Abstract

The studying the association of sociodemographic profiles of multigravida individuals is

to gain insights into how social and demographic factors influence their reproductive experiences
and outcomes. Understanding the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and
multigravidity can provide valuable information for healthcare providers, policymakers, and
researchers. The number of children in a family can be affected by various factors. A cross-
sectional study was used. to determine the association of sociodemographic profiles of
multigravida in Tapuac District Dagupan City. This study examined the relationship between the
demographic profile of multigravida women in the Tapuac district, Dagupan City, and their family
planning preferences. Data was collected through surveys and interviews, focusing on factors such
as age, civil status, educational attainment, income, number of children, ethnic group, type of
house, type of work, reasons for not using family planning, reasons for using family planning, and
satisfaction with family planning. The findings revealed significant correlations between
demographic factors and family planning preferences. Age was positively associated with civil
status, educational attainment, income, type of house, and type of work. Civil status showed
positive associations with educational attainment, income, and type of work. Educational
attainment was correlated with income and type of work. Income was positively related to type of
house and type of work. The study also found that reasons for not using family planning were
influenced by civil status, educational attainment, income, and the number of children. Reasons
for using family planning were associated with educational attainment, income, and the number of
children. However, satisfaction with family planning did not show significant correlations with
demographic factors. These findings have important implications for family planning programs
targeting multigravida women in Tapuac district, Dagupan City. It is recommended to implement
increased awareness campaigns, educational programs, and services that address cultural and
religious beliefs. Improving access to family planning services, involving and supporting partners,
and tailoring services to specific demographic groups are also suggested. Further research is
needed to explore additional factors and validate the findings of this study.
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Rationale and Background of the Study

In recent decades' world population has increased drastically, especially in developing

countries. Population growth in developing nations can cause an array of problems: insufficiencies

in health care programs, lack of resources, and pollution. Regrettably, some difficulties, such as

starvation due to food shortages, may occur. In order to battle these problems, the growth of the

population must be controlled. ( Liyanage, Lashini 2020 ) The studying the association of

sociodemographic profiles of multigravida individuals is to gain insights into how social and

demographic factors influence their reproductive experiences and outcomes. Understanding the

relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and multigravidity can provide valuable

information for healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers. The number of children in a

family can be affected by various factors. The main purpose of this study is to identify the impact

of sociodemographic factors affecting on the number of children in a family ( Liyanage, Lashini

2020: Lederma, & Weis 2020 )

Most developing nations have a large number of people who are illiterate, live below the

poverty line, and have little or no knowledge about family planning. Besides, getting their children

married at an early age increases the chances of producing more kids. ( Conserve energy future

2015 ) Previous studies have shown that sociodemographic factors, such as age, education,

income, ethnicity, marital status, and residence, can significantly impact reproductive health.

These factors may influence access to healthcare services, health behaviors, socioeconomic status,

and social support, all of which can affect pregnancy outcomes ( Andhavarapu, Orwa,
Temmerman, & Musana 2021). By examining the association between sociodemographic profiles

and multigravidity, researchers aim to identify disparities, trends, and potential risk factors

associated with repeated pregnancies. This knowledge can guide the development of targeted

interventions, healthcare policies, and support programs to address the specific needs and

challenges faced by multigravida individuals ( Armoon, Higgs, Feury, Bayat, Moghaddan, Bayani,

& Fakhri 2021 )

Parenthood is an experience unlike any other. Anyone who is dreaming of building his/her

own family someday should know that maintaining the physical, emotional, and mental well-being

of the child will be one of his/her biggest responsibilities.( Makati Medical Center 2020: Olga

Mecking 2020 ) Unfortunately, not all children can experience the privilege of growing up in an

ideal family environment. Intimacy is vital for a couple, but unexpected pregnancies can severely

affect relationships, bring about difficulties in a child’s upbringing, and cause various

complications in the future. ( Peter Reuell 2019; Makati Medical Center 2020 ) To steer clear of

these consequences, family planning is crucial. Practice responsible parenthood to ensure the well-

being of children. To help couples have a long, happy, and healthy family life, the guide below

will discuss the different types of family planning methods.( Philippine National Nutrition Council

2022: Makati Medical Center 2020 ). Around 7.3 billion people are unable to access all the

essential health services that they need, according to the 2017 Global Monitoring Report [3]. A

systematic analysis of amenable deaths in 137 countries estimated that around 8.6 million excess

deaths occurred in 2016 as a consequence of problems in access or quality of healthcare,

particularly in Low and Middle-Income Countries Cu., Meister, Lefebvre, & Ridde 2021 )

Women’s decision-making power regarding reproductive health and rights (RHR) was the central

component to achieving reproductive well-being. The literature agrees that a woman having higher
domestic decision-making power regarding their health care were more likely to utilize health

services. ( Tadele, Tesfay, & Kebede 2019 )

Objectives of the Study

The objectives of studying the preferences in family planning, and the association with

socio-demographic factors, are as follows:

1. To understand and assess the preferences in family planning: The study will gather information

about the preferred family planning methods among multigravida women in tapuac Dagupan City.

This helps in identifying the most commonly used and preferred methods and understanding the

reasons behind these preferences.

2. To identify the socio-demographic factors: The study will collect data on various socio-

demographic factors such as age, marital status, education, occupation, income, and residential

area. These factors provide insights into the diverse backgrounds and characteristics of the

multigravida women in the sample.

3. To associate the socio-demographic factors with family planning preferences: By analyzing the

collected data, the study identify any correlations or associations between the socio-demographic

profiles of the women and their preferences in family planning. This helps in understanding how

factors such as age, education, income, and location may influence or relate to the choice of family

planning methods.

Conceptual Framework

Concepts on studying the association of socio-demographic profiles of multigravida

women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City, to their family planning preferences. Socio-demographic
profiles: This refers to the characteristics of multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan

City, including age, marital status, education, occupation, monthly household income, and

residential area (urban/rural). These profiles provide insights into the diverse backgrounds and

circumstances of the women being studied. Family planning preferences: This concept focuses on

the choices and preferences of multigravida women regarding family planning methods. It

encompasses their preferred methods of contraception or reproductive health strategies, as well as

the reasons underlying their preferences. There are many factors that affect FP methods as desired

children number, initial source of FP knowledge, and duration of FP utilization, FP intention,

provider bias, informed choice as well as method availability, accessibility, and acceptability. In

addition, the utilization of FP methods is usually problematic due to ignorance, taboos associated

with cultural and religious affiliations ( Hassan, Hassan Khedr, & El-Sayed 2020 ) The concept

explores the relationship between socio-demographic profiles and family planning preferences. It

seeks to determine whether certain socio-demographic factors are associated with specific family

planning preferences among multigravida women in Tapuac District. For example, it investigates

whether age, education, income, or other factors influence the choice of family planning methods.

Reproductive health decision-making: This concept considers the process through which

multigravida women make decisions regarding their reproductive health, including family

planning. It takes into account various factors such as cultural norms, personal beliefs, social

support, and individual autonomy that shape their decision-making processes.( Darteh, Dikson, &

Doku 2019 ) Accessibility and availability: This concept examines the extent to which

multigravida women have access to and can obtain the family planning methods they prefer. It

considers factors such as the proximity and affordability of healthcare services, availability of

contraceptive methods, and the presence of supportive policies and programs.( Cu., et al. 2021 )
By studying the association between socio-demographic profiles and family planning preferences,

researchers aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence family

planning decision-making among multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City. This

knowledge can inform the development of targeted interventions, policies, and programs that

address the specific needs and preferences of this population.

Research Paradigm

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Association of the
a. Socio-demographic
socio-demographic
Factors
profiles of the
b. Family Planning multigravida of Tapuac
Preference survey district Dagupan City to
questions their family planning
preference

Awareness of available
family planning
methods
Understanding of
effectiveness and safety
of different methods

Mediating Variables

Figure 1 Research Paradigm

 Studying the association of socio-demographic profiles of multigravida women in Tapuac

District, Dagupan City, to their family planning preferences is structured as follows: Independent

Variables: a. Socio-demographic profiles: This includes variables such as age, marital status,

education, occupation, monthly household income, and residential area (urban/rural). These

variables represent the background and characteristics of the multigravida women in Tapuac

District. Dependent Variables: a. Family planning preferences: These variables capture the

preferences of multigravida women regarding family planning methods. This includes their

preferred family planning methods and the reasons behind their preferences. Mediating Variables:

a. Knowledge and awareness: This set of variables represents the level of knowledge and

awareness among multigravida women regarding family planning. It includes their awareness of

available family planning methods and their understanding of the effectiveness and safety of

different methods. Proposed Relationships: Socio-demographic profiles influence family planning

preferences: The socio-demographic profiles of multigravida women are hypothesized to have an

impact on their family planning preferences. For example, variables such as age, education, and

income may shape their preferences for specific family planning methods. and Knowledge and

awareness mediate the relationship between socio-demographic profiles and preferences: The level

of knowledge and awareness about family planning methods is proposed to mediate the

relationship between socio-demographic profiles and family planning preferences. It is expected

that higher levels of knowledge and awareness may lead to more informed preferences. Possible

Outcomes: Understanding the association between socio-demographic profiles and family

planning preferences can have several outcomes, such as: Tailoring family planning programs and

services to meet the specific needs and preferences of multigravida women in Tapuac District.
Enhancing education and awareness campaigns to address knowledge gaps and misconceptions

related to family planning., Improving access to preferred family planning methods based on the

socio-demographic characteristics of the population.

