting your instrument
back in its case after playing, do
Breathing & Airstream the following:
Breathing is a natural thing we all do constantly. To discover the correct ●
Use the water key to empty
airstream to play your instrument: water from the instrument.
●
Place the palm of your hand near your mouth. Blow air through it.
●
Inhale deeply through the corners of your mouth, keeping your ●
Remove the mouthpiece.
shoulders steady. Your waist should expand like a balloon. Once a week, wash the mouth-
●
Slowly whisper “tah” as you gradually exhale air into your palm. piece with warm tap water.
The air you feel is the airstream. It produces sound through the instru- Dry thoroughly.
ment. Your tongue is like a faucet or valve that releases the airstream.
●
Wipe off the instrument with
a clean soft cloth. Return the
Producing The Essential Tone instrument to its case.
“Buzzing” through the mouthpiece produces your tone. The buzz is a fast
Tuba valves occasionally need
vibration in the center of your lips. Your embouchure (ahm´-bah-shure) is
oiling. To oil your tuba valves:
your mouth’s position on the mouthpiece of the instrument. A good em-
●
Unscrew the valve at the top of
bouchure takes time and effort, so carefully follow these steps for success:
the casing.
BUZZING ●
Lift the valve half-way out of
●
Moisten your lips. the casing.
●
Bring your lips together as if saying the letter “m.” ●
Apply a few drops of special
●
Relax your jaw to separate your upper and lower teeth. brass valve oil to the exposed
●
Form a slightly puckered smile to firm the corners of your mouth. valve.
●
Direct a full airstream through the center of your lips, creating a buzz. ●
Carefully return the valve to its
●
Buzz frequently without your mouthpiece. casing. When properly inserted,
the top of the valve should
MOUTHPIECE PLACEMENT easily screw back into place.
●
Form your “buzzing” embouchure.
●
Center the mouthpiece on your lips. Your teacher may Be sure to grease the slides regu-
suggest a slightly different mouthpiece placement. larly. Your director will recom-
●
Take a full breath through the corners of your mouth. mend special slide grease and
●
Start your buzz with the syllable “tah.” Buzz through the valve oil, and will help you apply
center of your lips keeping a steady, even buzz. Your lips them when necessary.
provide a cushion for the mouthpiece.
MOUTHPIECE WORKOUT
Using only the mouthpiece, form your embouchure carefully. Take a deep breath without raising your shoulders.
Begin buzzing your lips by whispering “tah” and gradually exhale your full airstream. Strive for an even tone.
“tah”-—— REST
“tah”-—— REST
3
Getting It Together
Step 1 If you are playing a TUBA, rest it across your lap with the mouthpiece receiver toward you.
If you are playing a SOUSAPHONE, place the open circular section over your left shoulder.
Rest your right arm comfortably on the tubing.
Step 2 Carefully twist the mouthpiece to the right into the mouthpiece receiver.
Step 3 Place your right thumb in the thumb ring. Rest your fingertips on top of the valves,
keeping your wrist straight. Your fingers should curve naturally.
Long Tone
-—— To begin, we’ll use a special “Long Tone” note. Hold the tone until your
teacher tells you to rest. Practice long tones each day to develop your sound.
F
-—— -——
REST REST
F F
1 2 3
“F” is played with open valves. Just rest your fingers lightly on the valves.
Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ
F F F F F F F F
Count: 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
Tap: ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B ? B
3. A NEW NOTE
Eb
Look for the fingering diagram under each new note.
b -—— b -——
REST REST
E E
The black circles tell you which valves to push down. “ E b (E-flat)” is played with 1st valve.
4. TWO’S A TEAM
Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ
b b b b E E E E
F F F F
Count & Tap: 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
5. HEADING DOWN
Practice long tones on each new note.
D
-—— -——
REST REST
D D
6. MOVING ON UP
Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ
D D D D D D D
b b E E
F
Count & Tap: 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
5
Double Bar
indicates the end
Repeat Sign
.. Without stopping, play once
of a piece of music. again from the beginning.
C REST REST
8. FOUR BY FOUR
C
-—— C
-——
Œ Œ Œ ..
Repeat Sign
Œ Œ Œ
C C C C
D
F F F F b E
Count & Tap: 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
Bb
9. TOUCHDOWN
REST REST
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
THEORY
D E
B C
staff: Fourth line = Quarter note gets one beat F G A
E
is F.
Sharp # raises the note and remains in effect for the entire measure.
Flat b lowers the note and remains in effect for the entire measure.
Natural n cancels a flat A or sharp a and remains in effect for the entire measure.
11. READING THE NOTES Compare this to exercise 10, THE FAB FIVE.
? 44 Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ ..
bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
15. RHYTHM RAP Clap the rhythm while counting and tapping.
44 ˙
Repeat Sign
..
Clap
œ œ ˙ Ó ˙ œ œ ˙ Ó œ œ œ œ ˙ Ó
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
17. HOT CROSS BUNS Try this song on your mouthpiece only. Then play it on your instrument.
?4 Ó Ó Ó
4
˙ ˙ b˙ ˙ ˙ b˙ bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ b˙
Breath Mark
, Take a deep breath through your mouth after you play a full-length note.
w-—-— = 4 Beats ∑ =
A Whole Measure
of Silent Beats
∑ Ó
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & hangs from sits on a
a staff line. staff line.
20. RHYTHM RAP Clap the rhythm while counting and tapping.
44 Clapw œ œ œ œ w ∑ ˙ œ œ w ..
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
THEORY
Key The Key Signature tells us which notes to play with sharps or flats throughout a A
Signature the music. Your Key Signature indicates the Key of B b – play all B’s and E’s as flats.
? ? b b 44
G w ˙ ˙ ˙ Ó œœœœ ˙ Ó ˙ œœ ˙ ˙ Ó
w
G ˙
28. AU CLAIRE DE LA LUNE
? b b 44 , , , French Folk Song
œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ w
29. REMIX
? b b 44 , ,
Ó
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ w
THEORY
Harmony Two or more notes played together. Each combination forms a chord.
Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) was a child prodigy who started playing professionally at
age six, and lived during the time of the American Revolution. Mozart’s music is melodic and imaginative. He wrote more
than 600 compositions during his short life, including a piano piece based on the famous song, “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.”
32. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS QUIZ Draw these symbols where they belong and ? .. 44
write in the note names before you play:
E bb œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ w
œ œ œ œ
9
44 œ œ œ œ œ Œ Ó œ œ œ œ œ Œ Ó œ œ œ œ œ Œ Ó œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ Œ ..
Clap
f F p f
,
38. JINGLE BELLS Also practice new music on your mouthpiece only.
, , J. S. Pierpont
,
? b4
b 4
œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙
F , , ,
? bb
œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ
w
f
,
39. MY DREYDL Use full breath support at all dynamic levels.
,
? b b 44
Traditional Hanukkah Song
Œ Œ
œ œœœœ œ˙ œ œœœœ ˙ œ œœœœ œ˙ œ œœœœ ˙ œ
F p f
, ,
? bb Œ Œ
œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙
10
Eighth Notes
œ œ
Each Eighth Note = 1/2 Beat
œ œ — —
œ œ œ œ
Two or more Eighth Beam
1 &
2 Eighth Notes = 1 Beat
Play on down and up taps. 1 & 2 &
Notes have a beam
across the stems. œ œ œ œ =œ œ œ œ
40. RHYTHM RAP Clap the rhythm while counting and tapping.
44 œ œ œ œ œ
Clap
œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ ..
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
Italian composer Gioacchino Rossini (1792–1868) began composing as a teenager and was very proficient on the piano,
viola and horn. He wrote “William Tell” at age 37 as the last of his forty operas, and its familiar theme is still heard today on
radio and television.
E œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ
F ,
? bb Œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ
f
11
THEORY
4
? 24 = 2 beats per measure Practice conducting this
1 2
24 œ œ
Clap
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ..
1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 &
Tempo is the speed of music. Tempo markings are usually written above the staff, in Italian.
Tempo Markings Allegro – Fast tempo Moderato – Medium tempo Andante – Slower walking tempo
œ œ œ œœœœ œ œœ œ œ œ œœœ
œ œ œ œ œ œœ œœœ œ
f Reproduced by Permission of Boosey & Hawkes Music Publishers Ltd.
Dynamics
Crescendo (gradually louder) Decrescendo or Diminuendo (gradually softer)
44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ..
Clap
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ
p f p
PERFORMANCE SPOTLIGHT
52. PERFORMANCE WARM-UPS
TONE BUILDER
? b b 44 U
∑ ∑
œ œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ w
RHYTHM ETUDE
? b b 44 U
Ó Ó
œ œ œœœœ ˙ œ œ œœœœ ˙ œ œ œœœœ
w
RHYTHM RAP
44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ..
Clap
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‹
Stomp!
CHORALE
? b b 44Andante U
Ó
w ˙ ˙ w ˙ ˙
w ˙ ˙ ˙ p w
p F
53. AURA LEE – Duet or Band Arrangement
(Part A = Melody, Part B = Harmony)
George R. Poulton
? b b 44
Andante
2① ②
French Folk Song
? bb 4
œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙
œ œ œ œ
F
? bb ..
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙
f
13
PERFORMANCE SPOTLIGHT
55. WHEN THE SAINTS GO MARCHING IN – Band Arrangement
Arr. by John Higgins
? b b 44
Allegro 3 Measure number
∑ ∑ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙
F
? bb
11
Œ Ó Œ Œ Œ Œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w œ ˙ œ
f
? bb
19
Œ Œ
œ ˙ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
56. OLD MACDONALD HAD A BAND – Section Feature
? b b Allegro
44 Œ Œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
F
? bb
9
..
2nd time go on to meas. 13
Œ ∑ Ó ∑
˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
f p
? bb
13
Œ Œ Œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œœœ œ œ œ
f
57. ODE TO JOY (from Symphony No. 9) Ludwig van Beethoven
? b b 44
Moderato Arr. by John Higgins
œ œ ˙
œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œœœ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ
˙
F
? bb
9 13
Ó Œ
œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œœœ œ œ œ œ ˙
˙ p ˙ œ œ
f
? bb U
Œ
˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œœœ œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ œ œ w
58. HARD ROCK BLUES – Encore
? b b 44Allegro
John Higgins
Œ Ó Œ Ó Œ Ó
œ
œ œ œœ œ œ
œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
f
? bb Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Ó ..
œ œ œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœ œ
14
Tie A curved line connecting notes of the same pitch. Play ? bœ œ = 2 Beats
one note for the combined counts of the tied notes.
American composer Stephen Collins Foster (1826–1864) was born near Pittsburgh, PA. He has become the most recognized
song writer of his time for works such as “Oh Susanna,” which became popular during the California Gold Rush of 1849.
Among his most well-known songs are “My Old Kentucky Home” and “Camptown Races.”
THEORY
4
? 43 = 3 beats per measure Practice conducting this
1 3
HISTORY
Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg (1843–1907) wrote Peer Gynt Suite for a play by Henrik Ibsen in 1875, the year
before the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. “Morning” is a melody from Peer Gynt Suite. Music
used in plays, or in films and television, is called incidental music.
œ œ œ œ œ œ \ ˙ ˙ \
? b b 44
œ œ œ œ œ ˙
˙
16
Accidental Flat b
THEORY Any sharp, flat or natural sign which A flat sign lowers the pitch of a note by a half-step. The
appears in the music without being in note A-flat sounds a half-step below A, and all A’s become
the key signature is called an accidental. A-flats for the rest of the measure where they occur.
Ab
? ? b b 24 Flat applies to all A’s in measure.
bw œ œ b˙ œ œ b˙ bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ b˙
Ab
Ab
75. BASIC BLUES – New Note
? ? b b 44 ..
bw œ œ œ œ b œ Ab œ œ œ œœ œ b œ œ œ ˙
œ œ œ Flat applies to all A’s in measure.
? bb
1. 2.
b ∑ .. ∑
THEORY
bœ œ œ .. Œ Œ
œ œ œ ˙. œ
˙ œ
2nd
time —
HISTORY
Japanese folk music actually has its origins in ancient China. “Sakura, Sakura” was performed on instruments such as
the koto, a 13-string instrument that is more than 4000 years old, and the shakuhachi or bamboo flute. The unique
sound of this ancient Japanese melody results from the pentatonic (or five-note) sequence used in this tonal system.
