General Knowledge & Current Affairs: Objective

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CONTENTS
Section A : HISTORY A-1–A-166
1. Indus Valley Civilization 1-9

2. Vedic Period and Religious Movements 10-26
3. Maurya Period and Post Mauryan Period 27-39
4. Gupta Period and Post Gupta Period 40-66
5. Ancient History (Miscellaneous) 67-72
6. Delhi Sultanate 73-91
7. Mughal Period 92-109
8. Initial Modern History 110-130
9. Indian Freedom Struggle - I (1857-1917) 131-145
10. Indian Freedom Struggle - II (1917-1947) 146-166
Section B : GEOGRAPHY B-1–B-42
1. Astronomy 1-7
2. Physical Geography 8-15
3. Economic Geography 16-23
4. World Geography 24-31
5. Geography of India 32-42
Section C : INDIAN POLITY & GOVERNANCE C-1–C-54
1. Indian Constitution 1-15

2. Political System 16-28
3. Local Government and Public Policy 29-39
4. Judiciary 40-54
Section D : ECONOMICS D-1–D-46
1. Indian Economy 1-12

2. Planning and Economic Development 13-19
3. Agriculture in Indian Economy 20-29
4. Indian Industry 30-37
5. World Economy 38-46
Section E : GENERAL SCIENCE E-1–E-80
1. Physics 1-15
2. Chemistry 16-25
3. Biology 26-58
4. Environment and Ecology 59-70
5. Science and Technology 71-80
Section F : GENERAL AWARENESS F-1–F-40
1. Art and Culture 1-7

2. National and International Awards 8-17
3. Books and Authors 18-24
4. Sports and Games 25-31
5. Miscellaneous 32-40
Section G : CURRENT AFFAIRS G-1–G-60
1. National 1-11
2. International 12-19
3. Economical 20-27
4. Awards and Honours 28-35
5. Sports and Games 36-45
6. Science and Technology 46-52
7. Miscellaneous 53-60
Section A : History
1 Indus Valley Civilization
1. Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in: 11. Which of the following animals was unknown in
(a) 1911 (b) 1921 Indus Valley Civilization?
(c) 1931 (d) 1941 (a) Lion (b) Bull
2. The people of Indus Valley Civilization were (c) Elephant (d) Horse
almost : 12. Which one of the following Indus Valley
(a) Nigroid (b) Proto-Austroloid Civilization sites gives evidence of a dockyard?
(c) Mediterranean (d) Nordic (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro
3. Which metal was unknown to Indus Valley (c) Lothal (d) Dholavira
Civilization? 13. Which one of the following Indus Valley
(a) Gold (b) Silver Civilization sites gives evidence of a stadium?
(c) Copper (d) Iron (a) Harappa (b) Kalibangan
4. The nature of Indus Valley Civilization was: (c) Mohenjodaro (d) Dholavira
(a) Urban (b) Rural 14. The people of Indus Valley Civilization usually
(c) Agricultural (d) None of these built their houses of:
5. Indus Valley Civilization belongs to: (a) Pucca bricks (b) Wood
(a) Pre-historical (b) Historical period (c) Stone (d) None of these
(c) Proto-historical (d) Post-historical 15. A seal depicting Mother Goddess with plant
6. A statue of bearded man was found at growing from the womb, has been found from:
(a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro
(c) Chanhudaro (d) Dholavira (c) Kalibangan (d) Dholavira
7. In Indus Valley Civilization, the script was: 16. Indus Valley Civilization was discovered by:
(a) Dayaram Sahni (b) R.D. Banerji
(a) Kharosthi (b) Brahmi
(c) Cunningham (d) Wheeler
(c) Boustrophedus (d) None of these
17. A lot of beads were discovered from:
8. Which of the following is the latest site found?
(a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro
(a) Dholavira (b) Amri
(c) Lothal (d) Dholavira
(c) Lothal (d) Kalibangan
18. Mostly, beads were made of:
9. Harappa is located on the bank of river:
(a) Terracotta (b) Jasper
(a) Indus (b) Ravi
(c) Lapis (d) Steatite
(c) Beas (d) Sutlej
19. Which of the following cannot be considered
10. The local name of Mohenjodaro is:
Proto-Harappan culture?
(a) Mound of Living (b) Mound of Survivor
(a) Sothi culture (b) Jornie culture
(c) Mound of Dead (d) Mound of Great (c) Kot-Diji culture (d) Amri culture
A-2 || Indus Valley Civilization
20. Which of the following showed the greatest 30. Which of the following is the most common motif
uniformity in Indus Civilization settlement? of the Indus seals?
(a) Town planning (a) Elephant (b) Bull
(b) Bricks (c) Rhinoceros (d) Unicorn
31. The dockyard at Lothal was well connected with
(c) Religious practices
the river:
(d) Building (a) Ghaggar (b) Bhogavo
21. The site of Mohenjodaro is located on the bank of (c) Narmada (d) Tapti
river: 32. The Indus Valley Civilization people traded with
(a) Ravi (b) Beas the:
(c) Indus (d) Sutlej (a) Romans (b) Parthians
22. The site of Mohenjodaro was discovered by: (c) Mesopotamians (d) Chinese
33. Which of the following was unknown in Indus
(a) Dayaram Sahni (b) R.D. Banerji
Valley Civilization?
(c) N.G. Majumdar (d) S.R. Rao (a) Wheat (b) Pulses
23. The largest of sites found in post-independence (c) Barley (d) Cotton
India in: 34. Which type of seals was the most popular in
(a) Rajasthan (b) Gujarat Harappan culture?
(c) Punjab (d) Haryana (a) Oval (b) Cylindrical
24. The best drainage system (water management) in (c) Rounded (d) Quadrate
Indus Valley Civilization was: 35. Remains of horse bares have been found from:
(a) Mohenjodaro (b) Lothal
(a) Harappa (b) Lothal
(c) Surkotada (d) Sutkagendor
(c) Mohenjodaro (d) Kalibangan 36. In which of the following Indus Valley Civilization
25. The famous dancing girl found in the Mohenjodaro sites, the cotton piece was found ?
was made up of: (a) Mohenjodaro (b) Lothal
(a) Bronze (b) Red limestone (c) Harappa (d) Chanhudaro
(c) Steatite (d) Terracotta 37. Which of the following was unknown in Indus
26. The unique structure in Mohenjodaro was: Valley Civilization?
(a) Construction of wells
(a) Bathing pool (b) Assembly hall
(b) Construction of arches
(c) Granary (d) Dockyard
(c) Construction of pillars
27. In which of the following Indus Valley sites the (d) Construction of drains
famous Bull-seal was found? 38. Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization
(a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro sites provides the evidence of fire-altars?
(c) Lothal (d) Chanhudaro (a) Alamgirpur (b) Kalibangan
28. Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization (c) Banavali (d) Kunal
site was located on the Iranian border? 39. The earliest evidence of agriculture in Indian
subcontinent has been obtained from:
(a) Surkotada (b) Sutkagen Dor
(a) Brahmagiri (b) Chirand
(c) Kot Diji (d) Balakot (c) Mehargarh (d) Burzahom
29. In which of the following Indus Valley sites, the 40. Which of the following was not worshipped by
cemetry R-37 was found? Indus Valley people?
(a) Lothal (b) Mohenjodaro (a) Shiva (b) Peepal
(c) Harappa (d) Dholavira (c) Mother Goddess (d) Vishnu
History || A-3
41. The excavation at Chanhudaro was directed by 51. A glaring evidence of the art of dance in Harappan
(a) John Marshall (b) J.H. Mackay culture comes from:
(c) M. Wheeler (d) Aurel Stein (a) Lothal (b) Harappa
42. A granary outside to citadel was found at: (c) Mohenjodaro (d) Kalibangan
(a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro 52. Which among the following was the most extensive
(c) Lothal (d) Dholavira Harappan city?
43. Which of the following sites of Harappan culture (a) Banavali (b) Ropar
gives evidence of ‘Sindoor’? (c) Lothal (d) Rakhigarhi
(a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro 53. From which of the Harappan sites has the evidence
(c) Naushero (d) Balakote of bead making been found?
44. Indus Valley Civilization site Manda is situated (a) Dholavira (b) Ropar
near the bank of: (c) Chanhudaro (d) Kalibangan
(a) Sutlej (b) Jhelum 54. Name the site which has revealed the earliest
(c) Chinab (d) Indus evidence of settled life?
45. The archaeological findings from Alamgirpur in (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro
Meerut district reflect the: (c) Kalibangan (d) Mehargarh
55. The most common form of Harappan seal is:
(a) Harappa period (b) Vedic period
(a) Cylindrical (b) Rectangular
(c) Budha period (d) Mauryan period
(c) Square (d) Rounded
46. In which of the following sites has a pre-Harappan
56. Which of the following ethnic races was not found
settlement not been found?
from skeleton of Harappan sites?
(a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro
(a) Alpine (b) Mediteranean
(c) Kalibangan (d) Dholavira
(c) Mongoloid (d) Negrito
47. The Director General of Archaeological Survey
57. Bronze statue of dancing girl has been excavated
of India at the time of the excavation of Harappan
at:
site was:
(a) Mohenjodaro (b) Harappa
(a) Dayaram Sahni
(c) Chanhudaro (d) Kalibangan
(b) R.D. Banerji
58. Which one among the following sites is located in
(c) John Marshall the valley of Ghaggar and its associated rivers?
(d) Mortimer Wheeler (a) Alamgirpur (b) Lothal
48. The most suitable name of Indus Valley Civilization (c) Kalibangan (d) Banavali
is: 59. Which of the Harappan sites has yielded evidence
(a) Harappan Civilization of two cemeteries?
(b) Indus Civilization (a) Mohenjodaro (b) Harappa
(c) Saraswati Civilization (c) Kalibangan (d) Ropar
(d) Bronze Time Civilization 60. In which of the following sites was found the
49. A clay model of plough has been found from: evidence of ‘Swastik’?
(a) Banawali (b) Kalibangan (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro
(c) Rakhigarhi (d) Mitathal (c) Chanhudaro (d) Kalibangan
50. In the excavations of Harappan sites, bones of 61. Which of the following Harappan sites was found
camels have been found at: the earliest evidence of surgery?
(a) Kalibangan (b) Lothal (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro
(c) Harappa (d) Mohenjodaro (c) Kalibangan (d) Dholavira
62. Which of the following Harappan sites shows the 70. Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization
earliest evidence of Earthquake sites gives evidence of a Lipstick?
(a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (a) Chanhudaro (b) Banawali
(c) Kalibangan (d) Dholavira (c) Mohenjodaro (d) Kalibangan
63. Three-paired cemetry was found in: 71. The site of Alamgirpur is located on the bank of
(a) Kalibangan (b) Lothal river:
(c) Chanhudaro (d) Mohenjodaro (a) Maskra (b) Hindon
64. Which amongst the following is not a site of Indus (c) Chinab (d) Bhader
Valley Civilization? 72. Which one of the following sites has yielded
(a) Banawali (b) Rakhigarhi the cultural remains from Neolithic to Harappan
(c) Hastinapur (d) Ropar period?
65. On which object, do we mainly find the inscriptions (a) Amri (b) Mehargarh
of Harappan civilization? (c) Kotdiji (d) Kalibangan
(a) On pillars (b) On rocks 73. In the Indus Valley Civilization period, Lapis-
(c) On caves (d) On seals Lazuli was imported from:
66. Which site of Harappan civilization has yielded a (a) Badakhshah (b) Iran
beautiful bronze image of a chariot? (c) Mesopotamia (d) Gujrat
(a) Daimabad (b) Mohenjodaro 74. The Indus Valley Civilization was:
(c) Kalibangan (d) Rakhigarhi (a) Father base
67. Which amongst the following civilizations was not (b) Mother base
contemporary with the Harappan civilization? (c) Same rights of mother and father
(a) Greek civilization (d) None of these
(b) Egyptian civilization 75. Which of the following was one of the causes of
(c) Mesopotamian civilization Harappan decline?
(d) Chinese civilization (a) Ecological change
68. In which Indus Valley Civilization sites, was (b) Earthquakes
drainage system absent? (c) Aryan attack
(a) Banawali (b) Dholavira (d) All of these
(c) Lothal (d) Rakhigarhi 76. A ploughed field was discovered at:
69. In which Indus Valley Civilization sites, the people (a) Harappa
were known to water reservoir technique? (b) Mohenjodaro
(a) Banawali (b) Kalibangan
(c) Kalibangan
(c) Dholavira (d) Chanhudaro
(d) Lothal
History || A-5
ANSWER KEY
1. (b) 11. (d) 21. (c) 31. (b) 41. (b) 51. (c) 61. (c) 71. (b)
2. (c) 12. (c) 22. (b) 32. (c) 42. (b) 52. (d) 62. (c) 72. (b)
3. (d) 13. (d) 23. (b) 33. (b) 43. (c) 53. (c) 63. (b) 73. (a)
4. (a) 14. (a) 24. (b) 34. (d) 44. (c) 54. (d) 64. (c) 74. (b)
5. (c) 15. (a) 25. (a) 35. (c) 45. (a) 55. (c) 65. (d) 75. (d)
6. (b) 16. (a) 26. (a) 36. (a) 46. (a) 56. (d) 66. (a) 76. (c)
7. (c) 17. (b) 27. (a) 37. (c) 47. (c) 57. (a) 67. (d)
8. (a) 18. (d) 28. (b) 38. (b) 48. (a) 58. (b) 68. (a)
9. (b) 19. (b) 29. (c) 39. (c) 49. (a) 59. (b) 69. (c)
10. (c) 20. (a) 30. (d) 40. (d) 50. (a) 60. (b) 70. (a)
Hints & Solutions

1. (b) The Indus Valley was discovered by Dayaram discovered at Mohenjodaro. His eyes are half closed
Sahni in 1921. It is one of the world’s earliest indicating a posture of meditation. Across the left
urban civilizations alongside its contemporaries, shoulder is an embroidered cloak. In the opinion of
Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. The Indus Valley some scholars, it could be a bust of a priest.
covers modern day Pakistan and the northwest of 7. (c) Indus Scripts are popularly known as
India. Boustrophedon scripts which are still not deciphered
2. (c) Indus Valley Civilization had been a combination by the historians, researchers and scholars.
of diverse racial elements. Certain anthropological 8. (a) Dholavira is the latest Indus Valley Civilization
investigations and examinations of the human site. This site was discovered by J.P. Joshi in 1967-68.
remains show that four racial types existed in this Dholavira is located at Kutch district in Gujarat.
civilization namely Proto-Australiod, Mediterranean, 9. (b) Harappa was situated on the banks of river
Alpinoid and the Mongoloid. Most of the people Ravi in Montgomery district of western Punjab (in
belonged to Mediterranean race. Pakistan).
3. (d) Iron was not known to Indus Valley Civilization 10. (c) Mohenjodaro is not the original name, of
people. The first evidence of Iron is found about l000 course, but one given by local villagers referring
B.C. from Ataranjikhera in Etah district. to the ‘mound of the dead’: the tower and hillocks
4. (a) Indus Valley Civilization was urbanized, highly of abandoned debris of bricks that they had their
developed and sophisticated. The ruins exhibit high forefathers had noticed in the surroundings.
level of planning in the cities. Excavations have 11. (d) Animals like buffaloes, sheeps and pigs and
indicated that the buildings were built with baked the humped bull were bred. Animals like elephant,
bricks. The streets were well constructed at right camels and dogs were also domesticated. There is
angles with an elaborate and covered drainage no evidence found about horses in the excavation of
system. The civilization also had public buildings Indus Valley Civilization.
including the vast granaries and the Great Bath at 12. (c) The Indus Valley Civilization site Lothal gives
Mohenjodaro. evidence of a dockyard. Lothal was discovered by
6. (b) A well-known piece of art of the Harappan S.R. Rao in 1954 A.D. The dockyard is located in
period is a stone sculpture of a bearded man eastern side of Lothal.
13. (d) Recent excavations at the small township of 21. (c) Mohenjodaro is situated along the west bank
Dholavira, in Kutch, Gujarat (India) have presented of the Indus River while Harappa is located 640 km
to the world some of the oldest stadiums and sign northeast of Mohenjodaro.
board, built by the Harappan civilization. One of 22. (b) The site of Mohenjodaro was discovered in 1922
the stadiums, with terraced seats for spectators, by R. D. Banerji, an officer of the Archaeological
Survey of India, two years after major excavations
around 800 feet in length (around 283 metres) can
had begun at Harappa, some 590 km to the north.
accommodate as many as 10,000 persons. The other Large-scale excavations were carried out at the site
stadium is much smaller in size. under the direction of John Marshall, K. N. Dikshit,
14. (a) Houses of Indus Valley Civilization were one Ernest Mackay, and other directors through the
or two stories high, made of baked (Pucca) bricks, 1930s.
with flat roofs. Each was built around a courtyard, 23. (b) The state which has accounted for highest number
with windows overlooking the courtyard. The outside of Harappan sites after independence is Gujarat.
walls had no windows. Each home had its own private Gujarat has been one of the main centre of the
drinking well and its own private bathroom. Clay Indus Valley Civilization. It contains major ancient
pipes led from the bathrooms to sewers located under metropolitan cities from the Indus Valley such as
Lothal, Dholavira, and Gola Dhoro.
the streets.
25. (a) The famous ‘Dancing girl’ found in Mohenjodaro
15. (a) Plant growing from the womb of women has is an artifact that is some 4,500 years old. The 10.8
been found from Harappa on a seal. That represents cm long statue of the dancing girl was found in 1926
Earth Goddess. from a house in Mohenjodaro is made of bronze.
16. (a) Harappan civilization was discovered in 26. (a) The bathing pool was the unique structure of
1921–22 when two of its most important sites were Mohenjodaro. It measures 11.88 × 1.01 × 2.43 mt.
excavated. The first was excavated by Dayaram Sahni The floor of the bath pool was made of burnt
and the second by R.D. Banerji. bricks.
17. (b) Many beautiful beads of blue Lapis Lazuli, Red 27. (a) On the site of Indus Valley Civilization, the
Carnelian, and Agate stones of all colours have been famous Bull-seal was found in Harappa. The Bull-
seal shows a humped bull displaying a strong and
found throughout Mohenjodaro and were probably
energetic bull. The figure has been made well, a proof
worn by the women. Archaeologists have found of the fine artistic skills acquired by the people of that
beads in such locations as the Great Bath, where time. Seals are mainly in square or rectangular shape.
bathers probably lost them, and in the lower city, This Bull-seal dates to around 2450-2200 BC.
where bead makers may have dropped them in and 28. (b) Sutkagen Dor is the westernmost known
around the kilns they used to make the beads. archaeological site of Indus Valley Civilization. It
18. (d) The vast majority of the beads are made of is located about 480 km west of Makran coast near
fired steatite, which was a widely used raw material, the Iran border in Balochistan province of Pakistan.
beginning with the Ravi period and continuing Sutkagen Dor would have been on the trade route
through the Late Harappan period. Beads that are from Lothal in Gujarat to Mesopotamia and was
probably heavily involved in the fishing trade
made of hard stone, such as Agate, Carnelian, are
similar to that which exists today in the coast along
relatively less common, with a significant drop in Balochistan.
numbers for stones, such as Lapis Lazuli, Grossular 29. (c) There are over fifty-five burial sites in the Indus
Garnet, Serpentine and Amazonite. Valley which were found in Harappa. The burials
20. (a) The greatest uniformity is noticed in the layouts are interpreted primarily as reflections of social
of the towns, streets, structures, brick size, drains, etc. structure and hierarchy. The strongest evidence for
Almost all the major sites (Harappa, Mohenjodaro, this interpretation would be burial sites in Harappa,
Kalibangan and others) are divided into two parts–a cemetery R-37 and Cemetery H. R-37 is the smaller
citadel on higher mound on the western side and a site compared to Cemetery H, and has about 200
lower town on the eastern side of the Indus Valley burials. Archeologists believe it was a restricted
cemetery that was used by a particular group or family
Civilization settlement.
that lived in Harappa.
History || A-7
30. (d) The unicorn is the most common motif on Indus 40. (d) The numerous seals and figurines discovered in
seals and appears to represent a mythical animal that the excavations carried out at various sites connected
Greek and Roman sources trace back to the Indian with the Harappan culture point out to the religious
subcontinent. beliefs of the Indus Valley people.
Worship of Mother Goddess: A large number of
32. (c) The people of Indus Valley Civilization mainly
excavated terracotta figurines are those of a semi-
traded with the Mesopotamians. Dilmun and Makan
nude figure which is identified with some female
were intermediate trading stations between Meluha energy or Shakti or Mother Goddess, who is the
and Mesopotamia. Meluha is the earliest name of source of all creation.
Indus area. Worship of Pashupati or Lord Shiva: The Pashupati
33. (b) In Indus Valley Civilization, pulses were seal in which the three-faced male god is shown
unknown. The chief food crops included wheat, seated in a yogic posture, surrounded by a rhino and
barley, sesasum, mustard, peas, etc. The evidence a buffalo on the right, and an elephant and a tiger on
for rice has come from Lothal and Rangpur in the the left, make the historians conclude that the people
of those days worshipped Lord Shiva. Discovery of a
form of husks embedded in pottery. Cotton was
large number of conical or cylindrical stones shows
another important crop. A piece of woven cloth has that the people worshipped lingam, the symbol of
been found at Mohenjodaro. Apart from cereals, fish Lord Shiva.
and animal meat also formed a part of the Harappan Worship of Trees: The worship of trees was
diet. widespread. The Pipal tree was considered most
34. (d) Quadrate type of seals was the most popular in sacred.
Harappan culture. Other Objects of Worship: People also worshipped
35. (c) Surkotada site contains horse remains dated animals, such as the bull, buffalo and tiger. Besides
to 2000 BC, which is considered a significant animals, these people also worshipped the Sun, the
Fire and the Water.
observation with respect to Indus Valley Civilisation.
There was no evidence of the God Vishnu worshipped
During 1974, Archaeological Survey of India by the people of Indus Valley Civilization.
undertook excavation in this site and J.P. Joshi and 41. (b) Chanhudaro was investigated in 1931 by the
A.K. Sharma reported findings of horse bones at all Indian archaeologist N. G. Majumdar and was
levels. excavated in 1935-36 by the British archaeologist
36. (a) The cotton piece was found in Mohenjodaro. Ernest John Henry Mackay.
Traces of cotton fibres and textile fragments provide 42. (b) In Indus Valley Civilization, a granary outside to
evidences of production of cotton textiles from early citadel was found at Mohenjodaro. Because farmers
outside the walls of Mohenjodaro usually had their
Harappan period. Cotton was a commodity the
own granaries, some archaeologists think that grain
people of Mohenjodaro probably exported, perhaps
stored within the citadel granary may have been
in exchange for minerals, tools or other goods. collected as taxes.
38. (b) Kalibangan – is an archaeological site where 43. (c) Naushero gives the evidence of Sindoor in
ploughed field, bones of camel, circular and Harappan culture. The site of Naushero, located
rectangular graves, distinctive fire (Vedic ) altars with 6 km away from Mehargarh had developed Kotdijian
provision of ritual bathing have been found. settlement. It was a smaller settlement but sharing
39. (c) The site of Mehrgarh provides evidence for fully the developmental process towards maturity
the earliest agricultural and pastoral communities in of urbanization.
44. (c) Indus Valley Civilization site Manda is situated
South Asia. The first inhabitants of Mehrgarh, dating
on the right bank of Chenab river in the foothills of Pir
to around 6500 BC, were farmers who cultivated
Panjal range, 28 km northwest of Jammu. Manda is
wheat and barley as their main grain crops and had the north site of Indus civilization. It was discovered
herds of cattle, sheep and goats. by J.P. Joshi in 1982.
45. (a) The archaeological evidences found from 59. (b) The evidence of two cemeteries has been found
Alamgirpur in Meerut district reflect the Harappan from Harappa. The strongest evidence for the burial
period. sites in Harappa are Cemetery R-37 and Cemetery
47. (c) At the time of excavation of Harappan site, H.
the Director General of Archaeological Survey of 60. (b) The Swastika is said to have originated in both
India was John Marshall from 1902-28. In 1921, the Indus River Valley Civilization and in some
he focused on the Indus Valley, which led to the ancient Mediterranean Civilizations. A tablet with
discovery of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, Swastika has been excavated at Mohenjodaro.
the ancient cities Harappa and Mohenjodaro. 61. (c) The earliest evidence of surgery was found from
48. (a) Harappan Civilization is the most suitable name Kalibangan. Archaeologists made the discovery that
for Indus Valley Civilization because Harappa lies in the people of Indus Valley Civilization, even from the
the centre of Indus Civilization. It was also an urban early Harappan periods, had knowledge of medicine
trade centre. and surgery.
49. (a) A clay model of plough has been found from 62. (c) The earliest evidence of earthquake was found
Banawali. It is an archaeological site belonging to from Kalibangan. B. B. Lal, former DG of ASI, said:
Indus Valley Civilization period in Fatehabad district “Kalibangan in Rajasthan has shown that there
of Haryana. Banawali is earlier called Vanavali, occurred an earthquake around 2600 BC, which
is situated on the left banks of dried up Saraswati brought to an end the Early Indus settlement at the
river. site.
50. (a) In the excavation of Indus Valley Civilization 63. (b) In Indus Valley Civilization, the three paired-
sites, the camel bones have been found at cemetery was found from excavation of Lothal.
Kalibangan. 64. (c) Hastinapur is not a site of Indus Valley
52. (d) Rakhigarhi was a large Harappan town Civilization. Hastinapur was the capital of the Kuru
known in 1963, when the area was first surveyed. dynasty of kings. All incidents in the epic Mahabharata
Archaeologists found it the biggest Harappan city, have taken place in the city of Hastinapur.
larger and more extensive. 65. (d) Most of the inscriptions are found on seals
53. (c) The evidence of beadmakers’ shops has mostly made out of stone. Some inscriptions are also
been found at Chanhudaro and Lothal. Gold and found on copper tablets, bronze implements and small
silver beads have also been found. Ivory carving objects made of terracotta, stone and faience.
and inlaying used in beads, bracelets and other 66. (a) A sculpture of a bronze chariot, 45 cm long,
decorations were also in practice. 16 cm wide, yoked to two oxen, driven by a man
55. (c) The square shape of the seal is the most common 16 cm high standing in it and three other bronze
form of Harappan seals, although there is great sculptures a rhinoceros, an elephant and a buffalo
variety in their size and shapes. were found at Daimabad in the Ahmednagar district
56. (d) The skeleton of Negrito was not found in any of Maharashtra.
Harappan site. Negrito refers to several ethnic groups 67. (d) Archaeologist Sir John Marshall thought that
who inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia. the Indus Valley Civilization belonged to the period
57. (a) The most famous bronze ‘dancing girl’ figurine between 3250 BC and 2750 BC. It is the period
discovered at Mohenjodaro. It is a female figure, with when the Egyptians, Babylonian and Mesopotamian
right arm on the hip and left arm hanging in a dancing Civilizations flourished. From the objects discovered
pose. She is wearing a large number of bangles. It is at the cities of the Indus Valley Civilizations,
the first sculpture in dancing gesture discovered in historians have made a comparative study of the
the Indian subcontinent. contemporary civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt
58. (b) Lothal is one of the most prominent cities of and Babylonia. They came to the conclusion that the
the ancient Indus Valley Civilization located in the Indus Valley Civilization was at its height of glory
valley of Ghaggar-Harka river. Many Indus Valley during the period of the contemporary civilizations
(or Harappan) sites have been discovered along the of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Babylonia.
Ghaggar-Hakra beds.
History || A-9
69. (c) Dholavira had a series of water storing tanks people. So the people of Indus Valley Civilization
and step wells, and its water management system period imported Lapis-Lazuli from Badakhshah
has been called ‘unique’. The unique feature is the (Afghanistan).
sophisticated water conservation system of channels 74. (b) The nature of Indus Valley Civilization was
and reservoirs, the earliest found anywhere in the mother base because condition of women was pretty
world and completely built of stone. good at that time. They were entitled equal honour
70. (a) The Indus Valley Civilization site Chanhudaro along with men in the society. The worship of mother
finds indicate the use of lipstick. goddess demonstrates that they were respected in the
71. (b) An Indus site has been discovered at Alamgirpur, form of mother.
27 km west of Meerut. Alamgirpur is located on 75. (d) Definite reason to the decline of the Indus Valley
the left bank of the Hindon river, a tributary of the Civilization is not known, as no reliable resource of
Yamuna. that period is available at present. Every conclusion
72. (b) The best-known site of the cultural remains regarding the decline is based upon speculations of
is Mehrgarh. Mehrgarh is a neolithic site seen as a historians. It is commonly believed that ecological
precursor to the Indus Valley Civilization. change, earthquake, Aryan attack, etc. were the
73. (a) The Sar-i Sang mines in the region of causes of Harappan decline.
Badakhshah in north east Afghanistan were probably 76. (c) Kalibangan is distinguished by the world’s
the source for all Lapis-Lazuli used by the ancient earliest attested ploughed field.
2 Vedic Period and
Religious Movements
Vedic Period (a) Indra (b) Agni

1. Vedic literature is also known as : (c) Mitra (d) Varun
(a) Shruti (b) Smriti 10. Who of the following was the God of morality
(c) Sanhita (d) Vedanga during the Rigvedic times?
2. Who was the founder of Vedic culture? (a) Indra (b) Rudra
(a) Dravid (b) Arya (c) Agni (d) Varuna
(c) Harappan (d) None of these 11. The river Chenab was known during the Vedic
3. The word ‘Aryan’ denotes : period by the name :
(a) Ethnic group (b) Nomadic people (a) Askini (b) Parushni
(c) Speech group (d) Superior race (c) Shutudri (d) Vitasta
4. The staple food of the Vedic Aryan was : 12. Which one of the following assemblies was also
called Narishta meaning a resolution that cannot
(a) Barley and rice
be broken?
(b) Rice and pulse
(a) Gana (b) Vidhata
(c) Vegetables and fruits
(c) Sabha (d) Samiti
(d) Milk and its products
13. Which of the following does not come under
5. Who is the most important God in Rigaveda? Shruti literature?
(a) Agni (b) Indra (a) Brahmana (b) Vedanga
(c) Varun (d) Vishnu (c) Aranyaka (d) Upanishad
6. Who wrote a book ‘Return of the Aryans’ ? 14. The Vedic river Vitasta has been identified with :
(a) Bhagvan Das Gidvani (a) Ravi (b) Jhelum
(b) L.D. Kalla (c) Chenab (d) Beas
(c) Avinash Chandra Das 15. Which of the following Brahmana texts belongs
(d) D.S. Trivedi to Atharvaveda?
7. Which river has not been mentioned in Rigveda? (a) Shatpatha (b) Aitareya
(a) Sindhu (b) Saraswati (c) Gopatha (d) Panchavinsh
(c) Narmada (d) Tapti 16. Who of the following led the confederacy of ten
8. Which of the following is the major impact of kings against Sudasa?
Vedic culture on Indian history? (a) Vishwamitra (b) Bharadwaja
(a) Progress of philosophy (c) Vashistha (d) Atri
(b) Development of culture 17. Dasarajana was :
(c) Rigidification of caste system (a) Ten incarnations of Vishnu
(d) Perception of a new world (b) A sacrifice to be performed by the king
9. Which of the following Vedic deities is not (c) Battle of ten kings
mentioned in the Boghazkoi inscription ? (d) None of these
History || A-11
18. Which part of Rigveda gives an account of the 29. The word Gotra occurs for the first time in :
origin of the Universe? (a) Rigveda (b) Samveda
(a) Second Mandala (b) Fourth Mandala (c) Yajurveda (d) Atharveda
(c) Ninth Mandala (d) Tenth Mandala 30. The word Visamatta was used in the latter Vedic
19. The famous ‘Battle of Kings’ between Bharat and
Age for :
the host of ten kings was fought near the river :
(a) The king (b) The priest
(a) Sindhu (b) Saraswati
(c) Parushni (d) Vitasta (c) The trader (d) The tax collector
20. Which one of the following Vedic Gods depicts 31. In the Vedic Period, which animal was known as
an association with the Sun? ‘Aghanya’?
(a) Ashvin (b) Pushan (a) Bull (b) Sheep
(c) Indra (d) Brihaspati
(c) Cow (d) Elephant
21. Which of the following is concerned with origin
of Indian medicine? 32. Which of the following Samhitas of Yajurveda
(a) Rigveda (b) Samveda contains only hymns and no prose?
(c) Yajurveda (d) Atharveda (a) Katha (b) Maitrayaviya
22. Which one of the following is described in (c) Taittriya (d) Vajasaneyi
Upanishad? 33. The game of ‘dice’ was part of the ritual of :
(a) Dharma (b) Yoga (a) Agnistoma (b) Aswamegha
(c) Philosophy (d) Law (c) Rajasuya (d) Vajapeya
23. Which of the following Purusarthas is not a part 34. The rivers Ganga and Yamuna are mentioned for
of Trivarga?
the first time in :
(a) Artha (b) Dharma
(a) Rigveda
(c) Moksha (d) Kama
24. Who of the following has opened that the original (b) Atharvaveda
homeland of the Aryan was Arctic region? (c) Satapath Brahmana
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (d) Chhandogya Upanishad
(b) Max Muller 35. The Gayatri Mantra is dedicated to :
(c) Dayanand Saraswati (a) Indra (b) Aditi
(d) A.C. Das (c) Gayatri (d) Savitri
25. In Rigveda, maximum number of shlokas are 36. Who among the following was a Brahmavadini
written in the memory of :
that composed some hymns of the Vedas?
(a) Indra (b) Brahma
(a) Lopamudra (b) Gargi
(c) Vishnu (d) Shiva
26. How many times does the word ‘Jana’ occur in (c) Leelavati (d) Savitri
the Rigveda? 37. The river most mentioned in Rigveda is :
(a) 75 times (b) 175 times (a) Sindhu (b) Sutudri
(c) 275 times (d) 375 times (c) Saraswati (d) Gandaki
27. Which of the following assemblies was normally 38. The famous dialogue between Nachiketa and
involved in the election of king? Yama is mentioned in the :
(a) Sabha (b) Samiti (a) Chhandogyopanishad
(c) Gana (d) Vidatha
(b) Mundakopnishad
28. The expounder of Yoga philosophy was :
(c) Kathopanishad
(a) Patanjali (b) Shankaracharya
(c) Jaimini (d) Gautam (d) Kenopanishad
A-12 || Vedic Period and Religious Movements
39. The flood Legend in which a divine fish has been 49. Which of the following Mandalas is completely
described as rescuing Manu occurs in detail in : devoted to the Vedic God Soma ?
(a) Rigveda samhita (a) 1 (b) 5
(b) Vajasaneyi samhita (c) 9 (d) 10
(c) Satapatha Brahmana 50. With whom is the Yadu tribe mostly paired in the
(d) Aitareya Brahmana Rigveda?
(a) Anu (b) Druhyu
40. Which of the following is the Samhita of the
(c) Turvasu (d) Puru
Shukla Yajurveda?
51. The earliest reference to Devakiputra Krishna
(a) Kathaka Samhita
occurs in :
(b) Maitrayaniya Samhita
(a) Rigveda
(c) Taittiriya Samhita (b) Atharvaveda
(d) Vajasaneyi Samhita (c) Satapatha Brahmana
41. Who was the priest of the Bharatas in the battle of (d) Chhandogya Upnishad
ten kings? 52. Which one of the following primarily deals with
(a) Visvamitra (b) Vasishtha the construction of sacrificial altars?
(c) Atri (d) Bhrigu (a) Brahmasutra (b) Dharmasutra
42. To which Sakha does the published Rigveda (c) Grihyasutra (d) Sulvasutra
Samhita belong? 53. In the Rigveda, the first hymn of a Mandala is
(a) Sawnaka (b) Asvalayan often addressed to :
(c) Sakala (d) Sankhayana (a) Agni (b) Indra
43. Satpatha Brahmana is related to : (c) Mitra (d) None of these
(a) Rigveda (b) Yajurveda 54. Who is the propounder of the theory that the
(c) Samaveda (d) Atharvaveda Rigvedic Aryans and the Harappans might have
44. King Asvapati of the Upanishadic Age was the been the same people?
ruler of : (a) R.S. Sharma (b) Romila Thapar
(a) Kekaya (b) Matsya (c) B.B. Lal (d) H.D. Sankalia
55. Who was the most celebrated craftsman in the
(c) Panchala (d) Sursena
Vedic Age?
45. Which of the following Upnishads is written in
(a) Carpenter (b) Coppersmith
prose?
(c) Goldsmith (d) Weaver
(a) Isa (b) Katha 56. A story of Sunahsesha, in which his father Ajigarta
(c) Brihadaranyaka (d) Svetasvatara is stated to have sold him to Harishchandra,
46. Who among the following Vedic deities bears occurs in :
resemblance with Avestan God ‘Ahurmazda’ ? (a) Aitareya Brahmana
(a) Indra (b) Varuna (b) Gopatha Brahmana
(c) Rudra (d) Vishnu (c) Svetasvatara Upnishad
47. Who among the following was a commentator of (d) Brihadaranyaka Upnishad
the Manusmriti ? 57. Which of the following Upnisads includes
(a) Asahaya (b) Visvarupa Itihasa-Purana in the list of subjects to be taught
(c) Bhattasvami (d) Medhatithi to disciples?
48. Which of the following is also called (a) Mundaka Upnishad
Adharvayuveda ? (b) Chhandogya Upnishad
(a) Rigveda (b) Yajurveda (c) Prasna Upnishad
(c) Samveda (d) Atharveda (d) Katha Upnishad
History || A-13
58. Which of the following Mandalas of Rigveda is 68. Which of the following inscriptions tells about
described the battle of ten kings? the Aryan’s movement from Iran to India?
(a) Second Mandala (b) Fifth Mandala (a) Mansehra (b) Shahbajgarhi
(c) Seventh Mandala (d) Ninth Mandala (c) Boghazkoi (d) Junagarh
59. Who among the following wrote Sanskrit 69. Name the tribe which does not belong to the
grammar? Panchajana of Rigvedic Aryans?
(a) Panini (b) Manu (a) Yadu (b) Puru
(c) Kalidasa (d) Charak (c) Turvasa (d) Kikat
60. Who wrote the first textbook on Jyotis? 70. In which of the Vedas, Sabha and Samiti are
(a) Panini (b) Patanjali called as two daughters of Prajapati?
(c) Katyayan (d) Bhrigu (a) Rigveda (b) Samveda
61. Ashtadhyayi was written by : (c) Yajurveda (d) Atharvaveda
(a) Panini (b) Katyayan 71. The largest number of the Mantras in Rigveda
(c) Vedvyas (d) Shukadeva belong to :
62. The words “Satyameva Jayate” in the state (a) Agni (b) Varuna
emblem of India have been adopted from which (c) Vishnu (d) Rudra
one of the following? 72. Which of the following Upanishad is the smallest?
(a) Mundaka Upnishad
(a) Mundaka (b) Mandukya
(b) Katha Upnishad
(c) Katha (d) Taitariya
(c) Mandukya Upnishad
73. Which of the following Puranaa is the earliest?
(d) Chhandogya Upnishad
(a) Matsya (b) Vishnu
63. The great law given of ancient time was :
(c) Bhagvat (d) Markandey
(a) Vatsyayana (b) Ashoka
74. The economy of Rigvedic time was :
(c) Manu (d) Panini
(a) Urban (b) Rural
64. Which of the following Upnishad is the earliest?
(c) Mixed (d) None of these
(a) Chhandogya Upanishad
75. Who among the following is regarded as War
(b) Mundakopnishad
God in Rigveda?
(c) Brihdaranyak Upanishad
(d) Taitariya Upanishad (a) Agni (b) Indra
65. The largest number of Rigvedic hymns are (c) Surya (d) Varuna
devoted to : 76. Sayana the famous commentator of the Vedic
(a) Agni (b) Indra texts, was patronised by :
(c) Rudra (d) Vishnu (a) Parmara rulers (b) Satvahana rulers
66. During the Rigvedic period, ‘Niska’ was an (c) Vijaynagar rulers (d) Vakataka rulers
ornament of : 77. Which of the following rivers is referred to
(a) Ear (b) Neck as Matetama, Devitama and Naditama in the
(c) Arm (d) Wrist Rigveda?
67. Which of the following were regarded as the hub (a) Sindhu (b) Saraswati
of Aryan culture during the later Vedic period? (c) Ganga (d) Yamuna
(a) Anga and Magadh 78. The word Yava mentioned in Rigveda is used for
(b) Kosal and Videha which agricultural product?
(c) Kuru and Panchal (a) Barley (b) Gram
(d) Matsya and Surasena (c) Rice (d) Wheat
Religious Movement 90. In which language, did Mahavir Swami deliver
79. Buddha means : his sermons?
(a) The enlightened one (a) Sanskrit (b) Ardha-Magadhi
(b) The religious preacher (c) Vaidarbhi (d) Suraseni
(c) The genius 91. The twenty-third Jain Tirthankara was associated
(d) The powerful with
80. Gautam Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana at (a) Vaishali (b) Kausambi
(c) Varanasi (d) Sravasti
(a) Kapilvastu (b) Kushinagar
92. Which one among the following Tirthankaras
(c) Bodhgaya (d) Rajgriha
was according to the Svetamber tradition, a lady?
81. The second Buddhist council was held during the
(a) Sumatinatha (b) Shantinatha
region of
(c) Mallinatha (d) Arishtanemi
(a) Ajatashatru (b) Kanishka 93. The teaching of Parsvanatha is collectively
(c) Kalashoka (d) Ashoka known as
82. Who is supposed to be the future Buddha in (a) Triratna (b) Pancha Mahavrata
Mahayana Buddhism? (c) Panchsila (d) Chaturyama
(a) Krakuchanda (b) Amitabha 94. The Jain Tirthankara Mahavira has been
(c) Maitreya (d) Kanak Muni mentioned in the early Buddhist literature as
83. Where did the Mahasamghika school arise ? (a) Nigantha Nataputta
(a) Bodhagaya (b) Rajagriha (b) Vardhamana
(c) Sravasti (d) Vaishali (c) Vesaliya
84. Which of the following is not a text of Buddhism? (d) Videhaputta
(a) Jatakas (b) Acharanga Sutra 95. The first meeting of Ghosal with Mahavir Swami
(c) Digh Nikaya (d) Sumangalavilasini was held at
85. Where was the order of nuns established by (a) Champa (b) Vaishali
Gautama Buddha ? (c) Takshshila (d) Nalanda
(a) Kapilvastu (b) Vaishali 96. The Tripitaka was written in
(c) Rajgriha (d) Sravasti (a) Brahmi (b) Kharosthi
86. The earliest epigraphic evidence mentioning the (c) Pali (d) Sanskrit
97. Who amongst the following is known as the Light
birth place of Sakyamuni Buddha is obtained
of Asia?
from
(a) Jesus Christ
(a) Sarnath (b) Sravasti
(b) Lord Buddha
(c) Kausambi (d) Rummindei (c) Prophet Mohammad
87. What is Kalyan Mitra in Buddhist philosophy? (d) Zarathustra
(a) Prabandhan (b) Dharmachakra 98. Who was the author of Buddha Charita?
(c) Astangika Marg (d) Triratna (a) Asvaghosha (b) Nagarjuna
88. To whom of his following disciples did Buddha (c) Nagasen (d) Vasumitra
preach his last sermon? 99. Which one of the following is not included in the
(a) Anand (b) Sariputra eight-fold path of Buddhism?
(c) Subhadra (d) Upali (a) Right speech (b) Right contemplation
89. Main element (features) of Buddhist philosophy (c) Right desire (d) Right conduct
is 100. Yapaniya was a school of
(a) Pratitya Samutpad (b) Jiva and Ajiva (a) Buddhism (b) Janism
(c) Syadvada (d) Triratna (c) Shaivism (d) Vaisnavism
History || A-15
101. Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana in the republic 113. Lumbini was the birth place of Gautam Buddha is
of attested by an inscription of
(a) Mallas (b) Lichhavis (a) Ashoka
(c) Shakyas (d) Palas (b) Pushyamitra Shunga
102. Where was the third Buddhist council held? (c) Kanishka
(a) Vaishali (b) Pataliputra (d) Harsha
(c) Kashmir (d) Rajgriha 114. At which place, did Gautam Buddha give his first
103. Which one of the following is not a part of early
sermon ?
Jains literature?
(a) Vaishali (b) Vallabhi
(a) Therigatha (b) Acarangasutra
(c) Sutrakritanga (d) Brihatkalpasutra (c) Rajgriha (d) Sarnath
104. The concept of Anuvrata was advocated by 115. Sarnath is in the state of
(a) Mahayana Buddhism (a) Kerala (b) Maharashtra
(b) Himayana Buddhism (c) Gujarat (d) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Jainism 116. Svetambara Agama was finally edited at the Jain
(d) The Lokayata School council of
105. In the Mahayana Buddhism, the Bodhisatya (a) Vaishali (b) Vallabhi
Avalokitesvar was also known as (c) Pawa (d) Vidarbha
(a) Vajrapani (b) Manjusri 117. Which one of the following is considered the best
(c) Padmapani (d) Maitreya Stupa?
106. Who among the following was not a contemporary (a) Amravati (b) Bharhut
of the other three? (c) Sanchi (d) Bodhgaya
(a) Bimbsara (b) Gautama Buddha 118. The first Buddhist council was held during the
(c) Milinda (d) Prasenjit
region of
107. The fourth Buddhist council was convened during
(a) Aniruddha (b) Ajatsatru
the region of king
(a) Ashoka (b) Kaniska (c) Bimbisara (d) Udayabhadra
(c) Kalashok (d) Ajatasatru 119. The originator of the Jain religion is
108. Buddha was born at (a) Rishabhdeo (b) Arya Sudharma
(a) Lumbini (b) Kapilvastu (c) Mahavir Swami (d) Parshvanath
(c) Pataliputra (d) Vaishali 120. The Stupa site not connected with any incident of
109. Name the clan Buddha belonged to Buddha’s life is
(a) Gnathrika (b) Maurya (a) Sarnath (b) Sanchi
(c) Shakya (d) Koliya (c) Kushinagar (d) Bodhgaya
110. Who presided over the fourth Buddhist council in 121. Anekantavada is a core theory and philosophy of
Kashmir? which one of the following?
(a) Asvagosha (b) Upagupta (a) Buddhism (b) Jainism
(c) Vasumitra (d) Mahakasyapa (c) Sikhism (d) Vaishnavism
111. Who of the following was a contemporary of 122. Milinda Panho is in the form of a dialogue
Gautama Buddha?
between the king Menander and Buddhist Monk
(a) Bhadrabahu (b) Kalashok
(a) Nagasena (b) Nagarjuna
(c) Parsvanath (d) Vardhaman Mahavir
112. Buddhist, Hindu and Jain Rock-cut caves coexist (c) Nagabhatta (d) Kumarilbhatta
at 123. According to Boddhist, the main aim of life is
(a) Ajanta (b) Elephanta (a) Nirvana (b) Moksha
(c) Ellora (d) Karle (c) Kaivalya (d) Nirjara
124. Which of the following principles was added to 137. Syadvad is a doctrine of
Jainism by Mahavira? (a) Buddhism (b) Jainism
(a) Satya (b) Ahinsa (c) Shaivism (d) Vaishnavism
(c) Brahmacharya (d) Aparigraha 138. Who became the chief of Jain Sangh after the
125. Which of the following places is associated with death of Mahavira?
Jainism? (a) Indrabhuti (b) Jambu
(a) Kapilvastu (b) Pava (c) Sthulbhadra (d) Sudharma
(c) Sarnath (d) Sravasti 139. Who among the following is given the credit of
126. Who is believed by the Jainas to be the first carrying Jainism in South India?
Tirthankar?
(a) Indrabhuti (b) Sthulbhadra
(a) Rishabhadeva (b) Mahavira
(c) Bhadrabahu (d) Sudharma
(c) Neminath (d) Parshvanath
140. Vikramshila Mahavihar was founded by
127. Who was the teacher of Gautam Buddha?
(a) Gautam (b) Alara Kalam (a) Harsha (b) Gopal
(c) Asanga (d) Sudharman (c) Kumarpal (d) Dharmapal
128. Tripitaka texts are related with which religion? 141. Mahavir was born at
(a) Vedic (b) Buddhism (a) Kapilvastu (b) Lumbini
(c) Jainism (d) Shaivism (c) Kundgram (d) Champa
129. Which of the following is not representation of 142. Who was the last Tirthankara ?
Buddhist art? (a) Mahavir Swami (b) Aristnemi
(a) Stupa (b) Vihar (c) Parshvanath (d) None of these
(c) Chaitya (d) Relic tower 143. The first Jain council was convened during the
130. Who was the founder of Mahayan sect of reign of
Buddhism? (a) Bimbisara
(a) Buddhadeva (b) Ghoshak (b) Shisunaga
(c) Dharmtrat (d) Asang (c) Mahapadamnand
131. Who founded the Lingayat Movement? (d) Chandragupta Maurya
(a) Basava (b) Lakulisha 144. In which of the following places, Mahavir Swami
(c) Matsyendranath (d) Kulshekhar gave his first sermon?
132. Who was the founder of Pashupat Sampradaya? (a) Vaishali (b) Rajgriha
(a) Kulshekhar (b) Lakulisha
(c) Nalanda (d) Champa
(c) Bhavbhuti (d) Shambhunath
145. In which Jain council, Jain dharm was divided in
133. Who was the founder of Sunyavada?
Svetamber and Digamber?
(a) Asang (b) Basubandhu
(c) Vasumitra (d) Nagarjuna (a) First council (b) Second council
134. Who was the founder of Vigyanvada or (c) Third council (d) Fourth council
Yogachar? 146. Who was the president of first Jain council?
(a) Ashvaghosh (b) Nagasen (a) Bhadrabahu (b) Sthalabahu
(c) Maitreyanath (d) Aryadeva (c) Devardhigan (d) Nagarjuna Suri
135. Who was the founder of Aajivak Sampradaya? 147. Who was the author of Kalpsutra?
(a) Puran Kasyapa (b) Makkali Gosala (a) Vasumitra (b) Hemchandra
(c) Aryadeva (d) Ajit Keskamblin (c) Bhadrabahu (d) Sthulbhadra
136. Who was the founder of Lokayat sect? 148. Mahavir Swami breathed his last at
(a) Brihaspati (b) Manu (a) Rajgriha (b) Pawapuri
(c) Vigyaneswer (d) Pakudh Kachayan (c) Vaishali (d) Champa
History || A-17
149. The custom Santhara is related to which of the 153. Mother of Gautam Buddha belonged to which
following sects? dynasty?
(a) Jain (b) Buddha (a) Shakya dynasty (b) Maya dynasty
(c) Shaiva (d) Vaishnava
(c) Lichchavi dynasty(d) Koliyan dynasty
150. The first sermon of Buddha made at Saranath is
called 154. Who became the first follower of Mahavira?
(a) Dharmachakra Parivartan (a) Jamali (b) Yashoda
(b) Dharma Sansthapan (c) Aanojja (d) Trishala
(c) Dharma Sabha 155. Who installed the grand image of Gomateshwar
(d) Maha Parinirvan
at Shravanbelgola?
151. In the Bhagawat religion, the number of forms of
Bhakti (a) Chamundaraya (b) Krishna I
(a) 10 (b) 9 (c) Kumar Pal (d) Tejpal
(c) 4 (d) 5 156. Buddha is depicted on the coins of
152. Amaravati Stupa is situated in (a) Wima Kadphises (b) Kanishka
(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Madhya Pradesh (c) Nahapana (d) Budhgupta
(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Karnataka
ANSWER KEY
1. (a) 21. (d) 41. (b) 61. (a) 81. (c) 101. (a) 121. (b) 141. (c)
2. (b) 22. (c) 42. (c) 62. (a) 82. (c) 102. (b) 122. (a) 142. (a)
3. (d) 23. (c) 43. (b) 63. (c) 83. (d) 103. (a) 123. (a) 143. (d)
4. (d) 24. (a) 44. (a) 64. (a) 84. (b) 104. (c) 124. (c) 144. (b)
5. (b) 25. (a) 45. (c) 65. (b) 85. (b) 105. (c) 125. (b) 145. (a)
6. (a) 26. (c) 46. (a) 66. (b) 86. (d) 106. (c) 126. (a) 146. (b)
7. (d) 27. (b) 47. (d) 67. (c) 87. (c) 107. (b) 127. (b) 147. (c)
8. (c) 28. (a) 48. (b) 68. (c) 88. (c) 108. (a) 128. (b) 148. (b)
9. (b) 29. (a) 49. (c) 69. (d) 89. (a) 109. (c) 129. (d) 149. (a)
10. (d) 30. (a) 50. (c) 70. (d) 90. (b) 110. (c) 130. (d) 150. (a)
11. (a) 31. (c) 51. (d) 71. (a) 91. (c) 111. (d) 131. (a) 151. (b)
12. (c) 32. (d) 52. (d) 72. (b) 92. (c) 112. (c) 132. (b) 152. (c)
13. (b) 33. (c) 53. (a) 73. (a) 93. (d) 113. (a) 133. (d) 153. (d)
14. (b) 34. (a) 54. (c) 74. (b) 94. (a) 114. (d) 134. (c) 154. (a)
15. (c) 35. (d) 55. (a) 75. (b) 95. (d) 115. (d) 135. (b) 155. (a)
16. (a) 36. (a) 56. (a) 76. (c) 96. (c) 116. (b) 136. (a) 156. (b)
17. (c) 37. (a) 57. (b) 77. (b) 97. (b) 117. (c) 137. (b)
18. (d) 38. (c) 58. (c) 78. (a) 98. (a) 118. (b) 138. (d)
19. (c) 39. (c) 59. (a) 79. (a) 99. (c) 119. (a) 139. (c)
20. (a) 40. (d) 60. (d) 80. (b) 100. (b) 120. (b) 140. (d)
Hints & Solutions

