VI.

DRUG STUDY
NAME OF THE DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE REACTION
DRUG FREQUENCY/
ROUTE
 Generic Intravenous Paracetamol is used to treat >Control of pain due to Hypersensitivity, Severe Significant:
Name: - 600 mg IVTT many conditions such
headache, earache,
hepatic impairment or  Thrombocytopenia,
paracetamol as headache, muscle aches, active liver disease (IV). leucopenia,
- 1 g 4-6 hourly if arthritis, backache, toothaches, dysmenorrhea, arthralgia,
 Brand neutropenia,
needed. Max: 4 g colds, and fevers. It relieves myalgia, musculoskeletal pain, pancytopenia,
Name: daily. Administer by pain in mild arthritis but has no
Biogesic, arthritis, immunizations, methaemoglobinaemia,
infusion over 15 effect on the underlying agranulocytosis,
Panadol, teething, tonsillectomy.
minutes. inflammation and swelling of angioedema, pain and
Tylenol
the joint. burning sensation at inj
 Drug Class: >To reduce fever in viral and site. Rarely, hypotension
Non-narcotic
bacterial infections and tachycardia.
analgesic,
Antipyretic
>As a substitute for aspirin in Gastrointestinal disorders:
 Nausea, vomiting,
upper GI disease, bleeding
constipation.
disorders clients in
anticoagulant therapy and Nervous system disorders:
gouty arthritis.  Headache.

Psychiatric disorders:
 Insomnia.
 NAME OF THE DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE REACTION
DRUG FREQUENCY/ROUTE

Generic Name : Intravenous: Cefuroxime binds to one or Parenteral (cefuroxime Hypersensitivity to - Large doses can cause cerebral
cefuroxime, more of the penicillin-binding sodium) cephalosporins. irritation and convulsions;
cefuroxime axetil, - 750 mg IVTT
proteins (PBPs) which inhibits nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, GI
cefuroxime sodium - 125 mg twice daily Lower respiratory infections
the final transpeptidation step disturbances; erythema
caused by S. pneumoniae, S.
of peptidoglycan synthesis in multiforme, Stevens-Johnson
aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, H.
bacterial cell wall, thus syndrome, epidermal necrolysis.
Brand Name: influenzae, S. pyogenes
inhibiting biosynthesis and
Ceftin , Zinacef
arresting cell wall assembly Dermatologic infections
resulting in bacterial cell death. caused by S. aureus, S. - Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis,
pyogenes, E. coli, Klebsiella, nephrotoxicity,
Enterobacter pseudomembranous colitis.
Classification:
Antibiotic, UTIs caused by E. coli,
Cephalosporin Klebsiella
(second
Septicemia caused by S.
generation)
pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli,
Klebsiella, H. influenzae
 NAME OF THE DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE REACTION
DRUG FREQUENCY/ROUTE
Lactated Ringers Intravenous: Lactated Ringer’s solution is an Replacement of fluid and Severe metabolic alkalosis or Significant:
isotonic sterile solution containing electrolytes. acidosis, conditions
(Plrs 1l) - 1Liter Fluid or solute overload resulting in
Na chloride 6 g/L, K chloride 0.40 associated with increased
Dehydration, burns, lower GI overhydration, congested states
- 20gtts/min g/L, Ca chloride dihydrate 0.27 lactate levels (e.g. lactic
fluid loss, acute blood loss, (e.g. pulmonary congestion,
g/L, and Na lactate 3.17 g/L acidosis) or impaired lactate
hypovolemia due to blood loss oedema); electrolyte imbalance,
intended for restoring electrolyte utilisation, CHF,
and replacement of fluid and acid-base imbalance,
imbalance and water for hyperkalaemia,
electrolytes hypersensitivity reactions (e.g.
hydration. Additionally, its Na hypervolaemic or
urticaria, pruritus).
lactate content acts as an overhydrated patient. Severe
alkalinising agent which hepatic and renal Cardiac disorders: Chest tightness
normalises the pH of the acid- impairment. Concomitant or pain with tachycardia or
base balance of the body. use with ceftriaxone in bradycardia.
newborns (≤28 days).
Synonym: Hartmann’s solution; General disorders and
Ringer’s lactate. administration site conditions:
Febrile response, infusion site
reactions (e.g. phlebitis, venous
thrombosis, inflammation, rash,
erythema, pruritus, pain, burning).

Respiratory, thoracic and