? b 4Andante
Arr. by John Higgins
b b4
œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙
F p
? bb ∑
b ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ
œ œ œ œ ˙ F
? bb
b
>œ >œ >˙ œ> >œ >˙ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ w
f p
17
78. UP ON A HOUSETOP
? b b 44
Allegro 1. 2.
Œ œ œœ Œ .. Œ
œ œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ >˙
F > >
Check
Key Signature f
? bb Œ Œ
œ œœ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
>œ >œ > œ œ œ œ >œ
> >
79. JOLLY OLD ST. NICK – Duet
, , 2.
? b b 24
1.
..
Moderato
Bb
? ? b b 44 Œ
bw b ˙ œœ ˙ ˙ ˙ . œ œ œœŒœ œœŒœ
Bb ˙ ˙ ˙ w
81. WALTZ THEME (THE MERRY WIDOW WALTZ)
Franz Lehar
? b b 4Moderato
3 Œ Œ
b œ œ ˙. ˙.
˙ œ ˙ ˙ œ ˙
f
˙. œ
F
? bb
b œ ˙ œ ˙ œ ˙ œ ˙. ˙. ˙. œ Œ Œ
˙ f
F
© Glocken Verlag Ltd., London
Reproduced by Permission
b b4 ..
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
F
84. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS QUIZ
? b b 4Moderato
3 Œ Œ
E b
˙. ˙ œ
f
œ> œ œ ˙ . œ> œ œ œ> œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙.
F p
85. ESSENTIAL CREATIVITY Using these notes, improvise your own rhythms:
? b 4
b b4w w w w w w
w w
18
,
86. TONE BUILDER Use a steady stream of air. , , ,
? b b 44 ..
œ œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ w
87. RHYTHM BUILDER
? b b 44
b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ ..
88. TECHNIQUE TRAX
? b b 44
b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w
? bb œ ..
b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w
89. CHORALE (Adapted from Cantata 147) Johann Sebastian Bach
? b b 43 U U
œ œ ˙ ..
œ ˙ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙.
˙ œ ˙ ˙
p
THEORY
? b b 44Theme Variation 1
œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œœ œ œœ˙
œ œ œ œœ
F
? bb Variation 2
œ
œ œœœ œœ œ œœ˙ œœœœœ œœ œœ ˙ œœœœœ œœ œœœœ˙
At the D.C. al Fine play again from the beginning, stopping at Fine (fee’- nay).
D.C. al Fine D.C. is the abbreviation for Da Capo, or “to the beginning,” and Fine means “the end.”
˙ ˙ ˙ œ ˙
f œ œ œ œœ œœœ ˙ œœœœœ œœ œ
F
? bb D.C. al Fine
œ
œ œ œ œœ œœœ ˙ œœœœœ œœ œœ ˙ œ œ œ œœ œœœ ˙
19
THEORY
Natural n A natural sign cancels a flat A or sharp a and remains in effect for the entire measure.
HISTORY
African-American spirituals originated in the 1700’s, midway through the period of slavery in the United States.
One of the largest categories of true American folk music, these primarily religious songs were sung and passed on
for generations without being written down. The first collection of spirituals was published in 1867, four years after
The Emancipation Proclamation was signed into law.
Ragtime is an American music style that was popular from the 1890’s until the time of World War I. This early form of
jazz brought fame to pianists like “Jelly Roll” Morton and Scott Joplin, who wrote “The Entertainer” and “Maple Leaf Rag.”
Surprisingly, the style was incorporated into some orchestral music by Igor Stravinsky and Claude Debussy.
The trombones now learn to play a glissando, a technique used in ragtime and other styles of music.
Phrase A musical “sentence” which is often 2 or 4 measures long. Try to play a phrase in one breath.
This Key Signature The number above the staff tells you
indicates the Key of F – play how many full measures to rest.
all B’s as B-flats. Count each measure of rest in sequence:
1-2-3-4 2-2-3-4
102. SATIN LATIN
, 2
? b 44Allegro
˙. œ ˙ ˙ ˙.
F ˙ . œ En ˙ œ œ , œ ˙ ˙ w w 1-2-3-4 2-2-3-4
?b
˙. œ w ˙. œ œ œ ˙ w w
F ˙ ˙ ˙. œ
HISTORY
German composer Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) was part of a large family of famous musicians and
became the most recognized composer of the Baroque era. Beginning as a choir member, Bach soon became
an organist, a teacher, and a prolific composer, writing more than 600 masterworks. This Minuet, or dance in
3/4 time, was written as a teaching piece for use with an early form of the piano.
105. NATURALLY ,
? b 24 Œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ ˙ bœ œ œ œ bœ nœ ˙ œ
En Eb
HISTORY
Austrian composer Franz Peter Schubert (1797–1828) lived a shorter life than any other great composer, but he
created an incredible amount of music: more than 600 art-songs (concert music for voice and accompaniment), ten
symphonies, chamber music, operas, choral works and piano pieces. His “March Militaire” was originally a piano duet.
? b b 24
Allegro Franz Schubert
œœ œ œœ œœ œ Aœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
f nœ nœ œ œœ
˙
F œ
? bb
œ œ ˙ œœœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœœ œœœ œœœœ ˙
107. THE FLAT ZONE – New Note
Db
? ? b b 44
b œ œ b˙ œ œ bœ œ œ ˙
bw œ bœ ˙ b˙
Db
? b b 43 Allegro
Œ Œ
b ˙. ˙. œ
œ œ œ œ bœ bœ œ œ ˙ . ˙. œ
œ
f
? bb Œ Œ
b ˙.
œ œ œ ˙. œ œ bœ œ œ ˙. ˙. œ
HISTORY
Boogie-woogie is a style of the blues, and it was first recorded by pianist Clarence “Pine Top” Smith in 1928,
one year after Charles Lindbergh’s solo flight across the Atlantic. A form of jazz, blues music features altered
notes and is usually written in 12-measure verses, like “Bottom Bass Boogie.”
b œ. œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ ˙ œ. œ w bœ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ bœ œ œ œ œ . œ ˙
F p
113. SEA CHANTY Always use a full airstream.
, English Folk Song
,
? b b 43 Moderato
j j j
œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ ˙.
f
˙ œ œ ˙. œ. œ œ ˙.