Vedic Period 4. (d) The staple diet of the people was milk, ghee
1. (a) Vedic literature is also known as Shruti. The (clarified butter), vegetables, fruit and barley. On
literature which has been handed down from time special occasions like a religious feast or the arrival
immemorial by verbal transmission. of a guest, a more elaborate meal was organized.
2. (b) The Aryans were the founder of Vedic culture. Meats from the ox, goat and sheep were served
The Aryans entered India through the Khyber along with intoxicating drinks, like Sura and
pass, around 1500 BC. They adopted the settled Madhu.
agricultural lifestyle of their predecessors and 5. (b) Indra was the most important divinity and
established small agrarian communities across was lord of war. 250 hymns have been devoted
the state of Punjab. The Aryans are believed to
to only Indra in Rigveda, which is highest for any
have brought with them the horse, developed the
of the Gods. His other names are: Car-warrior
Sanskrit language and made significant inroads
into the religion and culture of that time. (Rathestha); A winner ( Jitendra) and Soma
History || A-19
Drinker (Somapa). Indra is mentioned as son of 13. (b) Vedanga does not come under Shruti
Dyaus. He killed a demon Vritra, so he is known as literature. It comes from post-Vedic literature.
The Vedanga (limbs of the Veda) are six auxiliary
Vritrahan. He destroyed the forests so also known
disciplines traditionally associated with the study
as Purandhar. He held the thunderbolt (Vajra) with and understanding of the Vedas. They are Shiksha,
which he destroyed the enemies. Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas and Jyotisha.
6. (a) The book ‘Return of the Aryans’ was written 14. (b) The river Jhelum is called Vitasta in the
by Bhagvan S. Gidvani. This book tells the epic Rigveda. The Vitasta is mentioned as one of the
major rivers by the holy scriptures of the Indo-
story of the Aryans – a gripping tale of kings and
Aryans — the Rigveda. It has been speculated
poets, seers and gods, battles and romance and the that the Vitasta must have been one of the seven
rise and fall of civilizations. rivers (Sapta Sindhu) mentioned so many times in
7. (d) The Sapta Sindhu (seven rivers) plays a the Rigveda.
prominent part in the hymns of the Rigveda. The 15. (c) The Gopatha Brahmana is the only
Brahmana, a genre of the prose texts describing
Rigveda mentions rivers Kabul, Swat, Kurram,
the Vedic rituals, associated with the Atharvaveda.
Gumal, Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, 16. (a) Battle of ten kings is the story of the
etc. which proves that the settlements were in campaign and the decisive battle connected with
Afghanistan and Punjab as well. sages Vishwamitra and Vashistha. Vishwamitra
The river Tapti is not mentioned in Rigveda. organized a confederacy against Sudas of all those
8. (c) The earliest expressions of caste can be found who had enmity with Sudas.
17. (c) Dasarajana was the battle of ten kings. The
in one of India’s religious scripture known as the
name of confederate kings involved in this war
Vedas. In the beginning, the caste system was not
is actually slightly over ten, but was referred to
rigid. But in the later Vedic period, it became rigid roughly as ‘dasha’ in the Rigveda. They were
when the Brahmins and the Kshatriyas became Puru, Yadu, Turvasa, Anu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha,
powerful. So, the rigidification of caste system is Bhalanas, Shiva, Vishanin, Simyu, Vaikrna and
the major impact of Vedic culture on India. others.
9. (b) The Vedic deities Agni is not mentioned in 18. (d) In the tenth book (Tenth Mandala) of Rig-
the Boghazkoi inscription. Four Vedic deities, i.e. veda, 129th hymn (Suktam) deals with the origin
Indra, Mitra, Varuna and Nasatya were mentioned of the universe and creation.
in Boghazkoi inscription. 19. (c) The famous Battle of ten kings between
10. (d) Varuna, the Vedic god was the custodian of Bharat and the host of ten kings was fought near
the river of Parushi. In the most important tribal
the moral and cosmic order. He was also concerned
war, the king of Bharata, Sudas was victorious.
with societal affairs other than being a deification
21. (d) Atharvaveda concerned with the origin of
of nature. Indian medicine. It also consists mainly of magical
11. (a) The river Chenab was known in the Vedic spells and charms.
period as Chandrabhaga also Ashkini or Iskmati 22. (c) The Upanishads form the core of Indian
and as Acesines to the Ancient Greeks. philosophy. They give us both spiritual vision
12. (c) The Sabha is called Narishta which meant and philosophical argument and it is by a strictly
a ‘resolution of many’ that cannot be broken. It personal effort that one can reach the truth.
performed the executive functions. In the later 23. (c) Artha, Dharma and Kama are a part of
Vedic period it lost its importance due to the rise Trivarga. But Moksh is not a part of Trivarga, it is
of royal power. a part of Chaturvarga.
24. (a) The Arctic Home in the Vedas is a book involves uncertainty, chance, the vagaries of
written at the end of 1898 on the origin of Aryans fortune. The dice game is representative of the
by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak. It propounded challenges that a king must endure during his
the theory that the North Pole was the original reign. The game of dice is a part of the rituals of
home of Aryans during pre-glacial period which Rajasuya Yagya.
they had to leave due to the ice deluge around 34. (a) The rivers Ganga and Yamuna are first time
8000 BC and had to migrate to the Northern parts mentioned in the Rigveda. Vedic literature hymn
of Europe and Asia. In support to his theory, Tilak that starts with the rivers as Ganga, Yamuna,
has presented certain Vedic hymns, and Vedic Saraswati and then other rivers to the West.
calendars with interpretations of the contents in
35. (d) The Gayatri Mantra is a highly revered
detail.
mantra, based on a Vedic Sanskrit verse from
25. (a) Maximum number of Shlokas in Rigveda are
written in the memory of Indra. Indra was the most a hymn of the Rigveda. The Gayatri mantra is
popular God in Vedic period. dedicated to Savitr, is hence called Savitri. It is
26. (c) The term ‘Jana’ occurs 275 times in the considered to be among the holiest mantras of
Rigveda. But Janapada is not mentioned. The term Hinduism.
Rajya occurs only once. 36. (a) Lopamudra was a Brahmavadini who
27. (b) Sabha and Samiti were the two popular composed some hymns of the Vedas. Many hymns
assemblies existed in Vedic period. The most of Rigveda were composed by women and they
important work of the Samiti was to elect the king. were called Brahmavadini. The prominents in them
28. (a) The ancient Sage Patanjali was an expounder were Lopamudra, Vishwawara, Sikta, Nivavari,
of the Yoga Sutras one of the most important text Ghosa, etc.
of yoga covering all aspects of life. Patanjali’s
37. (a) Rigvedic hymns mention several rivers. In
Yoga Sutras describe the working of the mind and
the text Sindhu (or Indus), Saraswati (now lost),
emotions.
the Gomati (modern Gomal), the Krumu (modern
29. (a) The Gotra classification came into existence
probably during the Rigvedic period. The concept Kurram) and the Kubha (modern Kabul) are
of Gotra was first attempted among Brahmins to mentioned. The most important river seems to be
classify themselves among different groups. In the Sindhu and its tributaries–Shutudri (Sutluj),
present days, marriage is not allowed within the Vipas (Beas), Parushni (Ravi), Asikni (Chenab)
same Gotra in order to avoid impure matrimony. and Vitasta (Jhelum).
This thinking is in tune with the modern day 38. (c) The famous dialogue between Nachiketa and
genetic paradigms of hybrid vigour. Yama about transmigration of soul is mentioned
30. (a) The word Visamatta was used in the in the Kathopanishad.
latter Vedic age for the king. In the Shatapatha 39. (c) Hindu flood myth from the Satapatha
Brahmana, the king is described as devourer of Brahmana, the Matsya Avatar saves the pious and
the people.
the first man, Manu, and advises him to build a
31. (c) The word Aghanya is referred to as the cow in
giant boat.
many mantras of Vedas. The meaning of this word
means, “not to be killed under any circumstances”. 40. (d) Yajurveda has two main branches called
32. (d) The Samhita of Yajurveda that contains only Shukla Yajurveda and Krishna Yajurveda.
hymns and no prose is Vayasaneyi. Shukla Yajurveda is also called as “Vajasameyi
33. (c) Dicing seems to have a special significance Samhita” and it was brought to this world by Sage
when connected with myths and rituals. Dicing Yaajnavalkya after learning from the God Sun.
History || A-21
41. (b) In the battle of ten kings, Vashistha was the 52. (d) The Sulvasutra are sutra texts belonging to
priest of Bharata tribes. Vashistha and his family the Srauta ritual and deal with complex fire altars
are glorified in their role in the Battle of the Ten of various shapes constructed with bricks of
Kings, making him the only mortal besides Bhava specific shapes and area. This proves that despite
to have a Rigvedic hymn dedicated to him. no existence of algebra, there was an awareness
43. (b) The Satapatha Brahmana is a Hindu of precise purely geometrical calculations.
sacred text which describes details of Vedic 53. (a) The first hymn of each Mandala has
rituals, including philosophical and mythological addressed to Agni and his name is the first word
background, is related to Yajurveda. of the Rigveda. The remaining hymns are mainly
44. (a) The Kekaya kingdom was situated on the addressed to Indra, Varuna, Mitra, the Ashvins,
bank of river Beas, east of Gandhar kingdom. King the Maruts, Usas, Surya, Rbhus, Rudra, Vayu,
Aswapati ruled Kekaya when Janak was the king Brhaspati, Visnu, Heaven and Earth, and all the
of Videha. Gods.
45. (c) Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is written in 54. (c) “Rigvedic Aryans and the Harappans might
the prose. It is contained within the Shatapatha have been same people”. The theory was given by
Brahmana, and its status as an independent B.B. Lal.
Upanishad may be considered a secondary 55. (a) Rigveda mentions artisans as the carpenter,
extraction of a portion of the Brahmana text. It the chariot-maker, the weaver, the leather worker,
consists of three sections or Khandas: the Madhu the potter, etc. This indicates that they practised
Khanda, the Yajnavalkya or the Muni Khanda and all these crafts. Carpenter was the most celebrated
the Khila Khanda. craftsman in the Vedic age.
46. (a) Indra was the Vedic deities bears resemblance 56. (a) The story of Sunahsesha in which his
with Avestan god Ahurmazda. In Zoroastrianism as father Ajigarta is stated to have sold him to
reflected in the Avesta, Ahura Mazda is identified Harishchandra, occurs in Aitareya Brahmana.
with the beneficent spirit and directly opposed 57. (b) Chhandogya Upanishad belongs Puranas,
to the destructive one. He is all-wise, liberal, together with Itihas, had acquired the high status
undeceiving and the creator of everything good. of a fifth or Panchama Veda.
47. (d) Medhatithi was first Sanskrit scholar who did 58. (c) Battle of the Ten Kings is a battle alluded to
commentary on Manusmriti a Dhramashastra. The in Mandala 7 of the Rigveda. It is a battle between
exact date of Medhatithi’s writing is unclear, and Aryans allied with other tribes of the north-west
he has been placed anywhere between about 820 India and guided by the royal sage Vishvamitra,
and 1050 AD. oppose the Trtsu (Bharata) king Sudas in battle,
49. (c) Soma was one of the more important gods in but are defeated.
the Rigveda. The ninth Mandala of the Rigveda, 59. (a) Panini was a Sanskrit grammarian who gave a
also called the Soma Mandala, has 114 hymns, comprehensive and scientific theory of phonetics,
entirely devoted to Soma Pavamana, ‘Purifying phonology and morphology of Sanskrit language.
Soma’, the sacred potion of the Vedic religion. 60. (d) Maharishi Bhrigu was the first compiler of
50. (c) Yadu tribe is one of the Indo-Aryan tribes predictive astrology, Jyotisha. He is credited as the
mentioned in the Rigveda. They are mostly paired father of Hindu astrology and the first astrological
with Turvasu in Rigveda. treatise Bhrigu Samhita is attributed to his
51. (d) The first reference to Krishna occurs in the authorship.The Bhrigu Samhita is an astrological
Chhandogya Upanishad of perhaps the sixth (Jyotish) classic attributed to Maharishi Bhrigu
century B.C. during the Vedic period.
61. (a) Ashtadhyayi is a Sanskrit treatise on grammar 72. (b) Mandukya Upanishad is the smallest among
written in the 6th to 5th century BC by the Indian the ten principal Upanishads. Though being
grammarian Panini. This is one of the earliest smallest in size, it is highest in philosophy and
known grammars of Sanskrit language. deals with the subject of Pure Consciousness
62. (a) ‘Satyameva Jayate’ is a mantra from the directly.
ancient Indian scripture Mundaka Upanishad. 73. (a) Matsya Purana is one of the oldest of the 18
Upon independence of India, it was adopted as post-Vedic Hindu scriptures called the Puranas. It
the national motto of India. narrates the story of Matsya, the first of ten major
63. (c) Manu-smriti (Laws of Manu), traditionally, Avatars of the Hindu god Vishnu.
the most authoritative of the books of the Hindu 77. (b) The river Sarswati is referred to as Matetama,
code (Dharmashastra) in India. It is attributed to Devitama and Naditama in Rigveda. The Saraswati
the legendary first man and lawgiver, Manu. In its is praised lavishly in the Rigveda as the best of all
present form, it dates from the 1st century BCE. the rivers, especially in the Nadistuti Sukta.
65. (b) The Rigvedic hymns are dedicated to various 78. (a) It is accepted that the word ‘yava’ in the oldest
deities, chief of whom are Indra, a heroic god texts, including the Rigveda, applied to any type
praised for having slain his enemy Vrtra; Agni, of grain that was grounded into flour. Yet, many
the sacrificial fire; and Soma, the sacred potion or Indologists treat the word as meaning specifically
the plant it is made from. barley.
66. (b) In Rigvedic period, Niska was a gold necklace Religious Movement
in the beginning but later it was also used as a coin 79. (a) The word Buddha actually means enlightened
for giving as a reward to a poet. one and is the name given to Gautama Siddhartha
67. (c) The Aryans further moved towards east in the after his enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.
later Vedic period. The Satapatha Brahmana refers 80. (b) Kushinagar is an important Buddhist pilgrimage
to the expansion of Aryans to the eastern Gangetic site, where Gautama Buddha attained Parinirvana
plains. Several tribal groups and kingdoms are after his death.
mentioned in the later Vedic literature. One 81. (c) The Second Buddhist council took place
important development during this period is the approximately one hundred years after the Buddha’s
growth of large kingdoms Kuru and Panchala parinirvana. King Kalashoka was the Second
kingdoms and they were regarded as the hub of Council’s patron and the meeting took place at
Aryan culture. Vaishali.
68. (c) One of the Boghazkoi inscriptions proves 82. (c) Mahayana Buddhism emerged in the first century
that the Aryans are from Central Asia and their CE as a more liberal, accessible interpretation of
movements from Iran to India. Buddhism. Maitreya is a transcendent Bodhisattva
69. (d) Panchjanya is the common name given to named as the universal Buddha of a future time in
five most ancient vedic tribes. It is supposed that Mahayana Buddhism.
they are all descendants of the Five Folks and are 83. (d) Mahasanghika is the name of an early Buddhist
known by that name, e.g. Yadav for descendants school in India, during the Second Buddhist council
of Yadu, Paurav for descendants of Puru and so on. held at Vaishali. The Mahasanghika school represents
Kikat tribe does not belong to the Panchajahya of the first major schism ever recorded in Buddhism.
Rigvedic aryans. 84. (b) Acharanga Sutra is not a text of Buddhism. It
is a canonical sacred text of Jainism based on Lord
70. (d) During the Vedic period Sabha was a body of
Mahavira’s teachings.
village elders and Samiti was a general assembly
85. (b) The order of Buddhist monks and nuns was
in which all the members of the community
founded by Gautama Buddha during his lifetime
participated. Sabha and Samiti are depicted
over 2500 years ago. Buddha instituted a community
as the two daughters of Prajapati mentioned in of nuns in Vaishali at the request of his aunt
Atharvaveda. Mahaprajapati.
History || A-23
86. (d) Rummindei Pillar Inscription says that The preserved in the Pali language. It is the most complete
Beloved of the Gods, the king Piyadassi, when he extant early Buddhist canon. It was composed
had been consecrated twenty years, came in person in North India, and preserved orally until it was
find referenced the place where Buddha Sakyamuni committed to writing during the Fourth Buddhist
was born. He caused a stone enclosure to be made Council in Sri Lanka in 29 BCE, approximately
and a stone pillar to be erected. As the Lord was born four hundred and fifty four years after the death of
here in the village of Lumbini, he has exempted it Gautama Buddha.
from tax, and fixed its contribution [i.e. of grain] at 97. (b) Gautam Buddha, who was prince Siddhartha of
one-eighth. Kapilavastu in India/Asia before his enlightenment,
87. (c) Astangika Marg is Kalyan Mitra in Buddhist is called “The Light of Asia”.
philosophy. Buddha’s Astangika Marga are : 98. (a) Buddha Charita (Acts of the Buddha) is an epic
Right belief, Right thought, Right speech, Right poem in the Sanskrit Mahakavya style on the life of
action, Right living, Right effort, Right recollection Gautama Buddha by Asvaghosa, composed in the
and Right meditation. early second century CE.
88. (c) Buddha’s last ordained disciple was a very old 99. (c) The eightfold Path in Buddhism, is an early
Brahmin in the name of Subhadra who came to pay formulation of the path to enlightenment. The idea
his last respects to him and asked for ordination. of the Eightfold Path appears from the first sermon of
Immediately after ordination, Subhadra attained
the Buddha, which delivered after his enlightenment.
enlightenment and passed away.
Right desire is not included in the Eight fold path of
89. (a) Pratitya Samutpad is the main element of
Buddhism.
Buddhist philosophy. It refers to one of the central
100. (b) Yapaniya was a school of Jainism. The saints
concepts in the Buddhist tradition that all things arise
of the Yapaniya school practised nudity like the
in dependence upon multiple causes and conditions.
Digambaras and believed in the liberation of women
90. (b) Mahavir Swami delivered his first sermon in
in conformity with the Svetambaras.
the language of the common people called Ardha
101. (a) Lord Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana at
Magadhi and Prakrit.
Kushinagar, the mortal remains of Tathagat were kept
91. (c) Tirthankar Parshvanath was the son of king
in the ‘parliament house’, of the Republic of Mallas.
Ashvasena and queen Vama of Varanasi. He achieved
Nirvana on the Sammet Sikhar. He lived in Varanasi 102. (b) According to the Theravada commentaries
around 800 BC. Parsvanatha is the 23rd Jain and chronicles, the Third Buddhist Council was
Tirthankar. convened by the Mauryan king Ashoka at Pataliputra
92. (c) Svetambaras maintain that the 19th Tirthankara, (today’s Patna), under the leadership of the monk
Mallinath, was a woman. They also believe that Moggaliputta Tissa. Its objective was to purify the
women are able to obtain Moksha. Buddhist movement, particularly from opportunistic
93. (d) Parsvanatha was the twenty-third Tirthankara of factions which had been attracted by the royal
Jainism. Chaturyama Dharma the ‘fourfold teaching’ patronage.
of the Parshvanath. Chaturyama Dharma, abstention 103. (a) Therigatha is not a part of early Jains literature.
from violence, theft, untruth and acquisitiveness. The Therigatha is a Buddhist scripture, a collection
94. (a) In the Buddhist Pali Canon, Mahavira is referred of short poems supposedly recited by early members
to as Nigantha Nataputta. Nigantha Nataputta refers of the Buddhist Sangha in India around 600 BC.
to. A Nirgrantha refers to Jains. A person who has 104. (c) In Jainism, Ahinsa is the standard by which all
attained Kevalya can be a Nirgrantha. actions are judged. For a householder observing the
96. (c) The Tripitaka is the standard collection of small vows (anuvrata), the practice of ahinsa requires
scriptures in the Theravada Buddhist tradition, as that one should not kill any animal life.
105. (c) Avalokitesvara is one of the most widely revered Jains produced in writing the religious canon under
Bodhisattvas in mainstream Mahayana Buddhism, the head of the shraman Devardhigani. Svetambara
as well as unofficially in Theravada Buddhism. Agama was finally edited at the Jain council of
In Sanskrit, Avalokitesvara is also referred to as Vallabhi.
Padmapani (Holder of the Lotus) or Lokesvara (Lord 117. (c) Sanchi is considered as the best Stupa. The
of the World). ‘Great Stupa’ at Sanchi is the oldest stone structure
106. (c) King Milinda was not a contemporary of the in India and was originally commissioned by the
other three given in the option. Milinda in Indian Pali emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BC.
sources was a Greek of the Indo-Greek kingdom (165 118. (b) According to the scriptures of all Buddhist
BC–130 BC) who established a large empire in the schools, the first Buddhist Council was held soon
South Asia and became a patron of Buddhism. after the Mahaparinirvana of the Buddha, dated by
107. (b) Fourth Buddhist Council is the name of two the majority of recent scholars around 400 BCE,
separate Buddhist council meetings. The first one under the patronage of king Ajatasatru with the monk
was held in the 1st century BC, in Sri Lanka. The
Mahakasyapa presiding, at Sattapanni caves Rajgriha.
2nd Fourth Buddhist Council is said to have been
Its objective was to preserve the Buddha’s sayings
convened by the Kushan emperor Kanishka, perhaps
and the monastic discipline or rules (Vinaya).
in 78 CE in Jalandhar or in Kashmir.
119. (a) Jain belief goes to accept unanimously Rishabh
108. (a) The Lord Buddha was born in 623 BC in the
Dev as the founder of Jain religion. Evidences of
sacred area of Lumbini located in the Terai plains of
this fact are available to the worship of Tirthankar
southern Nepal, testified by the inscription on the
pillar erected by the Mauryan Emperor Asoka in 249 Rishabh Dev was in vogue before 1st Century BC
BC. There is no doubt that Jain religion has been practised
109. (c) Siddhartha’s caste was the Kshatriya. He before Vardhman as well as before Parsvanath.
belonged to the Shakya clan and was born in the Names of Rishabh Dev, Ajitnath and Aristhnemi were
royal family. His father was Suddhodana and his indicated in Yajurveda. Bhagwat Puran also confirms
mother was Maya. Because of this, he was known as that Rishabh Dev was the founder of Jain religion.
Shakyamuni “sage of the Shakya clan”, which is the 120. (b) Sanchi is the oldest extant Buddhist sanctuary.
most common name used in the Mahayana literature Although Buddha never visited the site during any
to refer to the Buddha. of his former lives or during his earthly existence.
110. (c) The Fourth Buddhist Council was presided over 121. (b) Anekantavada is one of the most important and
by Vasumitra in Kashmir during the reign of Kanishka fundamental doctrines of Jainism. It refers to the
and had to deal with a serious conflict between the notion that truth and reality are perceived differently
Sarvasthivada teachers of Kashmir and Gandhara. from diverse points of view, and that no single point
112. (c) The Ellora caves are an impressive complex of of view is the complete truth.
Buddhist, Hindu and Jain cave temples carved out 122. (a) Milinda Panha is in the form of a dialogue
of the vertical face of the Charanandri hills between between the Greek King Milinda (Minander I) and
the 6th and 10th centuries AD near the ancient Indian the Buddhist monk Nagasena.
village of Ellora. 124. (c) Mahavira added Brahmacharya (Celibacy) to the
114. (d) Sarnath, is the place where Gautam Buddha first Chaturyama system established by the twenty-third
gave his sermon after his enlightenment. It is one of Tirthankara Parshvanath. Thus, he based it on five
the most sacred places for Buddhist after Bodhgaya principles–Ahinsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya and
where he got enlightenment. Aparigraha.
115. (d) Sarnath is located 13 kilometres north-east of 125. (b) Pawapuri or Pava is a holy site for Jains located
Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh. in Nalanda district in Bihar. Around 5th Century
116. (b) Vallabhi has been a famous Jain centre. It was BCE, Mahavira, the last Tirthankara of Jainism
here in 453 or 466 AD, the Vallabhi council of the achieved Moksha or Nirvana here.
History || A-25
127. (b) Alara Kalama was a hermit saint and a teacher but some still hold that Brihaspati was its original
of yogic meditation who lived near Rajgriha. He founder. Brihaspati authored the classic work on
was one of the teachers of Gautama Buddha. Under Indian Materialism, the Brihaspati Sutra.
Alara Kalama Gautama, Buddha practised austerities. 137. (b) Syadvad is a doctrine of Jainism. Syadvad is the
Alara taught Gautama Buddha many things including philosophy of seeing an individual or an object from
meditation. various points of view; trying to understand them and
129. (d) Relic tower is not a representation of Buddhist acquiring the right knowledge of those things.
art. Buddhist architecture consist mainly of Chaityas, 138. (d) After the death of Mahavira, one of his disciple
Viharas, Stupas and Stambhas. Sudharma Swami is said to have taken over the
130. (d) Asanga was born as the son of a Kshatriya father leadership. He was the head of Jain community till
and Brahmin mother in Purusapura. Current scholars 515 BCE.
place him in the fourth century CE. He was perhaps 140. (d) In 8th century, King Dharampal of Pal dynasty
originally a member of the Mahisasaka school or formed the world famous Vikramshila Mahavihar in
the Mulasarvastivada school but later converted to Antichak village, Kahalgaon.
Mahayana. 141. (c) Lord Mahavira was the twenty-fourth and
131. (a) The Lingayat Community was founded by last Tirthankara of Jain religion. He was born in
Basava in the 12th century AD. The Lingayats Kundagrama, i.e. Basukund of today in 599 BC.
are Virashaivites Saivite. The philosophy of the 143. (d) First Jain council was held at Pataliputra by
Lingayatas was influenced by the teachings of
Sthalabahu in the beginning of the third century BC
both Shankarachary and Ramanuja. This sect was
during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya.
characterised by an anti-Brahmanical spirit.
144. (b) Bhagwan Mahavir’s first sermon (called ‘Divya-
132. (b) According to scholars, Lakulisha is the
Dhwani’) was delivered on ‘Vipulachala Hill’ near
founder of the Pashupata Shaivism sect. According
‘Rajgrahi’. In his preaches, he gave emphasis on
to a tradition stated in the Linga Purana, Lakulisha
non-violence, non-attachment and on Anekant and
is considered as the 28th and the last Avatar
Syadvada.
manifestation of Shiva and the propounder of Yoga
145. (a) The first Jain council (conference) of monks
system.
133. (d) Sunyavada was founded by an Indian Buddhist was held in Pataliputra about 160 years after Lord
philosopher Nagarjuna (150 – 250 CE) and based Mahavira’s nirvana. Monk Bhadrabahu, who had the
on the Prajnaparamita Sutras, expounding the knowledge of all 12 Angas, could not be present at
philosophy of emptiness, voidness (Sunyata), which that meeting. The rest of the monks could compile
later also influenced Ch’an in China and Zen in Japan. only the first eleven Angas by recollection and thus,
134. (c) Maitreyanatha ( 270–350 CE) is one of the three the twelfth Anga was lost. The monks from the South
founders of the Vigyanvada or Yogachar school did not agree with this compilation, and the first split
of Buddhist philosophy, along with Asanga and in Jainism started. Jains divided into two main groups,
Vasubandhu. Svetambaras and Digambaras. Svetambara monks
135. (b) Ajivika, an ascetic sect that emerged in India wore white clothes. Digambara monks did not wore
about the same time as Buddhism and Jainism and any clothes at all.
that lasted until the 14th century. It was founded 147. (c) The Kalpa Sutra is a Jain text containing the
by Goshala Maskariputra (also called Gosala biographies of the Jain Tirthankaras. Bhadrabahu is
Makkhaliputta). considered the author of the text and it is traditionally
136. (a) The terms Lokayata and Carvaka have said to have been composed about one hundred and
historically been used to denote the philosophical fifty years after Nirvana of Mahavira.
school of Indian Materialism. Carvaka and Ajita 149. (a) The custom Santhara is related to Jain sects.
Kesakambalin are said to have established Indian Santhara, a Jain spiritual practice which entails a
Materialism as a formal philosophical system, voluntary giving up of one’s life through fasting.
150. (a) The Dharmachakra Parivartan is said to be the 154. (a) Mahavira was married to Yashoda and produced
first teaching given by the Buddha after he attained a daughter whose husband, Jamali, became the first
enlightenment. It is taught that the Buddha attained disciple of Mahavira.
enlightenment while sitting under the Bodhi tree by 155. (a) The grand image of Gomoteshwara was installed
the river Neranjara, in Bodhgaya. by Chavundaraya in 988 AD at Sharavanbelgola.
152. (c) The Amravati Stupa is a famous specimen of Chamundaraya was a military commander, poet and
the Buddhist art and architecture of ancient India. It a minister in the court of the Western Ganga Dynasty
is located at Amravati in Andhra Pradesh. Amravati of Talakad in present day Karnataka.
was the capital of the ancient Satavahana dynasty, 156. (b) Kanishka’s coins portray images of Indian,
came under influence of the Buddhist faith through Greek, Iranian and even Sumero-Elamite divinities,
the Kushanas. demonstrating the religious syncretism in his beliefs.
153. (d) Maya was the mother of the Buddha and was The Buddhist coins of Kanishka are comparatively
from the Koliyan clan. Maya was born in Devadaha in rare. Several coins show Kanishka on the obverse and
ancient Nepal. She was married to King Suddhodana, the Buddha standing on the reverse, in Hellenistic
who ruled in the kingdom of Kapilavastu. style.
3 Maurya and
Post-Mauryan Period
MAURYA PERIOD 9. Who was Ashoka’s contemporary king of Ceylon?

1. Who identified the name Sandrocottus as (a) Abhaya
Chandragupta Maurya? (b) Pakanduka
(a) Megasthenes (b) Justin (c) Devanampiya Tissa
(c) V.A. Smith (d) William Jones (d) Mutasiva
2. Which dynasty ruled over Magadha after Nanda 10. The Mauryan administrative centre Samapa can
dynasty? be identified with
(a) Maurya (b) Gupta (a) Girnar (b) Dhauli
(c) Kushana (d) Sunga (c) Brahmagiri (d) Jaugada
3. Who was the founder of Maurya dynasty? 11. Which among the following was the first empire
(a) Chandragupta II (b) Chandragupta Maurya to stretch from sea to sea from the Bay of Bengal
(c) Vishnugupta (d) Ashoka to the Arabian sea?
4. The most important source for the study of (a) Nanda (b) Maurya
Mauryan history is (c) Satvahana (d) Gupta
(a) Mudrarakshasa 12. In which of the following inscriptions, Ashoka
(b) Natural Historica declared some concessions in taxes?
(c) Devichandraguptam (a) Minor rock Edict, Sasaram
(d) Arthashastra
(b) Bhabru-Bairat Edict
5. Who was the author of Arthashastra?
(c) Lumbini pillar Edict
(a) Vasudeva (b) Megasthenes
(d) Rock Edict XII
(c) Kautilya (d) Vishakhadutta
6. Who of the following was a contemporary of 13. Who among the following said that Chandragupta
Alexander the great? Maurya overran and subdued the whole of India
(a) Chandragupta Maurya with an army of six lakhs?
(b) Pushyamitra Sunga (a) Justin (b) Strabo
(c) Bimbisara (c) Plutarch (d) Deimachus
(d) Ashoka 14. Who among the following was the Governor of
7. Who was the mentor of Chandragupta Maurya? Saurashtra during the reign of Ashoka?
(a) Vishakhadutta (b) Chanakya (a) Tusashpha (b) Suvishakha
(c) Megasthenes (d) Patanjali (c) Pushyagupta (d) Radhagupta
8. During the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, 15. Rulers of which of the following dynasties
Pataliputra was administered by a board consisting maintained diplomatic relations with distant
of the members numbered. countries like Syria in the west?
(a) 20 (b) 30 (a) Maurya (b) Gupta
(c) 40 (d) 50 (c) Pallava (d) Chola
A-28 || Maurya and Post-Mauryan Period
16. In which of the following inscriptions, Ashoka 25. Who replaced Megasthanese as the ambassador
made his famous declaration “All men are my of the Syrian king Antiochus I in the court of
children” ? Bindusara?
(a) Minor Rock Edict of Ahrawra (a) Diodorus (b) Arrian
(b) Pillar Edict VII (c) Dionysius (d) Deimachos
(c) Lumbini Pillar Edict 26. Turamaya mentioned in the inscriptions of Ashoka
(d) Separate Kalinga Rock Edict I was his contemporary king of
17. Who were the beneficiaries of Ashoka’s donations (a) Afghanisthan (b) Egypt
in the region of Barabar Hill? (c) Macedonia (d) Syria
(a) Buddhists (b) Ajivikas 27. The Gujarra minor rock edict, on which the name
(c) Svetambar (d) Digambar of Ashoka is mentioned, is located in
18. The earliest example of rock cut architecture is (a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Madhya Pradesh
evident for the time of (c) Rajasthan (d) Bihar
(a) Pre-Mauryan (b) Mauryan 28. Which of the following Ashokan inscriptions is
(c) Post-Mauryan (d) Gupta devoted to the principle of religious tolerance
19. Which of the following Ashoka inscriptions is in completely?
Kharosthi script? (a) Rock Edict XIII
(b) Rock Edict XII
(a) Lumbini (b) Girnar
(c) Pillar inscription VII
(c) Khalsi (d) Shahvajgarhi
(d) Bhabru Minor Rock Edict
20. Who was the son of Ashoka mentioned in an
29. Which of the following mentions about the meeting
inscription?
of Sandrokottas (Chandragupta Maurya) with
(a) Mahendra (b) Kunala
Alexander the Great?
(c) Tivara (d) Jalauka (a) Pliny (b) Justin
21. Sarnath Stambh was built by (c) Strabo (d) Megasthenese
(a) Harshwardhan (b) Ashoka 30. Which of the Mauryan kings wanted a Sophist
(c) Bindusar (d) Kanishka from Greece to his court?
22. The officers related to survey and settlement work (a) Chandragupta Maurya
under Ashoka were called (b) Bindusara
(a) Rajukas (c) Ashoka
(b) Prativedaka (d) Kunal
(c) Dharma Mahamatra 31. Which of the following was an administrative
(d) Sannidhata centre of the Southern province of Ashoka’s
23. Which one of the following inscriptions refers to empire?
construction of two granaries to be used in the time (a) Isila (b) Samapa
of distress? (c) Satiyaputra (d) Keralputra
(a) Madhuban copper plate 32. In which of the following pillars, inscription of
(b) Poona copper plate Ashoka the name of his queen “Karuvaki” is
(c) Damodarpur copper plate mentioned?
(d) Sohagaura copper plate (a) Sarnath Pillar
24. Ashoka’s deep devotion to Buddha, Dhamma (b) Allahabad Pillar
and Sangha is mentioned in which of following (c) Rampurava Pillar
inscriptions? (d) Lauria Nandan Garh Pillar
(a) Rock Edict III 33. Who of the Jain saints is associated with
(b) Pillar Edict VII Chandragupta Maurya?
(c) Rock Edict XIII (a) Umaswami (b) Sthulbhadra
(d) Bhabru Minor Rock Edict (c) Haribhadra (d) Bhadrabahu
History || A-29
34. The book Indica was written by 44. Which one of the following edicts mentions the
(a) Seleucas (b) Megasthenes personal name of Ashoka?
(c) Kalidas (d) Pliny (a) Kalsi
35. Which was the currency in circulation during the (b) Rummindei
Maurya period? (c) Special Kalinga Edict
(a) Pana (b) Tola (d) Maski
(c) Kakini (d) Dinar 45. The Ashoka major rock edicts which tell us about
36. The earliest epigraphic reference to Chandragupta the Chola, Pandya, Satyaputta and Kerelaputta?
Maurya is found in the (a) I and VII (b) II and III
(a) Barabar cave inscription of Ashoka (c) II and XII (d) II and XIII
(b) Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela
46. Realizing the need of water, the first ruler who got
(c) Junagarh Rock Edict of Ashoka
a lake constructed in the Girnar area was
(d) Junagarh Rock inscription of Rudradaman
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
37. Rupadarsaka in the Mauryan administration was
(b) Ashoka
(a) Manager of stage
(b) Examiner of gold, silver and copper (c) Rudradaman
(c) Examiner of coins (d) Skandagupta
(d) Superintendent of courtesans 47. The Lumbini was the birth place of Gautama
38. The superintendent of weights and measures in the Buddha, is confirmed by an inscription of
Mauryan administration was (a) Ashoka (b) Kanishka
(a) Samsthadhyaksha (b) Lavanadhyaksha (c) Harsha (d) Dharmapal
(c) Shulkadhyaksha (d) Pautuvadhyaksha 48. Which of the following were called Sarthavaha?
39. Name the famous ruler of ancient India, who (a) Brokers (b) Carvan of traders
adopted Jain Dharm in his last days. (c) Money lenders (d) Pilgrims
(a) Chandragupta Maurya 49. Which of the following sources gives a detailed
(b) Ashoka account of city administration of the Mauryas?
(c) Samudragupta (a) Kautilya’s Arthashastra
(d) Bindusara (b) Megasthanese’s Indica
40. The Arthashastra of Kautilya is a (c) Mudrarakshasa of Vishakhadutta
(a) Play about Chandragupta Maurya (d) Inscription of Ashoka
(b) Biography 50. Who was the first to have successfully read the
(c) History of Chandragupta Maurya Ashoka’s inscriptions?
(d) Book on principles of Government
(a) Charles Wilkins
41. The name by which Ashoka is generally referred
(b) Dayaram Sahni
to in his inscription is
(c) Rakhaldas Banerji
(a) Chakravarti (b) Devraja
(c) Dharmakirti (d) Priyadarsi (d) James Prinsep
42. Which one of the following texts of ancient India 51. Who was the Prime Minister of Chandragupta
allows divorce to a wife deserted by her husband? Maurya?
(a) Kamasutra (b) Arthashastra (a) Kautilya (b) Megasthenese
(c) Sukra Nitisara (d) Mudrarakshasa (c) Khallataka (d) Radhagupta
43. Which one of the following scripts of ancient India 52. The main officer of town in Mauryan empire was
was written from right to left? called by Megasthenes as
(a) Kharoshti (b) Brahmi (a) Astyonmoi (b) Agronomoi
(c) Pali (d) Prakrit (c) Nagarka (d) Overseers
53. Who of the following also had the name Devanama 63. Which of the following Indian kings defeated
Priyadasi? Seleucus, the administrator of Sindha and
(a) Chandragupta Maurya Afghanistan?
(b) Ashoka (a) Chandragupta (b) Ashoka
(c) Bindusar (d) Kanishka
(c) Bindusara
64. Who was the writer of Mudrarakshasa?
(d) Harsha (a) Kautilya (b) Pushyagupta
54. The division of Mauryan society into seven classes (c) Vishnugupta (d) Vishakhdatta
was particularly mentioned in 65. Which of the following languages is used in the
(a) Mudrarakshasa (b) Purans inscriptions of Ashoka?
(c) Arthashastra (d) Indica (a) Pali (b) Prakrit
55. Kautilya’s Arthashastra deals with the aspects of (c) Sanskrit (d) Apabhramsa
(a) Economic life (b) Religious life 66. The most famous educational centre during the
period of Mauryan age was
(c) Social life (d) Political policies
(a) Nalanda (b) Vaishali
56. Who of the following was known as Amitrochates? (c) Ujjain (d) Takshila
(a) Chandragupta Maurya 67. Who constructed the 84 thousands Stupa?
(b) Bindusar (a) Ashoka (b) Pushyamitra
(c) Ashoka (c) Menander (d) Kanishka
(d) Kautilya 68. The third Buddhist council during the reign of
57. Who built the city of Shrinagar in Kashmir? Ashoka was held at
(a) Porus (a) Rajgriha (b) Vaishali
(b) Chandragupta Maurya (c) Pataliputra (d) Nalanda
69. Chanakya, the famous teacher of Chandragupta
(c) Ashoka
Maurya, was associated with
(d) Kanishka (a) Nalanda (b) Vaishali
58. Where did Ashoka send his son Mahendra as a (c) Takshashila (d) Vikramshila
Buddhist missionary to ? 70. The last Mauryan emperor was
(a) Ceylon (b) Nepal (a) Kunal (b) Jalok
(c) Tibet (d) Khotan (c) Samprati (d) Brihadratha
59. How many Tirthas were mentioned in Arthashastra? 71. Who of the following has mentioned on the
(a) 16 (b) 18 absence of slavery in Maurya period?
(a) Megasthenes (b) Kautilya
(c) 26 (d) 30
(c) Vishakhadatta (d) Justin
60. In Arthashastra, the superintendent of commerce is 72. During the reign of Ashoka the huge Maurya
known as empire divided into
(a) Panyadhyaksha (b) Samsthadhyaksha (a) Four Provinces (b) Five Provinces
(c) Sulkadhyaksha (d) Mudradhyaksha (c) Six Provinces (d) None of these
61. Who of the following historical personalities of 73. In Maurya empire, province was known as
India is also known as Vishnugupta? (a) Chakra (b) Mandal
(a) Bindusara (b) Kunala (c) Ahar (d) Vishaya
74. Which of the following taxes was paid in cash?
(c) Chanakya (d) Shreegupta
(a) Bhaga (b) Hiranya
62. Which rock edict of Ashoka provides a description (c) Pranaya (d) Bali
of the horrors of Kalinga war? 75. Visti signifies
(a) Kalinga Edict (b) 11th Rock Edict (a) Religious tax (b) Irrigation tax
(c) 12 Rock Edict (d) 13th Rock Edict
th (c) Forced labour (d) Trade tax
History || A-31
POST-MAURYA PERIOD 88. A Kushan Devakula was found in the vicinity of

