8464 B 2H QP CombinedScienceTrilogy G 9jun23 PM

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H
GCSE
COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY
Higher Tier
Biology Paper 2H
Friday 9 June 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes

Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler Question Mark
• a scientific calculator.
1
Instructions 2
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
• Pencil should only be used for drawing. 4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 5
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 6
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be TOTAL
marked.
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
Information
• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
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IB/M/Jun23/E7 8464/B/2H
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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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IB/M/Jun23/8464/B/2H
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0 1 Sexual reproduction in humans involves the production of egg cells and sperm cells. box
0 1 . 1 Name the type of cell division that produces egg cells and sperm cells.
[1 mark]
0 1 . 2 Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically different from each other.
Give two reasons why sexual reproduction causes variation in the offspring.
[2 marks]
Question 1 continues on the next page
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Polydactyly is an inherited disorder. box
The allele for polydactyly is dominant, D.
A person with two copies of the allele d will not have polydactyly.
0 1 . 3 A person with the genotype DD is homozygous.
What word describes the genotype Dd?

[1 mark]
0 1 . 4 A person with the genotype Dd and a person with the genotype dd plan to have
a child.
Determine the probability that the child will have polydactyly.
You should:
• complete the Punnett square diagram
• identify any offspring genotype that would have polydactyly.
[5 marks]
Probability that the child will have polydactyly =
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0 1 . 5 Embryos can be screened for the alleles that cause inherited disorders. box
Give two advantages of embryo screening.

[2 marks]
2
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0 2 It is estimated that 99.9% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct. box
0 2 . 1 Why is the percentage of species that are extinct only an estimate?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
All individuals of one species have the same genes.
Extinction is always caused by humans.
Humans have not found evidence of every species.
0 2 . 2 What evidence is used to study species that have become extinct?

[1 mark]
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0 2 . 3 A bacterium called Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) can infect the box
human digestive system.
C. difficile can multiply and produce toxins. The toxins cause diarrhoea.
Doctors are concerned that new strains of C. difficile may evolve.

Antibiotics may not be able to kill these new strains.
Explain how the evolution of antibiotic resistant C. difficile can be slowed down.
[6 marks]
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0 3 Figure 1 shows a river next to a field. box
Figure 1
0 3 . 1 Describe a method to investigate how the distance from the river affects the number
of different plant species in the field.
You should explain how to use a transect in your method.

[4 marks]
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0 3 . 2 Students used a valid method to investigate how the distance from the river affects box
the number of different plant species in the field.
Figure 2 shows the results.
Figure 2
What is shown by the data in Figure 2?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
Fewer different species are always recorded nearer to the river.
The mean value students can be most certain about is 5 metres from
the river.
The number of species recorded 6 metres from the river is anomalous.
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Cows walk on the ground near the river more than they walk on the ground further box
from the river.
0 3 . 3 Which is an abiotic factor that could affect the number of different plant species found
near the river?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
Microorganisms near the roots
Moisture levels in the soil
Oxygen concentration in the air
Primary consumers in the field
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0 3 . 4 Increasing numbers of cows are being farmed across the world. box
Explain the environmental implications of increasing numbers of cows being farmed.

[6 marks]
12
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0 4 Sea lice are small animals that feed on the skin and blood of salmon fish. box
Figure 3 shows sea lice attached to the skin of a salmon, Oncorhynchus keta.
Figure 3
0 4 . 1 What is the genus name of salmon?

[1 mark]
0 4 . 2 Which domain are sea lice classified in?

[1 mark]
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0 4 . 3 Some salmon have genes that result in fewer sea lice attaching to the skin. box
Describe how fish farmers can selectively breed salmon that sea lice
cannot attach to.
[3 marks]
0 4 . 4 Explain the advantages to salmon farmers of producing salmon that do not have
sea lice attached to their skin.
[3 marks]
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0 4 . 5 Explain the disadvantage of selectively breeding salmon. box
Do not refer to cost or to time in your answer.

[2 marks]
10
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0 5 In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) can be used to treat infertility. box
0 5 . 1 Which hormones are given to women having IVF treatment?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
FSH and LH
FSH and oestrogen
LH and oestrogen
0 5 . 2 Name the target organ of the hormones used for IVF.

[1 mark]
0 5 . 3 Describe why microscopes are needed in the process of IVF.

[1 mark]
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0 5 . 4 Describe how the hormones given to women during IVF treatment interact with other box
hormones to prepare the body for pregnancy.

