Preparation of Cupramonium Rayon Thread

TO RESEARCH ON
PREPARATION OF
CUPRAMMONIUM RAYON THREADS
Project Report In
CHEMISTRY
(2023-2024)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of Class

XII (CBSE)
by
TANISHA P
[REG.NO: ]
Under The Guidance Of
Mr. R STALIN (MSc. B.Ed)

(PGT CHEMISTRYASSISTANT)
MAHATMA MONTESSORI SCHOOL
ALAGAR KOIL (CBSE)
MADURAI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “PREPARATION OF
CUPRAMMONIUM RAYON THREADS” is done by TANISHA P of
class XII of Mahatma Montessori School CBSE Madurai has
completed her project as a part of the paper of CHEMISTRY under
my supervision. She has taken proper care and shown at most
sincerity in the completion of this project.
I certify that this project is up to my expectation as per

guidelines issued by CBSE
Submitted for the viva-voce conducted on Mahatma

Montessori School Alagar Kovil CBSE Madurai.
Internal Examiner External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully many

people have best support, this time I thank all the people who
have been concerned with the project primarily I would thank
my school principal, chemistry teachers and my co-students for
their support towards me to complete this project.
TANISHA P
DECLARATION
I declare that my project title entitled “PREPARATION

OF CUPRAMMONIUM RAYON THREADS” is done by me with
the help of subject teacher Mr. R Stalin
I hereby declare that this project was done only out of

my own interest and effort and all the information provided is
true to my knowledge.
Date:
Place:
INDEX:
 INTRODUCTION
 THEORY
 AIM OF THE PROJECT
 APPARATUS REQUIRED
 PROCEDURE
 PROPERTIES OF RAYON
 APPLICATION
 TYPES OF RAYON
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
 Cellulose is a naturally obtained giant molecule.it is
the fibrous material that every plant makes by baking
glucose molecules in large chain.This chain are
bound together in the fibres that give plant their
strength.wood contain about 50% of cellulose the
substance must be extracted by’pulping’
 The logs are flaked and then simmered in chemical
that dissolve the tarry lignin,resins and minerals.
 The remaining 93% cellulose is dried and rolled into
sheets – raw material for paper,rayon and other
products.
IT CAN CAN BE OBTAINED BY TWO WAYS:
VISCOSE PROCESS:
Cellulose is soaked in 30% caustic soda solution for
about hours.The alkali solution is removed and the
product is treated with cs2.This is forced through a
spinneret into a dilute H2S04 solution,both of which
harden the gum like thread into rayon fibres.
CUPRAMMONIUM RAYON:
Cuprammonium rayon is obtained by dissolving
pieces of filter paper in a deep blue solution containing
tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide. The latter is obtained
from a solution of copper sulphate. To it, NH4OH solution
is added to precipitate cupric hydroxide, which is then
dissolved in excess of NH3.
REACTIONS:
 CUSO4+ 2NH4OH —> Cu(OH)2+ (NH4)2SO4

 Cu(OH)2 + 4NH4OH —> [Cu(NH3)4](OH) 2 + 4H2O
 [Cu(NH3)4](OH) 2 + pieces of filter paper left for 10-
15 days give a viscous solution called VISCOSE.
THEORY:
Of all the fibres rayon is probably the most perplexing
to consumers.it can be found in cotton like and uses,as
well as sumptuous velvets a taffetas.it may function
successfully in absorbent hygiene and incontinence pads
and equally well providing strength in tire cords.although
rayon is made from wood pulp ,a relatively inexpensive
and renewable resource processing requires high water
and energy use .modernization of manufacturing plants
and processes combined with availability of raw materials
has increased rayon competitiveness in the market
AIM:
The main objective of the project is to illustrate the
preparation of rayon by the cuprammonium process.
Instead of wood pulp as the cellulose source, attempt is
done to make use of raw cellulose products such as waste
paper, filter paper etc.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
 BEAKERS(250 ml)
 CONICAL FLASK(250ml)
 FILTER FLASK
 FUNNEL
 GLASS ROD
 NAOH SOLUTION
 COPPER SULPHATE
 50% AMMONIA SOLUTION
 FILTER PAPER STRIPS
 SYRINGES
PROCEDURE:
A. Preparation of Schweitzer’s Solution:
 Weigh 20g of CuSO4.5H20
 Transfer this to a beaker having 100ml distilled
water and add 15ml of dilute H2SO4 to prevent
hydrolysis of CuSO4.
 Stir it with a glass rod till a clear solution is
obtained. Add 11ml of liquor ammonia drop by drop
with slow stirring. The precipitate of cupric
hydroxide is separated out.
 Filter the solution containing cupric hydroxide
through a funnel with filter paper.
 Wash the precipitate of cupric hydroxide with
water until the filtrate fails to give a positive test for
sulphate ions with barium chloride solution.
 Transfer the precipitate to a beaker that contains
50ml of liquor ammonia or wash it down the funnel.
The precipitate when dissolved in liquor ammonia
gives a deep blue solution of tetra-ammine cupric
hydroxide. This is known as SCHWEITZER’S
SOLUTION.
B. Preparation of Cellulose material