76. Who was the founder of Sunga dynasty? (a) Jalandhar (b) Sialkot
(a) Pushyagupta (b) Pushyamitra (c) Mathura (d) Multan
89. Who of the following had issued gold coins for
(c) Pushparaja (d) Pravarsena
the first time?
77. Which of the following dynasties was characterised
(a) Kujula Kadphises (b) Vima Kadphises
by its metronymics?
(c) Kanishka (d) Huvishka
(a) Kushana (b) Kanva 90. Who said, “Rome is being drained of its treasure
(c) Sunga (d) Satavahana by trading with India” ?
78. Which was the capital of Kanishka? (a) Pliny (b) Arrian
(a) Mathura (b) Pataliputra (c) Plutarch (d) Tiberins
(c) Purushapura (d) Gandhar 91. In which royal family, the men usually followed
79. Charaka was the famous court physician of the Brahmanical religion and women were
(a) Kanishka (b) Pushyamitra Buddhists?
(c) Chandragupta (d) Ashoka (a) Ikshvakus (b) Lichchhavis
80. Which Chinese general defeated Kanishka? (c) Pallavas (d) Yaudheyas
92. In which inscription, is it mentioned that
(a) Pan Chao (b) Pan Yang
Pushyamitra had performed two horses
(c) Ho Ti (d) Chi Huang Ti sacrifices?
81. Who was called by Vindhya Adhipati? (a) Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela
(a) Simuka (b) Gautamiputra (b) Ayodhya inscription of Dhanadeva
(c) Ashoka (d) Pushyamitra (c) Nasika inscription of Gautamiputra
82. A Buddhist council during the reign of Kanishka Satakarni
was held at (d) Reh inscription of Fatehpur
(a) Mathura (b) Rajgriha 93. Rulers of which of the following dynasties bore
(c) Pataliputra (d) Kashmir the title Devaputra?
83. Who was the founder of Kushan dynasty? (a) Maurya (b) Sunga
(a) Vim Kadphises (b) Kujul Kadaphises (c) Kushana (d) Saka
94. Who among the following was the first Satavahana
(c) Huvishka (d) Kanishka
king to introduce the ruler’s head on coins?
84. Vijayapuri the capital of Ikshvakus is represented
(a) Satakarni I
by (b) Gautamiputra Satakarni
(a) Madurai (b) Kanheri (c) Vasishthiputra Pulumavi
(c) Nagarjunakonda (d) Paithan (d) Yojna Satakarni
85. The official language of the Satvahanas was 95. Who among the following is credited to have
(a) Prakrit (b) Sanskrit performed four Asvamedha sacrifices?
(c) Apabhramsa (d) Telugu (a) Pushyamitra Sunga
86. The Greek envoy Heliodorus of the Besnagar (b) Pravarasen I
inscription was sent by the Indo-Greek ruler (c) Nandivarman
(a) Demetrius (b) Menander (d) Samudragupta
(c) Antialcidas (d) Agathocles 96. Which one of the following items has been called
87. Which God is depicted on the Yaudheya coins? Yavanapriya?
(a) Indra (b) Shiva (a) Pearl (b) Ivory
(c) Vasudeva (d) Kartikeya (c) Silk (d) Indian pepper
97. Who among the following rulers has been 106. The Sunga ruler, Agnimitra was the hero of a book
mentioned as protector of Varna system? written by
(a) Pushyamitra (b) Kharvela (a) Patanjali (b) Asvagosha
(c) Gautamiputra (d) Vasudeva (c) Banabhatta (d) Kalidasa
98. The ratio between gold and silver coins during 107. Who was the author of Setu-bandh?
Saka - Satavahan period was (a) Patanjali (b) Pushyamitra
(a) 1 : 10 (b) 1 : 14 (c) Praversena (d) Rudrasena
(c) 1 : 20 (d) 1 : 35 108. Which of the following dynasties introduced the
99. During the Satavahanas rule, Kataka’ means combined ruling system?
(a) Military clothes and settlements (a) Saka (b) Sunga
(b) Military armaments and camps (c) Kushana (d) Maurya
(c) Military committees and camps 109. Who was the founder of Satavahana dynasty?
(d) Military camps and settlements (a) Hall (b) Simuka
(c) Satkarni (d) Shivasri
100. From which of the following places archaeological
110. Who was the greatest ruler of Satavahana
remains of a Roman colony have been discovered?
dynasty?
(a) Sopara (b) Arikamedu
(a) Satkarni I
(c) Bhrigukachchha (d) Tamralipti
(b) Hall
101. Who was the founder of Vakatak dynasty?
(c) Gautamiputra Satkarni
(a) Vindhya Shakti (b) Ishwarsena
(d) Yajanasri Satkarni
(c) Pravarsena (d) Rudrasena
111. Who was the last ruler of Sunga dynasty?
102. Who was the founder of Chedi dynasty? (a) Agnimitra (b) Vasumitra
(a) Vindhya Shakti (c) Brajamitra (d) Devabhuti
(b) Kharvela 112. Which of the following dynasties related to
(c) Mahameghavahana maximum pure gold coins?
(d) Mahapadam (a) Sunga (b) Kushana
103. The writer of Mahabhasya ‘Patanjali’ was a (c) Satavahana (d) Gupta
contemporary of 113. The practice of land grants to brahmins and
(a) Chandragupta Maurya Buddhist was initiated by
(b) Ashoka (a) Sungas (b) Satavahanas
(c) Chandragupta II (c) Vakatakas (d) Guptas
(d) Pushyamitra Sunga 114. Which of the following dynasties circulated the
104. Which of the following inscriptions of the time of lead coins?
Kanishka indicates that his empire was extended (a) Nand (b) Maurya
up to Champa in the east? (c) Satavahana (d) Kushana
(a) Sarnath inscription 115. Who was Rudradaman I?
(a) Saka ruler of Ujjain
(b) Saheth-maheth inscription
(b) Saka ruler of Takshashila
(c) Rabatak inscription
(c) Saka ruler of Nasika
(d) None of the above
(d) Saka ruler of Mathura
105. The figure of Buddha is engraved on the coins of 116. Who was the writer of Nanaghata inscription?
(a) Ashoka (b) Menander (a) Naganika (b) Nagakumari
(c) Kanishka (d) Harsha (c) Nagamati (d) Kubernaga
History || A-33
117. Nanaghata inscription belonged to 121. The only ruler of India who ruled over territories
(a) Gautamiputra Satakarni in central Asia beyond the Pamirs was
(b) Vashistiputra Pulumavi (a) Kanishka
(c) Yajansri Satakarni (b) Harsha
(d) Satakarni I (c) Ashoka
118. Who was the founder of Kanva dynasty? (d) Chandragupta Maurya
(a) Vasumitra (b) Bhumimitra 122. Gondophernes belonged to
(c) Vasudeva (d) Devabhuti (a) The Saka dynasty
119. After the Mauryas, the most important kingdom (b) The Satavahan dynasty
in deccan and central India was (c) The Kushana dynasty
(a) Vakataka (b) Satavahana (d) The Parthian dynasty
(c) Pallava (d) Cholas 123. Gathasaptasati was written by
120. Which of the following Saka rulers was responsible (a) Hall (b) Bharatmuni
for important irrigation works in Saurashtra? (c) Bhas (d) Satakarni I
(a) Nahapana (b) Menander
(c) Rudradaman (d) None of these
ANSWER KEY
1. (b) 17. (b) 33. (d) 49. (b) 65. (b) 81. (b) 97. (a) 113. (b)
2. (a) 18. (b) 34. (b) 50. (d) 66. (d) 82. (d) 98. (d) 114. (c)
3. (b) 19. (d) 35. (a) 51. (a) 67. (a) 83. (b) 99. (d) 115. (a)
4. (d) 20. (c) 36. (d) 52. (a) 68. (c) 84. (c) 100. (b) 116. (a)
5. (c) 21. (b) 37. (c) 53. (b) 69. (c) 85. (a) 101. (a) 117. (d)
6. (a) 22. (a) 38. (d) 54. (d) 70. (d) 86. (c) 102. (c) 118. (c)
7. (a) 23. (d) 39. (a) 55. (d) 71. (a) 87. (d) 103. (d) 119. (b)
8. (b) 24. (d) 40. (d) 56. (b) 72. (b) 88. (c) 104. (c) 120. (c)
9. (c) 25. (d) 41. (d) 57. (c) 73. (a) 89. (b) 105. (c) 121. (a)
10. (d) 26. (b) 42. (b) 58. (a) 74. (b) 90. (a) 106. (d) 122. (d)
11. (b) 27. (b) 43. (a) 59. (b) 75. (d) 91. (a) 107. (d) 123. (a)
12. (c) 28. (b) 44. (d) 60. (a) 76. (b) 92. (b) 108. (a)
13. (c) 29. (b) 45. (d) 61. (c) 77. (d) 93. (c) 109. (b)
14. (a) 30. (b) 46. (a) 62. (d) 78. (c) 94. (b) 110. (c)
15. (a) 31. (a) 47. (a) 63. (a) 79. (c) 95. (b) 111. (d)
16. (d) 32. (b) 48. (b) 64. (d) 80. (a) 96. (d) 112. (b)
Hints & Solutions

MAURYA PERIOD is evidence to show that Chandragupta was a
1. (b) The Roman historian Justin described contemporary of Alexander.
Sandrocottus (Greek version of Chandragupta’s 7. (a) Chanakya was the mentor of Chandragupta
name) conquered the northwest India. Maurya. He was a great scholar, teacher of economics
2. (a) Maurya dynasty ruled over Magadha after and political science in ancient India. Different lessons
Nanda dynasty. Chandragupta destroyed the Nanda
of politics and war were taught to Chandragupta by
dynasty around 321 BC, and became the first king of
the great Mauryan empire. Chanakya. Chandragupta Maurya established Maurya
4. (d) Kautilya’s Arthasastra is a very important source Empire by defeating Dhana Nanda of Nanda dynasty.
for the knowledge of Mauryan dynasty. Chanakya or 8. (b) Chandragupta, the founder of the Mauryan
Kautilya, the minister of Chandra Gupta throws a Empire was not only a great warrior but also an able
flood of light upon the contemporary social, political
administrator. He set up a sound and efficient system
and economic conditions of the country at that time.
It also gave a wealth of information regarding duties of administration in his vast empire. There was a
of the king, his foreign policy and organization of municipal committee of 30 members to look after the
spies. affairs of the city. They looked after public buildings,
6. (a) Chandragupta Maurya set up the Mauryan water supply, sanitation, roads, gardens, hospitals,
Empire following Alexander’s retreat. There schools, temples and other works of public utility.
History || A-35
9. (c) Ashoka maintained close relations with Tissa, Devi or Vedisa. His two other wives were Karuvaki
the ruler of Ceylon. Devaanampiya Tissa was the and Asandhimitra. Asoka’s only son mentioned in
second son of Mutasiva. He was a friend of Asoka inscriptions is Tivara, who was born to Karuvaki.
even before he became king. The name of Karuvaki and Tivara are mentioned in
10. (d) Samapa, modern-day Jaugada was administrative Queen’s edict.
centre of the Mauryan empire after the Kalinga 21. (b) Ashoka built the Sarnath pillar to commemorate
conquered by Ashoka. the site of the first preaching of Lord Buddha, where
11. (b) The Mauryan empire became the first to he taught the Dharma to five monks. The Ashoka
stretch from sea to sea – from the Bay of Bengal Pillar at Sarnath is about 15.24 m in height and weighs
to the Arabian Sea. More probably it was intended 50 tons. The four-lion sculpture placed on top of this
to engross the lucrative maritime trade in timbers, pillar is now treasured in the Archaeological Museum
textiles, spices, gems and precious metals between of Sarnath.
the ports of India and the Persian Gulf. 23. (d) The earliest known copper-plate, known as
12. (c) Lumbini pillar inscriptions, King Ashoka visited the Sohgaura copper-plate, is a Maurya record that
Lumbini and worshipped the Buddha, the sage of mentions famine relief efforts. The Sohgaura copper
the Sakyans was born there. He set up a pillar and plate refers to a pair of Kosthagara (granaries) to be
the village of Lumbini was exempted from tax and used in the time of distress.
required to pay only one-eighth of the produce 24. (d) Bhabru minar rock edict was placed near Viratt
because the Lord was born there. in Jaipur state dated from 258 to 257 BC. In this
14. (a) Yavana Tushaspha was the Governor of inscription, Ashoka expressed or rather confessed his
Saurashtra in Ashoka’s reign, evidently because faith in the Buddha, Dharma and the Sangha. He also
Pushyagupta’s son had become a Jain monk and refers to seven examples of Buddhism which were
left no descendants behind. Pushyagupta was dear to him and he wished that his subjects should
the Governor of Saurashtra appointed by the also follow them.
Chandragupta Maurya. 25. (d) Deimachos succeeded Megasthenes as
15. (a) Mauryan Emperor Bindusara had friendly ambassador to the court of Bindusara sent by the
relations with the Greek King Antiochos-I of Syria. Syrian king Antiochus I.
Deimachos was a Syrian Ambassador who came in 26. (b) In his thirteenth inscription, Ashoka mentions
the court of Bindusara. Mauryan Emperor Ashoka five Greek contemporary kings. Turamaya has been
the Great also mentions the names of Hellenic identified with the contemporary ruler of Egypt up
king– Antiochus II of Syria in his 13th rock edict. to 247 BC.
This shows that Mauryan dynasty maintained the 27. (b) Gujarra edict is located north of the village
diplomatic relations with distant countries like Syria Gujarra at the foot of a low hill locally known as
in the West. Siddham ki Todiya. It was discovered in 1953 CE.
17. (b) The edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 Gujarra is located near the town of Datia in Madhya
inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka. One of the Pradesh. The edict here refers Ashoka with his
edicts of Asoka’s Barbara cave inscription mentions personal name.
the donation of Barbara hills region to Ajivika sect. 28. (b) The Rock edict XII of Ashoka inscriptions
19. (d) The inscriptions of Ashoka are written in two is devoted to the principle of religious tolerance
scripts known as Brahmi and Kharosthi. Kharosthi completely. Ashoka pleaded for tolerance of different
script has been used in the inscriptions found religious sects in an attempt to create a sense of
at Shahbazgarhi in Mardan District of Khyber- harmony.
Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and Manshera 30. (b) Bindusara conquered some of the parts of
also in Pakistan. southern peninsula. He also maintained contact with
20. (c) The Buddhist texts mention about the family of his Greek counterparts. He asked the Greek kings to
Ashoka. His first wife was a princess of Ujjaini called send a Sophist to his court.
31. (a) During 4th and 3rd century BCE, Karnataka was 43. (a) The Kharosthi script is an ancient script used by
part of Nanda and Maurya Empire. The Brahmagiri the ancient Gandhara culture of South Asia primarily
edicts in Chitradurga dated around 230 BCE belong in modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan. Kharosthi
to emperor Ashoka and says of the nearby region as is mostly written right to left (type A), but some
‘Isila’ which means ‘fortified region’. These rock inscriptions (type B) already show the left to right
edicts indicated that the Isila was the southernmost direction that was to become universal for the later
extent of the Mauryan empire. South Asian scripts.
33. (d) It is believed that Chandragupta Maurya adopted 45. (d) Major Rock Edict II mentions Chola, Pandya,
Jainism and became an ascetic under the Jain saint Satyaputra and Keralpautra kingdoms in South India.
Bhadrabahu and migrated south with him. He ended Major Rock Edict XIII speaks of Asoka’s annexation
his life at Sravanabelgola in present day Karnataka of Kalinga. It mentions Asoka’s victory by dhamma
by Jainism custom Santhara (death by fasting). over Greek kings and the Chola, Pandya, and Andhra
34. (b) The Greek author Megasthenes wrote ‘Indica’. kingdoms in South India.
During Alexander’s invasion in the western part of 46. (a) It is evident from the note of Megasthenes,
India around 300 Christian era, Megasthenes came to importance of land and water management was
India. Indica is the most authentic book to know about realised even during 300 B.C for social welfare.
the Mauryan period and the regime of Chandragupta
During this period, famous Sudarshan lake on Girnar
Maurya.
hill in Gujarat was built by Chandragupta Maurya.
35. (a) Mauryas’ India had evolved its own monetary
48. (b) Proper rules of conduct of trade were laid by
system based on indigenous standards. In the
the head of trade guilds, known as Sarthavaha or
Arthasashtra, the silver pana with its sub-divisions is
Srenipramukha. The rules were called Samay and
evidently recognized as the standard coin, while the
Srenidharma. Taxila, Pushkalavati, Kapisa and
copper mashaka with its divisions ranks as a token
Vidisha prospered as trade centres, under the Indo-
currency.
40. (d) The Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise Greek rulers.
on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy 49. (b) Megasthenes stayed at Pataliputra for about
which identifies its author by the names ‘Kautilya’ five years. He wrote a book called ‘Indica’ in which
and ‘Vishnugupta’, both names that are traditionally he gave a detailed account of his observations of
identified with Chanakya. The book, written in Mauryan government and social life.
Sanskrit, discusses theories and principles of 50. (d) James Princep was an English scholar, orientalist
governing a state. and antiquary. Remained unread until James Princep
41. (d) The rock inscriptions of Devanampriya successfully deciphered Ashoka’s edicts inscription
Priyadarshi were being discovered all over India in 1837. Stories of Ashoka flourished from the time
for centuries. But for a long time, the identity of of his death and grew more fanciful with the passing
this ‘Devanampriya Priyadarshi’ remained a puzzle. centuries.
In the year 1915 near a village called Maski in 54. (d) The division of Mauryan society into seven
Raichur District of Karnataka, a rock inscription was classes was particularly mentioned in the ‘Indica’ of
discovered on a hill. In this inscription, for the first Megasthenes.
time, the name of Ashoka was found with titles like 55. (d) Kautilya’s Arthashastra is the most important
Devanampriya and Priyadarshi. It was then certain work on Public Administration in ancient India. It
that Devanampriya Priyadarshi was no other than deals with different aspects of management which
Ashoka. include strategic management, financial management,
42. (b) According to social law of ancient India, a accounting, human resource management, corporate
woman was always considered a minor. Divorce governance, social responsibility, etc.
was prohibited, although it sometimes took place. 56. (b) Bindusara was the son of the first Mauryan
According to the Arthashastra, a wife who had been Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The Greeks called
deserted by her husband could seek a divorce. him Amitrochates or Allitrochades.
History || A-37
57. (c) Srinagar was founded more than 2000 years ago, 74. (b) Hiranya appears as an item of revenue in the
around the 3rd century BC, by King Pravarasena. It land-grants of the period. Hiranya is taken to be the
soon became part of the Mauryan Empire, one of usual taxes paid in cash or in metallic money.
the largest empires in India at the time. The ruling
Mauryan emperor Ashoka built the city of Srinagari
POST-MAURYA PERIOD
(Srinagar). 76. (b) Pushyamitra Sunga was the founder and first
58. (a) Ashoka sent missionaries to neighbouring states King of the Sunga Dynasty in Northern India.
and even to foreign lands. According to tradition, 77. (d) Metronymics is a name derived from the name
the Ceylonese mission was sent under Ashoka’s son of a mother or female ancestor. The metronymics are
Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra. borne by the later Satavahanas and not by the early
60. (a) Kautiyla talked of the various heads of Satavahanas. It was mainly because Satavahanas had
the different branches of the civil service. The to establish matrimonial alliance with maharathis.
superintendent of trade (Panyadhyaksha) was to The metronymics of the Satavahanas was the result
head the commercial service, including internal and of such alliances.
external trade. 78. (c) Kanishka was the king of the Kushan dynasty
that ruled over the northern part of the Indian
63. (a) Chandragupta Maurya stretched his empire
subcontinent, Afghanistan, and possibly regions
from Karnataka to Afghanistan and from the river
north of Kashmir in Central Asia. His territory was
Indus to Bengal. He attacked the Greek Governor
administered from two capitals Purushapura (now
of Punjab, Seleucus Nikator and defeated him. Peshawar in northwestern Pakistan) and Mathura,
There was subsequently a treaty between the two in northern India.
whereby, Seleucus ceded Punjab and Sindh to 79. (c) Charaka was an Ayurvedic physician lived in
Chandragupta and also gave his daughter in marriage the period between the third and second Centuries
to Chandragupta. BC. He was the court physician of the Buddhist king
64. (d) The Mudrarakshasa is a historical play in Kanishka.
Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta that narrates the ascent of 80. (a) Chinese annals tell the story of a Kushana king
the king Chandragupta Maurya to power in India. who was defeated by the General Pan Chao, towards
67. (a) In 3rd century BCE, the great emperor of the end of the first century AD.
Magadha Ashoka started to build thousands of Stupas 81. (b) Gautamiputra Satkarni was called by Vindhya
all over the Indian subcontinent and South Asia. It is Adhipati because his kingdom included the territories
said that 84 thousand Stupas were built by Ashoka of Asika, Assaka, Mulaka, Saurashtra, Kukura,
edicts and guidance. Aparanta, Anupa, Vidarbha, Akara and Avanti and
68. (c) According to the Theravada commentaries and the mountainous regions of Vindhya.
chronicles, the Third Buddhist Council was convened 82. (d) The Kushana period saw a great resurgence of
by the Mauryan king Ashoka at Pataliputra, under the Buddhism in Kashmir, especially during the reign of
Kanishka. The fourth Buddhist Council was held in
leadership of the monk Moggaliputta Tissa.
Kashmir, under the presidency of Katyayaniputra,
69. (c) Chanakya was a famous Indian teacher, who
in Kanishka’s time. The south Indian Buddhist
taught in Takshashila, an ancient Indian university.
philosopher Nagarjuna lived in Kashmir during the
Later, he became royal advisor to the Maurya empire Kushana period.
and helped the mighty ruler Chandragupta Maurya to 83. (b) Kujula Kadphises (30–80 AD) established the
establish the Maurya empire by defeating the Nanda Kushan dynasty in 78 AD by taking advantage of
empire. disunion in existing dynasty of Pahalava (Parthian)
70. (d) Brihadratha Maurya was the last ruler of the and Scytho-Parthians, and gradually wrested control
Mauryan dynasty. He ruled from 187–180 BC. He of southern prosperous region, which is the northwest
was killed by his senapati (commander-in-chief), part of ancient India, traditionally known as Gandhar
Pushyamitra Sunga. (now in Pakistan).
84. (c) Ikshvakus were one of the earliest recorded 94. (b) Satavahana dynasty ruled from Pune in
ruling dynasties of the Krishna-Guntur regions Maharastra to Coastal Andhra Pradesh in the 2nd
of Andhra Pradesh. Their capital Vijayapuri is century BC onwards. Satakarni I was the first
represented by Nagarjunakonda. Satavahana King to introduce the ruler’s head on the
85. (a) Prakrit is a language of ancient and medieval coins. The coins issued by Satavahanas had bilingual
India which is the ancestor of Marathi, Konkani, legends. The name of the Kings was mentioned in
Sinhala and Maldivian. It was used in numerous Prakrit as well as some south Indian language.
works of literature and its literary use was made 95. (b) The Vakataka emperor Pravarasena I performed
famous by the Sanskrit playwright Kalidasa. Prakrit four Asvamedha Yajnas. Vakataka dynasty was the
was commonly spoken until AD 875 and was the most important after the fall of Satavahanas and
official language of the Satavahana dynasty. before the rise of Chalukyas they ruled in modern
86. (c) An important Prakrit inscription at Besnagar of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. They were
the late 2nd century BCE, inscribed at the instance contemporary of Guptas. The dynasty was founded by
of Heliodorus, a Greek envoy of Indo-Greek Vindhyashakti but Pravarasena I was the real founder
ruler Antialcidas to the court of the Sunga king of Vakataka empire.
Bhagabhadra. 96. (d) Spices exported from India to the Roman
87. (d) The coins of the Yaudheyas were influenced empire. Pepper was most important item of export
in design and motif by the coins of the Kushanas. to Greece and Rome. Its export was in such abundant
Kumara Kartikeya was depicted on the most of the quantity that it was called Yavanapriya in the Indian
Yaudheya coins. literature.
88. (c) The family temple (Devakula in Sanskrit) of 97. (a) Pushyamitra was a supporter of the orthodox
the Kushan royal family was where patron deity or brahmanical faith, and revived the ancient Vedic
deities of the Kushanas should be worshipped. Two sacrifice including the horse-sacrifice.
Devakulas so far discovered, one at Surkh Kotal
99. (d) The military character of the Satavahana rule
in South Bactria (Afghanistan) and another one at
is evident from the common use of such terms as
Mat near Mathura in north India. The Devakulas
Kataka and Skandhavaras in their inscriptions. These
contained sculptures of Kushan rulers Kanishka and
were military camps and settlements which served
others.
as administrative centres so long as the king was
89. (b) Vima Kadphises was the Kushan emperor to first
there.
introduce gold coinage, in addition to the existing
100. (b) Arikamedu was an ancient industrial port city
copper and silver coinage. The gold weight standard
located in the South Eastern coast of India near
of approximately eight grams.
Pondicherry. A large hoard of Roman coins found
90. (a) Pliny the Elder, in 77 CE, called “Rome is being
at Arikamedu along with the archaeological remains
drained of its treasure by trading with India” because
of a Roman colony have been discovered.
Roman senators complained that their women used
too many Indian spices and luxuries, which drained 102. (c) The Chedis were the original inhabitants
the Roman Empire of precious metal like gold. of Maddhyadesa. Chedis are known from the
92. (b) According to the Ayodhya inscription of Hatigumpha Pillar inscription. According to this
Dhanadeva, Pushyamitra performed two horse inscription, Mahameghavahana, a member of the
sacrifices. The first one was probably during the time Chedi clan founded the Chedi dynasty. Kharvela was
when Pushyamitra ascended the throne of Pataliputra, the famed king of Chedi dynasty.
ousting the Mauryas and the second sacrifice was 103. (d) The writer of Mahabhasya, Patanjali was a
due to his victory over the Bactrian Greeks and to contemporary of Pushyamitra Sunga. The Sunga
proclaim his dominion. Empire played an imperative role in patronizing
93. (c) Kushan dynasty achieved remarkable milestones Indian culture at a time when some of the most
in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. His decendants important developments in Hindu thought were
called him as Devaputra which means son of gods. taking place.
History || A-39
104. (c) The Rabatak inscription is an inscription written 113. (b) The beginning of the practice of land grants with
on a rock in the Bactrian language and the Greek fiscal and administrative immunities to Brahmins and
script, which was found in 1993 at the site of Rabatak, Buddhist monks was made by the Satavahanas.
near Surkh Kotal in Afghanistan. The inscription 114. (c) The Satavahana kings mostly used lead as the
relates to the rule of the Kushan emperor Kanishka.
material for their coins. Next to lead they used an
He expanded the Kushan empire into the northwest
alloy of silver and copper, called ‘potin’. Most of the
of the Indian subcontinent.
106. (d) When Agnimitra was the crown prince, he Satavahana coins have on one side the figure of an
showed his administrative capability as the governor elephant, horse, lion or Chaitya. The other side shows
of the Vidisha region. By virtue of his courage and the so-called Ujjain symbol – a cross with four circles
heroism, he won many battles for Sunga empire. at the end of the two crossing lines.
His heroic deeds seem to have made him a legendary 115. (a) Rudradaman I was a Saka ruler from the Western
figure. So that Kalidasa, wrote his famous historical Kshatrapas dynasty. He was the grandson of the
drama ‘Malavikagnimitram’, depicting Prince celebrated Sah king Chastana. Rudradaman I was
Agnimitra as the hero of the drama.
instrumental in the decline of the Satavahana empire.
109. (b) The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was
117. (d) The Nanaghat inscriptions appear to suggest that
Simuka. He conquered Maharashtra, Malwa and part
of Madhya Pradesh. He was succeeded by his brother King Satakarni was the son of Simuka Satavahana
Kanha who further extended his kingdom to the west and the husband of queen Naganika.
and the south. 122. (d) Gondophares was representative of the House
110. (c) The great rulers of the Satavahana dynasty of Suren in Balochistan as well as founder and first
Gautamiputra Satakarni and Sri Yajna Satakarni were king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom and dynasty.
able to defeat the foreign invaders like the Western 123. (a) Gathasaptasati was written by the Satavahana
Kshatrapas and stop their expansion. ruler Hall in Prakrit language. The book contains the
111. (d) Devabhuti was the last Sunga ruler who was
description of love stories of the king Hall. This book
killed by his own minister Vasudeva Kanva in around
73 BC and founded the Kanva dynasty. is an example of ancient Muktak-kavya.
4
Gupta and
Post Gupta Period
1. Who among the following Gupta kings had 9. Who among the following was the ruler of Kanchi
another name Devagupta? during the time of Samudragupta?
(a) Chandragupta I (b) Samudragupta (a) Hastivarman (b) Mantaraya
(c) Chandragupta II (d) Kumargupta (c) Nilaraja (d) Vishnugopa
2. Who among the following Gupta kings ascended 10. The guild which migrated from Lata to Daspura
the throne in the year 56 of Gupta era? during the time of Kumargupta, traded in
(a) Samudragupta (b) Chandragupta II (a) Jewels (b) Horses
(c) Kumargupta (d) Skandgupta (c) Silken textile (d) Ivory
3. Which one of the following was the biggest hoard 11. The Gupta ruler who defeated the Hunas was
of Gupta coins? (a) Samudragupta (b) Chandragupta II
(a) Basti hoard (b) Bayana hoard (c) Kumargupta (d) Skandgupta
(c) Hajipur hoard (d) Kotawa hoard 12. Which inscription of the Gupta period gives
4. During Gupta period, which deity was called details regarding the sale of land?
Lokarka? (a) Junagarh inscription
(a) Sun (b) Ganesha (b) Bhitari pillar inscription
(c) Kumara (d) Shiva (c) Begram copper plane
5. The guild organization described in the Mandsore (d) Damodarpur copper plate
13. Who was the first ruler of Gupta dynasty to
inscription of Kumaragupta was known as
assume the title of ‘Maharajadhiraja?
(a) Tantuvaya (b) Dantakara
(a) Srigupta (b) Chandragupta I
(c) Kulika (d) Tailika
(c) Samudragupta (d) Chandragupta II
6. Which one of the following was a land measure
14. In the Gupta inscription who has been called
in Gupta period?
“Lichchhavi Dauhitra” ?
(a) Dharaka (b) Karsha
(a) Chandragupta I (b) Samudragupta
(c) Nivartana (d) Vimsopaka (c) Chandragupta II (d) Skandgupta
7. The word Dinara used for the gold coins in the 15. Who of the following Gupta kings was first to
Gupta inscription is derived from issue silver coins?
(a) Sanskrit (b) Greek (a) Chandragupta I (b) Samudragupta
(c) Chinese (d) Latin (c) Chandragupta II (d) Kumargupta
8. What was the main objective of Sultan Mahmud’s 16. The Gupta gold coins were known as
Indian conquests? (a) Dramma (b) Karsapana
(a) Propagation of Religion (c) Dinar (d) Niska
(b) Extension of Empire 17. Prabhavati Gupta was the daughter of
(c) Acquisition of Wealth (a) Chandragupta I (b) Chandragupta II
(d) None of these (c) Kumargupta (d) Skandgupta
History || A-41
18. Who of the following kings is depicted as playing 28. The travel account of Fa hien is known as
on a flute on his coins? (a) Si-yu-ki (b) Yen-tu
(a) Menander (b) Skandgupta (c) Fo-kwo-ki (d) Fa-chien
(c) Samudragupta (d) Kumargupta 29. Who has complimented Samudragupta as the
19. The concept of Trimurti was promulgated during ‘Indian Napoleon’ ?
the (a) Radhakumud Mukherji
(a) Mauryan period (b) Post-Mauryan period (b) V.A. Smith
(c) Gupta period (d) Post-Gupta period
(c) R.N. Dandekar
20. Which of the following rulers started Gupta
(d) R.C. Majumdar
currency system?
30. The Hunes invaded India during the reign of
(a) Srigupta (b) Chandragupta I
(c) Samudragupta (d) Chandragupta II (a) Chandragupta II (b) Kumargupta- I
21. The first Gupta ruler to assume the title of ‘Param (c) Skandgupta (d) Budhagupta
Bhagawata’ was 31. The silver coins issued by the Guptas were called
(a) Chandragupta I (b) Samudragupta (a) Rupaka (b) Karshapana
(c) Chandragupta II (d) Kumargupta (c) Dinara (d) Pana
22. The officer responsible for the safe custody of 32. Out of eighteen rulers of the family at least one
land records during the Gupta period was known -third were women. This statement is applicable
as to
(a) Dhruvadhikarana (b) Karanika (a) Bhaumakaras (b) Chalukyas
(c) Samaharta (d) Shaulkika (c) Rastrakutas (d) Kakatiyas
23. Who among the following is known as the 33. Which ruler suffered defeat at the hands of
‘Napoleon of India’ ? Samudragupta?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(a) Rudradev (b) Prithvisena
(b) Samudragupta
(c) Pravarasena (d) Damodarsena
(c) Chandragupta II
34. The word Vishti means
(d) Harshvardhan
24. The first inscriptional evidence of Satipratha has (a) Forced labour
been found from (b) Irrigation tax
(a) Eran (b) Junagarh (c) Rights of slaves
(c) Mandsaur (d) Sanchi (d) Property of women
25. Which of the following was a strong centre of the 35. The royal emblem used by the Gupta period was
Pasupatas during the time of Chandragupta II? (a) Lakshmi (b) Varaha
(a) Mathura (b) Kaushambi (c) Garuda (d) Bull
(c) Tripuri (d) Udaigiri 36. Who among the following issued the largest
26. Which one of the following epithets does not number of gold coins?
belong to Samudragupta? (a) Satavahanas (b) Kushanas
(a) Lichhavi Dauhitrah (c) Chalukyas (d) Guptas
(b) Sarvarajochhetta 37. Expansion of agricultural land took place on the
(c) Aswamedha Parakramah
largest scale in which period ?
(d) Vikramaditya
(a) Pre-Mauryan age
27. Who among the following was the mother of
(b) Mauryan age
Prabhavati Gupta?
(a) Kumardevi (b) Kuberanaga (c) Post-Mauryan age
(c) Dhruvadevi (d) None of these (d) Gupta age
A-42 || Gupta and Post Gupta Period
38. Who among the following credited with authoring 48. Which of the following was the official language
Brihatsamhita? of Gupta period ?
(a) Brahmagupta (b) Varahamihira (a) Pali (b) Prakrit
(c) Bhaskara (d) Aryabhatta (c) Magadhi (d) Sanskrit
39. Which of the following contains the description 49. Who of the following organised Ashwamedha
of the king Dushyant of Hastinapur? Yajana?
(a) Mrichhkatikam (a) Bindusar (b) Samudragupta
(c) Chandragupta I (d) Skandgupta
(b) Mundrarakshas
50. Which one of the following periods marks the
(c) Abhigyanashakuntalam
beginning of the Indian temple architecture?
(d) Hitopadesh (a) Nand (b) Maurya
40. Which among the following is known for his (c) Sunga (d) Gupta
work on medicine during the Gupta period? 51. Aryabhatta and Varahamihira belong to which
(a) Sudraka (b) Shaunaka age?
(c) Sushruta (d) Saumilla (a) Maurya (b) Kushana
41. During which Gupta king’s reign did the Chinese (c) Gupta (d) Cholas
traveller Fa hien visit India? 52. Who was the author of Mandasore inscription?
(a) Chandragupta I (a) Veersena (b) Harisena
(b) Chandragupta II (c) Vatsabhatta (d) Banabhatta
(c) Samudragupta 53. Kumarsambhavam describes the story of the birth
(d) Skandgupta of
42. Who was the first known Gupta ruler? (a) Kartikeya (b) Pradyamna
(a) Srigupta (b) Ghatotakacha (c) Abhimanyu (d) Sanatkumara
54. Who of the following Gupta kings granted
(c) Chandragupta I (d) Budhagupta
permission to Meghverma, the ruler of Sri Lanka
43. Which of the following literary works did not
to build a Buddhist temple at Gaya?
belong to the Gupta period? (a) Chandragupta I
(a) Amarakosa (b) Chandragupta II
(b) Abhigyanashakuntalam (c) Samudragupta
(c) Charaka Samhita (d) Skandgupta
(d) Mrichhakatikam 55. Who was the author of legal treatise ‘Nitisara’?
44. The Prayaga Prasasti inscription is associated (a) Veersena (b) Harisena
with which one of the following? (c) Vishakhadutta (d) Kamandaka
(a) Mahapadmanand (b) Kanishka 56. In the Gupta administration, who was Purpala?
(c) Chandragupta II (d) Samudragupta (a) Administrator of village
45. Balaiyankutai in the pallava age was the name of (b) Administrator of town
(a) A scholar (b) A Goddess (c) Administrator of capital
(c) A pond or tank (d) A temple (d) Administrator of conquered territories
46. During the reign of which dynasties, did Kalidasa 57. The Nagars style of architecture development
mostly in
flourish?
(a) North India (b) South India
(a) Mauryas (b) Sungas
(c) East India (d) West India
(c) Guptas (d) Post Guptas 58. Who was the last ruler of the imperial Gupta
47. Kumar sambhavam an epic was composed by family?
(a) Chandbardai (b) Harisen (a) Ramagupta (b) Buddhagupta
(c) Banabhatta (d) Kalidasa (c) Kumargupta (d) Vishnugupta
History || A-43
59. In which century, did the famous Chinese pilgrim 70. Who was the author of Kamasutra?
Fa hien visit India? (a) Kalidasa (b) Vatsyayan
(a) 4th century AD (b) 5th century AD (c) Kamandak (d) Chandragomin
(c) 6th century AD (d) 7th century AD 71. Who was the founder of Nyaya Darshan?
60. The decimal numeral system, including the (a) Patanjali (b) Gautam
concept of zero was invented in India during (c) Kapil (d) Jaimini
which one of the following dynasties? 72. Who was the court poet of Kumargupta?
(a) Nanda (b) Maurya (a) Kalidasa (b) Veersena
(c) Gupta (d) Pala (c) Vatsabhatti (d) Vishnusharma
61. In the courtyard of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque 73. Who explained that the earth rotates on its axis
of Delhi, stands the famous iron pillar in the but revolves round the sun?
memory of
(a) Bhashkar (b) Brahmagupta
(a) Ashoka
(c) Varahamihir (d) Aryabhatta
(b) Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Chandragupta I 74. Which was the second capital of Chandragupta
(d) Chandragupta II Vikramaditya ?
62. Sudraka’s Mrichhakatikam is a (a) Rajagriha (b) Mathura
(a) Novel (b) Drama (c) Ujjain (d) Vidisha
(c) Poem (d) Short story 75. Who established Nalanda University?
63. The six distinct schools of Indian philosophy (a) Chandragupta I
Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaishasika, Mimansa, (b) Chandragupta II
Vedanta became fully articulated during the (c) Kumargupta
(a) Vedic period (d) Skandgupta
(b) Maurya period 76. During which period, the great epics of Ramayan
(c) Buddha period and Mahabharat were given the final form?
(d) Gupta period (a) Nanda period
64. Who was the author of a famous Ayurvedic text (b) Maurya period
Ashtanghriday? (c) Post Maurya period
(a) Vagbhatta (b) Charaka (d) Gupta period
(c) Dhanvantari (d) Nagarjuna 77. What was the land revenue during Gupta period?
65. Ujjain is a birth place of (a) 1/2 (b) 1/3
(a) Aryabhatta (b) Bhaskar (c) 2/3 (d) 1/6 to 1/4
(c) Bramhagupta (d) Varahamihira 78. Where was the centre of higher education during
66. Who was the author of Amarkosha? Gupta period?
(a) Chandragomina (b) Amarsingh
(a) Nalanda (b) Vidisha
(c) Amar Kanta (d) Kalidasa
(c) Pataliputra (d) Takshashila
67. In Gupta period, which of the languages used by
79. Which period is known as golden age of Indian
the people of low society level and women?
(a) Sanskrit (b) Magadhi history?
(c) Pali (d) Prakrit (a) Vedic period (b) Nanda period
68. Who among the following was called Shakespeare (c) Maurya period (d) Gupta period
of India? 80. Who was Dhanavantri?
(a) Kalidas (b) Patanjali (a) A Chemist (b) A Physician
(c) Chanakya (d) Gautam (c) A Philosopher (d) A Surgeon
69. Who of the following was the author of 81. Who declared the ‘Law of Gravity’ long before
Meghadoota? the Newton’s law ?
(a) Vishakhdatta (b) Vishnusharma (a) Aryabhatta (b) Prithuyasas
(c) Kalidas (d) Bhashkar (c) Brahmagupta (d) Varahamihira
82. Gold coins attributed to Harsha depict on the 93. Who among the following foreign invaders
reverse sacked the Temple of Somnath?
(a) Avalokitesvara (b) Tara (a) Changez Khan
(c) Surya (d) Shiva-Parvati (b) Amir Timur
83. Who is credited with the establishment of the (c) Mahmud of Ghazni
Vikramashila Mahavihara? (d) Muhammad Ghori
(a) Harsha (b) Bhaskaravarman 94. Rajashekhara, the author of ‘Karpurmanjari’, was
(c) Dharmapala (d) Vijayasena the teacher of
84. The famous commentator of Vedic literature, (a) Mahendrapala I (b) Narsimhavarma II
associated with the Paramaras was (c) Bhoja parmara (d) Yuvarajadeva II
(a) Apararka (b) Kshirasvamin 95. Who among the following established the
(c) Soyana (d) Uvata Somapura Mahavihara, a good educational centre
85. Ladies had comparatively a greater participation of the time?
in administration under (a) Dharmapal (b) Mahipala
(a) Chalukyas (b) Cholas (c) Nayapala (d) Rajyapala
(c) Kalachuris (d) Pratiharas 96. Who was the Chola king under whose
86. Who among the following exposed evils of the reign Brihadishwar Temple of Tanjore was
contemporary society by his satirical writings? constructed?
(a) Vishakhadatta (b) Banabhatta (a) Rajendra I (b) Kulottevnga I
(c) Rajaraja I (d) Rajadhiraj I
(c) Kalhana (d) Kshemendra
97. How many students were studying in the Nalanda
87. Who among the following considered themselves
University as mentioned by Hiuen Tsang?
‘Brahma-Kshatriya’?
(a) 8,000 (b) 10,000
(a) Chalukyas (b) Cholas
(c) 12,000 (d) 15,000
(c) Palas (d) Senas
98. Who among the following rulers had granted
88. The term ‘Mandapika’ occurring in early medieval
one lakh balotras from his own treasury for the
inscriptions denotes
restoration of a mosque at Khambhat?
(a) Hermitage (b) Custom house
(a) Bhima I
(c) Rest house (d) Assembly hall
(b) Chamundaraya
89. Who among the following assumed the title
(c) Jayasimha Siddharaja
‘Nihsanka - ‘Sankara’ ?
(d) Kumarapala
(a) Basava (b) Sankaracharya 99. Who among the following had the title
(c) Rajendra Chola (d) Ballalasen ‘Amoghavarsha’ ?
90. Who is the last king described in the Rajatarangini (a) Munja Paramara
of Kalhna? (b) Rajendra Chola
(a) Anantavarman (b) Chandrapida (c) Govinda Chandra Gahadavala
(c) Jayasimha (d) Muktapida (d) None of these
91. Who among the following is considered to be the 100. The evidence of water-tax is provided by the
author of the Sangitaraja? inscriptions of
(a) Bhoja (b) Hemadri (a) Pratiharas (b) Gahadavala
(c) Krishnadevaraya (d) Rana Kumbha (c) Chalukyas (d) Rashtrakutas
92. Who among the following was the patron of the 101. Which among the following is not found inscribed
Kota school of painting? on Chola coins?
(a) Balawant Singh (b) Govardhan Singh (a) Fish (b) Bow
(c) Savant Singh (d) Umed Singh (c) Tiger (d) Elephant
History || A-45
102. A Chaitya Hall at which of the following 112. Who was ruling the Chola kingdom at the time of
places was built largely by the donation of the Mahmud Ghazni’s expedition of Somnath?
Yavanas? (a) Uttama Chola (b) Rajaraja I
(a) Ajanta (b) Bhaja (c) Rajendra I (d) Kulotenga
(c) Junnar (d) Karle 113. Gangai Kondacholapuram became the adminis-
103. Who among the following rulers of the Chola trative centre of the Cholas from the time of
dynasty carried out the first naval expedition (a) Parantaka (b) Rajendra I
against South-East Asia? (c) Rajaraja I (d) Vikrama Chola
(a) Rajadhiraja (b) Rajaraja I 114. The Chola rulers were generally the worshippers
(c) Rajendra I (d) Vira Rajendra
of
104. Who destroyed the Nalanda University in 1202
(a) Shiva (b) Vishnu
AD ?
(c) Sakti (d) Kartikeya
(a) Muhammad Ghori
(b) Bakhtiyar Khalji 115. Rajasekhara’s marriage to Avantisundari is an
(c) Mahmud of Ghazni example of
(d) Qutbuddin Aibak (a) Sagotra marriage
105. Who among the following has been criticized by (b) Savarna marriage
Kalhana for confiscating the temple treasure? (c) Anuloma marriage
(a) Avantivarman (b) Didda (d) Pratiloma marriage
(c) Harsha (d) Lalitaditya 116. Who shifted the Chahamana capital from Sambhar
106. The Kaivarta rebellion occurred in Bengal during to Ajmer?
the reign of (a) Ajayaraja (b) Arnoraja
(a) Devapala (b) Vigrahapala (c) Vighraharaja (d) Prithviraja III
(c) Mahipala II (d) Ramapala 117. Kumardevi, the Queen of Govindachandra
107. Who among the following Rashtrakuta rulers is Gahadavala, constructed Dharmachakra-jina-
known to have made the ‘Hiranya-garbha-dana’ vihar at
at Ujjaini? (a) Bodhgaya (b) Kushinagar
(a) Dantidurga (b) Dhruva (c) Kannauj (d) Sarnath
(c) Govinda III (d) Amoghavarsha 118. Who among the following issued coins with
108. Which among the following coin names occur in seated Lakshmi on one side and ruler’s name in
the Pratihara inscriptions?
Devanagri on the other?
(a) Satamana (b) Nishka
(a) Mohammad Ghori (b) Mahmud Ghazni
(c) Dramma (d) Dinara
(c) Jainul Abidin (d) Akbar
109. Who among the following levied Turushka-
danda? 119. The Huna princess Avalladevi was the Queen of
(a) Gahadavalas (b) Chandellas (a) Gangeyadeva (b) Karna
(c) Chahamanas (d) Shahis (c) Dharmapala (d) Kumarapala
110. Which of the following sources provides a vivid 120. The Kirti-Stambha at Chittor was built by
description of Sindh? (a) Rana Sanga (b) Rana Kumbha
(a) Khazainul Futuh (b) Tarikh-i-Firoz-Shahi (c) Rana Pratap (d) Rana Udaisingh
(c) Insha-i-mehru (d) Chachnamah 121. Harsha had assumed the title
111. The ethnic composition of the armies of (a) Parama-Bhagavata
Ghaznavids did not include the (b) Parama-Mahesvara
(a) Arabs (b) Indians (c) Parama-Saugata
(c) Tajiks (d) Greeks (d) Parama-Adityabhah
122. The Chola rulers were generally 131. ‘Niralamba Saraswati’ thus lamented a poet at the
(a) Saivites demise of
(b) Vaisnavites (a) Chahmana Visaladeva
(c) Worshippers of Mother goddess (b) Chandela Kirtivarma
(d) Worshippers of Kartikeya (c) Mihira Bhoja
123. Who among the following took strong steps to (d) Bhoja Paramara
stop gambling in his state? 132. The Vikramshila Mahavihara, the renowed
(a) Bhoja Paramara educational centre of Pala period at
(b) Kalchuri Karna (a) Antichak (b) Aphasad
(c) Kumarapala (c) Basarh (d) Chandimau
(d) Jayasimha Siddharaja 133. Which of the following temples does not belong
124. The Turkish brought with them musical to the Cholas?
instruments (a) Brihadishwara (b) Koranganatha
(a) Rabab and Sarangi (c) Kalilashnatha (d) Airavateshwar
(b) Sitar and Flute 134. Who of the following Rajput rulers gave donation
(c) Veena and Tabla for the reconstruction of a mosque?
(d) Tanpura and Mridang (a) Mihir Bhoja (b) Bhoja Parmar
125. Jonaraja, in his Rajatarangini, continued the historical (c) Prithviraj III (d) Jaisingh Siddharaj
narration of Kalhana upto 135. Which dynasty do the Arab writers refer to when
(a) Jayasimha they say that the women did not cover their faces
(b) Sultan Sikandar with veil?
(c) Sultan Zainul Abidin (a) Pala (b) Pratihara
(d) Muhammad Shah (c) Rashtrakutas (d) Cholas
126. Who among the following is famous for his 136. Which one of the following Chola rulers had
commentary on Manusmriti? persecuted Ramanuja and Ousted him from his
Kingdom?
(a) Visvarupa (b) Vijnanesvara
(a) Kulotunga I (b) Kulotunga II
(c) Medhatithi (d) Apararka
(c) Adhirajendra (d) Rajaraja I
127. Harsha’s military expansion in the Deccan was
137. Which of the following refers to ‘Pushyabhuti’ as
checked by
the founder of the Vardhana dynasty?
(a) Mahendravarman (b) Dantidurga
(a) Kadambari
(c) Rajendra (d) Pulkesin II
(b) Harshacharita
128. The first meeting of Ghosal with Mahavira Swami
(c) Banskhera Inscription of Harsha
was held at
(d) Yuan-Chwang
(a) Champa (b) Vaishali
138. Which Chola emperor received a letter on golden
(c) Takshashila (d) Nalanda leaves from the Burmese king Kyansittha?
129. Who of the following adopted Garuda’s dynasty (a) Rajaraja I (b) Rajendra I
emblem after the imperial Guptas? (c) Kulottunga I (d) Rajadhiraja I
(a) Rashtrakutas (b) Western Chalukyas 139. Which one of the following was the primary
(c) Shilaharas (d) Chedis assembly in the Chola village administration?
130. The north Indian dynasties that confronted the (a) Nadu (b) Sabha
Rashtrakutas were (c) Ur (d) Mahasabha
(a) The Pratiharas and the Paramaras 140. A Chalukya inscription is dated in the year 556 of
(b) The Palas and the Chandelas the Saka era. It is equivalent to
(c) The Pratiharas and the Palas (a) 478 AD (b) 499 AD
(d) The Chalukyas and the Chahamans (c) 613 AD (d) 634 AD
History || A-47
141. Vikramshila Mahavihar was established by the 151. Who sent Heiun-Tsang as an envoy to Harsha’s
ruler of court?
(a) Pushyabhuti dynasty (a) Tai Tsung (b) Tung-Kuan
(b) Barman dynasty (c) Ku Yen-wa (d) None of these
(c) Sen dynasty 152. Where was the capital of Sasanka?
(d) Pala dynasty (a) Samatata (b) Tamralipta
142. Which dynasty constructed the Ellora Kailash (c) Karna-swarna (d) Lakhmawati
Temple? 153. Emperor Harsha’s southward march was stopped
(a) Rashtrakuta (b) Satvahan on the Narmada river by
(c) Maurya (d) Pulkasya
(a) Pulkesin I (b) Pulkesin II
143. The Lakshman Era was started by which of the
(c) Vikramaditya I (d) Vikramaditya II
following dynasty?
154. Who built the Khajuraho temples?
(a) Pratiharas (b) Palas
(c) Chauhans (d) Senas (a) Holkars (b) Scindias
144. Kumaradevi, a queen of Govinda Chandra (c) Bundela (d) Chandela
Gahadavala, constructed Dharma-chakra-Jina 155. Arabs were defeated in 738 AD by
Vihara at (a) Pratiharas (b) Rashtrakutas
(a) Bodhgaya (b) Rajgrih (c) Palas (d) Chalukyas
(c) Kushinagar (d) Sarnath 156. The Dilwara temple is located at
145. Which of the following dynasties frequently (a) Bhubaneswar (b) Aurangabad
assigned to the ladies high ranking positions in (c) Khajuraho (d) Mount Abu
administration? 157. Who founded the four Mathas in the four corners
(a) Chola (b) Chalukya of India?
(c) Pala (d) Sena (a) Shankaracharya (b) Ramanujacharya
146. Which of the following was not composed by (c) Bhaskaracharya (d) Madhvacharya
Harshavardhana? 158. The Lingaraja Temple built during the medieval
(a) Harshacharita (b) Ratnavali period is at
(c) Priyadarshika (d) Nagananda (a) Bhubaneswar (b) Khajuraho
147. In which court was a Chinese embassy sent by (c) Madurai (d) Mount Abu
T’ang emperor? 159. The presiding deity of Bhojsala Temple is
(a) Rajaraja I (b) Rajendra I
(a) Goddess Durga
(c) Harshavardhana (d) Prantaka I
(b) Goddess Laxmi
148. The Rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram were
(c) Goddess Saraswati
built under the patronage of the
(a) Chola kings (b) Pandya kings (d) Goddess Parvati
(c) Pallava kings (d) Satavahan kings 160. Which one of the following is not a feature of
149. Who wrote the ‘Harshacharita’? North Indian temple architecture?
(a) Kalidasa (b) Banabhatta (a) Shikhara (b) Garbha Griha
(c) Vishnugupta (d) Parimalgupta (c) Gopuram (d) Pradakshina-path
150. The religious conferences were held by king 161. Rath Temples at Mahabalipuram were built in the
Harshavardhana at reign of which Pallava ruler?
(a) Kannauj and Prayag (a) Mahendravarman
(b) Prayag and Thaneshwar (b) Narasinghvarman I
(c) Thaneshwar and Vallabhi (c) Parameshwarvarman
(d) Vallabhi and Prayag (d) Nandivarman I
162. Which one of the following Chola kings (a) Kautilya (b) Sudraka
conquered Ceylon (Sinhal) first ? (c) Rajasekhara (d) Dandin
(a) Aditya I (b) Rajaraja I 170. Sugandhadevi who issued coins with the figure of
(c) Rajendra (d) Vijayalaya seated Lakshmi was a Queen of
163. The Seven Pagodas of Mahabalipuram are a (a) Karnataka (b) Kashmir
witness to the art patronised by the (c) Orissa (d) Saurashtra
(a) Pallavas (b) Pandyas 171. Who among the following believed in the theory
(c) Cholas (d) Cheras of Bheda-bhed?
164. At which of the following places is the famous
(a) Vallabhacharya (b) Nimbarakacharya
Kailasha Temple located?
(c) Madhvacharya (d) Ramanujacharya
(a) Ajanta (b) Badami
172. Which one of the following is the smallest
(c) Chittor (d) Ellora
measure?
165. The famous Idol of Gomteshwar and famous Jain
temple is situated at (a) Adhaka (b) Kumbha
(a) Hampi (b) Srirangapattam (c) Khari (d) Drona
(c) Sravanbelgola (d) Mysore 173. Astanga Samgraha is a text on
166. ‘Ramayan’ the Tamil version of the great epic (a) Astronomy (b) Philosophy
Ramayana was made by (c) Polity (d) Medicine
(a) Kamban (b) Avvaiyar 174. Which of the following places was known as
(c) Ilango Adigal (d) None of these Mahodaya?
167. Which one of the following is not a work on (a) Allahabad (b) Kannauj
architecture? (c) Ujjain (d) Pataliputra
(a) Manasare 175. Which of the following Orissan temples has a
(b) Samarangana Sutradhara Sikhar of Dravidian style?
(c) Mahavastu (a) Jagannath (b) Lingaraj
(d) Mayamata (c) Rajarani (d) Vaital Devl
168. Which one of the following was a land measure? 176. Which of the following temples was a well
(a) Dharaka (b) Karsha known centre of higher education?
(c) Nivartana (d) Vimsopaka (a) Dasavatar Temple at Devogarh
169. Which of the following writers has mentioned (b) Sasbahu Temple at Gwalior
the river Narmada as the dividing line between (c) Shore Temple at Mamallapuram
Aryavartta and Daksinapatha? (d) Trayipurusha Temple at Salotgi
History || A-49
ANSWER KEY
1. (c) 24. (a) 47. (d) 70. (b) 93. (c) 116. (a) 139. (c) 162. (b)
2. (b) 25. (a) 48. (d) 71. (b) 94. (a) 117. (d) 140. (a) 163. (a)
3. (b) 26. (d) 49. (b) 72. (c) 95. (a) 118. (a) 141. (d) 164. (d)
4. (a) 27. (b) 50. (d) 73. (d) 96. (a) 119. (a) 142. (a) 165. (c)
5. (a) 28. (c) 51. (c) 74. (c) 97. (b) 120. (b) 143. (d) 166. (a)
6. (c) 29. (b) 52. (a) 75. (c) 98. (c) 121. (b) 144. (d) 167. (c)
7. (d) 30. (c) 53. (a) 76. (d) 99. (d) 122. (a) 145. (b) 168. (c)
8. (c) 31. (a) 54. (c) 77. (d) 100. (b) 123. (c) 146. (a) 169. (c)
9. (d) 32. (a) 55. (d) 78. (a) 101. (d) 124. (a) 147. (c) 170. (b)
10. (c) 33. (a) 56. (d) 79. (d) 102. (d) 125. (c) 148. (c) 171. (b)
11. (d) 34. (a) 57. (a) 80. (b) 103. (c) 126. (c) 149. (b) 172. (a)
12. (d) 35. (c) 58. (d) 81. (c) 104. (b) 127. (d) 150. (a) 173. (d)
13. (b) 36. (d) 59. (b) 82. (d) 105. (c) 128. (d) 151. (a) 174. (b)
14. (b) 37. (d) 60. (c) 83. (c) 106. (c) 129. (a) 152. (c) 175. (d)
15. (c) 38. (b) 61. (d) 84. (d) 107. (a) 130. (c) 153. (b) 176. (d)
16. (c) 39. (c) 62. (b) 85. (a) 108. (c) 131. (d) 154. (d)
17. (b) 40. (c) 63. (d) 86. (a) 109. (a) 132. (a) 155. (a)
18. (c) 41. (b) 64. (a) 87. (d) 110. (d) 133. (c) 156. (d)
19. (c) 42. (a) 65. (c) 88. (c) 111. (d) 134. (d) 157. (a)
20. (b 43. (d) 66. (b) 89. (d) 112. (c) 135. (d) 158. (a)
21. (c) 44. (d) 67. (d) 90. (c) 113. (b) 136. (a) 159. (c)
22. (b) 45. (c) 68. (a) 91. (a) 114. (a) 137. (b) 160. (c)
23. (b) 46. (c) 69. (c) 92. (d) 115. (c) 138. (d) 161. (b)
Hints & Solutions

