Mathematics

Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

LESSON 1.1
Introduction to Quadratic Equations
Table of Contents

Introduction 1

Test Your Prerequisite Skills 2

DepEd Competencies 2

Objectives 3

Warm-Up! 3

Learn about It! 4

Quadratic Equations 4

Let’s Practice 6

Check Your Understanding 11

Key Point 11

Photo Credit 12

Bibliography 12
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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Lesson 1.1
Introduction to Quadratic Equations

Fig. 1. Tennis racket and balls

Introduction
Equations are used to represent situations logically to be solved mathematically. At this point,
you are already familiar with linear equations. However, linear equations are not enough to
represent a variety of situations. In most real-world situations, especially in the applications
of physics, the concept of quadratic equation is used. A quadratic equation can be used to
find a curve that an object such as a tennis ball, a shuttlecock, or a football takes when it glides
into the air.

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Test Your Prerequisite Skills

Before starting the lesson, answer the following items. The above skills are needed in studying
the lessons in this unit. Show your complete solution.

1. Translate the following statements to mathematical phrases or sentences.

a. The sum of 8 and 𝑦 is 5.
b. Four less than the square of a number is 0.
c. A number multiplied by 4 is added to the square of the number.
2. Solve each linear equation.
a. 2𝑥 + 5 = 13
b. 2(𝑠 + 5) − 7 = 3(𝑠 − 2)
5 1 1
c. 4
𝑟 + 2 = 2𝑟 − 2

3. Factor each expression completely.

a. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
b. 𝑥 2 − 49
c. 9𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 4

DepEd Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:

● Illustrate quadratic equations (M9AL-Ia-1).

● Solve problems involving quadratic equations and rational algebraic

equations (M9AL-Ie-1).

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

● Define and illustrate a quadratic equation.

● Transform a quadratic equation to its standard form.

● Solve problems involving quadratic equations.

Warm-Up!

Factor Puzzle

Materials
● illustration board
● marker
● cutter

Instructions
1. Form at least two groups.
2. Each group will be given the same set of puzzle pieces as shown on the next page.
3. Each group must reassemble the puzzle pieces so that the expressions (in orange
pieces) and their factored forms (in green and yellow pieces) match up.
4. The group that is first to reassemble the puzzle pieces and come up with a certain
figure wins the game.

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Learn about It!

The puzzle in the Warm-Up! activity consists of several algebraic expressions and their factors.
Algebraic expressions are part of polynomial equations. One example of a polynomial
equation is a quadratic equation.

Quadratic Equations
A quadratic equation in the variable 𝑥 is a second-degree polynomial equation that can be
written in the standard form

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐, are real-number constants and 𝑎 ≠ 0.

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Essential Question
How is quadratic equation different from a linear equation?

In the standard form of quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, if 𝑎 = 0, then the term containing

𝑥 2 will be eliminated, thus resulting in a linear equation.

The following are examples of quadratic equations:

1. 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 15 = 0
2. 𝑦 2 − 1 = 0
𝑧2 𝑧
3. − +6=0
2 3

4. 1.2 − √2𝑤 + 0.3𝑤 2 = 0

Essential Question
What are the properties of quadratic equations?

Notice that in all equations, the highest exponent of the variable is 2, and the exponents of
the other terms are nonnegative integers (specifically 1 and 0). These characteristics qualify
them as quadratic equations.

Can you determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in each of the given equations?

In Equation 1, the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are 3, 4, and 15 respectively.

In Equation 2, there are only two terms. There is no middle term, hence, the value of 𝑏 is 0
while 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑐 = – 1.

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

1 1
For Equation 3, 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = − 3, and 𝑐 = 6.

Essential Question
How will you transform a quadratic equation to its standard form?

To correctly find the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in Equation 4, it is advisable to arrange the terms
according to the degree of each term. Make sure that the exponents are in descending order.
When this happens, the quadratic equation now becomes in its standard form. Thus, 𝑎 = 0.3,
𝑏 = −√2, and 𝑐 = 1.2.

What other quadratic equations can you think of?

Let’s Practice

Example 1
Determine whether each equation is a quadratic equation or not.
a. 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 − 2 = 𝑦 2
b. 3𝑧 2 − 2√𝑧 − 1 = 0

Solution
a. Write the equation in standard form.

𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 − 2 = 𝑦 2
𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 − 2 = 0
2

4𝑦 − 2 = 0

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Note that the equation in standard form revealed that 𝑎 = 0. Thus, the equation is not
a quadratic equation.
b. Note that in a quadratic equation the variables can only have nonnegative integer
1
exponents less than or equal to 2. The term −2√𝑧 can be rewritten as −2𝑧 2 which has
1
a noninteger exponent . Hence, this is not a quadratic equation.
2

Try It Yourself!
Determine whether each equation is a quadratic equation or not.
a. 𝑥(2𝑥 − 1) = 4
2𝑥 2
b. 3
− 4𝑥 = 3

Example 2
Write each quadratic equation in standard form.
a. 3𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 3
b. 2𝑥 = −𝑥 2 + 4
c. 5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 10

Solution
a.
3𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 3
3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0

b.
2𝑥 = −𝑥 2 + 4
2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 4 = 0
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 = 0

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

c.
5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 10
5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 10 = 0
5 2 5 10 0
𝑥 − 𝑥− =
5 5 5 5
2
𝑥 −𝑥−2 = 0

Try It Yourself!
Write each equation in standard form.
a. 3𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 − 4
b. 9 − 6𝑥 = 3𝑥 2
c. 2𝑥 = −4𝑥 2 + 8

Example 3
Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in each quadratic equation.
a. 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 0
𝑥
b. 7𝑥 2 = 5 + 2

Solution
a. This is a quadratic equation where 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −5, and 𝑐 = 0 (there is no constant term).
b. Write the equation in standard form.

𝑥
7𝑥 2 = 5 +
2
𝑥
7𝑥 2 − −5 = 0
2

1
Hence, 𝑎 = 7, 𝑏 = − 2, and 𝑐 = −5.

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Try It Yourself!
Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in each quadratic equation.
a. 5𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 + 3
3𝑥 2 −𝑥
b. =2
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Real-World Problems
Example 4
Shaniah has a small square garden plot. She plans to expand her
garden plot by doubling the length and decreasing the width by 2
ft. Doing this will make the area of the resulting rectangular plot
to be 96 sq. ft larger than the original square garden plot.

Translate the situation into mathematical statement and write the equation in standard form.

Solution
Step 1: Represent the unknown quantities.
Let 𝑥 be the square garden plot’s length.

Step 2: Translate the phrases/statements in the problem to mathematical

phrases/statements.

double the length ⇒ 2𝑥

decrease the width by 2 ft ⇒ 𝑥 − 2

Step 3: Identify the corresponding equation and rewrite it in standard form.

area of the square = 𝑥 2
area of the rectangle = (2𝑥)(𝑥 − 2) = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Note that the area of the rectangle is 96 sq. ft more than the area of the
square. Thus, we have the following statement.

2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 96

Write the equation in standard form.

2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 96
2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 96 = 0
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 96 = 0

Try It Yourself!
You work for a fencing company. A customer called this morning, wanting to fence
his 1 320 square-foot garden. He ordered 148 feet of fencing, but you forgot to ask
him for the width and length of the garden. Because he wants a nicer grade of fence
along the narrow street-facing side of his plot,
these dimensions will determine some of the
details of the order, so you need the
information. Identify the equation to find the
dimension of the garden.

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Check Your Understanding

A. Determine whether each equation is quadratic or not.

1. (𝑥 − 1)2 − 2𝑥 = 0
2
2. 𝑤 2 − 𝑤 + 2 = 0

B. Write each equation in standard form, then find the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐.
1. 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 = −2
𝑥
2. 𝑥 2 − 4 = 4
𝑥2
3. 6
+2=𝑥+1
1
4. 𝑥 2 + = 𝑥 + 2
2

C. Jera has a rectangular gift wrapper. She only needs to use a square portion of it whose
length is half the original length of the gift wrapper and whose width is three inches
smaller than the original width. Suppose the area of the unused gift wrapper is 45
square inches. Write a quadratic expression in one variable that represents the area
of the square gift wrapper.

Key Point

• A quadratic equation is a second-degree polynomial equation that can be written in

the standard form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐, are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0.

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Grade 9 • Unit 1: Quadratic Equations

Photo Credit

Fig. 1. Tennis Racket and Balls by Vladsinger is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia
Commons.

Bibliography

Harripersaud, Ashwannie. “The Quadratic Equation Concept.” American Journal of

Mathematics and Statistics. Scientific & Academic Publishing, July 15, 2021.
http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajms.20211103.03.html.

Marecek, Lynn, and MaryAnne Anthony-Smith. “Introduction.” Elementary Algebra.

OpenStax, March 17, 2016.
https://opentextbc.ca/elementaryalgebraopenstax/chapter/introduction-12/.

“Quadratic Equations.” Lumen Learning. Accessed October 18, 2021.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-collegealgebra/chapter/introduction-
quadratic-equations/.

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