By investigating the relationship between socio-demographic profiles, knowledge, and

family planning preferences, this conceptual framework aims to provide insights into the factors

that influence family planning decision-making among multigravida women in Tapuac District,

Dagupan City. It serves as a foundation for research and policy development to support their

reproductive health and family planning needs.

Statement of The Problem

The focus of this is to determine the association of the sociodemographic profiles of the

multigravida of Tapuac Dagupan, City to their family planning preferences.

Specifically finding the answers to the following sub problems.

1. What is the sociodemographic profiles of the Tapuac District Dagupan City in terms of

a. The Age

b. The number of Children

c. The Educational Background

d. The Family Income

e. The Type of House

2. What family planning methods are used by Tapuac District Dagupan City?

3. What is the reasons for not using any family planning methods?
4. What is the factors influence your choice of family planning methods?

Significance of The Study

The significance of this study lies in its potential to inform policies, programs, and

interventions that can better meet the reproductive health needs and preferences of multigravida

women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City. By understanding the association between

sociodemographic profiles and family planning preferences, it aims to promote more effective and

targeted approaches to family planning services, ultimately leading to improved reproductive

health outcomes The following group of people will be benefited from this study after the study

are being publish.

The Brgy Tapuac District Dagupan City

Informed policy and program development: Understanding the association between

sociodemographic profiles and family planning preferences can inform the development of

targeted policies and programs. It helps policymakers and healthcare providers tailor interventions

to meet the specific needs and preferences of multigravida women in Tapuac District, promoting

more effective and accessible family planning services.

The Resident of Tapuac District Dagupan City.

Improved reproductive health outcomes By identifying the sociodemographic factors

associated with family planning preferences, the study can contribute to improving reproductive

health outcomes. It can shed light on the factors that influence the adoption and sustained use of

preferred family planning methods among multigravida women, leading to better reproductive

health decision-making and outcomes. Contribution to existing knowledge: The study adds to the

existing body of knowledge on the association between sociodemographic profiles and family
planning preferences. It provides valuable insights specific to the context of Tapuac District,

Dagupan City, contributing to the overall understanding of the factors influencing family planning

decisions among multigravida women.

The Different Parents of the Brgy Tapuac.

This study will help to enhanced access and utilization of family planning services: The

findings can guide efforts to enhance the accessibility and utilization of family planning services.

By understanding the sociodemographic profiles that may be associated with specific preferences,

interventions can be designed to overcome barriers such as lack of knowledge, limited access to

services, or affordability issues. Tailored information and education campaigns: The study can

provide insights into the specific sociodemographic groups that may require targeted information

and education on family planning. This can aid in developing culturally sensitive and linguistically

appropriate campaigns that address knowledge gaps and dispel myths or misconceptions related

to family planning methods.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The scope of the study on determining the association of sociodemographic profiles of

multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City, to their family planning preferences. The

study focuses specifically on Tapuac District, Dagupan City, within the Philippines. The study

includes multigravida women residing in Tapuac District, Dagupan City, who have had two or

more pregnancies. The study examines sociodemographic factors such as age, number of children,

educational background, family income, and type of house among the multigravida women, the

family planning methods utilized by the multigravida women in Tapuac District., to investigates

the factors influencing the decision of some multigravida women not to use any family planning
methods. The study explores the factors that influence the choice of family planning methods

among multigravida women in Tapuac District.

The study may have a specific sample size or sampling technique due to practical

limitations and available resources. The findings may be specific to the cultural and societal

context of Tapuac District, Dagupan City, and may not be generalizable to other regions or

populations. The study relies on self-reported data, which may be subject to recall bias or social

desirability bias.. The study does not explore external factors such as cultural norms, religious

beliefs, or access to healthcare services that may also influence family planning preferences.
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

There is considerable literature on the decision-making process related to fertility, and

various factors have been proposed as predictors of family planning decision-making. Women’s

characteristics, such as age, parity, level of education, level of income, occupation, and work status

are the most frequently cited factors. A. purposeful sampling to recruit 16 respondents (eight

family planning service providers and eight community stakeholders) based on their potential role

and influence on matters related to sexual and reproductive health issues. Interviews were audio-

recorded with participants' permission and subsequently transcribed in Turkish and translated into

English for analysis. This study applied a multi-stage analytical strategy, following the principles

of the constant comparative method to develop a codebook and identify key themes. study sheds

light on the factors that play a role in women’s contraceptive decisions in Turkey, a country with

strong national family planning policy but characterized by political-religious differences in beliefs

about the of family planning. Our first take is that women (as well as couples) have a strong

preference for traditional methods and particularly withdrawal. Religious factors in particular and

socially conservative values in general play an important role in the choice of method. However,

it should also be noted that the strong preference for traditional methods is a more general

phenomenon that is not limited to the prevalence of religious and conservative values.( Karadun,

Esmer, Okcuoglu, Kurutas, Baykal, Huber-Krum, Canning, & Shah 2021 ).

Women often have less power in relationships due to their economic, political and

sociocultural status and may not be in a position to protect themselves from gender-based violence,

and unwanted sexual intercourse, resulting in sexually transmitted infections and other sexual and

reproductive health (SRH) problems. A community based cross sectional study was employed,
among randomly selected married women in reproductive age group residing in Mettu rural

District at the time of the study and who had lived for at least for 6 months in the area and who

had given birth at least once. In the current study, only 168 (41.5%) of a total of 405 married

women in the reproductive age group had greater decision-making power on reproductive health

and rights. This is comparable to the findings of a cross-sectional study conducted in Bale Zone in

2014, which showed that only 39.5% of women had greater decision-making power regarding

maternal and child health care . The current findings are also comparable to those from a cross-

sectional study conducted in Southern Ethiopia in 2011, which showed that 43.1% of married rural

women had decision-making power regarding modern contraceptive use ( Tadele et al 2019 ).

There are many factors that affect FP methods as desired children number, initial source of

FP knowledge, and duration of FP utilization, FP intention, provider bias, informed choice as well

as method availability, accessibility, and acceptability. In addition, the utilization of FP methods

is usually problematic due to ignorance, taboos associated with cultural and religious affiliations.

A cross sectional design was used. The results of the study can be concluded that the main family

planning method preferred by studied women was the hormonal method (94.1%). (58.7%) of them

preferred oral contraceptives, (30%) used injectable contraceptives while (5.3%) preferred

implants. Other non-hormonal family methods reported to be preferred were IUD use (40.7%) and

lactation method (9.7%). The two major factors that influenced the contraceptive preference and

choice of family planning methods were husband communication followed by religious

affiliations. There was a significant association between woman age, gravidity and preference of

oral contraceptives method. (Hassan et al 2020 )

Healthcare access has been improving continuously throughout the world in the last

decades. The Global Burden of Disease Study reported a sustained increase in the Global
Healthcare. Around 7.3 billion people are unable to access all the essential health services that they

need, according to the 2017 Global Monitoring Report . A systematic analysis of amenable deaths

in 137 countries estimated that around 8.6 million excess deaths occurred in 2016 as a consequence

of problems in access or quality of healthcare, particularly in Low and Middle-Income Countries.

A data extraction matrix using Excel® was used to collect both macro descriptive data such as

author/s, title, year of publication, type of study, and microdata such as the number of respondents,

study design, the geographical scope of the study (local, national, international), study country

setting (low- and middle-income country vs high-income country), type of data analysis used, how

Levesque framework was used (a priori vs a posteriori), data collection tools used, focus on access

(health systems vs individual) and the dimensions/abilities of access explored. There were 31

studies identified on healthcare access using the Levesque framework either a priori, to develop

assessment tool/s (11 studies), or a posteriori, to organize and analyze collected data (20 studies).