 After weighing 2g of filter paper divide it
into very fine pieces and then transfer these
pieces to the tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide
solution in the beaker.
 Seal the flask and keep for 10 to 15 days,
during this period the filter paper is dissolved
completely.
C. Formation of Rayon Thread
 Take 50ml of distilled water in a glass container.
To this add 20ml of conc H2SO4 drop by drop. Cool
the solution under tap water. In a big glass container
pour some of the solution.
 Fill the syringe with cellulose solution prepared
before.
 Place the big glass container containing H2SO4
solution produced before in ice (the reaction being
spontaneous results in excess release of energy in the
form of heat which makes the fibers weak and breaks
them).
 Immerse the tip of the syringe in the solution and
press gently. Notice the fibers getting formed in the
acid bath. Continue to move your hand and keep
pressing the syringe to extrude more fibers into the
bath.
 Leave the fibers in solution till they decolorize
and become strong enough.
 Filter and wash with distilled water.
PROPERTIES OF RAYON:
GENERAL CHARACTERSTICS:
 Rayon as a cloth is soft and comfortable. It
drapes well, which is one of the reason it is as
desirable as an apparel fabric.
 Rayon is the most absorbent of all cellulose
material.
 It loses a great deal of strength when wet.
Because of this, it stretches and shrinks more
than cotton.
 Rayon has moderate resistance to acids and
alkalis and the fibre itself is not damaged by
bleaches.
TYPES OF RAYON:
There are four types of rayon
 REGULAR RAYON has the largest market
share. The distinguishing property of regular rayon is
its low wet strength. As a result, it becomes unstable
and may stretch or shrink when wet.
 HIGH WET MODULUS RAYON is a
modified version of viscose that is stronger when
wet. It can be mercerized like cotton. HWM rayons
are also known as "polynosic". Polynosic fibers are
dimensionally stable and do not shrink or get pulled
out of shape when wet like many rayons.
 HIGH DENSITY RAYON is modification of
regular rayon to provide expectional strength two
times that of HVM rayon. High and industrial end
uses. It may be finished, chemically coated , or
rubberized and potential loss of dimensional stability
and strength during use.
 CUPRAMMONIUM RAYON is another type
with properties similar to those of viscose or regular
rayon. The manufacturing process differs somewhat
from that of regular rayon and is less environmentally
friendly. As a result, this rayon is no longer produced
in the United States.
CONCLUSION:
 Addition of excess NH/ should be avoided.
 Before taking the viscose in the syringe make
sure that it does not contain any particles of paper,
otherwise, it would clog the needle of the syringe.
 Addition of NH/ should be done in a fume
cupboard and with extreme care. The fumes if
inhaled may cause giddiness.
 Use a thick needle otherwise the fibers won’t
come out.
BIBILOGRAPHY
https://en.wikipedia.org
NCERT text book

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TO RESEARCH ON

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of Class

Under The Guidance Of

Mr. R STALIN (MSc. B.Ed)

I certify that this project is up to my expectation as per

Submitted for the viva-voce conducted on Mahatma

Internal Examiner External Examiner

In the accomplishment of this project successfully many

I declare that my project title entitled “PREPARATION

I hereby declare that this project was done only out of

 AIM OF THE PROJECT

 CUSO4+ 2NH4OH —> Cu(OH)2+ (NH4)2SO4

B. Preparation of Cellulose material

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