1. (c) The Gupta king, Chandragupta II had and Malwa (central India). To strengthen his
another name Devagupta. Chandragupta II was southern flank, he made marriage arrangements for
the third, and most significant of the Gupta kings his daughters with southern dynasties. In different
(C.375–C.415). Inheriting a large empire, he inscriptions, Chandragupta II also named as Devasri
extended his control to Gujarat (north of Bombay) and Devaraja in various inscriptions.
2. (b) Chandragupta II ascended the throne in the year 7. (d) The word Dinara used for the gold coins in the
56 of Gupta era. In 319, Chandragupta created for gupta inscription is derived from Latin. The main
himself the title King of Kings (Maharajadhiraja), purpose behind the choice of Gupta coin designs
and he extended his rule westward to Prayaga, seems to have been one of political propaganda.
in north-central India. Ten years into his rule, The king is always shown in ways that emphasize
Chandragupta lay dying, and he told his son, his status as a great ruler and heroic warrior. The
Samudragupta, to rule the whole world. His son representations are idealized images that adhere
tried. Samudragupta’s forty-five years of rule would to the strict contemporary artistic concepts of the
be described as one vast military campaign. He perfect human form.
waged war along the Ganges plain, overwhelming 8. (c) Acquisition of wealth was the main objective
nine kings and incorporating their subjects and of Sultan Mahmud’s Indian conquests. In 1001,
lands into the Gupta empire. Mahmud of Ghazni had first invaded India. Mahmud
3. (b) Bayana was the biggest hoard of Gupta era’s
defeated, captured and later released Shahi ruler
coins. The collection and study of coins is known
Jaya Pala who had moved his capital to Peshawar.
as Numismatics. The bayana hoard of coins was
Jaya Pala killed himself and was succeeded by
discovered by A.S. Altekar. Mr. Altekar, the person
his son Ananda Pala. In 1005, Mahmud of Ghazni
who had hoarded the coins might be a collector
invaded Bhatia (probably Bhera) and in 1006 he
himself since most of the Gupta dynasty coins
invaded Multan at which time Ananda Pala’s army
spanning 200+ years were found together in a single
vessel. The Bayan is the place in Rajasthan. attacked him.
4. (a) During Gupta period, sun was called Lokarka. 9. (d) Vishnugopa was the ruler of Kanchi during
The Gupta period developed a form of sculpture the time of Samudragupta. In the southern Pallava
that was wholly Indian, the foreign influences that kingdom of Kanchipuram, he defeated king
had crept in the Gandhara and Mathura schools Vishnugopa, then restored him and other defeated
of arts disappeared. Most sculptures focused on southern kings to their thrones on payment of
religious and spiritual themes, like the Buddha or tribute. Several northern kings were uprooted,
Hindu gods like Vishnu and Shiv. The art had been however, and their territories added to the Gupta
highly developed and the sculptures were exquisite. empire. At the height of Samudragupta’s power,
5. (a) The guild organization described in the he controlled nearly all of the valley of the Ganges
Mandsore inscription of Kumargupta was known as (Ganga) river and received homage from rulers of
Tantuvaya. This inscription informs us that he was parts of east Bengal, Assam, Nepal, the eastern part
a feudatory of the Gupta emperor Kumargupta I. It of the Punjab, and various tribes of Rajasthan.
was during his reign, a temple dedicated to Surya 10. (c) The guild which migrated from Lata to
was constructed by the guild of silk-weavers at Daspura during the time of Kumargupta traded in
Dashapura in the Malava Samvat 493 (436 CE). silken textile.
This temple was renovated in 473 CE by the same 11. (d) Skandgupta was the Gupta ruler who defeated
guild. the Hunas.Soon after his accession, Skandagupta
6. (c) Nivartana was a land measure in Gupta had to face the Hunas who had already proved
period. Different land measures were known in themselves to be terror to both Europe and Asia.
different regions, such as Nivartana, Kulyavapa and About the middle of the fifth century AD, one branch
Dronavapa. The importance of irrigation to help of the Hunas known as White Hunas occupied the
agriculture was recognized in India from the earliest Oxus valley and threatened both Persia and India.
times. According to Narada, there are two kinds of They conquered Gandhara and threatened the very
dykes the bardhya which protected the field from existence of the Gupta empire. Skandgupta inflicted
floods and the Khaya which served the purpose of such a terrible defeat upon the Hunas that they dared
irrigation. not disturb the empire for nearly half a century.
History || A-51
12. (d) Damodarpur copper plate inscription of the and it was not until about 100 AD that the Kushan
Gupta period gives details regarding the sale of emperor Vima Kadaphises introduced the first
land. Damodarpur (in Dinajpur District) Copper Indian gold coin, which was a gold dinar bearing the
Plate No.1 of Kumargupta I (443–444AD) is image of Shiva. So India’s history of issuing gold
probably the most important for a knowledge coins dates back almost 2,000 years.
of local administrative pattern and is the most 17. (b) Prabhavati Gupta was the daughter of
popular source for historians. It refers to Visayapati Chandragupta II. Prabhavatigupta was married to
Kumaramatya Vetravarman, who was appointed the powerful Vakataka dynasty ruler Rudrasena II
by (Tanniyukta) the Uparika Ciratadatta, Governor (r.380–385 CE). Rudrasena II, died fortuitously
of Pundravardhana Bhukti. Vetravarman being in- after a very short reign in 385 CE, following which
charge of Kotivarsa Visaya (dist.) administered the Queen Prabhavati Gupta (r. 385–405) ruled the
government of the locality in the Administrative Vakataka kingdom as a regent on behalf of her two
Board in company of Dhrtipala, the Nagaraśresthi, sons. During this twenty-year period, the Vakataka
Bandhumitra, the Sarthavaha, Dhrtimitra – the realm was practically a part of the Gupta empire.
Prathamakulika and Śambapala – the Prathama 18. (c) Samudragupta is depicted as playing on a flute
Kayastha. They were seen to come together and on his coins. It was played with the strings being kept
consult on the sales of land. parallel to the body of the player, with both hands
13. (b) Chandragupta I was the first ruler of Gupta plucking the strings, as shown on Samudragupta’s
dynasty to assume the title of ‘Maharajadhiraja’ gold coins. Early literary sources of an ancient
Chandragupta I assumed the high-sounding title of instrument called the Saptatantree Veenaa (7-string
Maharajadhiraja (Great king of Kings). Conceding Veenaa) seem to coincide generally with the type of
the importance of his wife, Chandragupta issued instrument represented on the coin.
gold coins in the joint names of himself, his 19. (c) The concept of Trimurti was propgated during
queent Kumaradevi and the Lichchhavi nation. the Gupta period. Trimurti is a Hinduism concept
Emboldened by his success, he established a new in which the functions of creation, preservation and
era. destruction are personified. They are embodied by
14. (b) In the Gupta inscription, Samudragupta has the forms of the creator, Brahma, preserver, Vishnu
been called ‘Lichchhavi Dauhitra”. There is also and the destroyer known as Shiva.
evidence of relationship between the early Guptas 20. (b) It is usually held that Chandragupta I was the
and the Lichchhavis. Chandragupta I married the first imperial ruler who introduced currency system
Lichchhavi princess Kumaradevi, for which reason and that the Chandragupta-Kumaradevi type of gold
their son Samudragupta has been called Lichchhavi coins were the earliest gold coins of the dynasty.
– duhitra. It is further indicated by some gold coins But according to the scholars, it was Samudragupta
which, on the obverse, bear their figures and names who first issued Gupta coins that his first gold coins
and, on the reverse, the name of the Lichchhavis. were of standard type and that later on he issued
15. (c) Chandragupta II, the Gupta king was first to the Chandragupta-Kumaradevi type of coins to
issue silver coins. The large number of beautiful commemorate his father’s marriage to Lichchhavi
gold coins issued by the Gupta dynasty are a princess which had proved to be great benefit to
testament to the imperial grandeur of that age. the Gupta dynasty. The minting of silver coins was
Chandragupta II also started producing silver coins first started in the reign of Chandragupta II and was
in the Saka tradition. The conquest is indicated by continued by Kumargupta I and Skandgupta.
the issue of the new Gupta silver coinage modelled 21. (c) The first Gupta ruler to assume the title of
on the previous Saka coinage showing on observe ‘Param Bhagawata’ was Chandragupta II. The
the King’s head, Greek script, and dates as on Saka Bhagavata Purana entails the fully developed tenets
coins. and philosophy of the Bhagavata tradition wherein
16. (c) The Gupta gold coins were known as Dinar. Krishna gets fused with Vasudeva and transcends
The world’s first coins were Greek, made in Lydia Vedic Vishnu and cosmic Hari to be turned into the
about 640 BC. The earliest Indian coins were silver, ultimate object of Bhakti.
22. (b) The officer responsible for the safe custody of in marriage to Vakataka king, Rudra Sena II. The
land records during the Gupta period was known Vakataka alliance was master stroke of diplomacy
as Karanika. This is the Dhruvadhi-Karanika as it secured the subordinate alliance of the Vakataka
(otherwise called Dhruvasthanadhikaranika) the king who occupied a strategic geographical position.
officer in-charge of the Dhruvas,’ the last term being It is noteworthy that Rudra Sena died young and his
applied till recent times in Kathiawar and Cutch to widow reigned until her sons came of age.
denote persons who superintended the collection of 28. (c) The travel account of Fa-hien is known as Fo-
land-revenue by the farmers on the king’s behalf. kwo-ki. Fa-hien was the first Chinese monk to travel
23. (b) Samudragupta (335-375 AD) of the Gupta to India in search of great Buddhist scriptures. At the
dynasty is known as the Napoleon of India. age of sixty-five, he travelled, mostly on foot, from
Historian AV Smith called him so because of his Central China taking the southern route through
great military conquests known from the ‘Prayag Shenshen, Dunhuang, Khotan, and then over the
Prashati’ written by his courtier and poet Harisena, Himalayas, to Gandhara and Peshawar.
who also describes him as the hero of a hundred 29. (b) AV Smith complimented Samudragupta as
battles. But some leading Indian historians criticise the Indian Napoleon. Samudragupta embarked
Smith and feel that Samudragupta was a far greater upon a policy of conquest. In fact,Digvijay became
warrior than Napoleon, as the former never lost any
the ultimate call of his life. For his military
battle.
achievements, he has been aptly complemented by
24. (a) The first inscriptional evidence of satipratha
the historian AV Smith as the Indian Napoleon. He
has been found from Eran.Some reliable records
has described Samudragupta as the Hero of Hundred
indicate the practice before the time of the Gupta
Battles.
empire, approximately 400 CE. After about this
30. (c) The Hunas invaded India during the reign of
time, instances of Sati began to be marked by
Skandgupta. Hunas were Iranian-speaking Xionite
inscribed memorial stones. According to Axel
Michaels, the first clear proofs of the practice is tribes who, via Khyber Pass, entered India at the end
from Nepal in 464 CE, and in India from 510 CE. of the 5th or early 6th century and were defeated by
In India, the earliest of these memorial stones are the Hindu Gupta Empire. In its farthest geographical
found in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, though the largest extent in India, the Huna empire covered the region
collections date from several centuries later, and are up to Malwa in central India.
found in Rajasthan. 31. (a) The silver coins issued by the Guptas were
25. (a) Mathura was a strong centre of the pasupates called Rupaka. The silver coin was called Rupaka
during the time of Chandragupta II. A large number based on Sakas of Ujjaini weighing 32–36 grains.
of coins were found at places like Mathura and According to Fa hien, cowries were very common
Kannauj and in Panchala region which are supposed means of exchange. In Delhi Sultanate, gold coins
to be associated with the Mitra rulers. The basis of were called Tanka which were equivalent to the
the coins are generally believed to have flourished Greek Drachm standard of 67 grains. The silver
between C.100 BC and C.200 AD. coins were called Drama.
26. (d) Vikramaditya epithet does not belong to 32. (a) Out of eighteen rulers of the family, at least
Samudragupta. Samudragupta was the greatest of one-third were women. This statement is applicable
the Gupta rulers, the founder of the Guptas empire, to Bhaunakaras. In the course of the 16th and
the “Indian Napoleon” by virtue of his military 17th centuries during the Sultanate of Women,
exploits, a diplomat and statesman of the first order, women of the imperial Harem had extraordinary
an able and efficient administrator, “the prince of influence on politics of Ottoman empire. Many of
poets”, (Kaviraj) the protector and defender of the the Sultans during this time were minors and it was
poor and the weak. their mothers, sometimes daughters of the sultan
27. (b) Kuberanaga was the mother of prabhavati as Mihrimah Sultan, leaders of the Harem, who
gupta. Chandragupta II married the Naga Princess effectively ruled the empire. Most of these women
Kuberanaga and gave his own daughter, Prabhabati, were of slave origin.
History || A-53
33. (a) Rudradev suffered defeat at the hands of or simply Varaha, was one of the most celebrated
Samudragupta. After the death of Hameer Dev, scientists in South Asian history, having made
Rudra Dev became the king. He was a brave substantial contributions to virtually all branches
person. He established the peace in his state. He of the arts and sciences. He wrote three important
was married to the daughter of neighbouring state books: Panchasiddhantika, Brihat Samhita, and
and got that state in dowry. He declared Rudri as his Brihat Jataka. Brihat Samhita is a compilation of an
capital of the state. He got the temple of lord Shiva assortment of topics that provides interesting details
constructed on the bank of Mahanadi. This temple is of prevailing beliefs. Brihat Jataka is a book on
famous by the name of Rudreshwar. astrology.
34. (a) The word Vishti means Forced labour.While 39. (c) Abhigyanashakuntalam contains the
the Kshatriyas acquired their share of the social description of the king Dushyant of Hastinapur.
surplus through the force of arms in the form Abhigynanasakuntalam is a beautiful tale of love and
of taxes (Kar, Shulka, Bali, etc.), forced labour romance, the name literally meaning ‘Of Sakuntala
(Vishti, Balutam, etc.), tithes and other privileges. who is recognized by a token’. Written by one of the
The Brahmin clergy enforced its claim to the social greatest poets of India, Sakuntalam is synonymous
surplus through a moral deterrent which was based with its author, Kalidasa. Abhigynanasakuntalam
on strength of the tribal morality of distribution. is the first Indian play ever to be translated into
35. (c) The royal emblem used by the Gupta period western languages. It is for the very first time
was Garuda. Most people now realize that Rapson translated in English language by Sir William Jones
was mistaken in identifying the central bird as a in the year 1789. Later to this, there were at least 46
peacock; rather, it is the mythic eagle Garuda, the translations of this play by Kalidasa in 12 different
dynastic symbol of the Guptas. For example, A.S. European languages.
Altekar says that the three-arched hill in the centre 40. (c) Sushruta is known for his work on medicine
is replaced by Garuda, which was the imperial during the Gupta period. Sushruta was the first
insignia of the Guptas. The view of earlier writers Indian surgeon of 600 century BC. The only bust
that the bird is a peacock is clearly untenable. of Sushruta is placed in Sushrutanagar, near Siliguri
36. (d) Much is known about Samudragupta through of India. The Sushruta Samhita is a Sanskrit text
coins issued by him and inscriptions. These were on surgery. The work is attributed to Sushruta, a
of eight different types and all made of pure gold. historical physician of 6th century BCE, although
His conquests brought him the gold and also the the text as preserved dates to the 3rd or 4th century
coin-making expertise from his acquaintance with CE. It is one of three foundational texts of Ayurveda
the Kushana. Most certainly, Samudragupta is (Indian traditional medicine).
the father of Gupta monetary system. He started 41. (b) Chinese traveller Fa-hien visited India during
minting different types of coins. They are known as the reign of Chandragupta II. Fa-hien was the first
the Standard Type, the Archer Type, the Battle Axe Chinese Buddhist pilgrim to leave an account of his
Type, the Ashvamedha Type, the Tiger Slayer Type, travels to Central Asia, India, and Sri Lanka. The
the King and Queen Type and the Lute Player Type. name of this monk may correctly be pronounced as
37. (d) Expansion of agricultural land took place on Faxian but is also written as Fa-hien. A native of
the largest scale in Gupta age. The degeneration Shanxi (Shansi), he left home at the tender age of
of the Vaisya’s (the third, or trader caste), which three to join the Buddhist Sangha.
had begun earlier, intensiﬁed during this period. 42. (a) Srigupta was the first known Gupta ruler.
Because of advanced agricultural techniques and The Gupta empire was an ancient Indian empire,
developments in handicrafts, the condition of the founded by Maharaja Sri Gupta, which existed from
Sudra’ s (the fourth, or menial caste) improved and approximately 320 to 550 CE and covered much of
there was no great difference between a poor Vaisya the Indian Subcontinent. The peace and prosperity
and a prosperous Sudra. created under the leadership of the Guptas enabled
38. (b) Varahamihira credited with authoring Brihat the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavours. This
Samhita. Varahamihira, also called Varahamira period is called the Golden Age of India.
43. (d) Mrichhakatikam literary works did not belong theory that the Earth moves round the Sun, and
to the Gupta period. Of all the Sanskrit dramas, studied solar and lunar eclipses. Kalidasa, who
Mrichhakatica remains one of the most widely was a great playwright, who wrote plays such as
celebrated and oft-performed in the West, in part Shakuntala, which is said to have inspired Goethe,
because its plot structure more closely resembles and marked the highest point of Sanskrit literature is
that of Western classics than other Hindu plays. The also said to have belonged to this period.
work played a significant role in generating interest 49. (b) Samudragupta organised Ashwamedha Yajana.
in Indian theatre among European audiences When a king thought that he had conquered the
following several successful nineteenth century whole land, he used to let loose a white horse. The
translations and stage productions. horse would roam wherever it liked. If anybody tried
44. (d) The Prayaga Prasasti inscription is associated to capture it, he would have to fight the king’s army.
with Samudragupta. The western scholars equate If the horse returned home without being captured,
him with Napoleon and call him Indian Napoleon it meant that everyone in the land recognized the
due to the extensive military conquests. His court power of the king. The horse was then offered as
poet and minister Harisena composed the Allahabad sacrifice and killed. The ceremony was called the
pillar inscription or Prayaga Prasasti. The Pillar Ashvamedha Yajana.
was an Asokan pillar erected by Asoka six century 50. (d) Gupta period marks the begining of the Indian
before him. temple architecture. The Gupta temple was a
45. (c) Balaiyankutai in the pallava age was the “shikara” type of temple, built in a straight edged
name of a pond or tank. Majority of the irrigation pyramid shape, but this cannot be fully established
tanks were built from the 6th to the 10th centuries by existing evidence. However, the supporting
of our era during the dynasty of the Pallavas. One features of copings and amalakas (a bulbous stone
will understand the importance of these systems finial), support the theory that a shikara existed as
of irrigation by noting that about one-third of part of the main shrine.
the surface area of the state is actually irrigated
51. (c) Aryabhatta and Varahamihira belonged
by these omnipresent tanks (about 40,000 such
to Gupta age. During Gupta period education
tanks), the two-thirds of water needs come from the
flourished and many great discoveries were made
exploitation of ground water.
in these fields. Aryabhatta and Varahamihira, the
46. (c) Kalidasa flourished in the time of Chandragupta
two great mathematicians contributed in the field
II (reigned 380–413). A traditional Indian view
of Vedic Mathematics. Aryabhatta found and
would have it that he adorned Vikramaditya’s court
estimated the value of “Pi” to the fourth decimal
in the 1st century BC. Although he was especially
place. Algebra was developed to a great extent and
fond of the Gupta capital city, Ujjain (about 30
the concepts of zero and infinity were also found
miles north of Indore in west-central India), there
is no proof that he was born there. Kalidasa was a and symbols of numbers 1 to 9 were devised which
devotee of shiva, but there is no trace. was a great contribution in mathematics. Advances
47. (d) Kumarsambhavam an epic was composed in astronomy were also on heights in Gupta Age.
by Kalidasa.The Kumarsambhavam is widely 52. (a) Veersena was the author of Mandasore
regarded as one of Kalidasa’s finest works, a inscription. There is an inscription about
paradigmatic example of poetry. The style of Bandhuverma at Mandasore. The silk workers
description of spring set the standard for nature had constructed a Sun temple here which was
metaphors pervading many centuries of Indian repaired by Bandhuverma in Samvat 493. This
literary tradition.The period of composition is indicates that he was present there till 436 CE.
uncertain, although Kalidasa is thought of as having The Risthal stone slab inscription discovered in
lived in the 5th century AD. 1983 has brought to light another Aulikara dynasty,
48. (d) Sanskrit was the official language of Gupta which comprised the following kings in the order
period. Scholars of this period includeVarahamihira of succession: Drumavardhana, Jayavardhana
and Aryabhatta, who is believed to be the first to Ajitavardhana, Vibhishanavardhana, Rajyavardhana
come up with the concept of zero, postulated the and Prakashadharma.
History || A-55
53. (a) Kumarsambhavam describes the story of the considered to be the last recognized king of the
birth of Kartikeya. Kumarsambhavam is a legendary Gupta empire. His reign lasted 10 years, from 540
Sanskrit poem written by Mahakavi Kalidasa. It is to 550 CE. From the fragment of his clay sealing
one of the most substantial examples of `Kavya` discovered at Nalanda during the excavations of
poetry. Kumarsambhavam literally stands for 1927–28, we came to know that he was the son of
“Birth of the War-god”, i.e. Kartikeya, Shiva`s first Kumargupta III and the grandson of Narsimhagupta
son. Kumarsambhavam essentially talks about the Baladitya.
courtship of Lord Shiva and Parvati. The bulk of 59. (b) In 5th century AD, the famous Chinese
chapters have enormous details about the love and pilgrim Fa-hein visited India. Travelling through
romance between Shiva and Parvati. central Asia and northwest India, Fa-hien reached
54. (c) Samudragupta granted permission to northern India and then visited the holy Buddhist
Meghverma the ruler of Sri Lanka to build a Buddhist sites located in the Ganges valley: Kapilavastu,
temple in Gaya. Kittisirimegha of Sri Lanka, a the birthplace of Buddha; Bodhgaya, the site of
contemporary of Samudragupta, erected with the Buddha’s enlightenment; Sarnath, where Buddha
permission of Samudragupta, a Sangharama near preached his first sermon, and Kushinagara, the
the Mahabodhi Vihara, chiefly for the use of the place of Buddha’s nirvana.
Singhalese monks who went to worship the Bodhi
60. (c) The decimal numeral system, including the
tree.
concept of zero was invented in India during the
55. (d) Kamandaka was the author of legal treatise
Gupta dynasty. The mathematical concept of zero
‘Nitisara’. The Nitisara of Kamandaki a post-
emerged in India about one and a half thousand
Maurya treatise narrating the elements of polity
years ago.
divided in twenty Sargas and thirty-six Prakarans is
61. (d) In the courtyard of the Quwat-ul-Islam mosque
dependent on the Arthashastra of Kautilya dealing
of Delhi stands the famous Iron pillar in the memory
inter-alia with theories of social order authority
and obligation of the temporal ruler theories of Chandragupta II. The height of the pillar, from
of states, structure and organs of government the top of its capital to the bottom of its base, is 7.21
principles and policies of government, interstate m (23.7 ft), 1.12 m (3 ft 8 in) of which is below
relations, functions of envoys ambassadors and ground. Its bell pattern capital is 1.07 m (3 ft 6 in) in
spies, application of different political expedients, height, and its bulb-shaped base is 0.71 m (2 ft 4 in)
varieties of battle arrays, attitude towards morality, high. The base rests on a grid of iron bars soldered
etc. with lead into the upper layer of the dressed stone
56. (d) In the Gupta administration, purpala was the pavement. The pillar’s lower diameter is 420 mm
administrator of conquered territories. The person (17 in), and its upper diameter 306 mm (12.0 in). It
was mostly from the authority who reigned in that is estimated to weigh more than six tons.
region itself but sometimes the faithful of king also 62. (b) Sudraka’Mrichhakotikam is a ten-act Sanskrit
took the control of these territories. drama attributed to Sudraka an ancient playwright
57. (a) The Nagas style of architecture developed generally thought to have lived sometime between
mostly in North India. Chandra Gupta II also the second century BC and the fifth century AD
married to a Kadamba princess of Kuntala region whom the prologue identifies as a Kshatriya king
and a princess of Naga lineage (Nagakulotpannna), and a devotee of Shiva who lived for 100 years.
Kuberanaga. His daughter Prabhabatigupta from The play is set in the ancient city of Ujjayani during
this Naga queen was married to Rudrasea II, the the reign of the King Palaka, near the end of the
Vakataka ruler of Deccan. His son Kumargupta I Pradyota dynasty that made up the first quarter of
was married to Kadamba princess of Karnataka the fifth century BC.
region. 63. (d) The six district school of Indian philosophy
58. (d) Vishnugupta was the last ruler of the imperial Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaishasika, Mimansa,
Gupta family. Vishnugupta was one of the lesser Vedanta became fully articulated during the Gupta
known kings of the Gupta dynasty. He is generally period.
64. (a) Vegbhatta was the author of a famous to be associated with Kalidasa’s name, their own
Ayurvedic text Ashtanghriday. The science of names having long before ceased to be remembered.
chemistry, due to its Vedic antiquity might have been Only seven are generally considered genuine.
first recognized in India, as a separate discipline. 69. (c) Kalidas was the author of Meghadoota.
Alchemy and the science of medicine gave rise to Meghadoota, as perhaps nowhere else so plentifully
the study of chemistry in India. The ancient masters in Kalidasa’s works, are an unvarying freshness of
as mentioned in connection with chemistry are: inspiration and charm, delight imagery and fancy,
Patanjali, Bhavya Dattadeva, Vyadi, Svacchanda, profound insight into the emotions, and a oneness
Damodara, Vasudeva, Charaka, Sushruta, Harita with the phenomena of nature. Moreover, the
and Vagbhata. Ancient Sanskrit documents about fluidity and beauty of the language are probably
the advanced chemical science find the expression unmatched in Sanskrit literature, a feature all the
in activities like distillation of perfumes and more remarkable for its inevitable loss in translation.
fragrant ointments. It is also found in activities like 70. (b) Vatsyayan was the author of Kamasutra.
manufacturing of dyes and chemical preparation of Vatsyayana’s Kamasutra has 1250 verses, distributed
pigments and colours and polishing of mirrors. in 36 chapters, which are further organized into
65. (c) Ujjain is a birth place of Brahmagupta. By the seven parts.Historians attribute Kamasutra to be
6th century BC, Avanti with its capital at Ujjaini, is composed between 400 BCE and 200 CE. Keay
mentioned in Buddhist literature as one of the four says that the Kamasutra is a compendium that was
great powers along with Vatsa, Kosala and Magadha. collected into its present form in the 2nd century
Ujjain lay on the main trade route between North CE.
India and Deccan going from Mathura via Ujjain to 71. (b) Gautam was the founder of Nyaya Darshan.
Mahismati (Maheshwar) on the Narmada, and on to The system is based on Nyaya Sutras of Gautam
Paithan on the Godavari, western Asia and the West. who is supposed to have lived around 3rd BC.
66. (b) Amarsingh was the author of Amarkosha. This system investigates into both physical and
Amara seems to have been a Buddhist, and most of metaphysical subjects by the syllogistic method.
his work was destroyed, with the exception of what
Thus, it includes metaphysics as well as the science
is the celebrated Amara-Kosha (Treasury of Amara),
of logic.
a vocabulary of Sanskrit roots, in three books, and
72. (c) Vatsabhatti was the court poet of Kumargupta.
hence sometimes called Trikanda or the “Tripartite”.
Samudragupta by Harisena and the Mandasor
It is also known as “Namalinganushasana”. It
Inscription of Kumargupta by Vatsabhatti. Besides,
contains 10,000 words, and is arranged, like other
information on Indian educational system have been
works of its class. The first chapter of the Kosha was
culled out from Buddhist and Jain literature along
printed in Rome in Tamil character in 1798.
with corroboratory account recorded by foreign
67. (d) In the Gupta period, the language used by the
travellers like Fa-hien, Hiuen Tsang and I-tsing of
people of low society level and women was prakrit.
China and Hwui Lun of Korea.
The word, derived from its Indian root “Parikrit”,
73. (d) Aryabhatta explained that the earth rotates on
itself has a flexible definition, being defined
sometimes as, “original, natural, artless, normal, its axis but revolves round the sun. Aryabhatta was
ordinary, usual”, or “vernacular”, in contrast to the first to explain how the Lunar eclipse and the
the literary and religious orthodoxy of sanskrita. Solar eclipse happened. Aryabhatta also gave close
Alternatively, Prakrit can be taken to mean “derived approximation for Pi. In the Aryabhatiya, he wrote
from an original,” means evolved in natural way. : “Add 4 to 100, multiply by 8, then add 62000 and
68. (a) Kalidasa was called Shakespeare of India. then divided by 20000. The result is approximately
Numerous works have been attributed to his the circumference of a circle of diameter twenty
authorship. Most of them, however, are either by thousand.
lesser poets bearing the same name or by others of 74. (c) Ujjain was the second capital of Chandragupta
some intrinsic worth, whose works simply chanced Vikramaditya.
History || A-57
75. (c) Kumargupta established Nalanda University. 81. (c) Brahmagupta declared the ‘Law of Gravity’
Nalanda flourished between the reign of the long before the Newton’s Law. The great 7th century
Sakraditya (whose identity is uncertain and who Indian mathematician and astronomer Brahmagupta
might have been either Kumargupta I or Kumargupta wrote some important works on both mathematics
II) and 1197 AD, supported by patronage from the and astronomy. He was from the state of Rajasthan
Hindugupta rulers as well as Buddhist emperors like of northwest India (he is often referred to as
Harsha and later emperors from the Pala empire. Bhillamalacharya, the teacher from Bhillamala),
76. (d) During the Gupta period, the great epics of and later became the head of the astronomical
Ramayan and Mahabharat were given the final form. observatory at Ujjain in central India.
Traditionally, the authorship of the Mahabharata is 82. (d) Gold coins attributed to Harsha depict on
attributed to Vyasa. There have been many attempts the reverse Shiva-Parvati. The Gupta period is
to unravel its historical growth and compositional considered the “Golden Age” of classical India.
layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are This was a time when great universities flourished
thought to be not much older than around 400 BCE, in Nalanda and Takshashila, and great writers, such
though the origins of the epic probably fall between as the playwright Kalidasa, and great scientists, such
the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. as the mathematician and astronomer Aryabhatta,
77. (d) The land revenue during Gupta period was 1/6 who is credited with the concept of zero among his
to 1/4. The government revenue essentially came many achievements, helped create an atmosphere of
from land as commercial activity was no longer as tremendous creative impulse.
big a contributor as it once was. Land revenue came 83. (c) Dharampala credited with the establishment
from a variety of sources, like direct tax on the land of the Vikramashila Mahavihara. Vikramshila
as well as a tax on the produce of the land. Mahavihara was one of the two most important
78. (a) Nalanda was the centre of higher education centres of Buddhist learning in India during the Pala
during Gupta period. Nalanda, situated near dynasty. Established by king Dharmapala (783 to
Rajgriha in Bihar, was probably the highest seat of 820 CE), it is located about 50 km east of Bhagalpur
Buddhist learning. It was established as a Buddhist and about 13 km north-east of Kahalgaon railway
monastery probably during the reign of Kumargupta station on Bhagalpur-Sahebganj section of eastern
I (414–445 A.D). A Buddhist tradition says that railway. The area is under the protected jurisdiction
Sakraditya established this centre of learning. It was of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
spread over an area of 1.6 km × 0.8 km. It had about 84. (d) The famous commentator of Vedic literature,
1500 professors and 10,000 students. Such eminent associated with the Parmaras was Uvata. The
people as Panini, Jivaka and Chanakya are said to Parmar dynasty was an early medieval Indian royal
have studied there. house that ruled over the Malwa region in central
79. (d) Gupta period is known as golden age of Indian India. This dynasty was founded by Upendra in c.
history, as they issued large number of gold coins. 800; the most significant ruler was Bhoja I. The seat
80. (b) Dhanavantri was a physician. Dhanvantari is of the Parmar kingdom was Dhangraja, the present
depicted as Vishnu with four hands, holding medical day Dhar city in Madhya Pradesh.
herbs in one hand and a pot containing rejuvenating 85. (a) Women had comparatively a greater participation
nectar called amrita in another. He is often shown in administration under Chalukyas.Some women
with a leech in his hand rather than the scriptures. from the royal family enjoyed political power
The Puranas state that Dhanavantari emerged from in administration. Queen Vijayanka was a noted
the ‘Ocean of Milk’ and appeared with the pot of Sanskrit poetess, Kumkumadevi, the younger
nectar during the story of the Samudra or Sagar sister of Vijayaditya (and queen of Alupa king
Manthan whilst the ocean was being churned by the Chitravahana) made several grants and had a
Devas and Asuras, using the Mandara mountain and Jain Basadi called Anesajjebasadi constructed at
the serpent Vasuki. Puligere.
86. (a) Vishakhadatta exposed evils of the arts and culture during Kumbha’s reign is exceeded
contemporary society by his satirical writings. only by Bhoja Parmara (Bhoja I). Maharana
There is no unanimity among the authorities on the Kumbha is credited with writing the Sangitaraja,
date of Mudrarakshasa. However, majority of them the Rasika-priya commentary on the Gitagovinda,
are in favour of assigning the composition of this the Sudaprabandha, and the Kamaraja-ratisara.
Sanskrit work to 4th–5th centuries AD. The Minister 92. (d) Umed singh was the patron of the Kota School
Signet’s Ring centres around the schemes of the of Painting. The Kota school of painting is one of
wily Chankya to frustrate the plots of Raksasa, the the finest examples of this technique. Kota paintings
minister of Dhanananda, the last ruler of the Nanda are known for their depiction of nature and hunting
dynasty. scenes. Painting comprises a very integral part of
87. (d) Senas considered themselves ‘Brahma- Rajasthani culture. Woven into these splendid
Kshatriya’. Brahmakshatriya or Murdhabhishikta visuals are images of everyday life of the olden
is (a) a term applied in Hindu Varna division to times. The development of miniature paintings has
people who have a Brahmin father and a Kshatriya been one of the most important contributions of
mother; or (b) a term that applies, in the Hindu Rajasthan to Indian art.
Varna division, to a Brahmin who pursues royalty, 93. (c) Mahmud of Ghazni was the foreign invaders
and hence concurrently adopts the Kshatriya Varna. sacked the temple of Somnath. Mahmud began a
According to Manusmriti, such people are treated series of seventeen raids into northwestern India
equal to Brahmins. Parasurama is a classical at the end of the 10th century. Nonetheless, he did
example of a Brahmakshatriya. not attempt to rule Indian territory except for the
88. (c) The term ‘Mandapika’ occurring in early Punjab, which was his gateway to India, as Ghazni
medieval inscriptions denotes rest house. When lay in present day Afghanistan.
there are several Mandapas in the temple, it is the 94. (a) Rajashekhara, the author of ‘Karpurmanjri’
biggest and the tallest. It is used for conducting was the teacher of Mahendrapala I. Rajashekhara
religious discourses. Sometimes, the Mahamandapa was an eminent Sanskrit poet, dramatist and critic.
is also built along a transversal axis with a transept He was court poet of the Gurjara Pratiharas. He
(bumped-out portions along this transversal axis). wrote Kavyamimamsa between 880 and 920 CE.
At the exterior, the transept ends by a large window The work is essentially a practical guide for poets
which brings light and freshness into the temple. that explains the elements and composition of a
89. (d) Ballalasena assumed the title ‘Nihsanka- good poem. The fame of Rajashekhara rests firmly
sankara’. According to Sena epigraph, Ballal was an on his play Karpuramanjari, written in Sauraseni
author. He wrote Danasagara in 1168. And in 1169, Prakrit.
he started but did not finish writing Adbhutasagara. 95. (a) Dharampala established the Somapura
In Adbhutasagara, it was mentioned that Ballalsen Mahavihara, a good educational centre of the time.
conquered Mithila while Vijaysen was still alive. Somapura Mahavihra, or the Great Monastery,
Besides he introduced the practice of Kulinism. was a renowned intellectual centre until the 12th
90. (c) Jayasimha is the last king described in the century. Its layout perfectly adapted to its religious
Rajatarangini of Kalhana. From this, comes Stein’s function, this monasterys city represents a unique
deduction that Kalhana was not a part of the circle artistic achievement.
surrounding Jayasimha, the ruling monarch at the 96. (a) Rajendra I was the Chola king and under
time when he was writing the Rajatarangini. Kalhana his reign Brihadishwar temple of Tanjore was
was born to a Kashmiri minister, Canpaka, who constructed. The world’s first complete granite
probably served king Harsa of the Lohara dynasty. temple, the Brihadeshwara temple is a distinctive
It is possible that his birthplace was Parihasapura example of temple architecture during the Tamil
and his birth would have been very early in the 12th Chola dynasty (ca. 3rd cen. BCE-1279 CE). This
century. temple was originally built during the early 9th
91. (a) Bhoja is considered to be the author of the century CE by Rajaraja Chola I and dedicated to
Sangitaraja. Amongst Rajput rulers, the flowering of Shiva.
History || A-59
97. (b) As mentioned by Hiuen Tsang, 10,000 (ko) da Chola. The other side of this coin is similar
students were studying in the Nalanda University. to the first side.