From the tools used, 147 unique questions on healthcare access were collected, 91 of these

explored dimensions of access while 56 were about abilities to access. Those that were designed

from the patient’s perspective were 73%, while 20% were for health providers, and 7% were

addressed to both. Interviews from seven out of the 26 authors, showed that while there were some

challenges such as instances of categorization difficulty and unequal representation of dimensions

and abilities, the overall experience was positive.( Cu et al, 2021 )

 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research design for studying the association of socio-demographic profiles of

multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City, to their family planning preferences can

follow the following framework: The study can utilize a quantitative research approach to collect

and analyze numerical data for the variables of interest. Employ a sampling technique, such as

stratified random sampling, to select a representative sample of multigravida women from Tapuac

District. Ensure that the sample size is appropriate to achieve reliable results.

By employing a quantitative research design, the study can provide empirical evidence on

the association between socio-demographic profiles and family planning preferences among

multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City. The findings can contribute to evidence-

based decision-making in family planning programs and policies and help address the specific

needs of this population.

Sources of Data

The researcher will collect the sociodemographic profile/and the family planning

preferences of the respondents. An adapted survey question was used these are the authors of the

survey questions of this study, Philippine Statistic Office 2023: Makati Medical Center 2020 :

Karadun,et al 2021

Socio-Demographic Profiles:
 This study will collect data on socio-demographic variables such as age, number of

children, educational background, family income, and type of house. This can be done through

structured questionnaires or surveys administered to the participants.

Family Planning Preferences:

Gather information on the family planning methods preferred by multigravida women. This

can include questions about their current or previous use of specific methods, as well as their

reasons for preference.

Ethical Considerations:

Ensure that ethical considerations are addressed throughout the research process, including

obtaining informed consent from participants, ensuring confidentiality of data, and following

ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.

Tools for Data Analysis:

To summarize and describe the socio-demographic profiles of the participants, including

measures such as mean, median, mode, and frequency distributions. Correlation Analysis:

Explore the associations between sociodemographic profiles and family planning

preferences using appropriate statistical tests, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient or chi-

square tests. Determine the strength and significance of these associations. Association of the

socio-demographic profiles of the multigravida of Tapuac district Dagupan City to their family

planning preference To use correlation in examining the relationship between sociodemographic

profiles and family planning preferences, you can follow these steps:
1. The researchers will gather data on sociodemographic profiles and family planning preferences

from a representative sample of multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City. Ensure

that the data includes variables such as age, marital status, education, occupation, monthly

household income, residential area, preferred family planning methods, and reasons for preference.

2. Then the researchers assign numerical values or codes to the variables to facilitate quantitative

analysis. For example, assign numeric codes to different levels of education or categories of

preferred family planning methods.

3. Calculate correlation coefficients: Use appropriate statistical methods, such as Pearson's

correlation coefficient or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, to measure the strength and

direction of the relationship between sociodemographic variables (independent variables) and

family planning preferences (dependent variables).

4. Calculate separate correlations for each pair of sociodemographic variables and family planning

preferences.

5. To interpret the correlation results: Examine the correlation coefficients to determine the nature

and significance of the relationship between sociodemographic profiles and family planning

preferences. A positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also

tends to increase, while a negative correlation indicates an inverse relationship. The strength of the

correlation can be assessed by the magnitude of the coefficient, with values closer to 1 or -1

indicating a stronger relationship.

 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

35.90%

19.80%
18%
15%
11.40%

17 - 21 years old 22 - 26 years old 27 - 31 years old 32 - 41 years old 42 above

Figure 2. the Age Group of the Respondents

The socio-demographic profile of multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City,

based on the provided age groups, has several implications, High representation of women aged

22-26: The age group of 22-26 years old comprises the highest percentage of multigravida women

(35.90%). This suggests that this age range is a critical period for women in their reproductive

years in the study area. Understanding the specific needs, challenges, and health concerns of this

age group is important for providing targeted support and interventions. Significant representation

of women aged 27-31: The age group of 27-31 years old accounts for 19.80% of the multigravida

women. This indicates that a considerable number of women in their late twenties and early thirties

are experiencing subsequent pregnancies. Recognizing the unique circumstances and healthcare

requirements of women in this age range can help tailor interventions and services accordingly.
Considerable representation of women aged 32-41: The age group of 32-41 years old represents

18% of the multigravida women. This suggests that a substantial proportion of women in their

thirties and forties are experiencing subsequent pregnancies. This age group may have different

health considerations and potential risks associated with their pregnancies, such as higher chances

of complications or pre-existing health conditions. Identifying and addressing these specific needs

is essential for providing appropriate prenatal care and support. Representation of women aged 42

and above: The age group of 42 and above accounts for 15% of the multigravida women. Advanced

maternal age can be associated with certain risks and considerations during pregnancy, such as

higher chances of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus and pregnancy-related complications.

Providing specialized care, genetic counseling, and support to women in this age group is crucial

to ensure safe pregnancies and healthy outcomes. Lower representation of women aged 17-21: The

age group of 17-21 years old comprises 11.40% of the multigravida women. While this group has

the lowest representation, it is still important to address their specific needs as they may require

additional support and education on prenatal care, family planning, and parenting skills due to their

relatively young age.

Understanding the socio-demographic profiles of multigravida women in Tapuac District,

Dagupan City, helps healthcare providers and policymakers tailor their efforts to meet the unique

needs and challenges faced by women in different age groups. This information can guide the

development of targeted interventions, education programs, and healthcare services to improve

maternal and child health outcomes in the community.

 Figure 3 Civil Status of the Respondents

The socio-demographic profile of multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City,

based on civil status reveals the following implications: High representation of married women:

The percentage of married multigravida women stands at 51.50%. This indicates that the majority

of multigravida women in the study area are in a marital relationship. It highlights the importance

of considering the support systems and involvement of spouses in maternal and child health

programs and interventions. Considerable representation of single women: Single multigravida

women make up 39.50% of the study population. Single women who are experiencing subsequent

pregnancies may face unique challenges and may require additional support, including access to

prenatal care, education on family planning, and social support networks. Tailoring interventions

to address the specific needs of single multigravida women is important for ensuring positive

maternal and child health outcomes. Minority representation of divorced and widowed women:

Divorced multigravida women account for 6.60% of the population, while widowed women

represent 2.40%. While these groups have relatively lower percentages, it is crucial to recognize

and address the specific circumstances and challenges they may face during subsequent
pregnancies. Divorced and widowed women may require additional emotional support,

counseling, and specialized care to navigate their unique situations.

Understanding the civil status distribution among multigravida women in Tapuac District,

Dagupan City, helps healthcare providers, social workers, and policymakers design appropriate

interventions and support systems. By considering the specific needs and challenges faced by

women based on their civil status, it becomes possible to provide tailored healthcare services,

counseling, and social support networks to improve maternal and child health outcomes in the

community.

47.90%

24%
21.60%

3% 3.60%

Elementary Highschool College Graduates PhD

Figure 4 Educational Attainment of the Respondents

the educational attainment profile of multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan

City, indicates a diverse range of educational backgrounds. Higher levels of education, such as

college and graduate degrees, generally correspond to better socio-economic opportunities and

career prospects. However, the lower levels of educational attainment, such as elementary and high

school, may indicate potential challenges in accessing higher-paying jobs and achieving upward
mobility. Efforts to promote educational opportunities and support lifelong learning can help

address these disparities and contribute to overall socio-economic development. Here are some

implications of these educational attainment percentages: Elementary (3%): The low percentage

of multigravida women with only an elementary education suggests that this group may face

challenges in accessing higher-paying job opportunities and may have limited knowledge and

skills compared to those with higher education levels. This could impact their overall socio-

economic status and may limit their career options. High school (21.60%): The relatively higher

percentage of multigravida women with a high school education indicates a broader knowledge

base and potentially better access to job opportunities compared to those with only an elementary

education. However, they may still face limitations in accessing higher-paying and more

professional positions that require further education. College (47.90%): The significant percentage

of multigravida women who have completed college suggests a relatively high level of educational

attainment. These women are likely to have acquired more specialized skills and knowledge,

making them eligible for a wider range of employment opportunities. College education may also

contribute to higher earning potential and better socio-economic outcomes for these individuals.