,
? bb j j j
œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ ˙. œ œ œ ˙ œ œ. œ œ
F f ˙.
114. SCARBOROUGH FAIR
, English Folk Song
,
? b b 43 Andante
j
b
˙ œ œ œ œ œ . b œj œ ˙ . ˙ œ ˙ œ œ. œ œ ˙ œ
F ,
? bb j j
b˙ œ ˙ œ œ . œ bœ œ ˙ bœ
f ˙ œ ˙ œ. œ œ ˙.
F p
115. RHYTHM RAP
44Clapœ . j j j
œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ. ˙ ..
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
117. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS QUIZ – AULD LANG SYNE Scottish Folk Song
? b b 44 Andante
j
E j j j
œ œ. œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ
F œ
˙ . œ
f
œ. œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙.
j j
.
œ
Check Rhythm
23
PERFORMANCE SPOTLIGHT
You can perform this solo with or without a piano accompanist. Play it for the band, the school or
Solo with Piano your family. It is part of Symphony No. 9 (“From The New World”) by Czech composer Antonin
Accompaniment Dvorák (1841–1904). He wrote it while visiting America in 1894, and was inspired to include
melodies from American folksongs and spirituals. This is the Largo (or “very slow tempo”) theme.
? b b 44
Largo 4 5 Measure number
j j j j Œ
œ. œ ˙ œ. œ ˙ œ. œ œ. œ ˙.
p
? bb j Œ j 13
œ ˙ j j œ. œ ˙ œ œ ˙
œ. œ. œ ˙ œ œ .
œ œ ˙. F
? bb Œ j Œ
œ œ œ œ ˙. œ. œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙.
? bb
21
j j jœ. j Œ j j
œ. œ ˙ œ. œ ˙ . œ œ ˙. œ. œ ˙
p
œ œ. œ ˙
? bb
29 Slower 2 U
j j
œ œ œ. œ w œ œ œ. œ w
p
Piano Accompaniment
b
& b 44
Largo 5
j
& ˙˙ ˙˙˙ œœ .. œ ˙ œœ œœ ˙˙ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œ˙ . œ ˙ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ w
w˙ œ
˙ #œ . ˙ ˙ F
Œ
? b w œ œ ˙ w w
b ˙ œ œ
œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ ˙ œ œ
b 21
Great musicians give encouragement to fellow performers. On this page, clarinetists learn their instruments’ upper
register in the “Grenadilla Gorilla Jumps” (named after the grenadilla wood used to make clarinets). Brass players
learn lip slurs, a new warm-up pattern. The success of your band depends on everyone’s effort and encouragement.
The distance between two pitches is an interval. Starting with “1” on the lower note, count each line
Interval and space between the notes. The number of the higher note is the distance of the interval.
?
THEORY
6 7 7 8
4 5 5 5 6 5 6
3 4 4 4 4
1 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
125. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS QUIZ Write in the numbers of the intervals, counting up from the lower notes.
? b b 44 Œ
E b
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙.
Intervals: 2nd
25
126. GRENADILLA GORILLA JUMP No. 4
? b 44
œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙
127. THREE IS THE COUNT ,
? b b 43 Œ ..
b nœ
œ œ ˙ nœ œ œ nœ ˙. œ Aœ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙
131. KUM BAH YAH – Trio Always check the key signature.
j j
African Folk Song
? b 2 Moderato
œ Œ œ œ œ. œ ˙ Œ
A b b 4 œ œ œ. œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ
F
? b 2
B b b 4 œ œ œ . œj ˙ œ œ ˙
j
œ Œ œ œ œ. œ ˙ œ œ ˙
Œ
F
œ
? bb 2 Œ Œ
C b 4 œ œ œ . œj ˙ œ œ ˙ œ
j
œ œ œ. œ ˙
F œ œ ˙ œ
? b j
A b b œ œ œ. œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ Œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙
p
? bb j Œ
B b œ œ œ. œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙
p
? b Œ
C b b œ œ œ . œj ˙ œ œ ˙ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙
p
26
Repeat Signs
.. .. Repeat the section of music enclosed by the repeat signs.
(If 1st and 2nd endings are used, they are played as usual — but
go back only to the first repeat sign, not to the beginning.)
?c = Common Time
4
1 4
142. THE SAINTS GO MARCHIN’ AGAIN James Black and Katherine Purvis
? b b 44 Œ
Allegro
.. w Œ œ
b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ w œ œ
f
? bb
1. 2.
b ˙. œ ˙ ˙ œ ˙. œ Œ œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ w œ ..
œœ œ w
143. LOWLAND GORILLA WALK
? b b 44 j
b ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ. w
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ
THEORY
A scale is a sequence of notes in ascending or descending order. Like a musical “ladder,” each
Scale step is the next consecutive note in the key. This scale is in your Key of B b (two flats), so the
top and bottom notes are both B b ’s. The interval between the B b ’s is an octave.
? bb c Steps: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
˙
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
..
˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
w
THEORY
When two or more notes are played together, they form a chord or harmony. This B b chord is
Chord & built from the 1st, 3rd and 5th steps of the B b scale. The 8th step is the same as the 1st, but it is an
Arpeggio octave higher. An arpeggio is a “broken” chord whose notes are played individually.
148. IN HARMONY Divide the notes of the chords between band members and play together. Does the arpeggio sound like a chord?
Arpeggio Arpeggio
? b b 44 Chord 1 3 5 3 1
Œ
Chord
w
8
œ œ
5 3 5 8
˙. Œ ..
w
w
w œ œ
œ œ
˙. w
w œ œ
149. SCALE AND ARPEGGIO
? b b 44
Scale Arpeggio Scale Arpeggio
Œ ˙ œ œ Œ ..
˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ
œ ˙. œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙.