[3 marks]
Scientists studied women who had IVF treatment.
Table 1 shows the results.
Table 1
Number of women
Received IVF treatment 450
Successful IVF treatment 135
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0 5 . 5 Calculate the simplest ratio of the number of women who had successful IVF to the box
number of women who had unsuccessful IVF.
Give the ratio in whole numbers.

[2 marks]
Ratio (whole numbers) = :
0 5 . 6 Suggest one factor that can affect the probability of a woman having a child as
a result of IVF treatment.
[1 mark]
0 5 . 7 Give two arguments against the use of IVF treatment.
Do not refer to cost or to religion in your answer.

[2 marks]
2
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0 6 The control of body temperature is an example of homeostasis. box
0 6 . 1 Give one other internal condition controlled by homeostasis.
Do not refer to temperature in your answer.

[1 mark]
0 6 . 2 Explain why the control of body temperature is important.

[2 marks]
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The body temperature of long-distance swimmers can change as the box
length of time swimming in cold water increases.
Figure 4 shows how the body temperature of one swimmer changed in the first
4 hours of a long-distance swim.
Figure 4
0 6 . 3 Calculate the mean rate of body temperature decrease per hour in the first 4 hours of
the swim.
[2 marks]
Rate = °C per hour
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0 6 . 4 Hypothermia is a dangerously low body temperature. box
For this swimmer, a 5.5% decrease in body temperature from the start of the swim will
cause hypothermia.
Determine the body temperature at which this swimmer will start to have hypothermia.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[4 marks]
Body temperature (2 significant figures) = °C
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A decrease in body temperature causes the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland to box
be stimulated.
0 6 . 5 Which gland secretes hormones to stimulate the adrenal glands?

[1 mark]
0 6 . 6 Explain the role of the adrenal glands in responding to a decrease in

body temperature.
[5 marks]
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0 6 . 7 Explain how the thyroid gland controls the response to a decrease in body box
temperature by negative feedback.

[3 marks]
18
END OF QUESTIONS
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box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
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box
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box
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Copyright information
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and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team.
Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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Please write clearly in block capitals.

Centre number Candidate number

Friday 9 June 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

Question 1 continues on the next page

The allele for polydactyly is dominant, D.

0 1 . 3 A person with the genotype DD is homozygous.

What word describes the genotype Dd?

Determine the probability that the child will have polydactyly.

Probability that the child will have polydactyly =

Give two advantages of embryo screening.

Turn over for the next question

0 2 . 1 Why is the percentage of species that are extinct only an estimate?

All individuals of one species have the same genes.

Extinction is always caused by humans.

Humans have not found evidence of every species.

0 2 . 2 What evidence is used to study species that have become extinct?

human digestive system.

Doctors are concerned that new strains of C. difficile may evolve.

You should explain how to use a transect in your method.

the number of different plant species in the field.

Figure 2 shows the results.

What is shown by the data in Figure 2?

Fewer different species are always recorded nearer to the river.

The number of species recorded 6 metres from the river is anomalous.

Question 3 continues on the next page

from the river.

Microorganisms near the roots

Moisture levels in the soil

Oxygen concentration in the air

Primary consumers in the field

Explain the environmental implications of increasing numbers of cows being farmed.

Turn over for the next question

0 4 . 1 What is the genus name of salmon?

0 4 . 2 Which domain are sea lice classified in?

Question 4 continues on the next page

Do not refer to cost or to time in your answer.

0 5 . 1 Which hormones are given to women having IVF treatment?

FSH and oestrogen

0 5 . 2 Name the target organ of the hormones used for IVF.

0 5 . 3 Describe why microscopes are needed in the process of IVF.

Question 5 continues on the next page

hormones to prepare the body for pregnancy.

Scientists studied women who had IVF treatment.

Table 1 shows the results.

Received IVF treatment 450

Successful IVF treatment 135

number of women who had unsuccessful IVF.

Give the ratio in whole numbers.

Ratio (whole numbers) = :

0 5 . 7 Give two arguments against the use of IVF treatment.

Do not refer to cost or to religion in your answer.

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

0 6 . 1 Give one other internal condition controlled by homeostasis.

Do not refer to temperature in your answer.

0 6 . 2 Explain why the control of body temperature is important.

Question 6 continues on the next page

length of time swimming in cold water increases.

Rate = °C per hour