Graduates (24%): The percentage of multigravida women who are graduates indicates a significant

portion of the population has completed their higher education, such as obtaining a bachelor's or

associate degree. This group is likely to have a higher level of expertise in their chosen fields and

may have access to more professional and managerial positions. Graduates may also have better

prospects for career advancement and higher earning potential compared to those with lower levels

of education. PhD (3.60%): The small percentage of multigravida women with a PhD suggests a

relatively limited number of individuals in this population have reached the highest level of

academic achievement. These women are likely to be highly specialized in their fields and may be
involved in research, teaching, or other advanced professional roles. The presence of individuals

with PhDs in the population may contribute to the overall intellectual and knowledge development

of the community.

38.90%

23.40%
19.80%
11.40%

2.40% 1.80% 2.40%

Less than Between Between Between Between Between ₱241,640

₱12,082 ₱12,082 and ₱24,164 and ₱48,328 and ₱84,574 and ₱144,984 and above
Poor ₱24,164 low ₱48,328 low ₱84,574 ₱144,984 and rich
income middle middle upper ₱241,640
income middle middle upper
income income income

Figure 5 Economic Profile of the Respondents

The socio-demographic profile of multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan City,

also provides information about their economic status. Here are the implications of the different

income categories: Less than ₱12,082 (Poor - 11.40%): The percentage of multigravida women

classified as poor suggests a significant portion of this population faces economic challenges.

These women may have limited access to basic necessities, healthcare, and education. Their low

income level may hinder their ability to invest in their own and their children's well-being.

Between ₱12,082 and ₱24,164 (Low Income - 19.80%): Multigravida women classified as low

income still face financial difficulties, although their income is slightly higher than those in the

poor category. They may struggle to meet their daily needs and may have limited resources for

savings and investments. Access to quality education and healthcare might still be challenging for
this group. Between ₱24,164 and ₱48,328 (Low Middle Income - 38.90%): This category

represents a significant portion of multigravida women in Tapuac District. While their income is

higher than those in the previous categories, they may still face financial constraints and limited

access to certain opportunities. They may have more stability and better access to basic amenities

but may have to make careful financial decisions. Between ₱48,328 and ₱84,574 (Middle Middle

Income - 23.40%): Multigravida women in the middle middle income category have a relatively

higher income level. They are likely to have more financial stability and better access to essential

services such as healthcare and education. This group may have more flexibility in their spending

and savings and may have a better quality of life compared to the lower-income categories.

Between ₱84,574 and ₱144,984 (Upper Middle Income - 2.40%): Multigravida women in the

upper middle income category have a higher level of income, suggesting a relatively affluent

group. They are likely to have more financial security and better access to a wide range of

opportunities and services. This group may have the means to invest in their own education and

the education of their children, as well as access to quality healthcare. Between ₱144,984 and

₱241,640 (Upper Income - 1.80%): The percentage of multigravida women in the upper-income

category indicates a small but financially well-off group. They have a higher income level and

likely enjoy a comfortable lifestyle, with better access to high-quality services and opportunities.

They may have the means to provide for their families' needs and have the resources for

investments and savings. ₱241,640 and above (Rich - 2.40%): The percentage of multigravida

women classified as rich suggests a small group with a high level of income and significant

financial resources. They are likely to have a high standard of living, with access to luxurious

amenities and opportunities. This group may have substantial investments and savings, which can

provide financial security for themselves and their families.

 Understanding the economic status of multigravida women in Tapuac District, Dagupan

City is crucial for identifying potential disparities and formulating targeted interventions. Efforts

to alleviate poverty, improve income distribution, and provide equal opportunities for upward

mobility can help improve the overall well-being of this population.

46.70%

19.70%21.10%

7.90%
2.60%
0.70% 0% 0% 0.70% 0% 0% 0.70%

Figure 6 Number of Children

The distribution of the number of children among multigravida women in Tapuac District,

Dagupan City, provides insights into the population's family size. Here are some implications of

the different percentages: 2 children (46.70%): The highest percentage of multigravida women

have two children. This suggests that a significant portion of the population has chosen to have a

smaller family size, which may be influenced by factors such as economic considerations, personal

preferences, or access to family planning methods. A smaller family size can have implications for

the economic well-being of the household, as resources can be more concentrated among fewer

children. 3 children (19.70%): The percentage of multigravida women with three children indicates
a significant portion of the population has opted for a slightly larger family size. This may reflect

cultural or personal preferences for a moderately sized family. Having three children can impact

the family's dynamics, including the allocation of resources and attention among the children. 4

children (21.10%): Multigravida women with four children represent a substantial portion of the

population. A larger family size can bring both benefits and challenges. While it may provide more

support systems and companionship within the family, it can also increase financial responsibilities

and require careful management of resources. Balancing the needs of each child and ensuring

adequate care and support can be important considerations for these families. 5 children (7.90%):

The percentage of multigravida women with five children indicates a smaller but still significant

portion of the population has larger families. Having five children can place additional demands

on the parents in terms of time, energy, and financial resources. These families may require more

extensive support systems and face unique challenges in providing individual attention and

resources for each child. 6 children (2.60%): The percentage of multigravida women with six

children indicates a relatively smaller portion of the population with larger families. Managing a

family with six children can present significant logistical and financial challenges. The parents

may need to carefully prioritize and allocate resources to ensure the well-being and development

of each child. 7 children (0.70%): The small percentage of multigravida women with seven

children suggests a very small portion of the population with relatively large families. Raising

seven children can present substantial challenges in terms of providing adequate care, education,

and resources for each child. Support systems, community assistance, and access to social

programs may be important considerations for these families. 8 children, 9 children, 10 children,

and 11 children (0% or very low percentages): The absence or extremely low percentages of

multigravida women with eight or more children indicate that larger families beyond seven
children are less common in the population. This suggests that factors such as access to family

planning, cultural norms, and economic considerations may influence family size decisions.

Understanding the distribution of the number of children among multigravida women can

help inform policies and programs related to family planning, maternal and child health, and

resource allocation. It can also provide insights into the dynamics of the community and the

potential impact on social, economic, and educational outcomes for both the parents and the

children.

69.30%

12.90%
10.40%
1.80% 2.50% 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 1.80%

Figure 7 Ethnic Group

Figure 7 The distribution of ethnic groups among multigravida women in Tapuac District,

Dagupan City, provides insights into the diversity and cultural composition of the population. Here

are some implications of the different percentages: Tagalog (12.90%): The presence of a

significant percentage of Tagalog-speaking multigravida women suggests a considerable

representation of the Tagalog ethnic group within the population. This may indicate migration

patterns or cultural diversity within the district. The Tagalog-speaking population may contribute
to the linguistic and cultural diversity of the community. Cebuano (1.80%): The relatively low

percentage of Cebuano-speaking multigravida women suggests a smaller presence of the Cebuano

ethnic group within the population. These individuals may have cultural and linguistic distinctions

that contribute to the overall diversity and richness of the community. Ilocano (10.40%): The

percentage of Ilocano-speaking multigravida women indicates a significant representation of the

Ilocano ethnic group within the population. The presence of Ilocano speakers may be due to

historical migration patterns or cultural ties to the region. This group may contribute to the cultural

fabric of the community and may have distinct traditions and practices. Pangasinense (69.30%):

The high percentage of Pangasinense-speaking multigravida women suggests that the

Pangasinense ethnic group is the most dominant within the population. This indicates a strong

cultural identity and heritage tied to the Pangasinense language and traditions. The Pangasinense

community may play a significant role in shaping the socio-cultural dynamics of Tapuac District.

Visayas (2.50%): The presence of Visayan-speaking multigravida women suggests a small

representation of the Visayan ethnic group within the population. These individuals may have

distinct cultural practices, traditions, and linguistic variations that contribute to the overall cultural

diversity of the community. Hilagayan, Bikolano, Waray, Igorot (0.60% each): The relatively low

percentages of these ethnic groups indicate a smaller representation within the population.

However, their presence still contributes to the diversity and cultural richness of the community.

Each of these ethnic groups may have unique traditions, languages, and customs that add to the

overall cultural tapestry of Tapuac District. Chinese Filipino (1.80%): The percentage of Chinese

Filipino multigravida women indicates a small but significant presence of individuals with Chinese

heritage within the population. This suggests cultural diversity and possibly historical ties to
Chinese migration and influence. Chinese Filipino individuals may bring their distinct cultural

practices, language, and traditions, contributing to the multicultural fabric of the community.

Understanding the distribution of ethnic groups among multigravida women can help foster

cultural sensitivity, promote social cohesion, and inform the development of targeted programs

and services. It allows for a better understanding of the community's unique needs, preferences,

and cultural practices, ensuring that policies and interventions are inclusive and respectful of the

diverse ethnic groups present in Tapuac District, Dagupan City.