Founded in the 5th Century AD, Nalanda is known 102. (d) A Chaitya Hall at Karle was built largely by the
as the ancient seat of learning. 2,000 teachers and donation of the Yavanas. The Chaitya at Karle is, by
10,000 students from all over the Buddhist world far, the largest of the cave temples. It is situated at
lived and studied at Nalanda, the first Residential Karle in Pune district of Maharashtra. It is said to
International University of the World. A walk in the have been sculptured between 100–125 AD. It is cut
ruins of the university, takes you to an era, that saw off of a solid rock to a depth of about 124 feet. It is
India leading in imparting knowledge, to the world 40 metres long, 15 metres high and 15 metres broad.
– the era when India was a coveted place for studies. Inside, there are 37 octagonal pillars of remarkable
The University flourished during the 5th and 12th beauty.
century. 103. (c) Rajendra I of the Chola dynasty carried out
98. (c) Jayasimha Siddharaja had granted one lakh the first naval expedition against south-east Asia.
balotras from his own treasury for the restoration of He conquered up to the banks of Ganges and
a mosque of Khambhat. Jayasimha Siddharaja was assumed the title of “Gangaikonda” (the victor
the greatest Chalukya king who, in commemoration of the Ganges). He established a new capital and
of his victory against the Paramaras, adopted the title named it Gangaikondacholapuram. The conquest of
of Avantinatha. During the reign of Bhima II (1178- the Andaman and Nicober islands was his greatest
1241), Muhammad Ghori made an unsuccessful achievement.
attempt to subjugate Gujarat in 1178 AD. 104. (b) Bakhtiyar Khalji destroyed the Nalanda
99. (d) None of the above had the title ‘Amoghavarsha’. University in 1202 AD. The prince of perverts
The Arab traveller Sulaiman described – Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji – is a blot on the
Amoghavarsha as one of the four great kings of human race. And yet the town of Bakhtiyarpur in
the world. Sulaiman also wrote that Amoghavarsha Bihar, close to the site of his cruel depredations,
respected Muslims and that he allowed the bears his name. Bakhtiyar Khalji holds a pride of
construction of mosques in his cities. Because of place because, unlike the other Muslim marauders,
his religious temperament, his interest in the arts he was not content with destroying the areas he
and literature and his peace-loving nature, historian traversed.
Panchamukhi has compared him to the emperor 105. (c) Harsha has been criticised by Kalhana for
Ashoka and given him the honorific “Ashoka of the confiscating the temple. Harsha (r.1089-1111)
South” started out as a capable and noble king. Then ran
100. (b) The evidence of water tax is provided by the into financial trouble because of his spending habits,
inscriptions of Gahadavalas The Gahadavalas and became an evil person. For the gold, he started
occupy a very important place in Indian history. raiding temples and started destroying statues.
They ruled for over a century (AD 1089-1097), Harsha never felt himself as a “Hindu” king per se
over a vast region of North India, which extended as there was no people who felt themselves to be
from the western bank of Yamuna in the west to “Hindus” in those days.
Patna, Monghyr and Bodhgaya in Bihar in the east. 106. (c) The Kaibarta rebellion occurred in Bengal
It extended from the foothills of the Himalayas in during the reign of Mahipala II. Varendra rebellion
the north to Baghelkhanda in Madhya Pradesh in occurred during the reign of the Pala emperor
the south. Mahipala II (c 1075-1080 AD) and resulted in his
101. (d) Elephant is not found inscribed on the cholas death and the loss of Varendra (north Bengal) to
coins. Rajendra Chola, the son of Rajaraja, is also the Kaivarta chief Divya. Mahipala II is said to
known as Gangaikonda Chola for his conquest of have imprisoned his two brothers, Xurapala and
many principalities in the Gangetic valley. On either Ramapala, out of suspicion that Ramapala would
side of this coin is found a seated tiger along with capture royal power. The possibility of a dynastic
lamp-stand, a pair of fish and a bow. Below the trouble arising out of the ambition of a capable
lamp-stand, is a two line Sanskrit legend Gangai younger brother cannot be altogether ruled out.
107. (a) Dantidurga, the Rashtrakuta rulers, is known India. He succeeded his father in 1014 CE as the
to have made the Hiranyagarbha-dana’ at Ujjaini. Chola emperor. During his reign, he extended the
Rashtrakutas were subordinate to the Chalukyas. influences of the already vast Chola empire up to the
Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, threw his banks of the river Ganges in the north and across the
Chalukyan overlord and performed Hiranya-garbha, ocean.
a ritual that is thought to lead to the rebirth of the 113. (b) ‘Gangai Kondacholapuram’ became the
sacrificer as a Kshatriya. Dantidurga, thus, founded administrative centre of the Cholas from the time of
the Rashtrakuta empire. Rajendra I. His empire extended the whole of southern
108. (c) Dramma coin name occurs in the Pratihara India to river Thungabathra in the north India, for
inscriptions. Mihira Bhoja I’s epithet was Srimad- administrative and strategic purpose he built another
Adivaraha (the fortunate primeval boar incarnation capital and named Gangaikondacholapuram. The
of Vishnu) and therefore there is a broad agreement Gangaikondacholapuram temple, he constructed,
amongst the scholars on the attribution of Adivaraha consists of 3 stories and surrounded by a huge fort
dramma billon coins to him. These coins have a like wall, the outer wall was greatly destructed
depiction of Adivaraha on the obverse. during the English rule (1896 AD).
109. (a) Gahadavalas levied Turushka-danda. 114. (a) The Chola rulers were generally the
Gahadavala dynasty rule of the district is proved by worshippers of Shiva. A number of mythical heroes
the discovery at Kudarkot of a copper plate grant and demi-gods found their place in the ancestry
dated in the reign of Chandradeva. Chandradeva claimed by the later Cholas in the long mythical
founded the Gahadavala dynasty at Kanyakubja genealogies incorporated into the copper-plate
after defeating a chief named Gopala of Tuar clan. charters and stone inscription of the tenth and
His jurisdiction extended over nearly all of what is eleventh centuries. The earliest version of this is
modern Uttar Pradesh including this district. found in the Anbil Plates which gives fifteen names
110. (d) Chachnamah provides a vivid description before Vijayalaya Chola including the genuinely
of Sindh. The Chachnamah was written by Kazi historical ones of Karikala, Perunarikalli and
Ismail. Kazi Ismail was appointed the first Kazi of Kocengannan.
Alor by Muhammad Kasim after the conquest of the 115. (c) Rajasekhara’s marriage to Avantisundari is an
Sindh. It was translated into Persian by Muhammad example of ‘Anuloma-marriage’. During the Vedic
Ali bin Hamid bin Abu Bakr Kufi in 1216 CE from Age, inter-class marriages used to take place in the
an earlier Arabic text. At one time, it was considered form of Anuloma marriage. Anuloma marriage is a
to be a romance until Mountstuart Elphinstone’s social practice according to which a boy from upper
observations of its historical veracity. The original Varna/caste/class can marry a girl from lower varna/
work in Arabic is believed to have been composed caste/class.
by the Sakifí family, the kinsmen of Muhammad bin 116. (a) Ajayaraja shifted the Chahamana capital
Qasim. from Sambhar to Ajmer. Arnoraja’s fight against
111. (d) The ethnic composition of the armies of Turushka, i.e. the Yaminis of Lahore and Ghazna
Ghaznavids did not invalue the Greeks. The eastern was inheritance from his father Ajayaraja who
part of the later Roman empire, dating from AD perhaps never succeeded in recovering Nagaur
330 when Constantine I rebuilt Byzantium and from Muslims. Very early in Arnoraja’s reign, the
made it his capital. Its extent varied greatly over Muslims had reached as far as Ajmer. In the battle
the centuries, but its core remained the Balkan that followed on the plain outside the city, the
Peninsula and Asia Minor. The empire collapsed Yamini commander was decisively beaten and fled
when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in before the pursuing Chauhana.
1453. 117. (d) Kumardevi, the queen of Govindachandra
112. (c) Rajendra I was ruling the Chola kingdom at the Gahadavala, constructed Dharmachakrajinavihar
time of Mahmud Ghazni’s expedition of Somnath. at Sarnath. Kumaradevi, the Buddhist queen of the
Rajendra Chola I was the son of Rajaraja Chola great Gahadavala king Govindrachandra of Kashi
I, the great Chola king of present day southern (CE 1114-1154). All the halls and apartments of the
History || A-61
monks have disappeared. This monastery had two the iconographic conventions established by long
gateways towards the east, there being a distance tradition, the sculptors worked with great freedom
of 88.45 m between the two. At the western most in the 11th and the 12th centuries to achieve a classic
edge of the site, a distinct covered passage leads to grace and grandeur. The best example of this can be
a small medieval shrine. seen in the form of Nataraja the Divine Dancer.
118. (a) Mohammad Ghori issued the coins with seated 123. (c) Kumargupta took strong steps to stop
Lakshmi on one side and ruler’s name in Devanagri gambling in his state. As because of gambling, there
on the other. These were revived by Gangeyadeva were various crimes spread in society. For that he
the Kalachuri ruler who issued the ‘Seated Lakshmi appointed some persons in different regions to give
Coins’ which were copied by later rulers both report of illegal acts.
in gold as well as in debase form. The Bull & 124. (a) The Turkish brought with them musical
Horseman types of coins were the most common instruments Rabab and Sarangi. During this time,
motif appearing on coins struck by the Rajput clans. the music of North India began to acquire and
In western India, imported coins like the Byzantine adapt to the presence of Persian language, music,
Solidi were often used reflecting trade with the and musical instruments, such as the Setar, from
Eastern Roman Empire. which the Sitar got its name; the Kemancheh and
119. (a) The Huna princess Avalladevi was the queen Santur, which became popular in Kashmir; and the
of Gangeyadeva. Their son Allata married a Huna Rabab [alternately known as Rebab and Rubab],
princess named Hariyadevi. The Jabbalpore which preceded the Sarod. New instruments were
copper-plate inscription of Yasahkarnadeva, introduced, including the Tabla and Sitar.
of the Kalachuri dynasty of Chedi 17 describes 125. (c) Jonaraja, in his Rajatarangini continued
Yasahkarnadeva as the son of king Karnadeva and the historical narration of Kalhana up to Sultan
Avalladevi, a Huna princess. Zainul Abidin. Rajatarangini, which consists of
120. (b) The Kirtistambha at Chittor was built by 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. Book
Rana Kumbha.The Kirtistambha (tower of fame) I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir
dedicated to Lord Adinath was constructed by kings into epic legends. Gonanda was the first king
Baghervala merchant Sah Jija by using “Nija- and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity
bhujoparjita”, i.e. self-earned money, according Krishna.
to an inscription by his great-grandson who had 126. (c) Medhatithi is famous for his commentary on
the monument repaired in 1489. The exact date of Manusmriti. Medhātithi is one of the oldest and
building of the Kirti-stambha is not known. Some most famous commentators on the Manusmriti,
believe that Sah Jija had an older tower rebuilt, more commonly known as the Laws of Manu. The
perhaps from 12th cent. Manusmriti text is a part of the Hindu Dharmasas
121. (b) Harsha had assumed the title Parama- tradition, which attempts to record the laws of
Maheswara. An early copper plate grant of king Dharma.
Dantidurga (753) shows an image of god Shiva and 127. (d) Harsha’s military expansion in the Deccan was
the coins of his successor, king Krishna I (768), checked by Pulkesin II.When Pulikeshi II pushed
bear the legend Parama-Maheshwara (another name forth up to the Narmada, he came face to face with
for Shiva). The kings’ titles such as Veeranarayana Harshavardhana of Kanauj who already had the title
showed their Vaishnava leanings. Their flag had Uttarapatheshvara (Lord of the north). In a decisive
the sign of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, perhaps battle fought on the banks of the river Narmada,
copied from the Badami Chalukyas. Harsha lost a major part of his elephant force and
122. (a) The Chola rulers were generally Saivites. had to retreat. The Aihole inscription describes how
Among the existing specimens in museums around the mighty Harsha lost his harsha (joy) when he
the world and in the temples of South India may be suffered the ignominy of defeat.
seen many fine figures of Shiva in various forms, 128. (d) The first meeting of Ghosal with Mahavir
such as Vishnu and his consort Lakshmi, and the Swami was held at Nalanda. Parsva, the traditional
Saivaite saints. Though conforming generally to predecessor of Mahavira is the first Jain figure for
whom there is reasonable historical evidence. He built this Shiva temple in the early 8th century. It
might have lived somewhere in the 9th–7th century is an early structural temple, built of sandstone, and
BCE. Followers of Parsva are mentioned in the partly renovated in recent times. The modest scale
canonical books; and a legend in the Uttarādhyayana of the temple, and the closeness of its enclosing
sūtra relates a meeting between a disciple of Parsva wall, lend a feeling of intimacy to the surroundings.
and a disciple of Mahavira which brought about the Kailasanatha contains in embryo many of the
union of the old branch of the Jain church and the features of the rapidly emerging South Indian style:
new one. gopuras, pilastered walls, a pyramidal Shikhara, and
129. (a) Rashtrakutas adopted Garuda as dynastic a perimeter wall enclosing the complex.
emblem after the imperial Gupta. Silver coins 134. (d) Rajput rulers Jaisingh Siddharaj gave donation
of the Gupta kings Chandragupta II and his son for the reconstruction of a mosque. Siddhraj is said
Kumargupta I adopted the Western Satrap design to have ascended the throne of Patan after the death
(itself derived from the Indo-Greeks) with bust of his Father Karandev. Patan’s condition was worse
of the ruler and pseudo-Greek inscription on the in the last days of Karandev. The successors from
obverse, and a royal eagle (Garuda, the dynastic his grandfather Bhimdev’s first wife Bauladevi tried
symbol of the Guptas) replacing the Chaitya hill their best to acquire the throne from child Jaysingh.
with star and crescent on the reverse.
His mother Minaldevi, Maha mantri Santu and
130. (c) The North Indian dynasties that confronted the
Munjal Mehta initially played a great part to deter
Rashtrakutas were the Pratiharas and the Palas.The
the internal revolt and in establishing his rule and
Pratiharas are believed to be the clan of Rajputs.
stability to Patan in Gujarat.
The greatest ruler of the Pratihara dynasty was
135. (d) Chola dynasty is meant by Arab writers when
Mihir Bhoja. He recovered Kanauj (Kanyakubja)
they say that the women did not cover their faces with
by 836, and it remained the capital of the Pratiharas
veil. This clan came to be known as the Rashtrakutas
for almost a century. The Pratihara dynasty started
well under the ruler Nagabhatta-I. Though initially of Manyakheta, rising to power in South India in
he had hiccups with the Rashtrakutas, he was able to 753. At the same time, the Pala dynasty of Bengal
leave behind a strong State comprising Malwa, parts and the Pratihara dynasty of Malwa were gaining
of Rajputana and Gujarat force in eastern and northwestern India respectively.
131. (d) ‘Niralamba Saraswati’ thus lamented a poet at An Arabic writing Silsilatuttavarikh (851) called the
the demise of Bhoj Paramara. Raja Bhoja of Dhar Rashtrakutas one of the four principal empires of
was a philosopher king and polymath of medieval the world.
India. He was from the Paramara dynasty of Arya, 136. (a) Kulotinga I Chola ruler had persecuted
who ruled the kingdom of Malwa in Central India Ramanuja and ousted him from his kingdom.
from about 1010 to 1060. On his demise, a poet Ramanuja was the contemporary of Kulothunga II.
lamented “Adya Dhara Niradhara, Niralamba It is Kulothunga II who banished Ramanuja from
Saraswati Panditah Khanditah Sarve Bhojraje Tamil country and the latter had to seek refuge
Divam Gate”. in Melkote, Karnataka. Hence even bringing
132. (a) Vikramshila Mahavihara was one of the two Ramunaja into Athirajendra’s death would cause
most important centres of Buddhist learning in more confusion. Till Kulothunga II, all the Chola
India during the Pala dynasty. Established by King kings and emperors supported all the religions
Dharmapala (783 to 820 CE), it is located about 50 equally although they were staunch Saivaites.
km east of Bhagalpur and about 13 km north-east of 137. (b) Harshacharita refers to pushyabhuti as the
Kahalgaon railway station on Bhagalpur-Sahebganj founder of the Vardhana dynasty. Prabhakara
section of eastern railway. The area is under the Vardhana, the ruler of Sthanvisvara, who belonged
protected jurisdiction of Archaeological Survey of to the Pushyabhuti family, extended his control over
India (ASI). neighbouring states. Prabhakara Vardhana was the
133. (c) Kailashnatha temples do not belong to the first king of the Vardhana dynasty with his capital at
Cholas. King Rajasimha, of the Pallava dynasty, Thaneswar.
History || A-63
138. (d) Rajadhiraja I received a letter on golden leaves 143. (d) The Lakshman Era was started by Senas
from the Burmese king Kyansittha. Kyansittha dynasty. Vijaysen the second ruler of this dynasty
strengthened the foundations of Pagan empire defeated the last Pala emperor Madanapala and
which Anawrahta had built. Although he suppressed established his reign. Ballal Sena introduced caste
the Mon rebellion, he pursued a conciliatory policy system in Bengal and made Nabadwip the capital.
towards the Mon. Having spent seven years in the The fourth king of this dynasty Lakshman Sena
Mon country in exile, the king had great respect for expanded the empire beyond Bengal to Bihar,
the Mon culture, and kept Mon scholars at his court. Assam, Orissa and probably to Varanasi.
139. (c) Ur was the primary village assembly in the 144. (d) Kumaradevi, a queen of Govindachandra
Chola village administration. Every village was Gahadavala, constructed Dharmachakra-Jina
a self-governing unit. A number of such villages
Vihara at Sarnath. Monastery lying 232 m from
constituted a Korram in different parts of the
east to west and occupied by a central block of
country. Taniyur was a large village big enough
buildings, Dharmachakra Jina Vihara was the gift
to be a Kurram by itself. A number of Kurrams
constituted a Valanadu. Several Valanadus made of Kumaradevi, the Buddhist queen of the great
up one Mandalam, a province. At the height of the Gahadavala king Govindrachandra of Kashi (CE
Chola empire, there were eight or nine of these 1114-1154). All the halls and apartments of the
provinces including Sri Lanka. These divisions and monks have disappeared.
names underwent constant changes throughout the 145. (b) Chalukya dynasties were frequently assigned
Chola period. to the ladies high ranking positions in administration.
140. (a) A Chalukya inscription is dated in the year During this period, the society became increasingly
556 of the Saka era. It’s equivalent to 478 AD. sophisticated. The status of women was varied.
This undated inscription belongs to the reign of the Some royal women were involved in administrative
Chalukaya king Vijayaditya Satyasraya. It registers matters as shown in contemporary records describing
the grant of 20 mattars of red soil, amattar of wet Queen Umadevi’s administration of Halebidu in the
land and 2 mattars of garden land to Talereyar absence of Veera Ballala II during his long military
by Vikramaditya, the uncle of Banarja, when the campaigns in northern territories.
latter was ruling Turamara-vishaya as the king’s 146. (a) Harshacharita was not composed by
feudatory. It also states that Vikramaditya had the Harshavardhana. The Harshacharita ranks as the
birudas Taruna-Vasantan and Samanta-kesari and first historical biography in Sanskrit although it is
that he was ruling Ayiradi. The inscription was written in a florid and fanciful style. Bana’s detailed
written by Singutti. and vivid descriptions of rural India’s natural
141. (d) Vikramshila Mahavihar was established by the environment as well as the extraordinary industry
ruler of pala dynasty. Pala Dynasty was the ruling
of the Indian people exudes the vitality of life at
dynasty in Bihar and Bengal, from the 8th to the
that time. Since he received the patronage of the
12th century. Called the Palas because all their
emperor Harsha, his descriptions of his patron are
names ended in Pala, “protector”, the Palas rescued
not an unbiased appraisal and present the emperor’s
Bengal from the chaos into which it had fallen after
the death of Shashanka, a rival of Harsha of Kanauj. actions in an overly favourable light.
The founder of the dynasty was Gopala. 147. (c) In Harshavardhana court, a Chinese embassy
142. (a) Rashtrakuta constructed the Ellora Kailash was sent by T’ang emperor. The T’ang dynasty was
Temple. Kailash Temple is situated near the village formed in 618 due to the failed exhibitions to Korea
of Ellora, 30 km from Aurangabad. The temple is by the Sui, which had led to conflicts in the north
considered as one of the most astonishing buildings of China. The T’ang’s founder, Li Yuan was a rebel
in the history of architecture. This is one of the from an aristocratic family (traced from the Han)
largest 34 excavations at Ellora, which took almost that was influential under the Northern Zhou. The
a century. Kailash Temple is dedicated to Lord T’ang took some time to establish, in part due to a
Shiva. The idol measures 109 feet wide by 164 feet rebellion in 617 that took several years to succeed
long. with the help of the Turks.
148. (c) The Rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram 153. (b) Emperor Harsha’s southward march was
were built under the patronage of the Pallava kings. stopped on the Narmada river by Pulkesin
Mahabalipuram lies on the Coromandel coast which II.When Pulakesin II (c. ad 610-643), eldest son of
faces the Bay of Bengal. This is an elegant place to Kirtivarman, came of age, he claimed the throne at
watch which was a well-established sea port during Vatapi but was resisted by his uncle, Mangalesa.
the 7th and 10th centuries of the Pallava dynasty. With the assistance of his brothers Vishnuvardhana
This was the second capital of the Pallavas who and Jayasimha, Pulakesin defeated and killed
ruled Kanchipuram. Mangalesa and ascended the throne in c. ad 610.
149. (b) Harshacharita was written by Banabhatta. 154. (d) Chandela built the Khajuraho temples.
Banabhatta was born around the 7th century in a Chandela, also spelled Candella, Rajput clan of Gond
village in India. He was born in Pritikuta village, origin that for some centuries ruled Bundelkhand
which was situated on the banks of Hiranyavahu. in north-central India and fought against the early
This village used to exist in the district, which is Muslim invaders. The first Chandela is thought to
now called, Chhapra. He was born to Chitrabhanu have ruled early in the 9th century CE. Chandela
and Rajadevi and his was a family of Vatsyayana dominion extended from the Yamuna (Jumna) river
Gotra. Born in a Brahman family, he was a poor in the north to the region of Saguar (now Sagar) and
but a clever child. Even during his childhood, he from the Dhasan river in the west to the Vindhya
showed signs of great potential and finished his hills.
education with much dedication and hard work. 155. (a) Arabs were defeated by Pratiharas in 738 AD.
150. (a) The religious conference was held by Indian inscriptions confirm this invasion but record
king Harshavardhana at Kannauj and Prayag. A the Arab success only against the smaller states in
courier brought the distressing intelligence that Gujarat. They also record the defeat of the Arabs at
Grahavarman, king of Kanauj, and husband of two places. The southern army moving south into
Rajyasri, sister of the princes, had been slain by the Gujarat was repulsed at Navsari by the south Indian
King of Malwa, who cruelly misused the princess,
emperor Vikramaditya II of the Chalukya dynasty
“confining her like a brigand’s wife, with a pair
and Rashtrakutas.
of iron fetters kissing her feet.” The young king,
156. (d) The Dilwara temple is located at Mount Abu.
resolute to avenge his sister’s wrongs, started at
It seems fairly basic temple from outside but the
once with a mobile force of ten thousand cavalry,
interior showcases the extraordinary work of human
leaving the elephants and heavy troops behind in his
craftsmanship at its best. These temples were built
brother’s charge.
between 11th to 13th century AD. The beautiful
151. (a) Tai Tsung sent Hiuen-Tsang as envoy to
lush green hills surrounding the temple gives a very
Harsha’s court. According to the Chinese pilgrim
pleasant feeling.
Xuanzang, who visited his kingdom in 636, Harsha
built numerous Stupas in the name of Buddha. 157. (a) Sankaracharya founded the four Mathas
Xuanzang entered a grand competition organized in the four corners of India. Shankara was born
by Harsha and won the theological debate. Harsha at Kaladi in Kerala as a result of austerities and
also became a patron of art and literature. He made earnest prayers of his childless parents to Lord
numerous endowments to the University at Nalanda. Shiva. Shankara’s father Shivaguru and mother
152. (c) Karnaswarna was the capital of Sasanka.Hiuen- Aryambal were Namboodiri Brahmin couples who
Tsang gives a graphic description of Karnasarna, led a holy life performing Vedic rituals ordained for
which acquaints us with the locality and its people. a householder. However, they were childless.
According to him, “the country was well inhabited 158. (a) The Lingaraja temple built during the medieval
and the people were very rich. The land was low period is at Bhubaneshwar. The Lingaraj temple –
and moist, farming operations were regular, flowers the largest of these is an outstanding specimen of
and fruits were abundant, the climate was temperate the Orissa style of temple building. It is about a
and the people were of good character and were thousand years old. Bhubaneshwar, Konarak and
patrons of learning.” This description indicates the Puri constitute the Golden triangle of Orissa, visited
prosperous state of the country. in large numbers by pilgrims and tourists.
History || A-65
159. (c) The presiding diety of Bhojsala temple is 165. (c) The famous idol of Gomateshwar and famous
goddess Saraswati. Bhojshala is one of the most Jain temple is situated at Sravanbelgola. From
significant monuments of Madhya Pradesh as a Mangalore to Karkala is the Jain temple and the
whole as it spots the land of Dhar. It is an ancient giant statue of lord Gomateshwara. This nude statue
monument that had been dedicated to goddess of Bhagban Bahubali attracts thousands of foreign
Saraswati. This was the only temple that was visitors because of its beautiful carvings. The statue
dedicated to this deity of the Hindu cult. is situated on top of a rock in the centre of the town,
160. (c) Gopuram is not a feature of north Indian temple so one needs to take up the flight of rocky steps to
architecture. In the north, the Shikhara remains reach the statue.
the most prominent element of the temple and the 166. (a) ‘Ramayanam’ the Tamil version of the
gateway is usually modest. In the south, enclosure
great epic Ramayana was made by Kamban.
walls were built around the whole complex and
Ramavataram, popularly referred to as Kamba
along these walls, ideally set along the east-west and
Ramayanam, is a Tamil epic that was written by
north-south axes, elaborate and often magnificent
Kamban during the 12th century. Based onValmiki’s
gateways called Gopurams led the devotees into the
sacred courtyard. Ramayana in Sanskrit, the story describes the life of
161. (b) Rath temples of Mahabalipuram were built in king Rama of Ayodhya. However, Ramavataram is
the reign of Narasinghvarman I. There are about different from the Sanskrit original in many aspects
nine monolithic temples at Mahabalipuram. They – both in spiritual concepts and in the specifics of
are the unique contribution of the Pallavas to Indian the story line.
art. The monolithic temples are called locally as 167.
(c) Mahavastu is not a work on architecture.
Ratha (chariot) as they resemble the processional Mahavastu is more refined version of Vastu Shastra.
chariots of a temple. The five Rathas, the best of all Vastu Shastra being a very old subject didn’t have a
monolithic temples, are hewn out of a huge boulder. proper procedure to apply the beneficial wisdom in
162. (b) Rajaraja I the Chola Kings conquered Ceylon modern lifestyle. Due to lack of proper research and
(Sinhal) first. Rajaraja began his career by the documentation of results, it has never been possible
conquest of the Chera country. He defeated to give it a scientific working procedure.
Chera king Bhaskara Ravivarman, whose fleet he 168. (c) Nivartana was a land measure containing 400
destroyed in the port of Kandalur. He also seized square poles of ten cubits each, according to the
Pandya Amara Bhujanga and captured the port of Lilavati.
Vilinam. By his campaign against the Singhalees 169. (c) Rajashekhara has mentioned the river Narmada
he annexed northern Ceylon, building a number of as the dividing line between Aryavarta and
stone temples in the Ceylonese capital Polonnaruva. Dakshinapatha. Sanskrit literature names as the
163. (a) The seven Pagodas of Mahabalipuram are dividing-line between Aryavarta or the Uttarapatha
a witness to the art patronised by the Pallavas.
and the Dakshinapatha, i.e. between northern and
Interestingly, it is documented in “Carta Cartalana”,
southern India, sometimes the Vindhya mountains,
a 14th century Spanish world map as “Setemelti”
sometimes the river Nerbudda (Narmada, Narbada)
referring to “Sette Templi”, the obvious reference to
which, flowing close along the south of the Vindhya
the Seven Shore temples, of which only one exists
range, empties itself into the gulf of Cambay near
today.
164. (d) The famous Kailash temple is located at Broach, in Gujarat.
Ellora. The Kailash temple is notable for its vertical 170. (b) Sugandhadevi who issued coins with the
excavation—carvers started at the top of the original figure of seated Lakshmi was a queen of Kashmir.
rock, and excavated downward. The traditional The auspicious markings on Srimati Radharani’s
methods were rigidly followed by the master lotus feet include the signs of the conchshell, moon,
architect which could not have been achieved by elephant, barleycorn, rod for controlling elephants,
excavating from the front. chariot flag, small drum, svastika and fish.
171. (b) Nimbarakacharya believed in the theory 174. (b) Kanauj was known as Mahodaya. Kannuaj
of Bheda-abheda. Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu remained a focal point for the three powerful
amalgamated the views of all the previous Acaryas dynasties, namely the Gurjara Pratiharas, Palas and
in his thesis of Acintya-bhedabheda Tattva explicitly Rashtrakutas, between the 8th and 10th centuries.
explained by Sri Baladeva Vidyabhusana in his The conflict between the three dynasties has been
Govinda Bhasya of the Vedanta-sutra. referred to as the Tripartite struggle by many
historians.
172. (a) Adhaka is the smallest measure. Equal
175. (d) Vaital Deul, the Odishan temples, has a
attention is given to the measurement of time, based
Shikhar of Dravidian style.Vaital Deul temple is a
on the device named the Nalika, being the time
eight century temple situated near Bindu Sarovar
taken for one Adhaka of water to flow out of a pot where main deity is Chamunda, the Tantric form of
through a hole of the same diameter as that of a wire goddess Durga.
4 angulas long, made from 4 masas of gold. 176. (d) Trayipurusha temple at Salotgi was a well
173. (d) Astangasangraha is a text on medicine. This known centre of higher education. Shri Narayan,
book ‘Astanga Sangraha’ of Acarya Vagbhata is an minister to the Rastrakulta king of South India,
ancient authoritative text on Ayurveda studies many constructed a temple in Salotgi ( Bijapur ) which
centuries by students, scholars and practitioners in the twelfth century became a centre for Vedic
of Indian medicine. Because of its archaic style of education. Many buildings were built there for
composition and terse language certain amount of students to stay in. A description of this says that
difficulty is being experienced. five hundred acres of land were donated ( Epigraphia
India ) for classrooms, lodging and boarding.
5
Ancient History
(Miscellaneous)
1. The credit of the discovery of the first Palaeolith in (a) Asmaka (b) Avanti
India which opened the field of prehistoric studies (c) Matsya (d) Vatsa
in the country goes to 9. The Sangam text Tolkappiyam is a work on
(a) Burkitt (a) Astronomy (b) Grammar
(b) De Terra and Paterson (c) Music (d) Medicine
(c) Robert Bruce Foote 10. Which among the following dynasties is not
(d) H D Sankalia mentioned in the Sangam literature?
2. The temple of Angkorwat in Combodia was (a) Chola (b) Chera
dedicated to (c) Pandya (d) Pallava
(a) Buddha (b) Tara 11. Which one of the following texts describes the
(c) Shiva (d) Vishnu difficult sea voyage of Indian merchants to Kataha
3. Who among the following is known to have island?
regulated the course of Vitasta in Kashmir by his (a) Periplus of the Erythriyan Sea
engineering operations? (b) Samaraichchakaha
(a) Vajraditya (b) Damodargupta (c) Baveru Jataka
(c) Sura (d) Suyya (d) Milindapanho
4. From which of the following regions, the remains 12. A Homo erectus skull was found at one of the
of Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic cultures following sites
have been found in a sequence? (a) Hathnora in Narmada valley
(a) Kashmir valley (b) Krishna valley (b) Hoshangabad in Narmada valley
(c) Belan valley (d) Godavary valley (c) Baghor in Son valley
5. How many of the sixteen Mahajanapadas were (d) Bansghat in Belan valley
situated in the Ganga valley? 13. The earliest evidence of agriculture in Indian
(a) 8 (b) 9 subcontinent has been obtained from
(c) 10 (d) 11 (a) Brahmagiri (b) Chirand
6. By which ruler Pataliputra was chosen for the first (c) Mehargarh (d) Burzahom
time as a capital? 14. Robert Bruce Foote, who discovered first
(a) Bimbisara (b) Ajatsatru Palaeolithic tool in India, was originally a
(c) Udayin (d) Sisunaga (a) Palaeobotanist (b) Geologist
7. In which Indian state, Inamgam is located? (c) Archaeologist (d) Historian
(a) Maharashtra (b) Gujarat 15. Who among the following had introduced
(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Andhra Pradesh Vaishnavism in Kamrupa?
8. In which Mahajanapada was situated the city of (a) Chaitanya (b) Purandra Dasa
Mahishmati? (c) Ramanuja (d) Shankaradeva
A-68 || Ancient History (Miscellaneous)
16. In which type of marriage, payment of bride price 26. Who among the following was the Tamil poet in
was a condition? Sangam age from Sri Lanka?
(a) Aasura (b) Brahma (a) Gajabahu
(c) Davia (d) Gandharva (b) Eelattu Poothanthevnar
17. Who among the following was considered to be (c) Ilambodhiyar
first successor for Stridhana? (d) Tetradaran
(a) Husband (b) Son 27. In the early period of Indian history, Tondi was a
(c) Daughter (d) Daughter in law flourishing seaport of
18. Who among the following scholars established (a) Cheras (b) Cholas
Vajrayana sect of Buddhism in Tibet? (c) Pandyas (d) Andhras
(a) Shanta Rakshita (b) Padma Sambhava 28. Which of the following texts supplies evidence for
(c) Dharm Raksha (d) Kumarajiva polyandry?
19. Tiruvachakam, which occupies a place in Tamil (a) Manimekalai (b) Silppadikaram
sacred literature analogous to the Upanishads,
(c) Mahabharat (d) Ramayana
contains the compositions of
29. Ancient Pushkalavati has been identified with
(a) Sambandar (b) Appar
(a) Balkh (b) Charsadda
(c) Sundar (d) Manikkavachakar
(c) Hadda (d) Sirkap
20. Jeevak the royal physician of Rajgrih was the son
30. The mention of Ayodhya occurs for the first time
of the Ganika named as
in
(a) Shalwati (b) Ramaniya
(c) Basantsena (d) Amrapali (a) Rigveda (b) Atharvaveda
21. Which one of the following sites is famous for (c) Ramayana (d) Mahabharata
prehistoric paintings? 31. Which of the following is not a Buddhist writing?
(a) Bagh (b) Ajanta (a) Baveru Jataka (b) Dasarath Jataka
(c) Bhimbetka (d) Amrawati (c) Sibi Jataka (d) Yavana Jataka
22. The earliest evidence of Silk in India comes from 32. The area between rivers Saraswati and Drisadvati
the archaeological site of has been defined by the Manusmriti as
(a) Bhagwanpura (b) Nevasa (a) Aryavarta (b) Brahmavarta
(c) Rangpur (d) Ropar (c) Brahmarshidesa (d) Saptasaindhava
23. Which one of the following Janapadas was 33. An upper Palaeolithic Mother Goddess made of
republican state in sixth century BC? bone has been obtained from
(a) Kosala (b) Anga (a) Godavari valley (b) Narmada valley
(c) Mayadha (d) Vajji (c) Son valley (d) Belan valley
24. Dogs were buried in human burials at 34. The Indian king who opposed Alexander was
(a) Gufkral (b) Burzahom (a) Ambhi
(c) Martand (d) Mehargarh (b) Porus
25. Ash mounds are related to the Neolithic culture (c) Dhanananda
of (d) Chandragupta Maurya
(a) Eastern India 35. In ancient India, the earliest capital of Magadha
(b) South India kingdom was at
(c) Northern Vindhyas (a) Pataliputra (b) Rajgir
(d) Kashmir valley (c) Vaishali (d) Nalanda
History || A-69
36. By whom, the first republic of the world was 47. Which of the following were the patrons of
established in Vaishali? Sangam, an assembly of Tamil poets?
(a) Maurya (b) Nand (a) Cheras (b) Cholas
(c) Lichhavi (d) Gupta (c) Pandyas (d) Kadambas
37. Mahajanapada situated on the bank of river 48. Who was the president of third Tamil Sangam?
Godawari was (a) Nakkirara (b) Agustya
(a) Avanti (b) Vatsa (c) Tolkappiyara (d) Kapilara
(c) Asmaka (d) Kamboja 49. In sixth century BC, Suktimati was the capital
38. The list of sixteen Mahajanapadas is available in of
(a) Mahabharata
(a) Panchala (b) Kuru
(b) Chhandogya Upanishad
(c) Chedi (d) Avanti
(c) Samyukta Nikaya
50. The southern most Mahajanapada was
(d) Anguttar Nikaya
(a) Avanti (b) Asmaka
39. Who was the founder of Nanda dynasty?
(c) Chedi (d) Matsya
(a) Bimbisar (b) Dhanananda
(c) Ramananda (d) Mahapadamananda 51. Name of the Mahajanapada, which was a
40. When Alexander invaded India, who were the confederacy of eight republican clans?
rulers of Magadha? (a) Vatsa (b) Magadha
(a) Haryankas (b) Shishunagas (c) Vajji (d) Malla
(c) Nandas (d) Mauryas 52. The earliest inscriptions were written in which
41. Who among the following discovered the language?
Monsoon? (a) Pali (b) Prakrit
(a) Herodotus (b) Hippalus (c) Sanskrit (d) Tamil
(c) Homer (d) Ptotemy 53. Which of these epics is also known as Satasahsri
42. Who of the following has been compared to Samhita?
Parashuram in the Puranas? (a) Ramayana (b) Mahabharata
(a) Kharavela (c) Rigveda (d) Manusmriti
(b) Gautamiputra Satakarni 54. Where did the game of Chess originated?
(c) Pushyamitra Sunga (a) India (b) Persia
(d) Mahapadma Nanda (c) Arabia (d) Europe
43. Which of the following was not an ancient seaport? 55. The subject matter of Ajanta paintings pertains to
(a) Tamralipti (b) Bhrigukachchha
(a) Jainism (b) Buddhism
(c) Vidisha (d) Shurparaka
(c) Vaishnavism (d) Shaivism
44. The Third Tamil Sangam was held at
56. Periya Puranam is a work on
(a) Tanjore (b) Madurai
(a) Bengal Vaishnavism
(c) Kanjeevaram (d) Mahabalipuram
(b) Tamil Saivism
45. Who was the founder of Kaveripattanam?
(a) Karikal (b) Rajraja (c) Kashmir Saivism
(c) Senguttuvan (d) None of these (d) Ujjain Saktism
46. Which of the following is called The Bible of 57. The story of the transformation of a dancing girl
Tamil? into a Buddhist nun is narrated in
(a) Tolkappiyam (b) Silappadikaram (a) Silappadikaram (b) Tolkappiyam
(c) Manimekalai (d) Kural (c) Paripadal (d) Manimekhalai
ANSWER KEY
1. (c) 9. (b) 17. (c) 25. (b) 33. (d) 41. (b) 49. (c) 57. (d)
2. (d) 10. (d) 18. (b) 26. (c) 34. (b) 42. (d) 50. (b)
3. (d) 11. (b) 19. (d) 27. (a) 35. (b) 43. (c) 51. (c)
4. (c) 12. (a) 20. (a) 28. (c) 36. (c) 44. (b) 52. (a)
5. (c) 13. (c) 21. (c) 29. (b) 37. (c) 45. (a) 53. (b)
6. (c) 14. (b) 22. (b) 30. (a) 38. (d) 46. (d) 54. (a)
7. (a) 15. (d) 23. (d) 31. (d) 39. (d) 47. (c) 55. (b)
8. (b) 16. (a) 24. (b) 32. (b) 40. (c) 48. (a) 56. (b)
Hints & Solutions