HISTORY
Austrian composer Franz Josef Haydn (1732–1809) wrote 104 symphonies. Many of these works had nicknames
and included brilliant, unique effects for their time. His Symphony No. 94 was named “The Surprise Symphony”
because the soft second movement included a sudden loud dynamic, intended to wake up an often sleepy
audience. Pay special attention to dynamics when you play this famous theme.
E b
F
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ j
œ œ. œ ˙ œ œ œ œ
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
,
? bb
2.
bœ œ œ ˙ œ .. œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ
œ œ œ ˙. œ
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
29
PERFORMANCE SPOTLIGHT
152. SCHOOL SPIRIT – Band Arrangement W.T. Purdy
? b b 24
March Style 5 Measure Number Arr. by John Higgins
b j j Œ ..
œ> . œ œ> . œ œ œ œ> œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
F
f
? bb
13
bœ œ œ> œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ > > > œ œ
? bb
21
b œœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ> œ œ œ
œ> > > > > œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œœ
1. 2.
? bb
29
œ œ ..
b œ œ œ
œ> œ œ œ œ > œ> œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ> œ> œ> œ> œ> œ>
f
When playing music marked Soli, you are part of a group “solo” or group feature. Listen carefully in
Soli “Carnival of Venice,” and name the instruments that play the Soli part at each indicated measure number.
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ Œ
œ œ œ œ œ>
F f
? bb
5 8 13 8 21 7
? bŒ Soli 29
b Œ ˙
œ > œ œ> œ œ œ> œ
f >˙ œ œ
? bb end Soli 37 7
Œ Œ
>˙
œ >˙ œ
>˙ . œ
? b
45
b œ œ œ
œ ˙. œ œ œ >˙
. >˙ . >˙
.
p
>
F
? bb Œ Œ
>˙ . œ> œ œ œ >œ œ œ œ œ> œ> œ> œ> œ>
f
30
? b b 43 U U
j ..
b œ œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙. ˙.
p
œ œ F ˙ ˙ œ ˙
p
HISTORY
The traditional Hebrew melody “Hatikvah” has been Israel’s national anthem since the nation’s inception.
At the Declaration of State in 1948, it was sung by the gathered assembly during the opening ceremony
and played by members of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra at its conclusion.
? b b 44
Andante 1. 2.
œ˙ j ..
b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ
œœœ œœœœ˙
F
? bb
6
b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
œ œ
f
? b
b bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
? b
14
b bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
F
31
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
Eighth Note e= 1/2 beat of sound j‰ j‰ ‰ œj ‰ œj
& Eighth Rest ‰ = 1/2 beat of silence œ œ
1 & 2 & 1 & 2 &
24 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œj ‰ œj ‰ œj ‰ œj ‰ œ œ œj ‰ œ œ œj ‰ œj ‰ œj ‰ œ œj ‰ ..
Clap
1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 &
160. MINUET
Johann Sebastian Bach
? b b Moderato
43 œ œ j‰ j‰ œ œ œ œ œ j‰ j‰
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
F
? bb
1. 2.
.. j‰
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ
161. RHYTHM RAP
44Clapœ j j j j ..
œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ ‰ œ œ ‰ œ œ Œ
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
Gb
? ? b b 44 j j
bw b bœ œ œ œ ˙ bœ œ œ . œ bœ œ b˙ . Œ œ . œ bœ œ bw
Gb
HISTORY
American composer and conductor John Philip Sousa (1854–1932) wrote 136 marches. Known as “The March King,”
Sousa wrote The Stars And Stripes Forever, Semper Fidelis, The Washington Post and many other patriotic works. Sousa’s
band performed all over the country, and his fame helped boost the popularity of bands in America. Here is a melody
from his famous El Capitan operetta and march.
? b b 24 ˙
Allegro
œ œ œ œ j‰ j‰
œ œ œ ˙
f An œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ
? bb
1. 2.
j
œ œ œœœ j‰ j‰ j ‰ œ .. j‰ œ ‰
œ œ œ b >˙ œ œœ
œ œ œ >
>˙ >˙
Reproduced by Permission of Boosey & Hawkes Music Publishers Ltd.
HISTORY
“O Canada,” formerly known as the “National Song,” was first performed during 1880 in French Canada. Robert
Stanley Weir translated the English language version in 1908, but it was not adopted as the national anthem of
Canada until 1980, one hundred years after its premiere.
? bb c
Maestoso (Majestically) and Justice R.S. Weir
j Œ j
˙
>
œ> . œ ˙ . œ œ œ œ œ ˙. ˙ nœ . œ ˙ . œ
F > f
? bb
9
œ œ œ œ j j
˙. œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
F
? b j j Œ
b
˙. œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ nœ œ œ ˙ .
p F
? bb
17
j Œ j Œ j
œ> . œ ˙ . ˙ .
œ œ . ˙ .
bœ œ nœ œ œ
˙
> ˙ œ
f >
? bb Œ j
œ. œ œ
˙ ˙ ˙. >˙ > > œ œ œ ˙
˙ w
168. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS QUIZ – METER MANIA Count and clap before playing. Can you conduct this?
? b 4 œ 3 4 j‰ j‰ j ‰ j‰ ˙
E b b4œ œ œ 4˙ œ ˙. 4œ œ ˙ œ œ
? bb œ œ œ 43 ˙ ˙. 44 ˙ j Ó
b œ œ ˙ œ œ.
33
and D¯ F˜
C˜ and G¯
Enharmonics
THEORY
Two notes that are written differently, but sound On a piano keyboard, each
the same (and played with the same fingering) are black key is both a flat and
called enharmonics. Your fingering chart on pages a sharp:
46–47 shows the fingerings for the enharmonic
notes on your instrument.
C D E F G A B C
G b/F #
169. SNAKE CHARMER Enharmonic notes use the same fingering.
? ? b b 44 ..
b w #w œ œ œ œ bw nœ œ œ œ #w #
Gb F
Db/ C #
171. CLOSE ENCOUNTERS Enharmonic notes use the same fingering.
? ? b 43 ..
bw # w œ œ œ œ #˙ . # œ œ œ œ b˙ . b
C D
Chromatic notes are altered with sharps, flats and natural signs which are not in the
Chromatic key signature. The smallest distance between two notes is a half-step, and a scale made
Notes up of consecutive half-steps is called a chromatic scale.