Figure 8 Type of House

The distribution of different types of houses among multigravida women in Tapuac

District, Dagupan City, provides insights into the housing landscape and living arrangements

within the community. Here are some implications of the different percentages: Modern House

(17.60%): The presence of a significant percentage of modern houses suggests that a portion of

multigravida women in the district resides in contemporary-style homes. Modern houses typically

feature sleek designs, innovative architecture, and modern amenities. The prevalence of modern
houses may indicate a preference for more updated and aesthetically pleasing living spaces among

a portion of the population. Apartment House (27.90%): The relatively high percentage of

multigravida women residing in apartment houses suggests a significant portion of the population

lives in multi-unit residential buildings. Apartment houses typically offer individual living units

within a larger complex. This housing option may provide affordability, convenience, and access

to shared amenities, making it suitable for urban or densely populated areas. Mansion (3.60%):

The percentage of multigravida women living in mansions indicates a smaller but still notable

presence of individuals residing in large, luxurious homes. Mansions are typically spacious and

often feature high-end finishes and amenities. The presence of mansions may suggest a portion of

the population with a higher socio-economic status and a preference for upscale housing options.

Bungalow (24.80%): The significant percentage of multigravida women living in bungalows

suggests a prevalent housing type within the community. Bungalows are typically single-story

homes with a simple and practical design. They often offer accessible living arrangements, making

them suitable for individuals with mobility limitations or families seeking single-floor layouts.

Farm House (1.80%): The presence of multigravida women living in farmhouses suggests a small

portion of the population residing in rural or agricultural areas. Farmhouses often reflect traditional

architectural styles and may be situated on or near agricultural land. The presence of farmhouses

may indicate a connection to farming or rural livelihoods within the community. Penthouse

(1.20%): The percentage of multigravida women living in penthouses suggests a small but notable

presence of individuals residing in the top floors of high-rise buildings. Penthouse living often

offers exclusive and luxurious amenities, panoramic views, and spacious layouts. The presence of

penthouses may indicate a portion of the population with a higher socio-economic status and a

preference for upscale urban living. Single Family House (Detached) (15.80%): The percentage of
multigravida women living in detached single-family houses suggests a significant portion of the

population residing in standalone homes. These houses provide privacy, space, and independence.

Single-family houses are often associated with suburban or residential areas and can offer a sense

of community and stability. Condominium (0.60%): The low percentage of multigravida women

living in condominiums suggests a smaller presence of individuals residing in privately owned

units within a larger building or complex. Condominium living typically offers shared amenities,

security, and maintenance services. The presence of condominiums may indicate a preference for

urban living or a housing choice that suits a specific lifestyle or budget. Duplex (1.80%): The

presence of multigravida women living in duplexes suggests a small portion of the population

residing in homes divided into two separate units. Duplexes are often sought after for their

affordability and flexibility in accommodating extended families or generating rental income.

Single Attached Two-Storey (3.60%): The percentage of multigravida women living in single

attached two-storey houses indicates a notable presence of individuals residing in homes with two

floors that share a common wall with adjacent houses. This housing type often provides a balance

between space and affordability. Town House (0%): The absence of multigravida women living

in townhouses suggests that this housing type is not prevalent within the community. Townhouses

typically consist of multi-level units that share walls with adjacent units and often feature a narrow

footprint. The absence of townhouses may indicate a specific housing market and preferences

within the district. Multi-Storey House (0%): The absence of multigravida women living in multi-

storey houses suggests that this type of housing is not represented in the population. Multi-storey

houses typically have three or more floors and are common in urban areas with limited land

availability. Considering the distribution of housing types can provide insights into housing

affordability, lifestyle preferences, and the availability of different types of housing within the
community. It can inform urban planning, housing policies, and the provision of adequate housing

options that meet the diverse needs of the multigravida women and their families in Tapuac

District, Dagupan City.

37.50%

23.70%

15%
7.50% 8.10%
3.10% 3.70%
1.20% 0% 0%

Figure 9 Occupation of the Respondents

The distribution of occupations among the multigravida women in Tapuac District,

Dagupan City provides insights into the employment landscape and the types of jobs held within

the community. Here are some implications of the different percentages: Officials of government

and special-interest organizations, corporate executives, managers, managing proprietors, and

supervisors (15%): The percentage of women in high-level positions indicates a presence of

individuals holding leadership roles within government, special-interest organizations, and

corporations. This suggests a level of influence and decision-making power among this segment

of the population. The presence of individuals in managerial and executive positions can have

implications for policy-making, resource allocation, and organizational development.

Professionals (e.g., Teachers, Doctors, Nurses, etc.) (37.50%): The high percentage of

multigravida women working as professionals reflects a significant presence of individuals

employed in fields such as education, healthcare, law, engineering, and other specialized

professions. These professionals play crucial roles in providing essential services, expertise, and

contributing to the social and economic development of the community. The high percentage

indicates a strong professional workforce in Tapuac District. Technicians and associate

professionals (3.10%): The presence of technicians and associate professionals suggests a smaller

proportion of individuals employed in technical or specialized fields. These occupations often

require specific skills, knowledge, and technical expertise. The presence of technicians and

associate professionals indicates the need for specialized roles within various industries or sectors

in the community. Clerks (1.20%): The percentage of multigravida women working as clerks

suggests a smaller representation in administrative and clerical roles. These individuals may

perform tasks such as record-keeping, data entry, and administrative support. The presence of

clerks indicates the need for administrative functions and organizational support in various sectors

of the community. Service workers and shop and market sales workers (23.70%): The relatively

high percentage of multigravida women in service and sales occupations indicates a significant

portion of the population engaged in customer service, hospitality, retail, and related fields. These

individuals contribute to the local economy by providing essential services and supporting the

consumer market. The presence of service workers and sales workers suggests a diverse range of

businesses and employment opportunities within the district. Farmers, forestry workers, and

fishermen (7.50%): The percentage of multigravida women working in agricultural, forestry, and

fishing occupations suggests a portion of the population engaged in primary industries. These

individuals play vital roles in food production, natural resource management, and sustaining rural

livelihoods. The presence of farmers, forestry workers, and fishermen indicates a connection to

the land and the importance of agriculture within the community.

Trades and related workers (3.70%): The presence of trades and related workers suggests a smaller

representation of individuals employed in skilled trades such as construction, plumbing, electrical

work, carpentry, etc. These occupations require specific technical skills and expertise. The

presence of trades workers indicates the need for skilled labor to support infrastructure

development, maintenance, and construction projects within the district. Plant and machine

operators and assemblers (0%): The absence of multigravida women working as plant and machine

operators or assemblers suggests that these occupations may not be prevalent within the

community. These roles typically involve operating machinery, equipment, or assembly lines in

manufacturing or production settings. Laborers and unskilled workers (8.10%): The percentage of

multigravida women working as laborers and unskilled workers suggests a portion of the

population engaged in manual labor or tasks that do not require specific skills or training. These

individuals may be involved in construction labor, general maintenance, or other physically

demanding roles. The presence of laborers and unskilled.

 Figure 10.a Family Planning Traditional Methods Used

The high usage of traditional methods like calendar methods (45.60%) and withdrawal (54.40%)

suggests a reliance on non-medical, non-hormonal methods of contraception. This could indicate

limited access to or availability of modern contraceptive methods, such as oral contraceptive pills,

condoms, or intrauterine devices (IUDs). Lack of access to modern methods may be due to various

reasons, including financial constraints, limited availability in the area, or cultural and religious

beliefs.

Figure 10.b Family Planning Modern Methods Used

The data provided indicates the association between the demographic profile of

multigravida (women who have had multiple pregnancies) attending Tapuac Health Centre and
their family planning preferences. The percentages represent the distribution of different family

planning methods chosen by the multigravida population. Here are some possible implications of

this association: Contraceptive Preferences: The data reveals the preferred family planning

methods among multigravida women attending Tapuac Health Centre. The highest preference is

for oral contraceptive pills (57.70%), followed by condom use (40.10%). These findings highlight

the popularity of these methods within the studied population. Understanding these preferences

can inform healthcare providers and policymakers about the most commonly used methods,

allowing them to tailor family planning programs and services accordingly. Accessibility and

Awareness: The distribution of family planning methods chosen by the multigravida population

may reflect factors such as availability, accessibility, and awareness. For example, the high usage

of oral contraceptive pills suggests that these methods are readily accessible and widely known

among the multigravida population in the area. Conversely, the lower usage of certain methods

like male sterilization (1.40%) or mucus/billings/ovulation methods (2.80%) could indicate a lack

of awareness or limited access to these options.

 .

Figure 11 Reasons of Not using Family Planning

Figure 11 The data provided highlights various reasons for not using family planning methods.