1. (c) Robert Bruce Foote was a British geologist and situated along the right bank of the Ghod river, it is
archaeologist who conducted geological surveys considered to be the regional centre of the Bhima
of prehistoric locations in India for the Geological valley.
Survey of India. 8. (b) Mahishamati and Ujjaini were the capital
2. (d) The temple of Angkorwat in Combodia was of Southern and Northern Avanti Mahajanapada,
dedicated to Vishnu, the supreme god of Hinduism. respectively.
The temple was built by the Khmer king Suryavarman II 9. (b) The Tolkappiyam is a work on the grammar of
in the early 12th century. the Tamil language and the earliest extant work of
3. (d) Suyya is known by his engineering operations, Tamil literature written by Tholkappiyar.
regulated the course of the Vitasta in Kashmir,
13. (c) Mehargarh is one of the most important
thereby arresting the devastating periodical floods
Neolithic (7000 to 2500 BCE) sites in archaeology.
and consequent famine and promoted irrigation and
It lies on the Kacchi plain of Balochistan, Pakistan.
agricultural operations over an extensive area.
It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming
4. (c) In the Belan valley (Uttar Pradesh), all the three and herding in South Asia.
phases, the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic,
15. (d) Shankaradeva was a 15th–16th century
have been found in sequence.
Assamese polymath, a saint-scholar, poet, playwright,
5. (c) In ancient India, a number of kingdoms emerged social-religious reformer and a figure of importance
during the Vedic age that were spread across the in the cultural and religious history of Assam.
Indo-Gangetic plain. These kingdoms were also Shankaradeva introduced the ‘Eka Saran Naba
called as republics and 16 of them were regarded as Vaishnava Dharma’ in Assam and for its propagation,
the Mahajanapadas. 10 out of the 16 Mahajanapadas wrote and translated a huge number of songs and
were situated in the Ganga valley. couplets, dramas, epic poetry, theoretical essays,
6. (c) Udayin choose Pataliputra as a capital because ‘nat’, ‘bhaona’ and the like.
Pataliputra was located in the centre of Magadhan
16. (a) In Asura marriage, bridegroom gave as much
empire. The earliest capital of Magadha was at Rajgir,
wealth as he could afford to the bride’s relatives, not
which was called Girivraja at that time.
in accordance with the injunctions of the scriptures
7. (a) Inamgaon is a post-Harappan agrarian village because it was like buying the bride, which was
and archaeological site located in Maharashtra prohibited.
History || A-71
18. (b) In 747, the Indian master Padma Sambhava lotus city has been identified with the region we now
travelled from Afghanistan to bring Vajrayana know as Charsadda and its neighbourhood.
Buddhism to Tibet and Bhutan at the request of the 31. (d) Yavana Jataka is not a Buddhist writing. Sage
king of Tibet. Yavana, who belonged to the Alexander period, wrote
19. (d) Tiruvachakam, which occupies a place in Tamil Yavana Jataka. He was an astrologer in the Greek
sacred literature analogous to the Upanishadas, court in India.
32. (b) The land between the Saraswati and Drishadvati
contains the compositions of Manikkavachakar.
was called the Brahmavarta. The place which first
20. (a) Jeevak was the royal physician during the reign
witnessed the creation of mankind came to be known
of Ajatashatru and Bimbisara of Magadha empire. He as Brahmavarta or the seat of Brahma.
was the son of the Ganika named Shalwati. 33. (d) Mother goddess of bone has been obtained from
21. (c) The rock shelters of Bhimbetka are a repository the upper Palaeolithic level of the Belan valley.
of rock paintings within natural rock shelters with 34. (b) Porus was an Indian king who fought Alexander
archaeological evidences from the Palaeolithic and the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes river in 326
Mesolithic periods through the Chalcolithic to the BC and was defeated. He then served Alexander as
Medieval period. a client king.
23. (d) Vajji Janapada was republican state in sixth 36. (c) Lichhavis established the first republic of the
century BC. Its capital was Vaishali. The Vajji world in Vajji Mahajanapada of ancient India.
republic was ruled by a confederation of eight clans They were the most famous clan amongst the ruling
confederate clans of the Vajji. Vaishali was the capital
(Atthakula) of whom the Vrijis, the Lichchavis, the
of the Lichhavis,
Jnatrikass and the Videhas were the most important.
37. (c) Asmaka was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas
24. (b) Burzahom was the first Neolithic site to be in the 6th century BCE, mentioned in the Buddhist
discovered in Kashmir. After the excavation, many text Anguttara Nikaya. The region was located on
burials of this phase were discovered, usually under the banks of the Godavari river, between the rivers
house floors or in the compounds. Apart from human Godavari and Manjira.
burials, animals were sometimes buried along with 38. (d) The ancient Buddhist text Anguttara Nikaya
humans or in separate graves. The buried animals are gives the list of sixteen Mahajanapadas includes
domesticated animals like dogs, sheep and goats. the Gandhara and the Kamboja as the only two
25. (b) In South India, in the central part of Deccan salient Mahajanapadas in the Uttarapatha. Another
plateau, archaeologists have discovered ash mounds Buddhist text Digha Nikaya mentions only twelve
Mahajanapadas.
of varying sizes and shapes with uneven surface either
41. (b) Hippalus was a Greek navigator and merchant
covered with soil or grass.
who probably lived in the 1st century BCE. He
26. (b) According to legends, the origin of ‘Sri Lankan discovered the monsoon winds and the route across
Tamil literature dates back to the Sangam age the Arabian Sea to India around 45 AD.
dated variously from 200 BCE to 600 CE. Eelattu 42. (d) Parashurama is most known for ridding the world
Poothanthevanar was one of the earliest known of Kshatriyas over twenty-one times. Mahapadma
classical Tamil poets. His poems were included in Nanda, who has been described as “the destroyer of
the Tamil Sangam or Cankam poetry anthologies all the Kshatriyas”, defeated the Panchalas, Kasis,
compiled in Tamilakam before 250 AD. Haihayas, Kalingas, Asmakas, Kurus, Maithilas,
27. (a) Chera dynasty was one of the most ancient Tamil Surasenas and the Vitihotras. So, Mahapadma Nanda
dynasties in India, ruling over modern-day Tamil has been compared to Parashurama in the Puranas.
Nadu and Kerala. During the Sangam age, Tondi was 43. (c) Vidisha was not an ancient seaport. Vidisha was
one of the most flourishing seaports of Kerala. an important trade centre in the 6th and 5th centuries
29. (b) Pushkalavati, meaning the Lotus City in BCE, under the Sungas, Nagas, Satavahanas, and
Sanskrit, was the earliest capital of Gandhara. The Guptas, and was mentioned in the Pali scriptures.
46. (d) The classical work Tamil literature Tiru Kural was called Chaturanga, which appears to have been
called the Bible of Tamil land. It consists of series invented in the 6th century AD.
of metrical proverbs and many aspects of life and 55. (b) The subject matter of most of the paintings
religion. Kural by Thiruvalluvar has been translated at Ajanta is the life and teachings of Buddha. This
into many languages both Indian and foreign. covers various lives and incarnations of Buddha as
told in Jataka stories. The rocks here in Ajanta are
47. (c) Pandyas were the patrons of Sangam, an
cut in the shapes of Chaitya, Stupa and Vihara – all
assembly of Tamil poets. Pandya kings find mention
are important religious places of Buddhists.
in a number of poems in the Sangam literature.
56. (b) The Periya Puranam is a classical Tamil
49. (c) Chedi kingdom was one among the many scripture that describes the lives of 63 Saivite saints.
kingdoms ruled during early periods by Paurava kings It has immense influence over the devotional tradition
in the central and western India. Suktimati was the of Saivism in south India. It was compiled during the
capital of Chedi. 12th century by Sekkizhar.
50. (b) Asmaka was the only Mahajanapada situated 57. (d) Manimekhalai is a second-century Tamil verse
to the south of the Vindhya range and was in epic reflects the ancient culture of India in the story of
a beautiful young dancer who abandons her future as a
Dakshinapatha or southern India.
courtesan in order to dedicate her life to the pursuit of
54. (a) Many countries claim to have invented the chess
Buddhism. She became a Buddhist nun or Bhikshuni
game in some incipient form. The most commonly
and practiced to rid herself from the bondage of birth
held belief is that chess originated in India, where it and death and attain Nirvana.
6 Delhi Sultanate
1. Who was the first ruler of the Slave dynasty? 8. Which sultan of Delhi made a rule that, in any
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak given year, the land revenue can be increased
(b) Iltutmish only nominally, viz. one-tenth or one-eleventh of
(c) Sultan Mahmud the fixed revenue?
(d) Balban (a) Balban
2. Who abolished Iqta system? (b) Alauddin Khilji
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak (b) Iltutmish (c) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(c) Balban (d) Alauddin Khilji (d) Firozshah Tughlaq
3. The ruler of Bundelkhand defeated by Qutubuddin 9. Tarikh-e-Ferozshahi was written by
Aibak was (a) Al-Utbi (b) Barni & Afif
(c) Roomi (d) Amir Khusro
(a) Parmardi Deva (b) Lakshman Sen
10. The Turkish brought with them musical instruments.
(c) Uday Singh (d) Malayvarma Deva
(a) Rabab and Sarangi
4. Which Sultan of Delhi founded and built the Fort
(b) Sitar and Flute
of Siri?
(c) Veena and Tabla
(a) Iltutmish
(d) Tanpura and Mridanga
(b) Balban
11. Who of the following was responsible for the
(c) Alauddin Khilji
murder of his father?
(d) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(a) Balban
5. Who among the following Amirs was the one (b) Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
publicly flogged by the orders of Sultan Balban? (c) Alauddin Khilji
(a) Haibat Khan (b) Imaduddin Raihan (d) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(c) Sher Khan (d) Malik Baqbaq 12. Which of the following works of Amir Khusro
6. Who was the Governor of Kara-Manikpur to have deals with the military expeditions of Alauddin
revolted against Sultan Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji? Khilji?
(a) Arkali Khan (b) Almas Beg (a) Qairanus Sadain (b) Miftah-Ul-Futuh
(c) Jawna Khan (d) Malik Chajju (c) Nuh Siphar (d) Khazain-Ul-Futuh
7. Who among the following were called ‘Neo- 13. Who among the following foreign historians
Muslims’ during the reign of Jalaluddin Firoz is considered an authority on the history of the
Khilji? Delhi Sultanate?
(a) Mongols (b) Indian Muslims (a) Richard Fox (b) Peter Jackson
(c) Tazikh (d) Abyssinians (c) Aden Southall (d) Chris Bayly
A-74 || Delhi Sultanate
14. Which Sultan of Delhi categorized the Ulema 22. Balban failed to expand his territories because of
into ‘Ulma-i-Akhiral’ and ‘Ulma-i-Duniya’ and (a) Non-co-operation of nobles
praised the former? (b) Resistance of the Rajputs
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak (b) Iltutmish (c) Fear of Mongol invaders
(c) Balban (d) Alauddin Khilji (d) Revolt of his son
15. About which Sultan of Delhi did Barani write 23. Which one of the following was not constructed
that he had his Amirs murdered silently? by Qutubuddin Aibak ?
(a) Balban (a) Kubbat-ul-Islam mosque
(b) Alauddin Khilji (b) Qutub Minar
(c) Qutbuddin Mubarak Khilji (c) Adhai Din Ka Jhopada
(d) Mohammad Bin Tughlaq (d) Alai Darwaja
16. Who was the author of Futuhat-i-Firozshahi? 24. During the time of Alauddin’s invasion, Warangal
(a) Shams-i-Siraj Afif was ruled by
(b) Isami (a) Chalukya dynasty (b) Chola dynasty
(c) Ziauddin Barani (c) Kakatiya dynasty (d) Yadava dynasty
(d) Sultan Firoz Shah 25. Which new department was started by Muhammad
17. The city of Jaunpur was founded by Bin Tughlaq for the development of agriculture?
(a) Mohmmad Bin Tughlaq (a) Diwan-i-Risalat (b) Diwan-i-Ashraf
(b) Firoz Shah Tughlaq (c) Diwan-i-Kohi (d) Diwan-i-Mustkharaz
(c) Ibrahim Lodi 26. Who among the following constituted Turkan-i-
(d) Sikandar Lodi Chihalgani?
18. The first Silver Tanka of Delhi Sultanate was (a) Qutubuddin Aibak (b) Iltutmish
issued by (c) Balban (d) None of these
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak 27. Which one of the following Sultans was an off
(b) Iltutmish spring of Iltutmish, and was the last successor of
(c) Razia Sultan his dynasty?
(d) Ghiyasuddin Balban (a) Ruknuddin Firoz
19. Which one of the following represented the royal (b) Razia Sultana
secretariat during the Sultanate period? (c) Muizuddin Bahram Shah
(a) Diwan-i-Arz (b) Diwan-i-Insha (d) Nasiruddin Mahmud
(c) Diwan-i-Wizarat (d) Diwan-i-Barid 28. Which one of the following sons of Alauddin
20. During the reign of which Delhi Sultan, the state Khilji was born of his wife Jhatyapali, the daughter
department of translation was established for of Raja Ramchandra Dev of Devagiri?
translating Sanskrit texts into Arabic-Persian and (a) Shihabuddin Umar
vice-versa? (b) Khizra Khan
(a) Sikandar Lodi (c) Qutbuddin Mubarak
(b) Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Khilji (d) Sadi Khan
(c) Mohammad Tughlaq 29. The ethnic composition of the armies of
(d) Razia Sultana Ghaznavids did not include the
21. Which one of the following names was not (a) Arabs (b) Indians
included in the Khutba of Firoz Shah Tughlaq? (c) Tajiks (d) Greeks
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak 30. The ‘Tibb-i-Sikandari’, which was compiled
(b) Balban from Sanskrit sources dealt with
(c) Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Khilji (a) Astronomy (b) Medicine
(d) Mohammad Bin Tughlaq (c) Music (d) Philosophy
History || A-75
31. The term ‘Sondhar’ as loans to peasants was used 40. Which one of the following Sultans’ currency
during the time of continued as the medium of exchange till the
(a) Balban time of Akbar?
(b) Alauddin Khilji (a) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
(c) Muhammad Tughlaq (b) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(d) Firoz Tughlaq (c) Bahlol Lodhi
32. Who among the following Sultans invoked (d) Ibrahim Lodhi
Persian monarchical traditions and adjusted them 41. Most authoritative account of Malik Kafur’s
to Indian milieu? deccan campaign is given by
(a) Iltutmish (a) Amir Khusro (b) Hasan Nizami
(b) Ruknuddin Firoz (c) Minhaj (d) Ziauddin Barani
(c) Alauddin Khilji 42. Which one of the following Sultans had close
(d) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq contact with the Jain scholars?
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak
33. Which of the following represented the Royal
(b) Balban
secretariat during the Sultanate period?
(c) Alauddin Khilji
(a) Diwan-i-Arz (b) Diwan-i-Insha
(d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
(c) Diwan-i-Wizarat (d) Diwan-i-Barid
43. ‘Important aspect of the Turkish conquest of
34. Shashgani was a small silver coin equal to
North India was the Urban revolution.’ Who said
(a) 4 Jitals (b) 6 Jitals this statement?
(c) 8 Jitals (d) 10 Jitals (a) K.A. Nizami (b) M. Habib
35. The bone of contention between Bahmani and (c) R.P. Tripathi (d) Yusuf Hussain
Vijayanagar kingdom was 44. Nizamuddin Junaidi was the Wazir of
(a) Kavery delta (a) Muizzuddin Ghori (b) Qutubuddin Aibak
(b) Malabar parts (c) Iltutmish (d) Balban
(c) Krishna delta 45. Who among the following historians had accom-
(d) Krishna-Tungabhadra doab panied Alauddin Khilji in his Deccan campaign?
36. The difference between Gaz-i-Sikandari and Gaz- (a) Hasan Nizami (b) Minhaj
i-Ilahi was (c) Amir Khusro (d) Ziauddin Barani
(a) 39 : 41 (b) 40 : 43 46. Amir Khusro wrote his famous masanavi ‘Ashiqa’
(c) 42 : 45 (d) 43 : 47 on the order of
37. Who among the following Sultans received the (a) Alauddin Khilji (b) Khizra Khan
title of ‘Syed-us-Salatin’ from the Caliph? (c) Rai Karan (d) Rani Kamla Devi
(a) Iltutmish 47. Which one of the following was not a slave of
(b) Balban Muhammad Ghori?
(c) Alauddin Khilji (a) Ikhtiyaruddin Bakhtiyar Khilji
(d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq (b) Tajuddin Yaldauz
38. Who founded Agra? (c) Qutbuddin Aibak
(d) Shamsuddin Iltutmish
(a) Iltutmish (b) Firoz Tughlaq
48. The statement. “India is not Arabia, it is not
(c) Sikander Lodhi (d) Ibrahim Lodhi
practically feasible to convert it into Qarul
39. Ibn Battuta visited India during the reign of Islam.” is associated with
(a) Jalaluddin Firoz Shah (a) Iltutmish
(b) Alauddin Khilji (b) Balban
(c) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (c) Alauddin Khilji
(d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
49. With which Sultan of Delhi do you associate the 57. Which one of the following Sultans is credited
compilation of Kingship theory and principles of with the appointment of ‘Amir-Sadah’ in the
administration called ‘Vassayya” ? provinces?
(a) Iltutmish (a) Alauddin Khilji
(b) Balban (b) Muhammad Tughlaq
(c) Alauddin Khilji (c) Firoz Tughlaq
(d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq (d) Bahlol Lodi
50. Which one of the following works of Amir 58. The state language of India during the Turkish
Khusro deals with the military expeditions of period was
Alauddin Khilji? (a) Arabic (b) Persian
(a) Nuh Siphar (b) Khajain-ul-Futuh (c) Turkish (d) Urdu
(c) Miftah-ul-Futuh (d) Quairanus Sadain 59. According to historian Ziauddin Barani, the ideal
51. Who among the following scholars has been Sultan of Delhi was
given the title of Hujjat-ul-Islam? (a) Balban
(a) Shah Wali Ullah (b) Alauddin Khilji
(b) Abu Yazid Al Bistami (c) Firoj Shah Tughlaq
(c) Shaikh Junaid (d) Bahlol Lodi
(d) Abu Hamid Mohammad Al-Ghazali 60. Which one of the following Sultans had close
52. Which one of the following was not a currency in contact with the Jain scholars?
circulation under the Sultans of Delhi? (a) Qutbuddin Aibak
(a) Dam (b) Tanka (b) Balban
(c) Jital (d) Dogani (c) Alauddin Khilji
53. What was the name of Jain saint with whom (d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
Muhammad Tughlaq held discussions? 61. Which one of the following is an octagonal
(a) Rishabadeva (b) Hemchandra tomb?
(c) Jinasena Suri (d) Jinaprabha Suri (a) Tomb of Sikandar Lodi
54. Which one of the following Sultans of Delhi for (b) Tomb of Balban
the first time banned the visit of Muslim women (c) Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
to the tombs situated outside Delhi? (d) Tomb of Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(a) Balban 62. Which Sultan of the Sultanate period introduced
(b) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq irrigation tax for the first time?
(c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq (a) Allauddin Khilji
(d) Alauddin Khilji (b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
55. Which Muslim ruler played Holi for the first time (c) Muhammad Tughlaq
in Medieval India? (d) Firoz Tughlaq
(a) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq 63. With which Sufi saint of Delhi is associated the
(b) Humayun famous saying ‘Hanooz Dilli Door Ast’ ?
(c) Akbar (a) Nizamuddin Aulia
(d) Jahangir (b) Sheikh Salim Chisti
56. Who destroyed the Nalanda University in 1193 (c) Bhakhtiyaruddin Kaki
AD and burnt it down? (d) Mohammad Ghaus
(a) Muizuddin Muhammad Ghori 64. Who established Diwan-i-Mustakharaj?
(b) Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar (a) Qutubuddin Aibak
Khilji (b) Razia Sultana
(c) Mahmud Ghazni (c) Balban
(d) Qutubuddin Aibak (d) Alauddin Khilji
History || A-77
65. Who among the following Sultans of Delhi 74. Who of the following Sultans of Delhi had
founded the city of Agra? abolished the tax on grain (also called Zakat on
(a) Balban grain)?
(b) Alauddin Khilji (a) Alauddin Khilji
(c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(d) Sikandar Lodi (c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
66. Who among the following historians was made (d) Sikandar Lodi
prisoner by the Mongols?
75. What was Arghatta?
(a) Hasan Nizami (b) Minhaj-us-Siraj
(a) A machine to break forts
(c) Amir Khusrow (d) Ziauddin Barani
67. Who among the following Sultans introduced (b) An irrigation canal
professional courses in education? (c) A device to lift water
(a) Balban (d) A type of cloth
(b) Alauddin Khilji 76. At the time of Qutubuddin Aibak’s death,
(c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq Iltutmish was the Subedar of
(d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq (a) Delhi (b) Gwalior
68. Who among the following has given a detailed (c) Badayun (d) Lahore
account of the postal system during the Sultanate 77. Which of the following places was named as
period? Khizrabad during the Sultanate period?
(a) Amir Khusro (b) Ibn Battuta (a) Agra (b) Chittor
(c) Sultan Firoz Shah (d) Ziauddin Barani (c) Jaunpur (d) Devagiri
69. Which type of work was looked after by the 78. Who of the following was the Sultan of Delhi at
department of Diwan-i-Kohi under Muhammad
the time of Timur’s invasion?
Tughlaq?
(a) Daulat Khan Lodi
(a) Agriculture
(b) Army (b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(c) Justice (c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(d) Royal correspondence (d) Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah Tughlaq
70. The land which directly yielded revenue to the 79. On whose coins, the name of the last Calipha of
Sultan was known as Baghdad appeared for the first time?
(a) Khalisa (b) Inam (a) Qutubuddin Aibak
(c) Waqf (d) Iqta (b) Iltutmish
71. Ijaradari system was first introduced in (c) Alauddin Khilji
(a) Khalisa lands (b) Jagir lands (d) Alauddin Masud Shah
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these 80. Which Sultan of Delhi imposed Jaziya on the
72. Which one of the following Sultans brought the Brahmins also?
Ashokan pillar to Delhi? (a) Balban
(a) Ghiasuddin Tughlaq
(b) Firoz Tughlaq
(b) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
(c) Allauddin Khilji
(c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(d) Alauddin Khilji (d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
73. Who among the following died while playing 81. Which Sultan of Delhi assumed the title of
Chaugan? Alexander the Great?
(a) Iltutmish (a) Balban
(b) Alauddin Khilji (b) Alauddin Khilji
(c) Mohammad Tughlaq (c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
(d) Qutubuddin Aibak (d) Sikandar Lodi
82. Which Sultan of Delhi had established a separate 90. Who among the following Sultanate rulers
agriculture department and had planned the himself encouraged bribery in administration?
rotation of crops? (a) Balban
(a) Iltutmish (b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(b) Balban (c) Firoz Tughlaq
(c) Alauddin Khilji (d) Ibrahim Lodi
(d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq 91. Which of the following works describes the
83. Who amongst the following Sultans built the fifth qualities of an ideal Muslim ruler?
storey of Qutub Minar? (a) Taj-ul-Masir (b) Tabqat-e-Nasiri
(a) Qutbuddin Aibak (c) Khazain-ul-Futuh (d) Fatwa-e-Jahandari
(b) Iltutmish 92. Which one of the following Sultans assumed the
(c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq title ‘Umdat-ul-Niswan’ on the coins?
(d) Sikandar Lodi (a) Razia Sultana (b) Balban
84. Which medieval king of India indroduced the (c) Alauddin Khilji (d) Firoz Tughlaq
Iqkta system? 93. Who was the ruler of Devagiri at the time of
(a) Iltutmish (b) Balban Alauddin Khilji’s invasion?
(c) Alauddin Khilji (d) None of these (a) Pratap Rudra Dev (b) Ramchandra Dev
85. What was ‘Dar-ul-Shafa’ established by Firoz (c) Malik Kafoor (d) Rana Ratan Singh
Tughlaq? 94. The transfer of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad
(a) An alms house was ordered by Sultan
(b) A free hospital (a) Mubarak Shah Khilji
(c) A library (b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(d) A guest house for pilgrims (c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
86. Who were instrumental in deposing Raziya (d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Begum? 95. Which Sultan of Delhi was the first to charge
(a) Afghans (b) Mongols Ghari or House tax?
(c) Turkish (d) Arabs (a) Balban
87. For the first time, the token currency in India was (b) Alauddin Khilji
introduced by (c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
(a) Iltutmish (d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(b) Alauddin Khilji 96. Ibn Batutta visited India during the reign of
(c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (a) Ghayasuddin Tughlaq
(d) Sher Shah Suri (b) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
88. Which Muslim ruler enforced price control (c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
system for the first time? (d) Bahlol Lodi
(a) Iltutmish 97. Which one of the following kings of the medieval
(b) Balban India began the ‘Public Distribution System’?
(c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (a) Balban
(d) Alauddin Khilji (b) Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
89. Which of the following was not established by (c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Firoz Tughlaq? (d) Alauddin Khilji
(a) Diwan-i-Mustakharaj 98. Which Sultan of Delhi is said to have followed
(b) Diwan-i-Khairat the Policy of “Blood and Iron”?
(c) Diwan-i-Bandagan (a) Jalaluddin Khilji (b) Alauddin Khilji
(d) Darul Shafa (c) Balban (d) Iltutmish
History || A-79
99. For whom did historian Badayuni commented on 107. Who was the last ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty of
his death “Sultan got freedom from his masses the Delhi Sultanate?
and the masses from the Sultan”? (a) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(a) Iltutmish (b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq II
(b) Balban (c) Nasiruddin Mahmud
(c) Alauddin Khilji (d) Nusrat Shah
(d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq 108. Who was the founder of Sayyid dynasty?
100. Which Sultan of Delhi was a contemporary of the (a) Khizr Khan (b) Mubarak Shah
Mongol leader Chengiz Khan? (c) Muhammad Shah (d) Alauddin Alam Shah
(a) Iltutmish (b) Razia 109. The Sultan of Delhi who is reputed to have built
(c) Balban (d) Alauddin Khilji the biggest network of canals in India was
101. Who among the following established Delhi as (a) Iltutmish
(b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
the capital of Sultanate?
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak (b) Iltutmish
(d) Sikandar Lodi
(c) Razia (d) Muizzuddin Ghori
110. The term used for the measurement of land in the
102. Who of the following was the first woman ruler
Delhi Sultanate period was
of medieval India?
(a) Kismat-i-Ghalla (b) Masahat
(a) Razia Sultan (b) Chand Bibi (c) Ghalla Bakshi (d) Ghori
(c) Durgavati (d) Noorjahan 111. Which of the dynasties ruled for the shortest period
103. The city of Jaunpur was founded in the memory of time during to course of Delhi Sultanate?
of (a) Slave dynasty (b) Khilji dynasty
(a) Jalaluddin Khilji
(c) Sayyid dynasty (d) Lodi dynasty
(b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
112. The Sultan who desecrated the Puri Jagannath
(c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
temple and Jwalamukhi temple at Kangra was
(d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(a) Balban
104. Which of the following was not built by Firoz
(b) Alauddin Khilji
Shah Tughlaq?
(a) Palace Fort of Firozabad
(b) Kotla Firoz Shah (d) Sikandar Lodi
(c) City of Jahanpanah 113. The Lodi dynasty was founded by
(d) Hauz-i-Khas (a) Bahlol Lodi (b) Mubarak Shah
105. Which of the following Sultans had greatest (c) Sikandar Lodi (d) Ibrahim Lodi
number of slaves in his court? 114. Who was the first real king of Delhi Sultanate?
(a) Balban (a) Qutubuddin Aibak (b) Iltutmish
(b) Alauddin Khilji (c) Balban (d) Alauddin Khilji
(c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq 115. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq shifted his capital from
(d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq Delhi to
106. Who among the following appointed Ibn Battuta (a) Lahore (b) Kalinjan
as the Chief Qazi of Delhi? (c) Kannauj (d) Daulatabad
(a) Ghiyasuddin Balban 116. The famous poet Amir Khusro was associated
(b) Alauddin Khilji with the court of
(c) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (a) Qutubuddin Aibak (b) Alauddin Khilji
(d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (c) Sikandar Lodi (d) Akbar
117. Which of the following Sultans of Delhi was 126. Who was the last ruler of Jaunpur State?
known as Lakh Bakhsh? (a) Muhammad Shah (b) Hussain Shah
(a) Qutubuddin Aibak (b) Balban (c) Mubarak Shah (d) Ibrahim Shah
(c) Alauddin Khilji (d) Jalaluddin Khilji 127. Who was the founder of Gajapati dynasty of
118. Who has been described by Elliot as the Akbar of Orissa?
Sultanate? (a) Purushottama (b) Vidhyadhara
(a) Iltutmish (b) Balban (c) Kapilendra (d) Prataprudra
(c) Alauddin Khilji (d) Firoz Tughlaq 128. Zain-ul-Abdin, who prohibited cow slaughter, was
119. In the Delhi Sultanate, an administrative unit called a ruler of
paragana was headed by an official known as (a) Bengal (b) Gujarat
(a) Amil (b) Ariz (c) Malwa (d) Kashmir
(c) Shiqdar (d) Barid 129. The foreign traveller who visited and described
120. Who among the following Sultans was advised by Vijayanagar soon after its fall in the battle of
Qazi Mughisuddin to act according to the laws of Talikota, was
Shariat but the Sultan rejected his advice? (a) Abdur Razzak (b) Ceasar Frederick
(a) Alauddin Khilji (c) Nicolo Conti (d) Nuniz
(b) Jalaluddin Khilji 130. Who of the following Vijayanagar kings had
(c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq assumed the tittle ‘Andhra Bhoja’?
(d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq (a) Devaraya I (b) Devaraya II
121. Malik Kafur was the General of (c) Krishnadeva Raya(d) Virupaksha II
(a) Balban 131. The first capital of Vijayanagar empire was Hampi.
(b) Alauddin Khilji Where was its second capital?
(c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (a) Vijayanagar (b) Kanchi
(d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq (c) Bellore (d) Penukonda
132. Who among the following was the first Vijayanagar
122. In the Sultanate period, the highest rural authority
ruler to have the title of Maharajadhiraj?
for land revenue was
(a) Harihar II (b) Harihar I
(a) Rawat (b) Malik
(c) Bukka I (d) Bukka II
(c) Chaudhary (d) Patwari
133. Who among the following kings of Vijayanagar
123. Coins of which Muslim ruler have been image of
sent an ambassador to China?
Devi Lakshmi?
(a) Bukka I (b) Harihar I
(a) Muhammad Ghori (b) Iltutmish
(c) Harihar II (d) Devaraya II
(c) Alauddin Khilji (d) None of these
134. What were the districts called in the Vijayanagar
124. Who was the Muslim General to have conquered
empire?
Bengal in 13th century AD?
(a) Nadu (b) Khurram
(a) Malik Kafur
(c) Kottam (d) Janpad
(b) Nusrat Khan 135. Who among the following Vijayanagar kings
(c) Muhammad Ghori started to recruit Muslim fighters in the army?
(d) Ikhtiaruddin Bakhtiar Khilji (a) Harihara I (b) Harihara II
125. Who among the following witnessed the reign of (c) Bukka (d) Devaraya II
Seven Sultans of Delhi? 136. Which among the following commodities was
(a) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti exported on a large scale from Vijayanagar
(b) Shams Siraj Afif empire?
(c) Amir Khusro (a) Tea (b) Coffee
(d) None of these (c) Pepper (d) Perfume
History || A-81
137. Which one of the following places has been referred 146. What was Khanqah?
to by Arab travellers as the “House of Gold”? (a) Works of poet Amir Khusro
(a) Mysore (b) Multan (b) The place where Sufi mystics lived
(c) Rajasthan (d) Gujarat (c) Court of Sikandar Lodi
138. What was the nationality of Marcopolo who visited (d) Birth place of Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti
India in the last decade of 13th century? 147. Sugandhadevi, who issued coins with the figure of
seated Lakshmi, was a Queen of
(a) Dutch (b) Spanish
(a) Karnataka (b) Kashmir
(c) Italian (d) Portuguese
(c) Orissa (d) Saurashtra
139. Who among the following Sufis has called India
148. The capital of the Sharqi dynasty was
a paradise on earth? (a) Jaunpur (b) Banaras
(a) Baba Farid (c) Kara Manikpur (d) Zafarabad
(b) Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya 149. Which one of the following Sufi Saints of the
(c) Amir Khurd Chistiya order was called the Chirag-i-Dehalvi?
(d) Amir Khusro (a) Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya
140. Which one of the following was the first ruler of (b) Sheikh Fariduddin
Vijayanagar to have employed Turkish bowmen? (c) Sheikh Nasiruddin
(a) Harihara I (b) Harihara II (d) Sheikh Salim Chisti
(c) Bukka I (d) Devaraya I 150. The kingdom of Vijayanagar was established
141. The term ‘Amaram’ in the Vijayanagar empire during the reign of
stood for (a) Alauddin Khilji
(b) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
(a) Grants given to the Brahamanas
(b) Military grants
(d) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(c) Grants given to scholars and poets
151. The old capital of Vijayanagar is now represented
(d) Grants given to the widows and the poor by the extensive ruins of
142. Which sects of Sufis adopted Yoga? (a) Hampi (b) Badami
(a) Qadiri (b) Shattari (c) Bijapur (d) Vijayanagaram
(c) Chishtiya (d) None of these 152. Vidyaranya was associated with
143. Who of the following Rajput rulers gave donation (a) Harihar II (b) Ramraj
for the reconstruction of a mosque? (c) Devaraya II (d) Sayan
(a) Mihir Bhoja (b) Bhoj Parmar 153. Who among the following rulers allowed the
(c) Prithviraj III (d) Jaisingh Siddharaj Portuguese to build Churches in Vellore?
144. The historian Sewell has written a book entitled (a) Devaraya II (b) Venkat II
“A Forgotten Empire”. What was the name of (c) Krishnadeva Raya (d) Achyutadeva Raya
empire? 154. Who among the following was a disciple of
Nizamuddin Aulia?
(a) Mauryan Empire (b) Mughal Empire
(a) Amir Khusro (b) Alauddin Sabir
(c) Maratha Empire (d) Vijayanagar Empire
(c) Nasiruddin (d) Ibrahim Lodi
145. Jonaraja, in his Rajatarangini continued the 155. The Sufi saint who was supposed to be the greatest
narration of Kalhana up to musician of the age was
(a) Jayasingh (a) Mansur Din Hallaj
(b) Sultan Sikandar (b) Al-Gajjali
(c) Sultan Zainul Abidin (c) Pir Bodhan
(d) Muhammad Shah (d) Rabia
156. Which one of the following works of Amir Khusro 165. The famous Hazara Ram temple was built by
deals with the military expedition of Alauddin whom?
Khilji? (a) Harihara I (b) Devaraya I
(a) Qairanus Sadain (b) Miftah-ul-Futuh (c) Narshimha Salva (d) Krishnadeva Raya
(c) Nuh Siphar (d) Khazain-ul-Futuh 166. Who among the following Telugu authors had
157. Who was the founder of Pushtimarg? the honour of Kanakabhiseka at the hands of
(a) Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Vijayanagar ruler Devaraya II?
(b) Vallabhacharya (a) Bhairava Kavi (b) Nandi Mallaya
(c) Potana (d) Srinatha
(c) Madhavacharya
167. Which one of the following dance traditions
(d) Yamunacharya
developed during the age of the Vijayanagar
158. In which capacity, thousands of women were
empire?
employed in the empire of Vijayanagar? (a) Yakshagan (b) Mohiniattam
(a) Accountants (b) Royal bodyguards (c) Bharatanatyam (d) Kathakali
(c) Palace guards (d) All of these 168. Who among the following Sufis used to wear ladies
159. Who built the city of Nagalapura? dress?
(a) Bukka I (b) Devaraya I (a) Sheikh Moosa
(c) Krishnadeva Raya (d) Virupaksha (b) Sheikh Hamiduddin Nagauri
160. In which Hindu Kingdom of medieval India, the (c) Shah Daula Dariyai
image of deity Tirupati or Lord Venkateshvara has (d) Shah Muhammad Ghaus
been depicted on its gold coins? 169. Who among the following is the author of Siyarul
(a) The Vijayanagar empire Aulia?
(b) The kingdom of Hoyasalas of Dwarasamudra (a) Dara Shikoh (b) Amir Hasan
(c) The kingdom of Kakathiyas of Warrangal (c) Amir Khusro (d) Indus
(d) The kingdom of Yadavas of Devagiri 170. ‘Amuktamalyada’ written by Krishnadeva Raya,
161. What was the religion of the king Krishnadeva the ruler of Vijayanagar, was in
Raya ? (a) Sanskrit (b) Kannada
(a) Vaishnavism (b) Shaivism (c) Telugu (d) Tamil
(c) Jainism (d) Buddhism 171. Who was the founder of the Sufi order in India?
(a) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti
162. To whom did Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya bestow
(b) Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
the title of ‘Ain-i-Hind’ (Mirror of India)?
(c) Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya
(a) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakaria
(d) Sheikh Nasiruddin Mahmud
(b) Sheikh Sirajuddin Usmani
172. Who was called the Akbar of Kashmir?
(c) Sheikh Nasiruddin Chirag Dehlavi (a) Shihabuddin (b) Sultan Sikandar
(d) Khwaja Syed Muhammad Gesudaraj (c) Hussain Shah (d) Zainul Abidin
163. Who among the following Sufi saints witnessed 173. The founder of the Bahmani Kingdom was
the rule of Seven Sultans of Delhi? (a) Alauddin Mujahid Shah
(a) Shekh Ahmad Sirhindi (b) Ahmed Shah
(b) Shekh Nizamuddin Auliya (c) Alauddin Bahaman Shah
(c) Baba Fareed (d) Tajuddin Firoz Shah
(d) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti 174. The first dynasty of the Vijayanagar Kingdom
164. Who is known as the Parrot of India? was
(a) Abul Fazl (b) Raskhan (a) Hoyasala (b) Sangama
(c) Amir Khusro (d) Mirabai (c) Saluva (d) Tuluva
History || A-83
175. Who were the Ashta-diggaja in the court of 183. Taraf in the Bahmani kingdom signified
Krishnadeva Raya? (a) Province (b) Lord grant
(a) Eight great Generals (c) Transit tax (d) Gold coin
(b) Eight Telugu poets 184. Where is the famous Virupaksha temple located?
(c) Eight ministers (a) Bhadrachalam (b) Hampi
(d) Eight advisors (c) Chidambaram (d) Srikalahasti
176. Who among the following was the first Bhakti saint 185. Amir Khusrow played a pioneer role in the
to use Hindi for the propagation of his message? development of
(a) Dadu (b) Kabir (a) Khari Boli (b) Awadhi
(c) Ramananda (d) Tulsidas (c) Bhojpuri (d) Maithili
177. Which philosophy is known as Advaitvad? 186. Nicolo Conti the Italian traveller visited Vijayanagar
(a) Shankaracharya (b) Ramanujacharya empire during the times of
(c) Nagarajuna (d) Vallabhacharya (a) Devaraya I
178. Gita Govinda was written by (b) Devaraya II
(a) Jayant (b) Jayadeva (c) Krishnadeva Raya
(c) Jayasimha (d) Jayachandra (d) Achyuta Raya
179. The Nayakas in the Vijayanagar empire were 187. When Babur invaded India who was the ruler of
(a) Central ministers Vijayanagar empire in south India?
(b) Cavalry soldiers (a) Devaraya I
(c) Priests of large and powerful temples (b) Devaraya II
(d) Military chiefs controlling particular territories (c) Krishnadev Raya
180. The kingdom of Vijayanagar was founded by (d) Sadashiva Raya
(a) Vijayraj (b) Krishnadeva Raya 188. Which of the following was not one of the foreign
(c) Devaraya (d) Harihar and Bukka travellers to visit India during the period of
181. When Raja Wodeyar founded the Kingdom of Krishnadeva Raya?
Mysore, who was the ruler of the Vijayanagar (a) Fernando Nuniz
empire? (b) Domingo Paes
(a) Sadasiva (b) Tirumala (c) Duarte Barbosa
(c) Venkata II (d) Ranga II (d) Nicolo Conti
182. Who among the following Bahmani rulers built 189. Which Chisti Saint’s verses are quoted in the
the famous “Gol Gumbaz” at Bijapur? ‘Adigranth’ of the Sikhas?
(a) Mahmud Gawan (a) Moinuddin Chisti
(b) Ismail Adil Shah (b) Bakhtiyar Kaki
(c) Muhammad Adil Shah (c) Fariduddin
(d) Yusuf Adil Shah (d) Nizamuddin Auliya
ANSWER KEY
1. (a) 25. (c) 49. (b) 73. (d) 97. (d) 121. (b) 145. (c) 169. (c)
2. (b) 26. (b) 50. (b) 74. (d) 98. (c) 122. (c) 146. (b) 170. (c)
3. (a) 27. (d) 51. (a) 75. (c) 99. (d) 123. (a) 147. (b) 171. (a)
4. (c) 28. (a) 52. (a) 76. (c) 100. (a) 124. (d) 148. (a) 172. (d)
5. (d) 29. (d) 53. (d) 77. (b) 101. (b) 125. (c) 149. (c) 173. (c)
6. (d) 30. (b) 54. (c) 78. (d) 102. (a) 126. (b) 150. (b) 174. (b)
7. (a) 31. (c) 55. (a) 79. (d) 103. (c) 127. (c) 151. (a) 175. (b)
8. (c) 32. (a) 56. (b) 80. (b) 104. (c) 128. (d) 152. (d) 176. (c)
9. (b) 33. (b) 57. (b) 81. (b) 105. (d) 129. (b) 153. (b) 177. (a)
10. (a) 34. (b) 58. (b) 82. (d) 106. (d) 130. (c) 154. (a) 178. (b)
11. (b) 35. (d) 59. (c) 83. (c) 107. (c) 131. (d) 155. (c) 179. (d)
12. (d) 36. (a) 60. (d) 84. (a) 108. (a) 132. (d) 156. (d) 180. (d)
13. (d) 37. (b) 61. (a) 85. (b) 109. (c) 133. (a) 157. (b) 181. (c)
14. (c) 38. (c) 62. (d) 86. (c) 110. (b) 134. (a) 158. (d) 182. (c)
15. (a) 39. (d) 63. (a) 87. (c) 111. (c) 135. (d) 159. (c) 183. (a)
16. (d) 40. (d) 64. (d) 88. (d) 112. (c) 136. (c) 160. (a) 184. (b)
17. (b) 41. (a) 65. (d) 89. (a) 113. (a) 137. (b) 161. (a) 185. (a)
18. (b) 42. (d) 66. (c) 90. (c) 114. (b) 138. (c) 162. (b) 186. (a)
19. (b) 43. (b) 67. (d) 91. (d) 115. (d) 139. (d) 163. (b) 187. (c)
20. (a) 44. (c) 68. (b) 92. (a) 116. (b) 140. (d) 164. (c) 188. (d)
21. (a) 45. (c) 69. (a) 93. (b) 117. (a) 141. (b) 165. (d) 189. (c)
22. (c) 46. (a) 70. (a) 94. (c) 118. (d) 142. (c) 166. (d)
23. (d) 47. (a) 71. (b) 95. (b) 119. (a) 143. (d) 167. (a)
24. (c) 48. (a) 72. (c) 96. (b) 120. (a) 144. (d) 168. (a)
Hints & Solutions