174. HALF-STEPPIN’
? bc Œ ˙ ˙
b b˙ n˙ ˙. bœ œ bœ œ n œ bœ œ bœ
œ #œ œ œ n œ œ #œ œ w
34
HISTORY
French composer Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921) wrote music for virtually every medium: operas, suites,
symphonies and chamber works. The “Egyptian Dance” is one of the main themes from his famous opera
Samson et Delilah. The opera was written in the same year that Thomas Edison invented the phonograph—1877.
? b b 44 Largo Fine
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
œ œ
F
? bb D.C. al Fine
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
f p
HISTORY
German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) is considered to be one of the world’s greatest composers,
despite becoming completely deaf in 1802. Although he could not hear his music the way we can, he could “hear” it
in his mind. As a testament to his greatness, his Symphony No. 9 (p. 13) was performed as the finale to the ceremony
celebrating the reunification of Germany in 1990. This is the theme from his Symphony No. 7, second movement.
A b ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙
p
? b b 44
b
œ œ nœ œ œ œ
B
bw
p w œ bœ ˙ œ œ œ bœ ˙ b˙ .
? bb
9
A b ˙ œ œ Œ .. ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙
˙. ˙ œ nœ ˙ ˙
F
? bb Œ ..
B b bœ œ b˙ œœ œ œ œ w nw bw œ œ b˙
F
? bb
1. 2. U
b ˙ œ nœ ˙. Œ .. œ nœ w
A
œ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙
? bb U
B b ..
bw ˙ b˙ œ bœ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ bœ ˙ œœ w
35
HISTORY
Russian composer Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) wrote six symphonies and hundreds of other works including
The Nutcracker ballet. He was a master at writing brilliant settings of folk music, and his original melodies are among the
most popular of all time. His 1812 Overture and Capriccio Italien were both written in 1880, the year after Thomas Edison
developed the practical electric light bulb.
178. CAPRICCIO ITALIEN Always check the key signature. Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky
? b b 43
Allegro 1. 2.
.. ..
œ ˙ œ ˙ œ ˙ œ ˙ nœ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ
f
? b b ..
1. 2.
.. j‰ Œ
˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙.
œ œ œ ˙. œ
œ
œ œ œœœœ œ œ œœœœ œ œ œ ˙. œ œ œœœ œ
F ,
? bb
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
w
,
? bb Œ
œ œ œ œ ˙. œ
œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙.
b Œ Œ
œ œ œ w
œ œ œ œ œ ˙.
œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ w
p
? bb j ‰ Œ
bœ
œ œ œ w œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙. œ œ œ w œ œœœ œ w
PERFORMANCE SPOTLIGHT
182. AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL – Band Arrangement Samuel A. Ward
Arr. by John Higgins
? b b 44
Maestoso
b ∑ œ œ œ w œ œœ œ œ œ
> >œ > > >œ > > > > >œ > > >œ > >œ w
f
? bb
7 Andante
b œ nœ œ œ bw ˙
w w w ˙ ˙ ˙
p
? bb
15
b œ bœ ˙ œ œ œ œ
œ œ ˙ >˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ
f
,
? bb j
b˙ ˙ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ
F œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ ˙
> f
? bb
25 Maestoso
U
b ∑ œ œ œ œœ w œ œœ œ j
> > >> > > >>> œ >˙ œ> . >œ w>
f > >
183. LA CUCARACHA – Band Arrangement Latin American Folk Song
Arr. by John Higgins
? b b 44
Latin Rock 5
b jœ œ Œ Ó j Œ Ó j j
œ> . œ > > >œ œ . œ œ œ> >œ œ. œ ˙ œ. œ œ œ
> F
f
? bb
b œ . œj ˙ j œ j j œ j œ œ œœœœ
œ. œ œ œ. œ ˙ œ. œ œ œ. œ ˙
? bb
13
b œ . œj ˙ j
œ. œ œ œ œ. œ ˙
j j œ j j œ
œ. œ œ œ. œ ˙ œ. œ œ
? bb j Œ j
b j
œ . œ
j
œ œ œ . œ œ œ. œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ
œ. œ ˙ p œœœœœœ
? b b ..
25
b œ . œj ˙ j Œ Ó j œ j j œ
.
> > >œ œ >œ >œ >œ œ. œ œ >œ . œ >˙ >œ . œ >œ >
f
? bb
1. 2.
b Œ Ó œ œ .. Œ Ó Œ j Ó Œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ . œ œ
>œ > œ œ œ > œ >œ
37
PERFORMANCE SPOTLIGHT
184. THEME FROM 1812 OVERTURE – Band Arrangement Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky
Arr. by John Higgins
? b b 44Allegro
b
w> >œ >˙ >œ >œ >˙ >œ >œ >˙ >œ >œ >˙ >œ
f
? bb
10
b Œ j
œ œ œ œ œ œ >œ >˙ œ. œ w w
p f p
? bb
b
˙. œ w ˙. œ w ˙. œ w
? bb
18 4
b Œ
w œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ >œ
F f
? bb
26
b >˙
>˙ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ
>œ >œ >œ >œ >œ
? bb
bœ
> >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ
? bb
34
bœ
> >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ w> >œ
>˙ >˙ >˙ .
? bb
42
bw w> w>
> >˙ >˙ w> w>
? bb ˙ ˙
b> . >œ n >œ >œ œ
> >˙ > >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ
? b U
b bœ Œ Œ Œ
.
j ˙ ˙
> >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ >œ > > w>
38
PERFORMANCE SPOTLIGHT
Performing for an audience is an exciting part of being involved in music. This solo is based on
Solo with Piano Symphony No. 1 by German composer Johannes Brahms (1833–1897). He completed his first
Accompaniment symphony in 1876, the same year that the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. You
and a piano accompanist can perform this for the band or at other school and community events.
185. THEME FROM SYMPHONY NO. 1 – Solo (Concert E b version) Johannes Brahms
,
Arr. by John Higgins
? b b 44
Allegro 3
∑ Ó Œ ..
b ˙ œ œ œ œ
Tuba
œ ˙
b 4 F
& b b 4 œ œ œ œ œ. j ..