Here are the implications of each reason: Lack of awareness about family planning methods: The

high percentage of respondents (27.80%) citing lack of awareness suggests a need for improved

education and dissemination of information about family planning. It indicates that individuals

may not be fully aware of the available contraceptive options, their benefits, and how to access

them. Increasing awareness through targeted campaigns and community outreach programs can

help address this issue. Cultural or religious beliefs that discourage the use of contraception:

Cultural and religious beliefs play a significant role in shaping attitudes towards family planning.

When these beliefs discourage or prohibit the use of contraception, individuals may be less likely

to adopt family planning methods. Addressing this issue requires culturally sensitive approaches

that respect diverse perspectives while providing accurate information about family planning

options. Fear of side effects or health risks associated with family planning methods: Concerns

about side effects or health risks associated with family planning methods (18.50%) can deter
individuals from using contraception. This highlights the importance of comprehensive counseling

and accurate information about the safety and effectiveness of different methods. Healthcare

providers can address these concerns by discussing potential side effects, dispelling myths, and

offering alternative options. Lack of access to family planning services or contraceptives: The

inability to access family planning services or contraceptives (11.10%) is a significant barrier.

Limited availability of services, long distances to healthcare facilities, and financial constraints

can hinder individuals' ability to obtain contraceptives. Ensuring accessible and affordable family

planning services, including contraceptive supplies, is crucial in addressing this issue.

Misconceptions or myths about family planning methods: Misconceptions or myths surrounding

family planning methods (13%) can lead to reluctance or resistance in using contraception.

Disseminating accurate information, debunking myths, and addressing misconceptions can help

individuals make informed decisions and overcome barriers to family planning. Desire to have

more children or opposition to limiting family size: The desire to have more children or opposition

to limiting family size (20.40%) reflects personal preferences and values. It may be influenced by

cultural, social, or economic factors. Encouraging discussions about reproductive goals, providing

information on the benefits of spacing pregnancies, and highlighting the advantages of planned

parenthood can help individuals make informed decisions about family planning. Lack of support

or involvement from partner or spouse: The involvement and support of partners or spouses are

critical in family planning decisions. The lack of support (16.70%) may affect individuals' ability

or motivation to use contraception. Encouraging open communication and involving partners in

family planning discussions can help foster shared responsibility and decision-making. Financial

constraints or inability to afford contraceptives: Financial constraints (11.10%) can hinder

individuals from accessing and affording contraceptives. Cost-effective and subsidized family
planning services can help overcome this barrier and ensure that individuals have access to a range

of affordable contraceptive options. Fear of judgment or stigma from society: The fear of judgment

or stigma (11.10%) associated with using contraception may discourage individuals from seeking

family planning services. Addressing social norms, promoting acceptance, and creating supportive

environments can help reduce stigma and create an enabling environment for family planning.

Limited education or understanding about the importance of family planning: Limited education

or understanding about the importance of family planning (16.70%) underscores the need for

comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education. Providing accurate information about

the benefits of family planning, its impact on maternal and child health, and overall well-being can

help individuals make informed decisions.

Understanding the implications of not using family planning methods can guide the

development of targeted interventions, policy changes, and healthcare services. It highlights the

importance of addressing barriers, promoting awareness, providing accurate information, and

ensuring access to a wide range of contraceptive options.

 Figure 12 Reasons of Using Family Planning

The implications of using family planning methods can vary based on different factors.

Here are the implications of each factor: Effectiveness: The perceived effectiveness of a family

planning method in preventing pregnancy (57.80%) is a crucial consideration for individuals. High

effectiveness rates instill confidence in the method and provide reassurance that it will meet their

family planning goals. Emphasizing the effectiveness of various methods can help individuals

make informed choices and increase their trust in family planning. Safety: Concerns about the

safety and potential side effects of the method (27.30%) can impact decision-making. Providing

accurate information about the safety profile of different methods, addressing concerns, and

discussing potential side effects can help individuals make informed choices and alleviate fears.

Accessibility: The ease of obtaining and using the chosen method (33.10%) is an important factor.

Individuals need access to affordable and readily available family planning services and

contraceptives. Improving accessibility through increased service provision, expanded

contraceptive options, and removing barriers can promote greater utilization of family planning

methods. Cost: The affordability and availability of the method (24.70%) can influence decision-
making. Cost can be a significant barrier for individuals with limited financial resources. Ensuring

affordable or subsidized family planning services and promoting cost-effective methods can help

overcome financial constraints. Health considerations: The compatibility of the method with

personal health conditions or medical history (21.40%) is crucial. Some individuals may have

specific health concerns or medical conditions that require them to choose specific contraceptive

methods. Offering a range of options that cater to different health needs and providing personalized

counseling can address these considerations. Convenience: The convenience and practicality of

using the method in daily life (13.60%) impact its adoption and continuation. Methods that are

easy to use, integrate seamlessly into daily routines, and do not disrupt lifestyle choices are more

likely to be chosen. Considering convenience factors can help individuals find methods that suit

their lifestyle and increase adherence. Partner involvement: The willingness and support of the

partner in using a specific family planning method (18.20%) play a significant role. Partner

involvement promotes shared decision-making, increases support for family planning, and

enhances method compliance. Encouraging open communication and involving partners in family

planning discussions can improve method uptake and continuation. Cultural or religious beliefs:

The alignment of the method with personal or cultural beliefs and values (9.70%) is an important

consideration. Family planning methods that respect and align with cultural or religious beliefs are

more likely to be accepted and adopted. Ensuring a diverse range of options that accommodate

different cultural and religious perspectives can help individuals make choices that align with their

values. Desire for future pregnancies: The compatibility of the method with future reproductive

goals (11%) is an essential consideration. Some individuals may desire future pregnancies and

prefer methods that allow for easy discontinuation and quick return to fertility. Counseling

individuals about the reversible nature of methods and considering future reproductive intentions
can guide method selection. Information and education: The availability of accurate and reliable

information about different family planning methods (11.70%) is crucial. Access to comprehensive

education, counseling, and information materials can empower individuals to make informed

choices. Providing easily accessible and understandable information about the various methods

can increase awareness and facilitate decision-making.

Understanding these implications can guide healthcare providers, policymakers, and

organizations in tailoring family planning programs, promoting informed decision-making, and

addressing barriers to contraceptive utilization. It emphasizes the importance of providing

comprehensive information, ensuring accessibility, considering individual needs and preferences,

and fostering supportive environments for family planning.

DO U HAVE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE

96.40718563
FACILITIES IN YOUR AREA ?
DO YOU FEEL THAT YOUR
88.62275449
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE…
HAVE YOU EVER ATTENDED ANY FAMILY
77.54491018
PLANNING EDUCATIONAL SESSIONS OR…
ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH GOVERNMENT-
SPONSORED FAMILY PLANNING… 88.92215569

DO YOU RECEIVE SUPPORT FROM YOUR

FAMILY OR COMMUNITY REGARDING… 87.4251497

DO YOU DISCUSS FAMILY PLANNING WITH

91.61676647
YOUR PARTNER/SPOUSE?
ARE YOU SATISFIED WITH YOUR CURRENT 91.31736527
FAMILY PLANNING METHOD

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Figure 13 Access Family Planning

The data provided indicates the responses to various questions related to family planning.

Here are the implications of each response: Are you satisfied with your current family planning

method? (91.31736527%): The high percentage of respondents indicating satisfaction with their
current family planning method suggests that the majority of individuals are content with their

chosen method. This indicates that their method is meeting their contraceptive needs and

preferences, and they are experiencing positive outcomes in terms of effectiveness, safety,

convenience, and other factors. High satisfaction rates can contribute to method continuation and

promote overall family planning success. Do you discuss family planning with your

partner/spouse? (91.61676647%): The high percentage of respondents reporting that they discuss

family planning with their partner/spouse indicates the importance of open communication and

shared decision-making in family planning. Partner involvement and support can positively impact

family planning decisions, increase method adherence, and foster a supportive environment for

reproductive health. Do you receive support from your family or community regarding family

planning decisions? (87.4251497%): The significant percentage of individuals receiving support

from their family or community suggests that they have a positive social environment that

encourages and supports family planning. Family and community support can influence family

planning decisions, provide emotional and practical assistance, and contribute to the overall well-

being of individuals and families. Are you familiar with government-sponsored family planning

programs in the Philippines? (88.92215569%): The high percentage of respondents familiar with

government-sponsored family planning programs indicates that these programs have been

effective in raising awareness and reaching a significant portion of the population. This suggests

that government efforts in promoting family planning services, education, and accessibility have

been successful in disseminating information and creating awareness among individuals. Have you

ever attended any family planning educational sessions or workshops? (77.54491018%): The

percentage of individuals who have attended family planning educational sessions or workshops

indicates the level of exposure to formal education and information about family planning.
Attending such sessions can enhance knowledge, improve decision-making, and promote informed

choices regarding family planning methods and services. Do you feel that your sociodemographic

profile influences your family planning preferences? (88.62275449%): The high percentage of

individuals acknowledging the influence of their sociodemographic profile on family planning

preferences suggests an awareness of how factors such as age, education, income, and cultural

background can shape their choices. Recognizing these influences can help individuals make

decisions that align with their unique circumstances and needs. Do you have access to healthcare

facilities in your area? (96.40718563%): The high percentage of individuals having access to

healthcare facilities in their area indicates the availability of essential reproductive health services.