1. (a) Qutubuddin Aibak was bought by Muhammad 4. (c) Alauddin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, built the fort
Ghori who later made him his Governor. After the of Siri during 1297–1307. The main objective of the
death of Ghori, Aibak took up sovereign powers on construction of this fort to protect Delhi from invasion
of Mongol.
24th June 1206 founding the Slave Dynasty in India.
5. (d) Malik Baqbaq, the governor of Baduan, who
2. (b) Alauddin Khilji abolished Iqta system. He was had one of his servants beaten to death in druken
son-in-law and nephew of Jalaluddin Khilji. He condition, was publicly flogged.
succeeded the throne in 1296 after killing Jalaluddin 6. (d) Chajju rebelled at Kara in 1290. He assumed the
Khilji. title Sultan Mughisuddin, issued coins in his name
History || A-85
and had the Khutba read in his honour. Jalaluddin led 22. (c) Balban preferred consolidation over expansion
his forces to meet the rebel. Chajju was captured and of empire. Because firstly, the Hindu chiefs within
punished mildly by sending to Multan in honourable the empire were on the lookout for an opportunity to
confinement. overthrow the yoke of the Delhi Sultan and secondly,
7. (a) After battle, the leader of Mongol, Abdullah the Mongol presence was a source of grave concern.
exchanged friendly greetings with the Sultan 23. (d) Alai Darwaza was constructed by Alauddin
Jalaluddin Another Mongol leader, Ulghu embraced Khilji in 1311 AD situated at Qutub Minar complex in
Islam and decided to stay back. The Sultan acceded Delhi. It is an entrance door to the Quwatul mosque.
to their request, arranged for their settlement in Delhi. It has a dome and a true arch, decorated with merlons.
These were called ‘Neo-Muslims’. The trellis work is of white marble and there are
8. (c) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq came to power in AD marble decorative bands setting off the red sand stone.
1320 after killing the last Khilji, Khusrau Khan. He 24. (c) During the time of Alauddin’s invasion Warangal
made a rule that, in any given year, the land revenue was ruled by Kakatiya Dynasty. The king was Rudra
can be increased only nominally viz-1/10 th or 1/11th Deva who surrendered before Kafur offering him a
of the fixed revenue. golden image of himself, 2000 horses, 100 elephants
9. (b) Tarikh-e-Firozshahi was written by Jiyauddin and the diamond Kohinoor.
Barni and Afif. This book gives details from throaning 26. (b) Iltutmish constituted Turkan-i-Chihalgani
of Balban to the decline of Tughlaq dynasty. (Chargan). It was a group of forty Turkish slaves.
11. (b) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was responsible for With the help of this group, he ran his administration.
the murder of his father, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. To 27. (d) Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246–1265) was
welcome the Sultan, a temporary wooden pavilion seventeen when he took the throne. He was very
had been hastily constructed at Afganpur, a village poius and noble so he was called Darvesi King. He
some distance away from Tughlaqabad. All of a was son of Iltutmish.
sudden, the pavillion came crashing down and killing 32. (a) Iltutmish invoked Persian monarchial traditions
the sultan, Ghiyasuddin. and adjusted them to Indian milien. He consolidated
12. (d) Khazain-ul-Futuh, work of Amir Khusro the empire by organising the nobility into a select
describes the military expeditions of Alauddin Khilji group of forty known as Chahalgani. He divided
containing Gujarat (1299), Ranthambhor (1301), the Sultanate into small and large tracts called iqtas,
Mewar (1303), Malva (1305), Devagiri (1307-08) these were given to nobles and officers instead of
Warangal (1309-10) and Dwarsamudra (1310-11). cash salaries.
16. (d) Futuhat-i-Firozshashi was written by Sultan 33. (b) Diwani-i-Insha represented the department
Firoz Shah illustrating the rule and regulations passed of correspondence, its head was Dabir-i-Mumalik
by him. during the Sultanate period.
17. (b) Firoz Shah Tughlaq founded Jaunpur, Fatehabad, 35. (d) The bone of contention between Bahmani and
Hissar, Salura, Firozpur, etc. Two hundred towns Vijayanagar kingdoms was Krishna-Tungabhadra
apparently include those villages abandoned by the doab. The conflict started on a large scale in 1367
people which were repopulated during Firoz’s reign during the reign of Bukka I.
due to the increased facilities provided by the state. 38. (c) In 1504, Sikandar Shah Lodi founded Agra. He
18. (b) Iltutmish was the first to introduce a purely transferred the capital from Delhi to Agra. He was the
Arabic coinage. The credit of introducing the silver most capable monarch of the Lodi dynasty. He sacked
Tanka weighing 175 grains and the copper Jital, the the temples of Mathura and converted the buildings
two basic coinage of the Sultanate. to muslim uses. He charged Jaziya and pilgrim’s tax
20. (a) During the reign of Sikandar Lodi, the state from the Hindus with severity. He was against taking
department of translation was established for out tazias in procession during Muharram.
translating Sanskrit texts into Arabic-Persian and 39. (d) Ibn Battuta visited India during the reign of
vice-versa. He was patron of learning. He used to Muhammad Bin Tughlaq in 1333. He was born
compose poems in the name of ‘Gulrukhi’. He got in 1304 in Morocco’s northern port of Targier. He
translated the Sanskrit book of ‘Ayurveda’ into Arabic traversed North Africa, Egypt and the Swahili coast,
language in the name of Farhang-i-Sikandari. reached Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula.
41. (a) Amir Khusro gave the most anthoritative 63. (a) Nizamuddin Aulia, Sufi saint of Delhi is
account of Malik Ke fur’s deccan campaign Devagiri associated with the famous saying ‘Hanooz Dilli
(1307–08), Warangal (1309–10) & Dwar Samudra Door Ast’. Sultan Ghiasuddin was annoyed with a
(1310–11). Sufi saint, Nizamuddin Auliya. During one of his
47. (a) Ikhtiyaruddin Bakhtiyar Khilji was a Turkish expeditions he vowed that he would behead the saint
military general of Qutubuddin Aibak. He was not a in Delhi. The saint responded, “Hunooz Dilli Door
slave of Muhammad Ghori. Ast”, which means ‘it’s a long way to Delhi’.
52. (a) ‘Dam’ was not a currency in circulation under 64. (d) Alauddin Khilji established Diwan-i-
the Sultans of Delhi. It was circulated during Sher Mustakhraj. To know about the revenue arrears and
Shah, made up of copper, equal to 1/40th of one rupee collect them, he introduced a new department of
coin. Diwan-i-Mustakhraj.
56. (b) Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed the Nalanda 65. (d) Sikandar Lodi, Sultan of Delhi, founded the
University in 1193 AD and burnt it down. In 1193, city of Agra. Sikandar Lodi (r.1489–1517) (born
the Nalanda University was sacked by Bakhtiyar Nizam Khan), the second son of Bahlol, succeeded
Khilji, a Turk. This event is seen by scholars as a late him after his death on July 17, 1489 and took up the
milestone in the decline of Buddhism in India. The title Sikandar Shah. He was nominated by his father
Persian historian Minhaj-i-Siraj reported this event to succeed him and was crowned Sultan on July 15,
in his chronicle the Tabaquat-i-Nasiri. 1489. He founded Agra in 1504 and constructed
57. (b) Muhammad Tughlaq is credited with the mosques. He abolished corn duties and patronized
appointment of ‘Amir-i-Sadah’ in the provinces. trade and commerce. He was a poet of repute. He
58. (b) The state language of India during the Turkish composed under the pen-name of Gulruk. He was
period was Persian. also patron of learning and ordered Sanskrit work in
59. (c) According to historian Ziauddin Barani, the medicine to be translated into Persian.
ideal Sultan of Delhi was Firoz Shah Tughlaq. The 66. (c) Amir Khusro was made prisoner by the
Tarikh-i-Firozshahi (Firoz Shah’s History) (1357)
Mongols. Khusro was a great poet and he created
was an interpretation of the history of the Delhi
much divan poetry like “Tuhfatus-Sighr”. He was
Sultanate up to the then-present Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
a loyal servant of Sultan Muhammad who was the
60. (d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq had close contact
second son of Balban. Khusro also fought against the
with the jain scholars. The Jain saint Prabhu Suri
Mongols and he was imprisoned during the war.
was called and honoured in the court by Muhammad
67. (d) Firoz Shah Tughlaq introduced professional
Tughlaq.
courses in education.
61. (a) The tomb of Sikandar Lodi is an octagonal tomb.
68. (b) Ibn Battuta has given a detailed account of the
The tombs of Muhammad Shah and Sikandar Lodi
postal system during the Sultanate period.
are the good examples of octagonal tombs. Shish and
69. (a) Agriculture was looked after by the department
Bara Gumbad are square tombs with imposing dome,
turrets on corners and facades giving false impression of Diwan-i-Kohi under Muhammad Tughlaq.
of being double storeyed. 70. (a) The land which directly yielded revenue to the
62. (d) Firoz Tughlaq introduced irrigation tax for the Sultan was known as Khalisa.
first time. Firoz Shah Tughlaq was the cousin brother 71. (b) Ijaradari system was first introduced in Jagir
of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, and became the ruler of lands.
Delhi on 23rd march 1351 AD. He imposed only four 72. (c) Firoz shah Tughlaq brought the Ashokan pillar
taxes sanctioned by Islamic, viz., Kharaj (land tax), to Delhi. Feroz Shah Tughlaq (r. 1351–88), the Sultan
Khams (1/5 of the looted property during wars), Jizya of Delhi, established the fortified city of Ferozabad
(religious tax on the Hindus), and Zakat (2½per cent in 1354, as the new capital of the Delhi Sultanate
of the income of the Muslims which was spent for on the banks of Yamuna river, the site of the present
the welfare of Muslim subjects and their religion). Feroz Shah Kotla, literally Kotla (fortress or citadel)
He imposed irrigation tax after getting it sanctioned of Feroz Shah. Here he erected the Lat or Ashoka
from the Ulema. Column, attributed to Mauryan ruler Ashoka.
History || A-87
73. (d) Qutubuddin Aibak died while playing Chaugan. 84. (a) Iltutmish, the medieval king of India, introduced
Qutubuddin Aibak died in 1210 by falling from his the Iqta system. Iqta (Ikta) means the land or revenue
horse while playing Cahugan (the precursor of the assigned by a ruler to an individual. Since the early
game of Polo). days of Islam, Iqta existed as a form of reward for
74. (d) Sikandar Lodi was the Sultan of Delhi between service to the state and Iltutmish used it to get rid of
1489 to 1517 AD. He was a laborious, generous and the existing feudal order and to bring the distant parts
just ruler. Owing to a transient shortage of maize, he of the empire together.
abolished the Zakat on grain and it was not renewed 87. (c) For the first time, the token currency in India was
by any subsequent Sultan. The prices of all necessary introduced by Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. Muhammad
articles remained low during his period. Tughlaq decided to introduce bronze coins, which
75. (c) Arghatta was a device to lift water. were to have the same value as the silver coins.
76. (c) At the time of Qutubuddin Aibak’s death, Muhammad Tughlaq might have been successful, if
Iltutmish was the Subedar of Badayun. he could prevent people from forging the new coins.
77. (b) Chittor was named as Khizrabad during the He was not able to to do so and soon the new coins
Sultanate period. Alauddin Khilji, after the conquest begain to be greatly devalued in markets.
of Gujarat captured Ranthambhor. In 1303, he 88. (d) Alauddin Khilji, the muslim ruler, enforced
attacked Chittor, the capital of Mewar which was price control system for the first time. The primary
ruled by the Ghuilot king Ratna Singh. Alauddin reason of controlling the market by Alauddin was not
captured Chittor which was named Khizrabad, after to reduce the salary of his soldiers but to check the
Alauddin’s son Khizr Khan. rising prices of different articles in terms of inflation.
78. (d) In 1398, Timur invaded northern India, attacking Alauddin did not fix the prices of different articles
the Delhi Sultanate ruled by Sultan Nasir-ud-Din lower than the prevalent prices of those articles in
Mahmud Shah Tughlaq of the Tughlaq dynasty. He places around Delhi. Besides, the prices fixed by
was opposed by Ahirs and Jats but the Sultanate at Alauddin were not very different from what we
Delhi did nothing to stop him. After crossing the
find then afterwards during the reign of Firoz Shah
Indus river on 30 September 1398, he sackedTulamba
Tughlaq
and massacred its inhabitants. Then he advanced and
90. (c) Firoz Tughlaq, Sultanate ruler himself
captured Multan.
encouraged bribery in administration. Sultan Feroze
79. (d) Alauddin Masud Shah the last Calipha of
Shah Tughlaq’s reign has been described as the
Baghdad appeared for the first time.
greatest age of corruption in medieval India. It can
81. (b) Alauddin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, assumed
be imagined from the fact that Sultan Feroze Shah
the title of ‘Alexander the Great’. He was a very
Tughlaq once gave a golden Tanka to a distraught
ambitious person and a warmonger. He liked to call
soldier so that he could bribe the clerk to pass his
himself ‘The Second Alexander’. He took the title
‘Sikander-i-Sani’. substandard horse. The case of Imadulmulk Bashir,
82. (d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq had established a the minister of war who began his career as an
separate agriculture department and had planned the inherited slave of Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq, in
rotation of crops. course of his service is said to have accumulated
83. (c) The Minar has been damaged by earthquakes wealth to the tune of thirteen crores, when the state’s
and lightning strikes on several occasions but has yearly income was six crores and seventy-five lakh
been repaired and renovated by various rulers. During Tankas.
the rule of Firoz Shah, the Minar’s two top floors 91. (d) Fatwa-e-Jahandari’ describes the qualities of an
were damaged due to lightning but were repaired by ideal Muslim ruler. The Fatwa-i-Jahandari is a work
Firoz Shah. In 1505, an earthquake struck and it was containing the political ideals to be pursued by a
repaired by Sikandar Lodi. Later in 1794, the Minar Muslim ruler in order to earn religious merit and the
suffered another earthquake and it was Major Smith, gratitude of his subjects.
an engineer, who repaired the affected parts of the 92. (a) Razia Sultan assumed the title ‘Umdat-ul-
Minar. He replaced Firoz Shah’s pavilion at the top Niswan’ on the coins. Razia was awarded with the
of the tower with his own pavilion. title Raziyat-ul-Din. On the coins she was inscribed
as Umdat-ul-Niswan and she assumed the title of Sultanate. She was much more able and qualified than
Sultan-ul-Duniyal wa’l Din bint-alsultan and Sultan any of her brothers. Thus she became the first woman
Jaaltudunya-wad-Din. ruler of medieval India.
93. (b) Ramchandra Dev was the ruler of Devagiri at the 103. (c) The city of Jaunpur was founded in the memory
time of Alauddin Khilji’s invasion. In 1294, Alauddin of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq. Jaunpur historically
Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate captured Devagiri. Khilji known as Sheeraz-e-Hind having its historical dates
restored it to Ramachandra in return for his promise from 1359, when the city was founded by the Sultan
of payment of a high ransom and an annual tribute. of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory
However, this was not paid and the Seuna kingdom’s of his cousin, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given
arrears to Khilji kept mounting. In 1307, Khilji sent name was Jauna Khan. In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq
an army commanded by Malik Kafur, accompanied appointed Malik Sarwar, a eunuch, as the governor
by Khwaja Haji to Devagiri. The Muslim governors of the region.
of Malwa and Gujarat were ordered to help Malik 104. (c) Jahanpanah was the fourth medieval city of
Kafur. Their huge army conquered the weakened and Delhi established in 1326–1327 by Muhammad Bin
defeated forces of Devagiri almost without a battle. Tughlaq (1321–51) of the Delhi Sultanate.
Ramachandra was taken to Delhi. Khilji reinstated 106. (d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq appointed Ibn Battuta
Ramachandra as governor in return for a promise as the Chief Qazi of Delhi. Ibn Battuta has discussed
to help him subdue the Hindu kingdoms in south his travels and incursions in contemporary Islamic
India. In 1310, Malik Kafur mounted an assault on world and documented them in Rihla. He was
the Kakatiya kingdom from Devagiri. appointed as Qazi by Muhammad Tughlaq and was
94. (c) The transfer of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad also appointed ambassador to China.
was ordered by Mahammad Bin Tughlaq. It appears 107. (c) Nasiruddin Mahmud was the last ruler of the
that the Sultan wanted to make Deogir second capital Tughlaq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. He was the
so that he might be able to control south India better. son of Mahmud Nasiruddin and used to control the
Deogir was named Daulatabad. However, after a east from Delhi.
couple of years, Muhammad Tughlaq decided to 108. (a) Khizr Khan ibn Malik Sulaiman (reigned
1414–21) was the founder of the Sayyid dynasty,
abandon Daulatabad largely because he soon found
the ruling dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, in northern
that just as he could not control south India from
India soon after the invasion of Timur and the fall
Delhi, he could not control North from Daulatabad.
of the Tughlaq dynasty. He was known to be an able
96. (b) Ibn Battuta visited India during the reign of
administrator.
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. Ibn Battuta (1333 – 1347)
109. (c) The Sultan of Delhi who is reputed to have built
was a Moroccan Scholar and traveller who visited
the biggest network of canals in India was Firoz Shah
India during the reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.
Tughlaq. Canal system of Firoz Shah Tughlaq:
His book titled ‘Rehala’ throws a lot of light on
• To support the newly founded city of Hissar-i-
Muhammad Tughlaq’s reign.
Firoza, in 1355, he constructed a double system of
99. (d) Historian Badayuni commented on the death of canals from Yamuna to Sutlej.
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, “Sultan got freedom from • They are referred to as rajwahas in the Indo-
his masses and the masses from the Sultan”. Persian historical texts.
101. (b) Iltutmish established Delhi as the capital of • This Yamuna canal was repaired for irrigation
Sultanate. After the death of Aibak, the governor purposes during the time of Akbar.
of Bengal revolted. He was defeated by Iltutmish. 112. (c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq desecrated the Puri Jaganath
Iltutmish conquered Ujjain, Ranthambh or, Gwalior temple and Jwalamukhi temple at Kangra. In 1360,
and Malwa and gained control over the whole of north he invaded Jajnagar to destroy the Jagannath Puri
India. Iltutmish suppressed the revolts of the Amires temple. In 1326 AD, he met with success in his
in the areas around Delhi. He made Delhi his capital. expedition to Sindh, before this he had led an invasion
102. (a) Razia Sultan was the first woman ruler of to Nagarkot with an idea to destroy the Jwalamukhi
medieval India. Sultan Iltutmish had nominated his temples. The Sultan was not tolerant towards people
daughter Razia Sultan as the next Sultan of the Delhi with different religions.
History || A-89
113. (a) The Lodi dynasty was an Afghan dynasty that 126. (b) Hussain Shah was the last ruler of Jaunpur
ruled parts of northern India and Punjab and Khyber State. During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76),
Pakhtunkhwa province of modern-day Pakistan, from the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India,
1451 to 1526. It was founded by Bahlol Khan Lodi and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi.
when he replaced the Sayyid dynasty. However, he was defeated on three successive
114. (b) Iltutmish (1210 – 1236) was the real founder of attempts by Bahlol Khan Lodi. Finally, under
the Delhi Sultanate. He was born in a noble family of Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultanate was able to
the Ilbari tribe of Turkistan. Iltutmish was the son-in- reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate
law of Aibak. He rendered great service to the Islamic to an end.
empire in India. He secured a letter of investiture from 127. (c) The Gajapatis were a medieval Hindu dynasty
that ruled over Orissa, large parts of Andhra Pradesh
the Caliph of Baghdad in 1229 which bestowed him
and West Bengal, and the eastern and central parts
the title of Sultan of Hindustan.
of Madhya Pradesh and the southern parts of Bihar
115. (d) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq shifted his capital
from 1434–1541. Gajapati dynasty was established
from Delhi to Daulatabad. It appears that the Sultan
by Kapilendra Deva (1434–66) in 1434.
wanted to make Deogir second capital so that he 128. (d) Zain-ul-Abidin, who prohibited cow-slaughter,
might be able to control south India better. Deogir was a ruler of Kashmir. Zain-ul-Abidin was very
was named Daulatabad. However, after a couple tolerant towards the Hindus and took into his service
of years, Muhammad Tughlaq decided to abandon such men that deserved his patronage and recognition
Daulatabad largely because he soon found that just of merit. The Sultan remitted the Jazial Poll Tax,
as he could not control south India from Delhi, he banned the killing of cows and granted Jagirs to
could not control North from Daulatabad. Hindus. He celebrated Hindu festivals and visited
116. (b) The famous poet Amir Khusrow was associated their Tirthas with great reverence.
with the court of Alauddin Khilji. Amir Khusrow 129. (b) The foreign traveller who visited and described
wrote a short auto-biographical Masnavi called “Shah Vijayanagar soon after its fall in the battle of Talikota,
Name mun”—of Alauddin’s life. Khusrow in his was Ceaser Frederick.
book “Khazinatul-Futuh” (the treasures of victory) 130. (c) Emperor Krishnadeva Raya, the king of
recorded Alauddin’s construction works, wars, peace Vijayanagar had assumed the title ‘Andhra Bhoja’,
and security, administrative services. Mooru Rayara Ganda and Kannada Rajya Rama
117. (a) Qutubuddin Aibak, Sultan of Delhi, was known Ramana. He became the dominant ruler of the
as Lakh Baksh. He was called Lakh Baksh because peninsula of India by defeating the Sultans of Bijapur,
he was generous and donated large sums of money Golconda and the Raja of Odisha.
as donations. 134. (a) The Vijayanagar empire was divided into six
120. (a) Alauddin Khilji was advised by Qazi provinces (Mandalam or Rajya). These provinces
were placed under a governor, who was responsible
Mughisuddin to act according to the laws of Shariat,
for its overall administration. The provinces were
but the Sultan rejected his advice.
further divided into ‘Nadu’ and ‘Grawa’. Villages
121. (b) Malik Kafur was the General of Alauddin Khilji.
were governed by hereditary officials.
Behind the success of his war strategies was a slave
135. (d) Devaraya II, the king of Vijayanagar, started to
called Malik Kafur. He discovered Malik Kafur
recruit Muslim fighters in the army. Since Vijayanagar
during the conquest of Gujarat. Malik Kafur was a was a multi-cultural country, Muslims also joined the
powerful Army Chief. He helped Alauddin to conquer army. Their strength increased from Devaraya II time
many states. and peaked in the time of Aliyaramaraya.
125. (c) Amir Khusrow witnessed the reign of Seven 136. (c) Pepper was exported on a large scale from
Sultans of Delhi. Khusro was a prolific classical poet Vijayanagar empire. Spices such as turmeric, pepper,
associated with the royal courts of more than seven cardamom and ginger grew in the remote Malnad hill
rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. region and were transported to the city for trade.
137. (b) Multan has been referred by Arab travellers 154. (a) Amir Khusro was a disciple of Nizamuddin
as the ‘House of Gold’. During the early period, Auliya. Amir Khusro (or Khusrau) Dehlawi was
Multan was known as the city of gold for its large and an Indian musician, scholar and poet. He was an
wealthy temples. The Sun temple, Suraj Mandir, was iconic figure in the cultural history of the Indian
considered one of the largest and wealthiest temples subcontinent. He was a disciple of Nizamuddin
in the entire sub-continent. Numerous historians have Auliya of Delhi, a Sufi mystic and a spiritual leader.
written about this extremely large Hindu temple that 155. (c) The Sufi saint who was supposed to be the
housed over 6,000 people within it. greatest musician of the age was Pir Bodhan. The
143. (d) Jaya Singh Siddharaja, Chalukya king of Gujarat Indian classical work Ragadarpan was translated into
was the son of Kama and ascended the throne in 1094 persian during the reign of Firoz Tughlaq. Musical
A.D. He gave shelter to many scholars of different
gatherings spread from the abodes of the Sufis to the
religion and castes. He was a Rajput ruler who gave
places of the nobles. The Sufi saint, Pir Bodhan, is
donation of one lac Baltoras (coins) for rebuilding a
supposed to have been one of the great musicians of
mosque in Cambay.
146. (b) Khanqah was the place where Sufi mystics the age.
lived. The Sufi masters held their assemblies in their 157. (b) Vallabhacharya was the founder of Pushtimarg.
Khanqahs. Devotees of all descriptions including He wanted to preach his message of devotion to God
members of the royalty and nobility and ordinary and God’s grace called Pushtimarg. Vallabhacharya
people flocked to these Khanqahs. represented the culmination of philosophical
148. (a) The capital of the Sharqi dynasty was Jaunpur. thought during the Bhakti Movement in the middle
The Jaunpur sultanate was ruled by the Sharqi ages. The sect established by him is unique in its
dynasty. The Khwajah-i-Jahan Malik Sarwar, the facets of devotion to Krishna, especially his child
first ruler of the dynasty was a wazir (minister) under manifestation, and is enriched with the use of
Sultan Nasiruddin Muhammad Shah IV Tughlaq traditions, music and festivals. Today, most of the
(1390–1394). In 1394, he established himself as followers of this sect reside in western and northern
an independent ruler of Jaunpur and extended his India.
authority over Awadh and a large part of Ganges- 158. (d) Thousands of women were employed in
Yamuna doab. the empire of Vijayanagar. As accountants, royal
149. (c) Sheikh Nasiruddin Sufi saint of the Chistiya bodyguard and palace guards.
order was called the Chirag-i-Dehli. Nasiruddin 160. (a) In Vijayanagar empire, the Hindu kingdom of
Mahmud Chirag-e-Delhi (or Chiragh-e-Delhi) was a medieval India, the image of deity Tirupati or lord
prominent saint of the Chishti order. He was a mureed Venkateshvara has been depicted on its gold coins.
(disciple) of the great saint, Hazrat Nizamuddin 163. (b) Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya (1236-1325) gained
Auliya and later his Khalifa (successor).
the popular title Mehboob-i-Ilahi and Sultan-ul-
150. (b) The kingdom of Vijayanagar was established
Auliya, he built his Khanqah in Delhi. He was a
during the reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. During
famous sufi saints of the chisti order. He witnessed
his last days, the whole of India became independent
the raign of seven sultan in Delhi. Amir Khusarow
and three major independent states – The empire of
Vijayanagar, The Bahmani kingdom and Sultanate was his follower.
of Madura were founded. 164. (c) Amir Khusrow is known as the parrot of India.
151. (a) The old capital of Vijayanagar is now It was he, who himself called Tuti-e-Hind’ (parrot of
represented by the extensive ruins of Hampi. It is India). ‘To speak the truth, I am an Indian Parrot. If
located within the ruins of Vijayanagar, the former you want to listen from me some subtle verses, ask me
capital of the Vijayanagar empire. Predating the then to recite some of my Hindwi poems.” He himself
city of Vijayanagar, it continues to be an important did not collect and preserve his Hindwi poems but
religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple, as made a gift of them to his friends. His poem, Kaliq
well as several other monuments belonging to the old Bari is a lexicon composed of synonymous words,
city. The ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, from four languages, Arabic, Persian, Turkish and
listed as the Group of Monuments at Hampi. Hindwi.
History || A-91
171. (a) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti was the founder of 177. (a) The philosophy of Sankaracharya is known as
the Sufi order in India. The Chistī order was founded Advaitvada. Shankaracharya was one of the most
by Abu Ishaq Shami (“the Syrian”) in Chisht, influencial philosophers of India. He was born in
some 95 miles east of Herat in present-day western Kerala in the eighth century. He was an advocate
Afghanistan. Moinuddin Chisti established the order of Advaita or the doctrine of the oneness of the
in India, in the city of Ajmer in North India. individual soul and the supreme God which is the
172. (d) Zainul Abidin may be regarded as the Akbar ultimate reality.
of Kashmir. He lacked the Mughul’s natural genius, 178. (b) Jayadeva is most known for his composition,
spirit of enterprise, and physical vigour, and his the epic poem Gita Govinda, which depicts the divine
outlook was restricted to the comparatively narrow love of Krishna, and his consort, Radha. This poem,
limits of his kingdom, but he possessed a stock of which presents the view that Radha is greater than
learning and accomplishments from which Akbar’s Hari, is considered an important text in the Bhakti
youthful indolence had, to a great extent, excluded movement of Hinduism.
him, his views were more enlightened than the 182. (c) Muhammad Adil Shah the Bahmani rulers
emperor’s, and he practised a tolerance which Akbar built the famous ‘Gol Gumbaj’ at Bijapur. The most
only preached, and found it possible to restrain, amazing part of this monument is its huge dome,
without persecution, the bigotry of Muslim zealots. constructed in the year 1656, the dome is 44 metres
173. (c) Alauddin Bahaman Shah was the founder of in diameter, which made it the second largest dome
the Bahmani kingdom. The Bahmani kingdom was in the world when it was constructed.
founded in 1347 by Hasan Gangu who revolted and 183. (a) Taraf in the Bahmani kingdom signified the
proclaimed his independence from the Sultanate. He province. In Bahmani kingdom, ‘Taraf’ signified as
assumed the title of Alauddin Bahmani. Gulbarga was the province. Alauddin Bahmani divided his kingdom
his capital. into four Tarafs or provinces and placed each one
174. (b) Sangama was the first dynasty of the Vijayanagar under a Trarafdar or governor.
kingdom. Harihara and Bukka were the sons of one 184. (b) Virupaksha temple is located in Hampi, 350 km
Sangama of Warrangal. Drenched in poverty due to from Bangalore, in the state of Karnataka in southern
the Muslim attack in 1323, they had run away from India. It is part of the Group of Monuments at Hampi.
Warrangal and subsequently laid foundations of their Virupaksha is a form of Shiva.
own principality Vijayanagar. 186. (a) Nicolo Conti, an Italian, was at Vijayanagar in
176. (c) Ramananda was the first Bhakti saint to use about 1420, just after the accession of Devaraya I.
Hindi for the propagation of his message. He was The first known foreign traveller, he mentions that
known for communicating in vernacular Hindi, and the fortifications of the city and the thousands of men
accepting disciples of all castes. employed in the army of the rulers.
7 Mughal Period
1. Who was the founder of Mughal dynasty? 8. Who like Dara Shikoh considered Vedas as the
(a) Babur (b) Humayun revealed book?
(c) Akbar (d) Shahjahan (a) Sheikh Abdul Haqq (Qadiriya)
2. Before which of his important battles in India did (b) Mirza Mazhar Jan-i-Jahan (Naqshbandiya)
Babur declare the abolition of Tamgha tax ? (c) Sheikh Kalimuddin (Chistiya)
(a) Panipat (b) Khanwa (d) None of these
(c) Chanderi (d) None of these 9. Who among the following was the first Mughal
3. Who was favoured by Prime Minister Mir Khalifa ruler to adopt the custom of Tuladan?
as Babur’s successor instead of Humayun? (a) Humayun (b) Akbar
(a) Mirza Suleiman (b) Mirza Kamran (c) Jahangir (d) Shahjahan
(c) Mirza Askari (d) Mehdi Khwaja 10. Who among the following was a noted Jehangiri
4. Who was the infamous Qazi Fazihat or Qazi Fazilat painter?
during the reign of Sher Shah? (a) Mir Sayyad Ali (b) Abdus Samad
(a) Governor of Bengal (c) Daswant (d) Abul Hasan
(b) Qazi-i-Lashkar 11. Who among the following invitees of Akbar to
(c) Qazi-ul-Qazzat the Ibadat Khana was not a Jain Monk?
(d) Qazi of Bengal (a) Hari Vijay Suri (b) Meher Ji Rana
(c) Jin Chandra Suri (d) Shanti Chandra
5. Which of the following works shows Humayun’s
12. Month scale in the Mansabdari system was
interest in astronomy and astrology?
introduced by
(a) Tarikh-i-Salatin-i-Afghana
(a) Jahangir (b) Shahjahan
(b) Tarikh-i-Rashidi
(c) Aurangzeb (d) None of these
(c) Qanun-i-Humayuni
13. Who among the following Englishmen was
(d) Tazkirat-ul-Waqiat well versed in the Turkish language, received a
6. Who was proclaimed as Mughal emperor by Asaf Mansab of 400 and the title of ‘English Khan’ or
Khan on Jahangir’s death to ensure Khurram’s Firangi Khan?
(Shahjahan’s) enthronement? (a) Fitch (b) Mildenhall
(a) Shahryar (b) Dawar Baksh (c) Hawkins (d) Sir Thomas Roe
(c) Tahmurs (d) Hoshang 14. In which language did Babar wrote his
7. Which two sons did Khurram send to Jahangir’s Autobiography?
court in compliance with the terms of surrender (a) Farsee (b) Arabi
after his revolt? (c) Turki (d) None of these
(a) Murad and Aurangzeb 15. When was the famous Treaty of Chittor signed
(b) Murad and Shah Shuja during the reign of Jahangir?
(c) Shah Shuja and Aurangzeb (a) 1605 AD (b) 1610 AD
(d) Dara and Aurangzeb (c) 1615 AD (d) 1620 AD
History || A-93
16. Which Mughal emperor wrote a will and 25. Who among the foreign travellers describes how
instructed his sons, that they continue Asad Khan the Ganga water was carried in copper vessels for
as the Vazir? Mughal emperors to drink?
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (a) Thomas Coryat (b) Edward Terry
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb (c) Ralph Fitch (d) Sir Thomas Roe
17. What was Jihat in the Mughal land revenue 26. Which year of Akbar’s reign has been regarded by
administrative terminology? the historian Vicent A. Smith as the most critical
(a) Access over fixed rates
time?
(b) A religious tax
(a) 1556 AD (b) 1561 AD
(c) A toll tax
(c) 1571 AD (d) 1581 AD
(d) None of these
18. What was the percentage (of the total revenue 27. Which one of the following had bestowed the
charged) of the extra tax charged by Sher Shah title of Jagat Seth to Fatehchand?
for the use of general welfare in calamities and (a) Alivardi Khan (b) Sirajuddaula
emergencies? (c) Mir Zafar (d) Muhammad Shah
(a) 7.5% (b) 5.0% 28. During the Mughal period, what was Narnal or
(c) 2.5% (d) 1.5% light artillery?
19. Who among the following had joined Akbar’s (a) One carried on elephant back
Din-i-Ilahi? (b) One carried on camel back
(a) Birbal (b) Bhagwan Das (c) One carried by man
(c) Man Singh (d) Surjan Rai (d) None of these
20. Which one of the following officers was the 29. Who was the author of Humayun-nama?
superintendent of port under the Mughals? (a) Humayun (b) Gulbadan Begam
(a) Mir-i-Bahar (b) Tahvildar (c) Badauni (d) Ahmad Yadgar
(c) Mushrif (d) Mutsaddi 30. Mansabdari system of the Mughals had its origin
21. Who was the member of Ulema, who issued the
in
Fatwa against Akbar from Jaunpur?
(a) Persia (b) Arabia
(a) Mirza Hakim (b) Mullayazdi
(c) Central Asia (d) India
(c) Abdun Nabi (d) Abdullah Sultanpuri
31. Mahzar of 1579 was drafted by
22. On whom emperor, Akbar conferred the title of
‘Jagat Guru’ ? (a) Sheikh Mubarak (b) Abdun Nabi
(a) Purushottam (c) Abul Fazal (d) Faizi
(b) Dastur Meherji Rana 32. Who among the following painters was appointed
(c) Hari Vijay Suri Diwan of Multan by Akbar?
(d) Devi (a) Abdul Samad (b) Abul Hasan
23. Which Queen of Jahangir had committed suicide (c) Mir Syed Ali (d) Daswant
by consuming poison? 33. Among the following, which Mughal emperor
(a) Harkhabai (b) Manmati introduced the policy of Sulah-i-Kul?
(c) Jodhpuri Begam (d) Zebunnisa (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
24. What does the term ‘Elchi’ or ‘Safir’ denote in (c) Humayun (d) Aurangzeb
the sixteenth century Mughal administrative 34. How many total Subas did Akbar have in his
vocabulary? Empire?
(a) Ambassadors (b) Rebels (a) Ten (b) Eighteen
(c) Spies (d) Governors (c) Sixteen (d) Fifteen
A-94 || Mughal Period
35. Which among the following became an integral 45. Which of the following commodities constituted
part of Shahjahan’s empire ? the main item of exports in Mughal India?
(a) Golkunda (b) Ahmednagar (a) Opium and Indigo
(c) Bijapur (d) None of these (b) Cotton and silk fabrics
36. Who among the following rulers gave court (c) Bullion and horses
protection to Urdu? (d) Sugar and Saltpetre
(a) Shahjahan (b) Jahangir 46. Which of the following tombs is placed in the
(c) Aurangzeb (d) Muhammad Shah centre of a large garden and resembles as a
37. Which company was authorized by Jahangir to prototype of the Taj Mahal?
set up a factory in Surat? (a) Akbar’s tomb at Sikandara
(a) The English East India Company (b) Itmaduddaula’s tomb at Agra
(b) The French East India Company (c) Shershah’s tomb at Sasaram
(c) The United East India Company (d) Humayun’s tomb at Delhi
(d) The Portuguese East India Company 47. The largest number of Hindu Mansabdars were in
38. Peasants who were brought from other villages the period of
for tilling were called (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
(a) Khud Kasht (b) Pai or Pahi (c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb
(c) Girast (d) Gharuhala 48. Where is Babur’s tomb situated?
39. The land which was kept reserved for the (a) Kabul (b) Lahore
assignment of land revenue was known as (c) Delhi (d) Ayodhya
(a) Mahal-i-Jagir (b) Mahal-i-Khalsa 49. Which one of the following contemporary sources
(c) Mahal-i-Paibaqi (d) None of these depicts Humayun’s passion for astronomy and
40. Which one of the following Mughal Generals astrology?
was not sent by Shahjahan against the Bundelas? (a) Tarikh-i-Rashidi (b) Tuzuk-i-Babri
(a) Aurangzeb (b) Dara Shikoh (c) Humayun Namah (d) Qanun-i-Humayuni
(c) Mahabat Khan (d) Abdullah Khan 50. On whose silver coins, Zodiac was depicted?
41. As a Subedar of Deccan, for his second term, (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
whose assistance did Aurangzeb take in (c) Humayun (d) Shahjahan
implementing Todarmal’s revenue reforms in this 51. In the Mughal land revenue administration, we
region? come across a term ‘Mahsul’. What do you mean
(a) Murshid Quli Khan by it?
(b) Shahnawaz Khan (a) Expected revenue
(c) Malik Amber (b) Actual revenue
(d) Asad Khan (c) Revenue arrears
42. Who among the following has written that Babur (d) Revenue from Khalsa lands
died of poisoning? 52. Which Mughal emperor abolished the old custom
(a) Abul Fazal (b) Nizamuddin Ahmad of Sizda?
(c) Gulbadan Begum (d) Abbas Khan Sarwani (a) Akbar (b) Shahjahan
43. Who among the following emperors had the (c) Aurangzeb (d) Bahadurshah
highest number of Deccani in his army? 53. The officer called ‘Diwan-i-Bayutat’ under Akbar
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir was concerned with
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb (a) Examination of expenditure of the Royal
44. Which of the following was the court language Karkhanas
during the reign of Akbar? (b) Maintenance of revenue records
(a) Hindi (b) Urdu (c) Administration of Justice
(c) Persian (d) Arabic (d) Supervision of Royal mints
History || A-95
54. Which one of the following tombs of the Mughal 64. “Din-i-Ilahi’ was a movement of Akbar’s folly,
emperors does not have a middle dome? not of his wisdom.” Who made this statement?
(a) Akbar’s tomb (b) Jahangir’s tomb (a) A.L. Srivastava (b) R.P. Tripathi
(c) Shahjahan tomb (d) Aurangzeb’s tomb (c) V.A. Smith (d) S.R. Sharma
55. The Delhi Madarasa known as ‘Khairul Manazil’ 65. Who among the following Sufis is known as
was built by Mujaddid or reformer?
(a) Hamida Bano Begum (a) Dara Shikoh (b) Khwaja Baqi Billah
(b) Gulbadan Begum (c) Shah Waliullah (d) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
(c) Maham Angah 66. Who among the following painters committed
(d) Shah Begum suicide?
56. What was the name of the rectangular silver coin (a) Basawan (b) Lal
during Akbar’s reign? (c) Daswant (d) Mahesh
(a) Rupiyah (b) Mohur 67. The offsprings of which Mughal emperor were
(c) Dinar (d) Jalali born in a Sufi’s Khanqah instead of the Mughal
57. “Both Agra and Fatehpur Sikri are bigger than haram?
London.” This statement was made by (a) Humayun (b) Akbar
(a) Bernier (b) Manueci (c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb
(c) Ralph Fitch (d) Hawkins 68. Historian Abul Fazal was killed by
58. The greatest painter of birds at Jahangir’s court (a) Hemu (b) Bairam Khan
was (c) Udai Singh (d) Vir Singh Deo Bundela
(a) Basawan (b) Mansur 69. Which among the following Hindu Painters was
(c) Syed Ali Tabrizi (d) Khwaja Abdus Samad sent by Jahangir to portrait Shah Abbas-I of Persia?
59. Who among the following prohibited the use of (a) Basawan (b) Bishan Das
Tobacco? (c) Dasrath (d) Manohar
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir 70. Which one of the following Mughal emperors
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb is described in a Sanskrit text entitled.
60. The noble who introduced important reforms in “Sarvadeshavrittanta Sangraha”?
the land revenue administration of Mughals in (a) Humayun (b) Akbar
Deccan during the reign of Shahjahan, was (c) Jahangir (d) Shahjahan
(a) Murshid Quli Khan 71. During whose reign did Khan-Jahan Lodi revolt?
(b) Asaf Khan (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
(c) Mahabat Khan (c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb
(d) Khan-i-Zama 72. Who among the following poets was given the
61. Who among the following led a deputation of title of ‘Malik-ush-Shoara’ by Akbar?
Banaras Pandits to the Mughal emperor to seek (a) Ashki (b) Qudsi
abolition of the Banaras and Allahabad? (c) Faizi (d) Farebi
(a) Harnath (b) Jagannath 73. Jahandar Shah ascended the throne after the death
(c) Kavi Hariram (d) Kavindracharya of
62. Who among the following was the first English (a) Azam Shah (b) Bahadur Shah I
man to visit western India ? (c) Farrukh Siyar (d) Muhammad Shah
(a) Captain Hawkins (b) John Mildenhall 74. Which one of the following was not among the
(c) Ralph Fitch (d) Thomas Stephens 12 Ordinances of Jahangir?
63. Who among the following was the official (a) Prohibition of Wine
historian of Aurangzeb’s reign? (b) Amnesty to Prisoners
(a) Ishwardas Nagar (b) Bhimsen Kayastha (c) Abolition of Tamgha and Mir Bahri
(c) Khafi Khan (d) Mohammad Kazim (d) Confiscation of Madad-i-Mash lands
75. Kalanaur is known as a place of 86. Who of the following built the Agra Fort?
(a) Akbar’s birth place (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
(b) Proclaimation of Akbar as the emperor (c) Sikandar Lodi (d) Shah Jahan
(c) Marriage ceremony of Humayun 87. Which one of the following states of Rajputana
(d) None of the above did not willingly accept Akbar’s sovereignty?
76. What term was used for the advance money given (a) Amer (b) Mewar
by the merchants to artisans for the required (c) Marwar (d) Bikaner
goods? 88. The Upanishads were translated into Persian by
(a) Taqavi (b) Dasturi Dara Sikoh under the title
(c) Dadni (d) None of these (a) Al-Fihrist (b) Kitab-ul-Bayan
77. Who among the following Mughal kings had sent (c) Majm-ul-Bahrain (d) Sirr-i-Akbar
Raja Ram Mohan Roy as his envoy to London? 89. The building known as Purana Qila at Delhi were
(a) Alamgir II (b) Shah Alam II built by
(c) Akbar II (d) Bahadur Shah II (a) Babur (b) Firoz Tughlaq
78. Who among the following ladies was a poetess? (c) Sher Shah (d) Shahjahan
(a) Gulbadan Begum (b) Jahanara 90. What was the district called during the Mughal
(c) Roshanara (d) Asmat Begum period?
79. One of the greatest painters of Akbar’s court (a) Iqta (b) Sarkar
whom he employed as mint officer was (c) Tarf (d) Subah
(a) Basawan (b) Keshav 91. ‘Mal’ is Mughal administrative terminology
(c) Mukund (d) Daswant represents
80. Which one of the following scholars was given (a) Land revenue (b) Salary
the title of Amir-i-Akhbar by Humayun? (c) Allowances (d) None of these
(a) Jauhar 92. In whose reign was the Treaty of Chittor signed
(b) Mirza Haidar Daughalat between Mughal and the Rana of Mewar?
(c) Abdul Wahid (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
(d) Khwandmir (c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb
81. The famous ‘Jama-Masjid’ of Delhi was built by 93. Who translated Ramayana into Persian in
(a) Humayun (b) Akbar accordance with the wishes of Akbar?
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb (a) Abul Fazl
82. Which among the following was also known as (b) Abdul Rahim Khan-Khana
Bandobast system? (c) Faizi
(a) Zabti (b) Dahsala (d) Thomas Roe
(c) Nasaq (d) Kankut 94. The famous historical book ‘Travels of the
83. Who among the following Mughal ministers was Mughal Empire’ was written by
the paymaster general as well? (a) Ibn-e-Battuta (b) Francois Bernier
(a) Diwan (b) Mir Bakshi (c) Al Baruni (d) Thomas Roe
(c) Khan-i-Saman (d) Vakil 95. Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri was built by
84. A Mansabdar who was paid in cash was called Akbar to commemorate his victory over which
(a) Naqdi (b) Jagirdar province?
(c) Amir (d) Mirza (a) Sindh (b) Punjab
85. Who among the following was the Diwan of (c) Gujarat (d) Mewar
Akbar? 96. Which of the following are the hereditary Jagirs?
(a) Asad Khan (b) Sadulla Khan (a) Watan Jagirs (b) Tankhwah Jagirs
(c) Muzaffar Khan (d) Mahabat Khan (c) Tamgha Jagirs (d) None of the above
History || A-97
97. Who among the following was illiterate? 107. Who among the following was defeated by Babur
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir in the First Battle of Panipat?
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb (a) Bahlol Lodi (b) Ibrahim Lodi
98. The Battle of Khanwa in 1527 was fought (c) Sikandar Lodi (d) Dawlat Khan Lodi
between 108. Who among the following Indian rulers was a
(a) Ibrahim Lodi and Rana Sanga contemporary of Akbar?
(b) Babur and Ibrahim Lodi (a) Rani Durgawati (b) Ahilya Bai
(c) Babur and Rana Sanga (c) Martand Verma (d) Swai Jai Singh
(d) Humayun and Sher Shah 109. Where did Babur die?
99. At the time, when Nadir Shah attacked Delhi, the (a) Delhi (b) Agra
Mughal emperor was (c) Lahore (d) Kabul
(a) Ahmad Shah (b) Bahadur Shah 110. Who was the author of Ain-i-Akbari?
(c) Shah Alam II (d) Muhammad Shah (a) Abdul Qadir Badauni
100. With whose permission, did the English set up (b) Gulbadan Begum
their first factory at Surat? (c) Faizi
(a) Akbar (b) Humayun (d) Abul Fazl
(c) Jahangir (d) Shahjahan 111. Who was defeated at Kannauj in the hands of
Sher Shah in 1540?
101. Painting reached its highest level of development
(a) Humayun (b) Akbar
during the reign of
(c) Babar (d) Jahangir
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
112. Who among the following built the tomb of her
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb
husband?
102. The original name of Mumtaj Mahal was
(a) Shah Begum (b) Haji Begum
(a) Arjumand Banu Begum
(c) Ladli Begum (d) Noorjahan Begum
(b) Mehrunnisa
113. Who among the following deserves the credit for
(c) Roshan Ara
construction of Lal Quila?
(d) Ladli Begum (a) Humayun (b) Sher Shah
103. What were the Ahdis of Akbar’s time? (c) Akbar (d) Shahjahan
(a) Village level money lenders 114. Kabuliyat and Patta was introduced by
(b) Village guards (a) Sher Shah (b) Akbar
(c) Cashiers working in Diwani (c) Jahangir (d) Aurangzeb
(d) Foot soldiers in the army 115. Who wrote Akbarnama?
104. Which one of the following emperors was known (a) Abdul Qadir Badauni
as Alamgir? (b) Abdur Rahim Khanekhana
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (c) Abul Fazl
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb (d) Faizi
105. Who built the Ibadatkhana at Fatehpur Sikri? 116. Which historical monument in Delhi is a synthesis
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir of Persian and Indian styles of architectures?
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb (a) Qutub Minar (b) Lodi’s tomb
106. In the Mughal administration, Muhatsib was (c) Humayun’s tomb (d) Red Fort
(a) Military officer 117. Aurangzeb was an expert musician of which
(b) Officer of foreign affair instrument?
(c) An officer in charge of public morals (a) Flute (b) Tabla
(d) Office of correspondence department (c) Veena (d) Sitar
118. A Mughal Begum whose name was written to all 129. Which Mughal emperor abolished the Persian
the mughal Firmans and inscribed on the coins, court custom of Sijda?
was (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
(a) Maham Anaga (b) Nur Jahan (c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb
(c) Mumtaz Mahal (d) Mariam Makani 130. Todar Mal was associated to
119. Dara Shikoh finally lost the war of succession to (a) Law
Aurangzeb in the battle of (b) Land revenue reforms
(a) Dharmat (b) Samugarh (c) Literature
(c) Deorai (d) Khanua (d) Music
120. In the Mughal administration, Madad-i-Mash 131. Court language during Mughal period was
indicates (a) Arabic (b) Turki
(a) Toll tax (c) Persian (d) Urdu
(b) Revenue free land given to learned person 132. Mausoleum (Dargah) of which Chisti saint was
(c) Pension to army persons most visited by Akbar?
(d) Cultivation tax (a) Moinuddin Chisti
121. Tulsidas composed his Ramcharitamanasa in the (b) Sheikh Nasimuddin Chirag Dehalvi
reign of (c) Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Qaki
(a) Babur (b) Akbar (d) Sheikh Farid Ganja-i-Shakar
(c) Aurangzeb (d) Bahadur Shah 133. Mughal style of painting was started by
122. Itimad-ud-Daula’s tomb at Agra was built by (a) Jahangir (b) Akbar
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (c) Shahjahan (d) Humayun
(c) Shahjahan (d) Nur Jahan 134. The educational centre at Delhi called Madrasah-
123. Who was called Zinda Pir in Mughal time? i-Begam was established by
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (a) Gulbadan Begam (b) Maham Anaga
(c) Aurangzeb (d) Shahjahan (c) Zia-un-Nisa (d) Zinat-un-Nisa
124. Who was the Sikh Guru to be slaughtered by 135. During which one of the following battles, did
Aurangzeb? Babur declare Jehad?
(a) Ramdas (b) Arjundev (a) Battle of Panipat (b) Battle of Khanwa
(c) Teg Bahadur (d) Govind Singh (c) Battle of Chanderi (d) None of these
125. Who of the following Mughal emperors was 136. Who among the following emperors may be
coronated twice? called an enlightened despot?
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (a) Babur (b) Humayun
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb (c) Akbar (d) Aurangzeb
126. Upanishads were translated into Persian during 137. Who among the following was appointed as a
the reign of physician in the Mughal service?
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (a) Bernier (b) Coreri
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb (c) Manuchi (d) Tavernier
127. Who of the following was the emperor of India 138. Who among the following shifted the capital of
when British East India company was formed in the empire from Agra to Delhi?
London? (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb
(c) Shahjahan (d) Humayun 139. With which medieval ruler, would you associate
128. The Mughal rulers of medieval India were in the statement ‘I would have lost the empire just
fact for a handful of Millet’?
(a) Persians (Iranians) (b) Afghans (a) Babur (b) Akbar
(c) Chagtai Turks (d) None of these (c) Sher Shah (d) Aurangzeb
History || A-99
140. Thomas Roe was received in audience by 151. Who was the founder of Maratha dynasty?
Jahangir at (a) Shahu (b) Shivaji
(a) Agra (b) Ajmer (c) Rajaram (d) Balaji Vishwanath
(c) Delhi (d) Fatehpur Sikri 152. Who among the following Maratha Chieftains
141. Which son of Aurangzeb revolted against his helped the Syed brothers in dethroning the
father, weakening the latter’s position against the emperor Farrukhsiyer?
Rajputs? (a) Balaji Vishwanath (b) Baji Rao I
(a) Azam (b) Muazzam (c) Raghunath Rao (d) Raja Ram
(c) Akbar II (d) Kam Baksh 153. Who was the Maratha Chieftain who captured
142. Revenue system during Akbar’s reign was in the Lahore and brought Punjab under Maratha
hands of Supremacy for a short period?
(a) Bairam Khan (b) Asad Khan (a) Vishwas Rao
(c) Man Singh (d) Todar Mal (b) Balaji Vishwanath
143. During the Mughal period, the copper coin was (c) Sadashiv Rao Bhau
known as (d) Raghunath Rao
(a) Rupee (b) Dam 154. Which one of the following wives of Shivaji
(c) Tanka (d) Shamsi became Sati?
144. Jaziya was reimposed during the reign of (a) Soyrabai (b) Sakawarbai
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (c) Puttabai (d) None of these
(c) Aurangzeb (d) Shahjahan 155. What was Paga in the Maratha administration?
145. Two of the following states which Aurangzeb had (a) Independent soldiers
conquered in Deccan, were (b) State dependent soldiers
(a) Ahmednagar and Bijapur (c) Professional soldiers
(b) Bidar and Bijapur (d) Soldiers of other country
(c) Bijapur and Golconda 156. Which of the following Rajput states was taken
(d) Golconda and Ahmednagar under direct control by Aurangzeb?
146. Where is the mausoleum of Sher Shah?
(a) Amber (b) Jaisalmer
(a) Sasaram (b) Delhi
(c) Marwar (d) Mewar
(c) Kalinjar (d) Sonargaon
157. Which of the following was the last battle of Sher
147. Who did illustrate Datan-i-Amir Hamza?
Shah which proved most fatal to him?
(a) Abdus Samad (b) Mansor
(a) Gaur (b) Kannauj
(c) Mir Sayyed Ali (d) Abul Hasan
(c) Kalinjar (d) Raisen
148. Who among the following was the daughter of
158. The English ambassador who had attended the
Emperor Aurangzeb?
coronation of Shivaji with presents from East
(a) Jahan Ara (b) Roshan Ara
India Company at Raigarh, was
(c) Gauhar Ara (d) Zebunnisa
(a) Captain Gray (b) Oxenden
149. The Mughal emperor who prohibited the use of
(c) Humphery Cooke (d) Sir Gervase Lucas
Tobacco was
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir 159. Who among the following was the first Peshwa of
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb Shahu?
150. Which one is not situated at Fatepur Sikri? (a) Balaji Vishwanath (b) Baji Rao
(a) The Panch Mahal (c) Balaji Baji Rao (d) Madhava Rao
(b) Moti Masjid 160. In the Cavalry of Shivaji, a Jumla commanded
(c) Tomb of Salim Chisti (a) 9 Havaldars (b) 10 Havaldars
(d) The Mariam Palace (c) 15 Havaldars (d) 5 Havaldars
161. Which Fort ceded by Shivaji to the Mughals by 172. What was the stake in the agricultural production
the terms of the Treaty of Purandar (1665 AD) in the land revenue system of Shivaji?
could not be won back by Shivaji? (a) 16% (b) 25%
(a) Purandhar (b) Mahuli (c) 35% (d) 40%
(c) Lohagadh (d) Shivneri 173. The Maratha artillery was mainly organised by
162. Raushaniya movement in India during the 16th (a) Mir Habib
century was started by (b) Kanhoji
(a) Akhund Darwiza (c) Ibrahim Khan Gardi
(b) Miyan Bayazid Ansari (d) Khande Rao Dabhade
(c) Miyan-Mustafa Gujarati 174. The Maratha power reached its zenith during the
(d) None of these Peshwaship of
163. Mahdawi movement in India was started by (a) Balaji Vishwanath (b) Balaji II
(a) Saiyid Muhammad Jaunpuri (c) Baji Rao I (d) Madhav Rao
(b) Abdullah Sultanpuri 175. The largest number of Hindu mansabdars were in
(c) Shaikh Alai the period of
(d) Abdullah Niyazi (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
164. Guru Granth Sahib in its present form was (c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb
compiled by
176. This chief pays his spies liberally which has
(a) Guru Nanak Dev (b) Guru Ramdas
greatly helped his conquests by the correct
(c) Guru Arjun Dev (d) Guru Gobind Singh
information they give. Who gave this account of
165. What was Bargir in Maratha army?
Shivaji?
(a) Infantry (b) Front liner
(a) Kafi Khan (b) Peter Mundi
(c) Cavalry (d) Water carrier
(c) Abbe Carre (d) Massieur Germain
166. Who among the following was the lowest in rank
177. Name the Hindu ruler of the 18th century who
in the Maratha infantry?
distinguished himself by performing Asvamedha
(a) Nayak (b) Hawaldar
(c) Zumaldar (d) Hazari sacrifice twice
167. In the third battle of Panipat, Marathas were (a) Shivaji
defeated by (b) Abhaya Singh of Marwar
(a) Mughals (b) Rohillas (c) Rana Jagat Singh of Mewar
(c) Britishers (d) Afghans (d) Sawai Jai Singh of Amber
168. Roshan Akhtar was another name of 178. On which aspect of medieval Indian history have
(a) Ahmed Shah (b) Muhammad Shah Havell, Furgusson and Percy Brown written?
(c) Jahandar Shah (d) Shah Alam (a) Literature
169. What was the original name of Afzal Khan? (b) Art and architecture
(a) Abdullah Bhatari (b) Samsuddin (c) Administration
(c) Sabar (d) Muhammad Khan (d) Socio-economic history
170. Who among the following Maratha officers 179. Who led the Marathas at the third battle of
looked after the revenue department? Panipat?
(a) Peshwa (b) Amatya (a) Baji Rao II (b) Jaswant Rao Holkar
(c) Sachiva (d) Sumant (c) Mahadji Sindhia (d) Sadashiva Rao Bhau
171. One of the observatories established by Sawai Jai 180. The treaty of Purandra between Shivaji and Raja
Singh was at Jai Singh took place in
(a) Agra (b) Indore (a) 1665 (b) 1664
(c) Ujjain (d) Jodhpur (c) 1666 (d) 1669
History || A-101
181. Khan-i-Jahan Lodi rebelled during the reign of 192. Who is considered the father of Sitar?
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir (a) Mian Tansen
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb (b) Baiju Bawara
182. The first Mughal emperor who incorporated the (c) Khushro Khan
Marathas in the class of Umara was (d) Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir 193. The medieval Indian writer, who refers to the
(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb discovery of America was
183. Who among the following was given the title of (a) Malik Mohammad Jayasi
Shekh-ul-Hind? (b) Amir Khusrow
(a) Baba Fariduddin
(c) Abul Fazal
(b) Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
(d) Raskhan
(c) Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
194. The Kirti-Stambha at Chittor was built by
(d) Sheikh Salim Chisti
184. Who among the following Maratha Peshwas (a) Rana Kumbha
followed the ideal of Hindu Pada Padshahi? (b) Rana Sanga
(a) Balaji Vishwanath (b) Baji Rao I (c) Rana Pratap
(c) Madhav Rao (d) Narayana Rao (d) Rana Uday Singh
185. Who among the following Maratha women led 195. Who among the following rulers issued some
struggles against of Mughal empire from 1700 coins with figures of Rama and Sita and
AD onwards? Devanagari legend ‘Rama-Siya’?
(a) Ahalya Bai (b) Mukta Bai (a) Bhoja (b) Akbar
(c) Tara Bai (d) Rukmini Bai (c) Zain-ul-Abidin (d) Jai Singh
186. In Shivaji’s Council of Ministers, the Prime 196. Which of the following was the birth place of
Minister was called Guru Nanak?
(a) Peshwa (b) Mantri (a) Amritsar (b) Nabha
(c) Sachiv (d) Sumanta (c) Nankana (d) Nander
187. Shivaji died in the year 197. Who among the following was killed by Shivaji?
(a) 1676 (b) 1677 (a) Shaista Khan (b) Afzal Khan
(c) 1678 (d) 1680 (c) Jai Singh (d) Najib Khan
188. Who was called Chankya of Maratha politics? 198. Who was the envoy of British king James I at the
(a) Mahadji Sindhia (b) Nana Pharnabis
court of Jahangir?
(c) Balaji Viswanath (d) Baji Rao II
(a) William Finch
189. During the reign of which of the following
(b) Pietra Della Vella
Mughal emperors, was the Sikh leader Banda
Bahadur captured and executed? (c) Edward Terry
(a) Aurangzeb (b) Bahadur Shah (d) William Hawkins
(c) Jahandar Shah (d) Farrukhsiyar 199. The famous Kohinour diamond was produced
190. The Sikh Khalsa was founded by from one of the mines in
(a) Guru Nanak (b) Guru Hargobind (a) Orissa (b) Chhotanagpur
(c) Guru Teg Bahadur (d) Guru Govind Singh (c) Bijapur (d) Golconda
191. The Maratha kingdom was founded by Shivaji 200. Who of the following Sikh Guru was started
during the reign of Gurumukhi script?
(a) Muhammad bin Tughlaq (a) Guru Nanak
(b) Akbar (b) Guru Angad
(c) Shahjahan (c) Guru Arjundev
(d) Aurangzeb (d) Guru Govind Singh
ANSWER KEY
1. (a) 26. (d) 51. (a) 76. (c) 101. (b) 126. (c) 151. (b) 176. (c)
2. (b) 27. (d) 52. (b) 77. (c) 102. (a) 127. (a) 152. (a) 177. (d)
3. (d) 28. (c) 53. (a) 78. (b) 103. (d) 128. (c) 153. (d) 178. (b)
4. (a) 29. (b) 54. (a) 79. (d) 104. (d) 129. (c) 154. (c) 179. (d)
5. (c) 30. (c) 55. (c) 80. (d) 105. (a) 130. (b) 155. (b) 180. (a)
6. (b) 31. (a) 56. (d) 81. (c) 106. (c) 131. (c) 156. (c) 181. (c)
7. (d) 32. (a) 57. (c) 82. (b) 107. (b) 132. (a) 157. (c) 182. (b)
8. (b) 33. (a) 58. (b) 83. (a) 108. (a) 133. (d) 158. (b) 183. (d)
9. (a) 34. (d) 59. (b) 84. (a) 109. (b) 134. (b) 159. (a) 184. (b)
10. (d) 35. (b) 60. (a) 85. (c) 110. (d) 135. (b) 160. (d) 185. (c)
11. (b) 36. (d) 61. (d) 86. (a) 111. (a) 136. (c) 161. (d) 186. (a)
12. (b) 37. (a) 62. (d) 87. (b) 112. (b) 137. (c) 162. (b) 187. (d)
13. (c) 38. (b) 63. (d) 88. (d) 113. (d) 138. (c) 163. (a) 188. (b)
14. (c) 39. (c) 64. (c) 89. (c) 114. (a) 139. (c) 164. (c) 189. (d)
15. (c) 40. (b) 65. (d) 90. (b) 115. (c) 140. (b) 165. (c) 190. (d)
16. (d) 41. (a) 66. (c) 91. (a) 116. (c) 141. (c) 166. (a) 191. (d)
17. (a) 42. (c) 67. (b) 92. (b) 117. (c) 142. (d) 167. (d) 192. (c)
18. (c) 43. (d) 68. (d) 93. (d) 118. (b) 143. (b) 168. (b) 193. (c)
19. (a) 44. (c) 69. (b) 94. (b) 119. (b) 144. (c) 169. (a) 194. (a)
20. (d) 45. (b) 70. (b) 95. (c) 120. (b) 145. (c) 170. (b) 195. (b)
21. (b) 46. (d) 71. (c) 96. (a) 121. (b) 146. (a) 171. (c) 196. (c)
22. (c) 47. (d) 72. (b) 97. (a) 122. (d) 147. (a) 172. (d) 197. (b)
23. (b) 48. (a) 73. (b) 98. (c) 123. (c) 148. (d) 173. (c) 198. (d)
24. (a) 49. (d) 74. (d) 99. (d) 124. (c) 149. (b) 174. (b) 199. (d)
25. (b) 50. (b) 75. (b) 100. (c) 125. (d) 150. (b) 175. (d) 200. (b)
Hints & Solutions