˙ œ œ ˙. œ ˙ œœ œœ ˙˙ œœ œ
œ ˙. ˙ œ œ œ
Piano
F F
? b 4 œ Œ .. Œ Œ
b b 4 ˙ ˙ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
, ,
? b
b bœ œ œ œ ˙.
œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ
b Œ
& b b œœ œœ œœ œœ œ ˙˙ .. ˙ œœ œœ œ
˙. œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ ˙˙ œœ œ
œ
? b Œ Œ Œ Œ
b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
,
? bb Œ
bœ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ
p
b
& b b œœ œœ œœ œœ œ ˙˙ œ œ˙ . œ œ œ b œœ œ˙ . œ œ œ œœ
˙. œ ˙ œ œ
p
? b Œ Œ
b b œ œ œ œ ˙. œ ˙. œ
œ œ
? bb Œ
13
b œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ ˙ > F œ
f
b ˙˙
& b b œ œ œ œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œ œœ Œ
n œ˙ œ œœ ˙˙ >˙ œ œ œ œ œ
f F œ œ
? b œ œ œ œ n œœ
b b œ. j œ œ œ œ> œ Œ œ
œ œ
? bb
1. 2. U
Œ .. Œ Œ j
b œ œ œœ˙ œœ˙ œ> œ> . œ> w>
˙ > f
b U
.. j
1. 2.
& b b œ œ œœ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ. j Œ
œ.
˙ œ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ> . œ œœ œ> .
œ
œ>
w
w>
>
f
? b œ Aœ œ œ œ ˙
Œ .. ˙
Œ Œ j
U
b b œ œ œ œ ˙ œ ˙ œ
> œ> œ> . œ> w>
39
DUETS
Here is an opportunity to get together with a friend and enjoy playing music. The other player does not have to play
the same instrument as you. Try to exactly match each other’s rhythm, pitch and tone quality. Eventually, it may begin
to sound like the two parts are being played by one person! Later, try switching parts.
A bœ œœœ œœ Œ œœœ œœ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œœ
œ
Œ
> œ œ >œ œ œœ œœœœœœ
> p
? Œ Œ Œ
B bœ œ
œ œ œ œ œ> œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ >œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ> œ œ œ œ œ œ
p
40
3.
? b b 44
b œœœœ œœ˙ œ œœœœ œœ˙
œœœœ œ ˙ œœœœ œœ˙
4.
? b 4 Œ
b b4œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙.
? bb
bœ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ w
41
?b œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙
œ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ w
KEY OF A b In this key signature, play all B b ‘s, E b ‘s, A b ‘s and D b ‘s.
1.
? b b b 44
b œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w
2.
? b b2
bb 4 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
3.
? b b4
bb 4 œœœœ œœ˙ œœœœ œ ˙ œ œœ ˙
œœœœ œœ˙ œ œœœ
4.
? b b b 44 Œ
b
œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙.
? bb
bb œ ˙ œ œ œ œ w
œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙
42
E RHYTHM STUDIES
1 2 3 4
44 œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ Œ œ œ
5 6 7 8
44 œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ ˙ œ
9 10 11 12
44 œ œ œ Œ œ Œ ˙ Œ œ ˙ ˙ Œ œ
13 14 15 16
44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ
17 18 19 20
44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
21 22 23 24
44 œ œ œ œ Œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ
25 26 27 28
4˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ Ó Œ œ œ ˙
4
29 30 31 32
44 ˙ . œ ˙. Œ œ ˙. Œ ˙.
33 34 35 36
4 ˙. œ œ œ ˙. œ œ œ Œ œ w
4
43
E RHYTHM STUDIES
37 38 39 40
44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ
44 œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ ‰ œj ‰ œj ‰ œ œ œj ‰
j j j j j j j j
41 42 43 44
44 ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œj ‰ œj œ œ
j j j j j j j j
45 46 47 48
44 œ œ œj ‰ œj ‰ œ œ œ œ ‰ œj ‰ œj œ œ œ œ œj ‰ ‰ œj œ œ ‰ œj œ œ ‰ œj œj ‰
49 50 51 52
53
44 œ . j 54
j55 j 56
j
œ œ œ Œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ. œ Œ œ œ.
57 58 59
j 60
43 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ Œ œ œ œ
3
61 62
j j j 63
j 64 .
4˙ œ œ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ ˙
65
24 œ
66 67
j 68
j
œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ.
2 œj ‰ j j j j
69 70 71 72
4 œ ‰ ‰ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ ˙
44
CREATING MUSIC
Composition is the art of writing original music. A composer often begins by creating a melody
THEORY
made up of individual phrases, like short musical “sentences.” Some melodies have phrases that seem
Composition to answer or respond to “question” phrases, as in Beethoven’s Ode To Joy. Play this melody and listen
to how phrases 2 and 4 give slightly different answers to the same question (phrases 1 and 3).
? b b 44 1. Question
j
2. Answer
j
3. Question 4. Answer
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ ˙
2. Q. AND A. Write your own “answer” phrases in this melody.
? b b 44 1. Question 2. Answer
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
? bb 3. Question
˙
4. Answer
œ œ œ œ
œ œ
3. PHRASE BUILDERS Write 4 different phrases using the rhythms below each staff.
? b b 44 ˙ ? b b 44
A C
œ
˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
B
? b b 44 D
? b b 44
œ œ
œ œ ˙ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
? b4
1. Question 2. Answer
b 4
? bb
3. Question 4. Answer
?
w bw
THEORY
5. INSTANT MELODY
? b4 ..
A b 4
? b 44 ..
B b œ œ ˙ œ œ
œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ ˙
45
You can mark your progress through the book on this page. Fill in the stars as instructed by your band director.