Accessible healthcare facilities ensure that individuals can easily obtain family planning services,

contraceptives, counseling, and necessary follow-up care. This accessibility is crucial in promoting

effective family planning and reproductive health outcomes. Understanding these implications can

guide policymakers, healthcare providers, and organizations in further enhancing family planning

programs, improving access to services, promoting communication and education, and addressing

specific needs and preferences of individuals and communities.

 Educational Ethnic Type of Type of Reason of Reason of Access to
Age Civil Status Attainment Income # of Children Group House Work not using FP Using FP FP

Age 1

Civil Status 0.457116 1

Educational
Attainment 0.34574 -0.60326 1

Income 0.287204 -0.66296 0.968244 1

# of
Children -0.19182 0.532261 -0.14875 0.373155 1
Ethnic
Group -0.22222 -0.67928 0.147719 0.391498 0.139424 1
Type of
House 0.512377 0.467837 -0.09752 0.206514 0.50852 0.521194 1
Type of
Work 0.605443 0.928843 -0.44539 -0.15189 0.354342 -0.24025 0.420765 1
Reason of
not using
FP 0.367979 0.932565 -0.14173 0.036247 0.740152 -0.23989 0.469647 0.576822 1
Reason of
Using FP -0.41676 0.358462 -0.25228 0.312228 0.968983 0.232758 0.480147 0.318344 0.668056 1
Satisfactory
on FP 0.366528 0.919509 0.256437 0.043958 0.192444 0.004998 0.562682 -0.22405 0.421961 0.134619 1
 Figure 14 The Correlation of Sociodemographic Profile of the Multigravida of Tapuact

District Dagupan City to FP

The correlation matrix you provided suggests the relationships between various

sociodemographic variables and their impact on reasons for not using FP, reasons for using FP,

and access to FP. Let's analyze each correlation: Reason for not using FP: There is a positive

correlation (0.368) between age and reasons for not using FP. This indicates that as age increases,

individuals may be less likely to cite reasons for not using FP.There is a negative correlation (-

0.417) between age and reasons for using FP. This suggests that older individuals may have fewer

reasons for using FP compared to younger individuals. Age does not show a strong correlation

with access to FP in the provided correlation matrix.There is a positive correlation (0.933) between

civil status and reasons for not using FP. This suggests that individuals who are not currently in a

civil union may be more likely to cite reasons for not using FP. Civil status does not show a strong

correlation with reasons for using FP in the provided correlation matrix. Civil status does not show

a strong correlation with access to FP in the provided correlation matrix. There is a negative

correlation (-0.142) between educational attainment and reasons for not using FP. This suggests

that individuals with higher educational attainment may have fewer reasons for not using FP. There

is a negative correlation (-0.252) between educational attainment and reasons for using FP. This

implies that individuals with higher educational attainment may have fewer reasons for using FP.

Educational attainment does not show a strong correlation with access to FP in the provided

correlation matrix. Income does not show a strong correlation with reasons for not using FP in the

provided correlation matrix. Income does not show a strong correlation with reasons for using FP

in the provided correlation matrix. Income does not show a strong correlation with access to FP in

the provided correlation matrix. There is a positive correlation (0.740) between the number of
children and reasons for not using FP. This indicates that individuals with more children may be

more likely to cite reasons for not using FP. There is a positive correlation (0.969) between the

number of children and reasons for using FP. This suggests that individuals with more children

may have more reasons for using FP. The number of children does not show a strong correlation

with access to FP in the provided correlation matrix. These variables do not show strong

correlations with reasons for not using FP, reasons for using FP, or access to FP in the provided

correlation matrix.

Discussions

The implications of the correlations between sociodemographic variables and reasons for

not using FP, reasons for using FP, and access to FP are as follows: The positive correlation

between age and reasons for not using FP suggests that younger individuals may require more

targeted interventions to address their specific reasons for non-use. It could be beneficial to focus

on educating younger individuals about the importance of FP and addressing misconceptions or

lack of awareness. The negative correlation between age and reasons for using FP implies that

older individuals may already have established their desired family size or may face different

motivations for using FP, such as spacing or limiting the number of children. The positive

correlation between civil status and reasons for not using FP suggests that individuals who are not

in a civil union may have unique reasons for non-use. Understanding these reasons and tailoring

interventions to address their concerns can be beneficial in promoting FP utilization. While civil

status does not show a strong correlation with reasons for using FP, it is still important to consider

the diversity of individuals' experiences and needs within different civil statuses. The negative

correlations between educational attainment and reasons for not using FP, as well as reasons for

using FP, suggest that individuals with higher educational attainment may have better knowledge
and understanding of FP, leading to more informed decision-making. These findings highlight the

importance of comprehensive sex education and promoting awareness among individuals with

lower educational attainment to address the barriers they may face in FP utilization. The lack of

strong correlations between income and reasons for not using FP, reasons for using FP, and access

to FP suggest that income may not be a significant factor influencing FP-related decisions in the

provided correlation matrix. However, it is crucial to recognize that financial constraints can be a

barrier to accessing FP methods for many individuals. Policies and programs that address

affordability and improve access to FP services for low-income individuals can still play a crucial

role in promoting FP utilization. The positive correlations between the number of children and

reasons for not using FP, as well as reasons for using FP, highlight the importance of addressing

the specific needs and concerns of individuals with different family sizes. Interventions focused

on counseling and providing appropriate FP methods based on the number of children can be

beneficial in promoting effective family planning and meeting individuals' reproductive health

goals. The lack of strong correlations between certain sociodemographic variables, such as ethnic

group, type of house, and type of work, with reasons for not using FP, reasons for using FP, and

access to FP in the provided correlation matrix indicates that these specific variables may not be

significant determinants in the context considered. However, it is essential to consider that

sociodemographic variables can vary across different populations and contexts, and additional

factors beyond those included in the correlation matrix may influence FP-related outcomes.

Overall, the implications of these correlations underscore the importance of tailoring FP

interventions and programs to address the specific needs, knowledge gaps, and concerns of

different sociodemographic groups. By understanding the relationship between sociodemographic

variables and FP-related factors, policymakers and healthcare providers can design targeted

strategies to improve access, increase knowledge, and address barriers to FP utilization.

 Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

In recent decades' world population has increased drastically, especially in developing

countries. Population growth in developing nations can cause an array of problems: insufficiencies

in health care programs, lack of resources, and pollution. Regrettably, some difficulties, such as

starvation due to food shortages, may occur. In order to battle these problems, the growth of the

population must be controlled. A cross-sectional study , the study examined the association

between the demographic profile of multigravida women in Tapuac district, Dagupan City, and

their family planning preferences. The demographic factors investigated included age, civil status,

educational attainment, income, number of children, ethnic group, type of house, type of work,

reasons for not using family planning, reasons for using family planning, and satisfaction with

family planning.

The findings of the study revealed several significant correlations and implications:

1. Age: Age was positively correlated with civil status, educational attainment, income, type of

house, and type of work. This suggests that as women in Tapuac district get older, they are more

likely to have higher civil status, education, income, and specific types of housing and work.

2. Civil Status: Civil status showed positive correlations with educational attainment, income, and

type of work. This indicates that certain civil statuses may be associated with higher education,

income, and specific types of occupations.

3. Educational Attainment: Educational attainment was positively correlated with income and type

of work. This implies that higher levels of education are linked to higher income and specific types

of occupations.

4. Income: Income showed positive correlations with the type of house, suggesting that higher

income levels may be associated with living in certain types of houses. There was also a correlation

with the type of work, indicating that income may influence the type of occupation women engage

in.

5. Number of Children: There were no significant correlations between the number of children and

the other variables, suggesting that the number of children may not strongly influence family

planning preferences in this population.

6. Ethnic Group: No correlations were reported for ethnic group, indicating that it does not show

a significant relationship with the other variables in the study.