28
27 1
2
26
3
25
4
24
23 ESSENTIAL 5
ELEMENTS
22 2000 6
21 STAR ACHIEVER 7
8
20
NAME_________________________________
19 9
18 10
17 11
12
16
15 13
14
1. Page 2–3, The Basics 15. Page 22, EE Quiz, No. 117
2. Page 5, EE Quiz, No. 13 16. Page 23, Performance Spotlight
3. Page 6, EE Quiz, No. 19 17. Page 24, EE Quiz, No. 125
4. Page 7, EE Quiz, No. 26 18. Page 26, Essential Creativity, No. 137
5. Page 8, EE Quiz, No. 32 19. Page 28, No. 149
6. Page 10, EE Quiz, No. 45 20. Page 28, EE Quiz, No. 151
7. Page 12–13, Performance Spotlight 21. Page 29, Performance Spotlight
8. Page 14, EE Quiz, No. 65 22. Page 31, EE Quiz, No. 164
9. Page 15, Essential Creativity, No. 72 23. Page 32, EE Quiz, No. 168
10. Page 17, EE Quiz, No. 84 24. Page 33, No. 174
11. Page 17, Essential Creativity, No. 85 25. Page 35, EE Quiz, No. 181
12. Page 19, EE Quiz, No. 98 26. Page 36, Performance Spotlight
13. Page 20, Essential Creativity, No. 104 27. Page 37, Performance Spotlight
14. Page 21, No. 109 28. Page 38, Performance Spotlight
= Open
= Pressed down
Instrument courtesy of Yamaha Corporation of America,
Band and Orchestral Division
E F F# Gb G
? ? ? ?
w w # w bw w
1 2 3
G# Ab A A# Bb B
? ? ? ?
# w bw w # w bw w
47
C C# Db D D# Eb
? ? ? ?
w # w bw w #w bw
E F F# Gb G
? ? ? ?
w w #w bw w
G# Ab A A# Bb B
? ? ? ?
#w bw w #w bw w
C C# Db D D# Eb
? w ? #w bw ? w ? #w bw
E F F# Gb G
? w ? w ? #w bw ? w
G# Ab A A# Bb
? #w bw ? w ? #w bw
48
E REFERENCE INDEX
Definitions (pg.) Slur 19 World Music
Accent 15 Soli 29 AFRICAN
Accidental 16 Solo 23, 38 ●
Kum Bah Yah 25
Allegro 11 Tempo 11
AMERICAN
Andante 11 Theme And Variations 18 ●
American Patrol 35
Arpeggio 28 Tie 14 ●
America The Beautiful 36
Bass Clef 5 (Bass clef inst.) Time Signature 5 ●
Aura Lee 12
Bar Lines 3 Treble Clef 5 (Treble clef inst.) ●
Ezekiel Saw The Wheel 19
Beat 4 Trio 25 ●
Go Tell Aunt Rhodie 6
Blues 21 Whole Note 7 ●
Michael Row The Boat Ashore 26
Breath Mark 6
Chord 28
Composers ●
On Top Of Old Smokey 21
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH ●
Skip To My Lou 10
Chromatic Notes 33
●
Chorale (from Cantata 147) 18 ●
Swing Low, Sweet Chariot 39
Chromatic Scale 33
Common Time 26
●
Chorale 30 ●
The Streets Of Laredo 28
Crescendo 11 ●
Minuet 20 ●
Wayfaring Stranger 35
D.C. al Fine 18 ●
Minuet 31 ●
When The Saints Go Marching In
Decrescendo 11 LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN 13, 27
Diminuendo 11 ●
Ode To Joy (from Sym. No. 9) 13 AUSTRALIAN
Dotted Half Note 14 ●
Theme From Symphony No. 7 34 ●
Botany Bay 26
Dotted Quarter Note 22 JOHANNES BRAHMS AUSTRIAN
Double Bar 5 ●
Theme From Sym. No. 1 38 ●
Austrian Waltz 26
Duet 7 (Brass & Low WW’s) CANADIAN
Dynamics 9 ANTONIN DVORÁK ●
Alouette 14
Eighth Note 10 ●
Theme From “New World Sym.” 23 ●
O Canada 32
Eighth Rest 31 STEPHEN COLLINS FOSTER CARIBBEAN
Embouchure 2 (Brass & WW’s) Banana Boat Song 18
●
Camptown Races 14 ●
Enharmonics 33 ●
Oh, Susanna 10 CHINESE
Fermata 8
EDVARD GRIEG ●
Silver Moon Boat 34
1st & 2nd Endings 16 ●
Morning (from Peer Gynt) 15 ENGLISH
Flat 5
FRANZ JOSEF HAYDN ●
London Bridge 8
Forte ( f ) 9
●
Theme From “Surprise Symphony” 28 ●
Scarborough Fair 22
Glissando 19 (Trombone)
Half Note 6 FRANZ LEHAR ●
Sea Chanty 22
Half-step 33 ●
Waltz Theme 17 FRENCH
Harmony 8 WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART ●
Au Claire De La Lune 8
Interval 24 ●
A Mozart Melody 8 ●
Frère Jacques 12
Key Signature 7 ●
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik 38 GERMAN
Largo 23 (High WW’s) ●
German Folk Song 27
Ledger Lines 3 JACQUES OFFENBACH ISRAELI
Measure 3 ●
Barcarolle 15 ●
Hatikva 30
Mezzo Forte ( F ) 9 GIOACCHINO ROSSINI ITALIAN
Moderato 11 ●
William Tell 10 ●
Carnival Of Venice 29
Multiple Measure Rest 20 JAPANESE
CAMILLE SAINT-SAËNS
Music Staff 3 Sakura, Sakura 16
●
Egyptian Dance 34 ●
Natural Sign 5
FRANZ SCHUBERT MEXICAN
Notes 4
●
March Militaire 21 ●
Chiapanecas 15
Phrase 20
JEAN SIBELIUS ●
La Bamba 39
Piano ( p ) 9
●
Finlandia 26 ●
La Cucaracha 36
Pick-Up Notes 9
Quarter Note 4 JOHN PHILIP SOUSA SCOTTISH
Ragtime 19 ●
El Capitan 32 ●
Auld Lang Syne 22
Repeat Sign 5, 26 ●
High School Cadets 11 TRADITIONAL HOLIDAY MUSIC
Rests 4, 6, 7, 31 PETER ILLYICH TCHAIKOVSKY ●
Jingle Bells 9
Round (Canon) 12 ●
Capriccio Italien 35 ●
Jolly Old St. Nick 17
Scale 28 ●
March Slav 33 ●
My Dreydl 9
Sharp 5 ●
1812 Overture 37 ●
Up On A Housetop 17