7. Type of House: The type of house showed a positive correlation with the type of work,

suggesting that specific types of houses may be associated with certain types of occupations.

8. Type of Work: The type of work was positively correlated with reasons for using family

planning, indicating that the occupation women engage in may influence their motivations for

using family planning methods.

9. Reasons for not using Family Planning: There were positive correlations between reasons for

not using family planning and civil status, educational attainment, income, and the number of

children. This suggests that these demographic factors may influence the reasons why women

choose not to use family planning methods.

10. Reasons for using Family Planning: The reasons for using family planning showed positive

correlations with educational attainment, income, and the number of children. This indicates that

these factors may influence women's motivations for using family planning methods.

11. Satisfaction with Family Planning: There were no strong correlations between satisfaction with

family planning and the demographic factors, implying that satisfaction may not be strongly

influenced by age, civil status, educational attainment, income, or reasons for using family

planning.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the study examined the association between the demographic profile of

multigravida women in Tapuac district, Dagupan City, and their family planning preferences. The

findings provide valuable insights into the factors that may influence family planning decisions in

this population.

1. The study revealed several significant correlations between demographic factors and family

planning preferences. Age was found to be positively correlated with civil status, educational

attainment, income, type of house, and type of work. This suggests that as women in Tapuac

district get older, they are more likely to have higher civil status, education, income, and engage

in specific types of housing and work.

2. Civil status was also positively correlated with educational attainment, income, and type of

work, indicating that certain civil statuses may be associated with higher education, income, and

specific types of occupations. Educational attainment showed a positive correlation with income

and type of work, highlighting the importance of education in influencing income and occupational

choices.
3. Income was positively correlated with the type of house, suggesting that higher income levels

may be associated with living in specific types of houses. It was also correlated with the type of

work, indicating that income may influence the type of occupation women engage in.

4. The number of children did not show significant correlations with the other variables, suggesting

that it may not strongly influence family planning preferences in this population.

5. The study also identified correlations between reasons for not using family planning and

demographic factors such as civil status, educational attainment, income, and the number of

children. This highlights the influence of these factors on the reasons why women choose not to

use family planning methods. Similarly, reasons for using family planning were correlated with

educational attainment, income, and the number of children, indicating their impact on women's

motivations for using family planning. However, satisfaction with family planning did not show

strong correlations with the demographic factors, suggesting that it may be influenced by other

factors not captured in the study.

Recommendation

Based on the findings of the study on the association between the demographic profile of

multigravida women in Tapuac district, Dagupan City, and their family planning preferences, the

following recommendations can be made:

1. Increase Awareness and Education: Since lack of awareness and limited education about family

planning were identified as significant reasons for not using family planning, there is a need to

improve awareness campaigns and educational programs targeting women in Tapuac district.
These initiatives should focus on providing accurate and reliable information about various family

planning methods, their benefits, and dispelling misconceptions or myths.

2. Address Cultural and Religious Beliefs: Cultural or religious beliefs that discourage the use of

contraception were identified as a barrier to family planning. Efforts should be made to engage

community leaders, religious organizations, and influential figures to promote a better

understanding of family planning and address misconceptions. Sensitivity to cultural and religious

values should be maintained while promoting informed decision-making regarding family

planning.

3. Improve Access to Family Planning Services: Lack of access to family planning services and

contraceptives was identified as a significant barrier. It is crucial to ensure the availability and

affordability of a wide range of family planning methods in healthcare facilities in Tapuac district.

This includes improving the supply chain, training healthcare providers, and establishing outreach

programs to reach remote areas.

4. Partner Involvement and Support: Lack of support or involvement from partners or spouses was

identified as a factor influencing family planning decisions. Encouraging open communication and

involving partners in family planning discussions can lead to more informed decision-making and

increased support for family planning methods.

5. Strengthen Government-sponsored Programs: Although a considerable percentage of

respondents were familiar with government-sponsored family planning programs, efforts should

be made to increase awareness and utilization of these programs. Collaborating with local
authorities, community organizations, and healthcare providers can enhance the reach and

effectiveness of government-sponsored initiatives.

6. Tailor Family Planning Services to Specific Demographic Groups: The study identified

correlations between demographic factors and family planning preferences. Tailoring family

planning services to the specific needs and preferences of different demographic groups can help

increase their acceptance and utilization. This can be achieved through targeted counseling,

culturally sensitive approaches, and addressing specific concerns or barriers faced by different

demographic groups.

7. Conduct Further Research: The study provides valuable insights into the association between

demographics and family planning preferences in Tapuac district. However, further research is

needed to explore additional factors and to validate and expand upon the findings. Longitudinal

studies and qualitative research can provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics and

complexities of family planning decisions in this population.

Overall, implementing these recommendations can contribute to improving family

planning uptake and choices among multigravida women in Tapuac district, Dagupan City, leading

to better reproductive health outcomes and empowerment for women and their families.
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 APPENDIX A
Survey Questionsof the Study

Sociodemographic Status

Age Group

17 – 21

22 - 26

27 - 31

32 - 36

37 - 41

42 above

Numbers of Children

2
3

10

11

12

More than 13

Education

Elementary

High School

College

Graduates

PHD

Income / Social Class

Less than ₱12,082 Poor

Between ₱12,082 and ₱24,164 Low-income class (but not poor)

Between ₱24,164 and ₱48,328 Lower middle-income class

Between ₱48,328 and ₱84,574 Middle middle-income class

Between ₱84,574 and ₱144,984 Upper middle-income class

 Between ₱144,984 and ₱241,640 Upper-income class (but not rich)

₱241,640 and above Rich

Marital Status

Single

Married

Widow

Separated/ divorce

Type of House

Modern House

Apartment House

Mansion

Bungalow

Farm House

Penthouse

Single Family House ( Detached )

Condominium

Duplex

Single attached Two storey

Town House

Multi Storey House

Commercial House or building

( VENUS ZOLETA 2023: World Atlas ND: NMADES Construction 2022 )

 Family Planning Preferences

What is your occupation?

Officials of government and special-interest

organizations, corporate executives, managers,

managing proprietors and supervisors

Professionals ( e.i Teachers, Dr, Nurse, etc. )

Technicians and associate professionals (

Clerks

Service workers and shop and market sales workers

Farmers, forestry workers and fishermen

Trades and related workers

 Plant and machine operators and assemblers

Laborers and unskilled workers

Drivers

Are you residing in an urban or rural area?

Urban

Rural

Do you have access to healthcare facilities in your area? Yes No

Have you ever used any form of family planning methods? Yes No

If yes, which family planning methods have you used in the past or are Yes No

currently using?

Modern methods Yes No

Pills

IUD

Injection

Diaphragm/foam/jelly/cream

condom

Female sterilization

Male sterilization

mucus/billings/ovulation

Traditional Yes No

Calendar/rhythm

Withdrawal.

If no, what are the reasons for not using any family planning methods? Yes No
 Lack of awareness about family planning methods.

Cultural or religious beliefs that discourage the use

of contraception.

Fear of side effects or health risks associated with

family planning methods.

Lack of access to family planning services or

contraceptives.

Misconceptions or myths about family planning

methods.

Desire to have more children or opposition to

limiting family size.

Lack of support or involvement from partner or

spouse.

Financial constraints or inability to afford

contraceptives.

Fear of judgment or stigma from society.

Limited education or understanding about the

importance of family planning.

What factors influence your choice of family planning methods? Yes No

Effectiveness: The perceived effectiveness of a

family planning method in preventing pregnancy.

 Safety: Concerns about the safety and potential side

effects of the method.

Accessibility: The ease of obtaining and using the

chosen method.

Cost: The affordability and availability of the

method.

Health considerations: The compatibility of the

method with personal health conditions or medical

history.

Convenience: The convenience and practicality of

using the method in daily life.

Partner involvement: The willingness and support of

the partner in using a specific family planning

method.

Cultural or religious beliefs: The alignment of the

method with personal or cultural beliefs and values.

Desire for future pregnancies: The compatibility of

the method with future reproductive goals.

Information and education: The availability of

accurate and reliable information about different

family planning methods.

Are you satisfied with your current family planning method? Yes No

Do you discuss family planning with your partner/spouse? Yes No

 Do you receive support from your family or community regarding family Yes No

planning decisions?

Are you familiar with government-sponsored family planning programs Yes No

in the Philippines?

Have you ever attended any family planning educational sessions or Yes No

workshops?

Do you feel that your sociodemographic profile influences your family Yes No

planning preferences?

( Philippine Statistic Office 2023: Makati Medical Center 2020 : Karadun,et al 2021 )