1. (a) Babur was the founder of Mughal dynasty. Humayun’s abilities and tried to raise Mehdi Khwaja,
Born on February 14, 1483 at Andizhan Babur was Babur’s brother-in-law to the throne.
the eldest of the three sons of Umar Sheikh Mirza. 4. (a) Governor of Bengal was the infamous Qazi
The Mughal emperor Babur is described as a military Fazihat or Qazi Fazilat during the reign of Shar
genius and a skillful warrior. Shah.
3. (d) Mehndi Khwaja favoured by prime minister Mir 6. (b) Dawar Baksh was proclaimed as Mughal
Khalifa as Babur’s successor instead of Humayun. emperor by Asaf Khan on Jahangir’s death to ensure
Babur’s prime minister Mir Khalifa had doubts about Khurram’s (Shahjahan’s) enthronement. Upon the
History || A-103
death of Jahangir, in order to secure the accession acknowledges Akbar as God’s representative on earth
of Shahjahan, Asaf Khan, the brother of Nur Jahan, and had a combination of Hindu and Muslim beliefs.
brought Dawar Baksh out of confinement, declared In the Ain-i-Akbari (The Institutes of Akbar), it is
him king and sent him to Lahore. mentioned that Birbal was one of the few people other
7. (d) Khurram sent Dara and Aurangzeb to Jahangir’s than Akbar who were its followers, besides being the
only Hindu.
court in compliance with the terms of surrender after
his revolt. 22. (c) Emperor Akbar conferred the title of ‘Jagat Guru’
on Harivijay Suri. 1526–1595 C.E: Muni Hiravijayji
8. (b) Mirra Marhar Jan-i-Jahan (Naqshbandiya) like
Suri was the supreme pontiff of Tapa Gachcha order
Dara Shikoh considered Vedas as the revealed book.
of Jain Svetambara tradition. He is famous for
10. (d) Abul Hasan was a noted Jahangiri painter. Abu propounding the Jain philosophy to emperor Akbar
al-Hasan was the son of Aqa Reza of Herat in western and turning him towards vegetarianism. Akbar was so
Afghanistan, a city with an artistic tradition. Aqa Reza
impressed with Hiravijaya Suri that he bestowed on
had taken up employment with Jahangir before the
him the title of Jagat Guru. Akbar almost denounced
latter’s accession to the throne of the Mughal empire.
meat eating and almost turned to vegetarianism due
11. (b) Mehar Ji Rana was the invitees of Akbar to the
to inspiration from him.
Ibadat Khana was not a Jain monk. The first Dastur
Meher Ji Rana was the undisputed spiritual leader 25. (b) Edward Terry, the foreign traveller, describes
of the Parsi community in India during the sixteenth how the Ganga water was carried in copper vessels
century. for Mughal emperors to drink.
12. (b) Month scale in the Mansabdari system was 26. (d) The year 1581 AD of Akbar’s reign has been
introduced by Shahjahan. Under Shah Jahan we regarded by the historian Vicent A. Smith as the most
have new scales of pay, monthly rations and new critical time.
regulations prescribing the sizes of contingents under 27. (d) Muhammad Shah had bestowed the title of Jagat
various Sawar ranks. Seth to Fatehchand. Fatehchand was adopted son of
13. (c) Hawkins was well versed in the Turkish Manik Chand. He obtained the title of “Seth” from the
language, received a Mansab of 400 and the title of Emperor Farrakhsiyar. Muhammad Shah bestowed
‘English Khan’ or ‘Firangi Khan’. him with the title of “Jagat Seth”.
14. (c) Babur wrote his autobiography in Turki 28. (c) There were several types of Mughal light
language. It is an autobiographical work, written artillery. If carried on the back of a man, they were
in the Chagatai language, known to Babur as called Narnal; if carried on backs of elephants Gajal,
“Turki” (meaning Turkic), the spoken language if on backs of camels Shutrnal.
of the Andijan-Timurids. Babur’s prose is highly 29. (b) Gulbadan Begam was the author of Humayun-
Persianized in its sentence structure, morphology, nama. The Imperial Princess Gulbadan Begum (1523
and vocabulary, and also contains many phrases and – 1603) was a Perso-Turkic Princess, the daughter
smaller poems in Persian. of emperor Babur of India, she is most known as the
15. (c) In 1615 AD, the famous treaty of Chittor signed author of Humayunnama, the account of the life of
during the reign of Jahangir. In pursuance of his her half-brother, Humayun.
father’s policy of imperialism, Jahangir aimed at the 30. (c) The Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar
conquest of the entire country. In 1605, he sent his was a unique feature of the administrative system
second son to reduce Rana Amar Singh, a Hindu ruler, of the Mughal empire. The term Mansab (i.e. office,
to submission. It was not easy to conquer the great fort position or rank) in the Mughal administration
of Chittor. In 1608, the emperor sent another force. indicated the rank of its holder (Mansabdar) in the
Eventually, a treaty of peace was signed in 1615. official hierarchy. The Mansabdari system was of
19. (a) Birbal had joined Akbar’s Din-i-Ilahi. Akbar central Asian origin. According to one view, Babur
had started a religion called Din-i-Ilahi, which brought it to north India.
33. (a) Akbar introduced the policy ‘Sulah-i-Kul.’ By 58. (b) The greatest painter of birds at Jahangir’s
Akbar’s time, many of the traditional difficulties had court was Mansur. Mansur was the leading nature
been removed, and he was able to take full advantage painter at the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.
of the changes in outlook on both sides. One example Mansur was extraordinarily talented for scientific
of this was his enunciation of the principle of Sulah-i documentation. His detailed careful depictions of
Kul, or universal tolerance, by which he accepted plants and animals avoided all personal expression
responsibility for all sections of the population, and are extremely valuable for their scientific
irrespective of their religion.
accuracy as well as their artistic perfection. Some of
46. (d) Humayun’s tomb at Delhi is placed in the centre his studies are unsurpassed today.
of a large garden and resembles as a prototype of the
Taj Mahal. Fourteen years after Humayun’s death, 63. (d) Mohammad Kazim was the official historian of
Hamida Banu Begam also known as Haji Begam Aurangzeb’s reign. During the reign of Aurangzeb,
commenced the construction of his tomb. It is the the man picked to write the AlamgirNamah was
first proper example of the Mughal style influenced Mirza Muhammad Kazim Shirazi. He successfully
by Persian architecture. Mirak Mirza Ghiyath, a compiled facts about the first 10 years of Aurangzeb’s
Persian architect was employed for this job. It is rule. After this, Aurangzeb forbade Kazim Shirazi
now a UNESCO World heritage site. The tomb’s to continue any further probably because of the
centre piece is the tomb. This is believed to be the extravagant expenditure involved in this work.
predecessor or prototype of Agra’s Taj Mahal. 65. (d) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi is known as Mujaddid
48. (a) The Bagh-e-Babur garden is the final resting or reformer. He is described as Mujaddid Alf Thani
place of the first Mughal emperor, Babur. Although meaning the “reviver of the second millennium”,
present-day Afghanistan was not Babur’s original for his work in rejuvenating Islam and opposing the
homeland (he was born in Ferghana in present-day heterodoxies prevalent in the time of Mughal emperor
Uzbekistan), he felt sufficiently enamoured of Kabul Akbar.
that he desired to be buried here. When Babur died
in 1530, he was initially buried in Agra against his 68. (d) Historian Abul Fazal was killed by Vir Singh
wishes. Between 1539 and 1544, Sher Shah Suri, a Deo Bundela. Vir Singh Deo was an ally of Jahangir
rival of Babur’s son Humayun, fulfilled his wishes in the latter’s struggles against his father, Akbar.
and interred him at Babur’s Garden. The headstone Vir Singh killed Abul-Fazal Mubarak, an adviser of
placed on his grave read “If there is a paradise on Akbar in 1602.
earth, it is this, it is this, it is this.” 69. (b) Bishandas was a 17th century portrait painter at
50. (b) Zodiac was depicted on the silver coins of the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Jahangir
Jahangir. Mughal coins depicted images and zodiac praised him as “unrivalled in the art of portraiture”.
signs against Islam’s belief. The reading of the Though little is known of Bishandas’ life, his name
Mughal coins opens up a whole new world. Each can indicate that he was a Hindu. In 1613, he was
Mughal coin has the full name of the respective sent on a diplomatic mission to Persia, to paint the
emperor and the years of his rule. Jahangir’s coins Shah’s portrait. Here he was so successful that he
depicted him holding a glass of wine, with a halo. remained until 1620, when he returned with the gift
He believed in zodiac signs. However, Shahjahan of an elephant.
melted the zodiac coins under pressure from religious
leaders. 71. (c) Khan-Jahan Lodi’s revolt during the reign of
Shahjahan. In 1628, Shahjahan faced a major revolt
56. (d) The mints during Akbar’s time issued gold,
silver and copper coins. The silver coin during the by Khan Jahan Lodi. He had united with the ruler of
Mughal rule of Akbar, known as rupee was round in Ahmednagar and came out in open rebellion against
shape. The weight of the silver coins of Akbar was the emperor. The aggression by Khan Jahan came to
172 grains. Akbar also issued a square-shaped rupee an end by the year 1660, when he surrendered and
coins, called Jalali. The rupee had its one-half, one- died near the fort of Kalinjar.
fourth, one-eighth, one-sixteenth and one-twentieth 73. (b) Jahandar Shah ascended the throne after the
pieces. death of Bahadur Shah I. The death of Bahadur
History || A-105
Shah was followed by the usual struggle among his pay in cash were known as Naqdi and those paid
four sons for the throne. Jahandar Shah, the eldest through assignment of Jagirs were called Jagirdars.
son of Bahadur Shah, killed his two brothers in the 86. (a) Akbar built the Agra Fort. The fort is built
battle which was fought on March 27 to 28, 1712 AD alongside the Yamuna river and stretches almost 2.5
ultimately, Jahandar Shah ascended the throne on km. It consists of a wall built in red sandstone and
March 29, 1712 AD. several buildings inside. The wall has 2 gates, the
75. (b) Kalanaur is known as a place of proclamation Delhi Gate and the Amar Singh Gate. You can only
of Akbar as the emperor. In Kalanaur, Punjab, the enter the fort via the Amar Singh Gate.
13-year-old Akbar was enthroned by Bairam Khan 88. (d) Dara Shikoh’s spiritual quest for monotheistic
on a newly constructed platform, which still stands. strands in Hindu philosophy was a continuous
He was proclaimed Shahanshah (Persian for “King process. This led him to study the Upanishads
of Kings”). Bairam Khan ruled on his behalf until he and with the help of some scholars of Banaras, he
came of age. translated 50 Upanishads from Sanskrit to Persian.
76. (c) Dadni was used for the advance money given The text he prepared, the Sirr-i-Akbar, ‘the Great
by the merchants to artisans for the required goods. Secret’ was completed in 1657. He was of the firm
Dadni system was the chief mode of business opinion that the ‘Great Secret’ of the Upanishads is
activities of the European merchants. In this system, the monotheistic message, which is identical to that
long before the advent of season for a particular on which the Quran is based.
commodity, the merchants used to reach the actual 89. (c) The building known as Purana Qila at Delhi was
cultivator or manufacturer through the local small built by Sher Shah. Three main gates on the north,
agents or Paikars and advanced money to them so south and west are part of the fortifications of the
as to obtain right for the purchase of a particular Purana Qila, the sixth city of Delhi, built by Sher Shah
commodity. Suri (1538–45). Sher Shah Suri raised his citadel after
77. (c) Akbar II had sent Raja Ram Mohan Roy as his demolishing Dinpanah, the city built byHumayun.
envoy to London. Akbar had little de-facto power The fortifications of the Qila extended to a boundary
due to the increasing British control of India through of 2 km (1.2 mi) on an irregularly oblong plan.
the East India Company. Shortly before his death, he 90. (b) During the Mughal period, district was called
sent Ram Mohan Roy as an ambassador to Britain. Sarkar. In the 16th century, the Mughal emperor
78. (b) Among the given ladies, Jahanara was a poetess. Akbar organised the empire into Subahs, which
She was highly educated and well versed in Persian were further subdivided into Sarkars, roughly the
and Arabic, as well as a writer, painter and poet. equivalent of districts, which were themselves
81. (c) The largest mosque in India, Jama Masjid in organised into Parganas. In the Mughal system,
Delhi, was built by Mughal emperor, Shahjahan in Parganas served as the local administrative units of
1656 AD. The mosque in Old Delhi, displaying both a Sarkar
Hindu and Islamic styles of architecture, was built to 96. (a) Watan Jagirs are the hereditary Jagirs. Watan
replicate Moti Masjid at Red Fort in Agra. jagirs were assigned to local Zamindars or Rajas and
82. (b) Dahsala was also known as Bandobast system. were hereditary and non-transferable in nature. Many
In 1580, Akbar instituted a new system called the Rajput princes were also the recipients of such Jagirs
Dahsala or the Bandobast Arazi or the Zabti system. from the Mughals.
Under this, the average produce of different crops 97. (a) Akbar spent his childhood in the rough terrain of
as well as the average prices prevailing over the last Afghanistan. His early years were spent learning how
ten years was calculated. One-third of the average to hunt, fight and mature into a skilful warrior. He did
produce was the state share, which was, however, not find time to read and write and was illiterate. But
stated in cash. his illiteracy did not hamper his quest for knowledge
84. (a) A Mansabdar who was paid in cash was called and desire to know about new things. Akbar had
Naqdi. All those holding ranks below 1,000 began to a huge library and a vast collection of books and
be called Mansabdars. The Mansabdars who received scriptures.
98. (c) The battle of Khanwa in 1527 was fought 108. (a) Rani Durgavati was a contemporary of Akbar.
between Babur and Rana Sanga. The Rajput forces The riches of Rani Durgavati’s state drew Abdul
of Rana Sanga, supplemented by the contingents Mazid Khan’s attention. He sought and gained
of Hasan Khan Mewati and the Afghan, Mehmud permission from Akbar to attack the Rani. Akbar’s
Lodi and Raja Medini Rai of Alwar, met Babur’s interest in the invasion was his wish to expand his
army at Khanwa near Fatehpur Sikri in 1527. The rule over central India.
battle, which lasted for not more than 10 hours, was 109. (b) Babur died on 26 December 1530, of fever, aged
bitterly contested and became an exceedingly brutal 47, in Agra, India. Buried 9 years later, as per his
affair. At a critical moment of battle, the defection of wishes, in a garden in Kabul. His sister Khanzada and
Silhadi and his contingent caused a split in the Rajput son Hindal also buried on the same garden terrace.
forces. Rana Sanga while trying to rebuild his front 110. (d) Abul Fazal was the author of ‘Ain-i-Akbari’.
was wounded and fell unconscious from his horse. The Akbarnama is a document of history of Akbar’s
The Rajput army thought their leader was dead and reign and his ancestors spread over three volumes. It
fled in disorder, thus allowing the Mughals to win contains the history of Akbar’s ancestors from Timur
the day. to Humayun, Akbar’s reign up to the 46th regnal
99. (d) At the time of Muhammad Shah, Nadir Shah year (1602), and an administrative report of Akbar’s
attacked Delhi. In the year 1739, Nadir Shah invaded empire, the Ain-i-Akbari, which itself is in three
the Mughal empire and defeated the Mughal emperor volumes. The third volume of Ain-i-Akbari gives an
Muhammad Shah during the battle of Karnal, then account of the ancestry and life of the author. The
occupied and looted Delhi and much of the northern Ain-i-Akbari was completed in the 42nd regnal year,
regions of the Mughal empire. but a slight addition was made to it in the 43rd regnal
101. (b) Painting reached its highest level of development year on the account of the conquest of Berar.
during the reign of Jahangir. He showed a leaning 111. (a) Humayun was defeated at Kannauj in the hands
towards painting and had an atelier of his own. His of Sher Shah in 1540. In 1540, Humayun led an army
interest in portraiture led to much development in this against Sher Shah, but was defeated at Bilgram Veer
artform. The art of Mughal painting reached great Kannauj and fled from the country. Sher Shah became
heights under Jahangir’s reign, combining technical the king and once again the Afghans became the ruler
mastery with spiritual understanding of personalities of northern India.
depicted in its portraits. Jahangir’s expertise in the 112. (b) Haji Begum built the tomb of her husband. Her
arts is documented in his diary. important architectural legacy, is the mausoleum
102. (a) Arjumand Banu Begum (also called Mumtaz of her husband, Humayun’s tomb at Delhi, which
Mahal) was the third wife of Shahjahan, the Mughal she commissioned in the late 16th century. The
emperor. Mumtaz Mahal (meaning ‘Jewel of the mausoleum was the first one to have been built for
palace’) was the nickname her husband gave to her. a Mughal emperor and was the first garden-tomb on
105. (a) Akbar built the Ibadatkhana at Fatehpur Sikri. the Indian subcontinent. Begum was also known as
Ibadatkhana (House of Worship) was a meeting house Haji Begum after she undertook the pilgrimage to
built in 1575 CE by the Mughal emperor Akbar, Hajj.
where the foundations of a new Syncretistic faith, 114. (a) Kabuliyat and Patta was introduced by Sher
Din-e-Ilahi were laid by Akbar. Shah. Pathan Sultan Sher Shah Suri (1540 – 1545)
107. (b) Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by Babur in the first measured and classified the land in terms of the
battle of Panipat. The first battle of Panipat was fought produce and introduced Kabuliyat and Patta as
on 21 April 1526 between Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan of instruments of settlement. During Akbar’s time,
Delhi, and the Timurid warlord Zaheeruddin Babur. Todar Mal made some reforms to that system and the
Babur’s force defeated Ibrahim’s much larger force whole empire was divided into Suba, Sarkar, Pargana
of over one lakh (one hundred thousand) soldiers. and Mahal.
This first battle of Panipat thus ended the ‘Lodi Rule’ 115. (c) Abul Fazl wrote Akbarnama. Abul Fazal wrote
established by Bahlol Lodi in India. the work between 1590 and 1596 and is thought
History || A-107
to have been illustrated between c. 1592 and 1594 the blessing of Sheikh Salim Chishti that Akbar’s
by at least forty-nine different artists from Akbar’s first surviving child, the future Jahangir, was born.
studio. The child was named Salim after the Sheikh and was
117. (c) Aurangzeb banned music in the court and affectionately addressed by Akbar as Sheikhu Baba.
relieved the musicians. Though instrumental music 133. (d) Mughal style of painting was started by
was continued in the court. He was himself expert in Humayun. Mughal paintings dawned during the
playing Veena. time of Humayun. Praiseworthy Persian artists
119. (b) Dara Shikoh finally lost the war of succession to Abd-us-Samad and Mir-Sayyid Ali accompanied him
Aurangzeb in the battle of Samugarh. Although Dara on his return to India from exile. These artists hold
Shikoh was the most powerful man in the Mughal the credit for the growth of Mughal painting. )
empire after his father Shahjahan, he knew little about 135. (b) In 1527, Babur ordered a Jihad against Rajputs
the art of war and military command. His loosely knit at the battle of Khanwa. Publicly addressing his
army eventually crumbled and even refused to aid men, he declared the forthcoming battle a Jihad. His
each other. soldiers were facing a non-Muslim army for the first
122. (d) Itimad-ud-Daulah’s tomb at Agra was built by time ever. This, he said, was their chance to become
Nur Jahan. After her father’s death, Nur Jahan built either a Ghazi (soldier of Islam) or a Shaheed (Martyr
this mausoleum in memory of Mirza Ghiyas Beg, of Islam).
from 1622 – 1625 AD. The first example of a tomb 138. (c) In 1638, Shahjahan moved his capital from Agra
built on a riverbank in India. Itmad-ud-Daulah’s tomb to a city in Delhi, known as Shahjahanabad, the new
situated on the banks of the Yamuna, has many design capital city was laid out under the emperor’s auspices
features that were later used in the Taj Mahal. from 1639 – 1648.
123. (c) Aurangzeb was called Zinda Pir in Mughal time. 140. (b) Sir Thomas Roe was sent by James I in 1615.
Aurangzeb, was an orthodox, God-fearing Muslim. He was both a scholar and a courtier and was well
Unlike the earlier Mughal emperors, he had a very qualified for the job given to him. He reached Surat
simple lifestyle. He never wore costly robes or used in September 1615 and proceeded to Ajmer where
gold and silver vessels. He even sewed caps and Jahangir was. He remained at the court of Jahangir
copied the Quran to sell, so that he could earn money
from 1615 to 1618. He succeeded in obtaining a
for his use, rather than take it from the treasury. Due
Firman from Jahangir allowing the English to trade
to his smplicity, he was popularly called ‘Zinda Pir’
at Surat. .
or a living saint.
142. (d) Raja Todar Mal was the minister for revenue
126. (c) Upnishads were translated into persian
in the court of Akbar. Building upon the foundations
during the reign of Shahjahan. During the reign of
laid by Sher Shah, Todar Mal introduced a system of
Shahjahan, his son Dara Shikoh, well versed in Indian
land reforms, the essence of which was an assessment
religion and philosophy, translated the Upanishads
of the land revenue according to the extent of
into Persian.
cultivation, the nature of the soil and the quality of
129. (c) Shahjahan abolished the Persian court custom
the crops.
of Sijda. Shahjahan also abolished the discipleship
ritual and other practices of his father and grandfather. 143. (b) During the Mughal period, the copper coin
This pleased the orthodox Muslims immensely. The was known as Dam. Silver Shahrukhis of 72 grains
tradition of Khanazadgi, born to the house, was weight and silver Rupiyahs 198 grains in weight had
maintained, in which high-ranking nobles (Amirs) a great circulation. Akbar’s copper coins of 330 grains
were identified as the emperor’s extended household. weight were known as “Dam”. 40 Dams were equal
Khanazadgi and the hereditary service associated to 1 silver Rupiyah and 9 Rupiyahs were equal to 1
with it applied to officers in high position and in Muhar in value.
financial administration (Diwans, etc.) 144. (c) Jaziya was reimposed during the reign of
132. (a) The Mausoleum (Dargah) of Moinuddin Chisti Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb reimposed the Jaziya the
was most visited by Akbar. The emperor Akbar was hated poll-tax on non-Muslims, which the wise and
perhaps the most fervent of them. It is said to be by compassionate Akbar abolished early in his region.
145. (c) The two states which Aurangzeb had conquered Auranzeb refused to make the young Rathore prince
in Deccan were Bijapur and Golconda. In 1685, the king and took direct command of Jodhpur. This
Aurangzeb dispatched his son, Muhammad Azam caused great unrest amongst the Hindu Rajput rulers
Shah, with a force of nearly 50,000 men to capture under Aurangzeb and lead to many rebellions in
Bijapur Fort and defeated Sikandar Adil Shah (the Rajputana.
ruler of Bijapur) who refused to be a vassal. The 157. (c) Kalinjar was the last battle of Sher Shah which
Mughals could not make any advancement upon proved most fatal to him. In May 1545, when he
Bijapur Fort mainly due to the superior usage of was campaigning against the Chandel Rajputs in
cannon batteries on both sides. Outraged by the Bundelkhand (Kalinjar), a gunpowder explosion
stalemate, Aurangzeb himself arrived on 4 September fatally wounded him and thus this Afghan Tiger lost
1686 and commanded the Siege of Bijapur; after eight his life in Bundelkhand, laying wounded in his tent
days of fighting, the Mughals were victorious. In and worrying about the future of his wise schemes.
1687, Aurangzeb led his grand Mughal army against 158. (b) The English ambassador who had attended the
the Deccan Qutbshahi fortress during the Siege of coronation of Shivaji with presents from East India
Golconda. Company at Raigarh was Oxendon.
146. (a) Sasaram is the mausoleum of Sher Shah. 159. (a) Balaji Vishwanath was the first Peshwa of
Sasaram is the birthplace of the Afghan king Sher Shahu. Balaji Vishwanath assisted a young Maratha
Shah Suri, who ruled over Delhi, much of northern emperor Shahu to consolidate his grip on a kingdom
India, now in Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan that had been racked by civil war and persistent
for five years, after defeating the Mughal Emperor attack by the Mughals under Aurangzeb.
Humayun. The tomb of Sher Shah Suri at Sasaram is 160. (d) In the cavalry of Shivaji, a Jumla commanded
an imposing structure of stone standing in the middle 5 Havaldars. The most significant part of his army
of a fine tank and rising from a large stone terrace. was the Paga on state cavalry. There were two
147. (a) Abdus Samad illustrates ‘Dastan-i-Amir classes in the cavalry, the Bargirs and the Shiladars.
Hamza.’ Mir Sayyed Ali, Khawaja Abdul Samad, There were regular grades in the cavalry, the unit
Mir Musavir and Dost Mir Hammad were the most formed by 25 troopers over 25 troopers, there was
renowned Persian painters. They gave lessons to a Havaldar. Five Havaldars were placed under one
Humayun and Akbar in painting. Humayun instructed Jumladar and over 10 Jumladars, there was one
Mir Sayyed Ali and Khawaja Abdul Samad to Hazari, five one Hazaris were under a Panj Hazari.
illustrate the Dastan-i-Amir Hamzah, the renowned 161. (d) Shivneri Fort ceded by Shivaji to the Mughals
Persian book. by the terms of the Treaty of Purandar (1665 AD)
148. (d) Zebunnisa was the daughter of Aurangzeb. could not be won back by Shivaji.
Princess Zebunnisa is remembered as a poet, and her 162. (b) Raushanuja movement in India during the 16th
writings were collected posthumously as Diwan-i- century was started by Miyan-Bayazid Ansari. He
Makhfi was born in 1525 or 1515, in the city of Jalandhar,
Punjab. He was the leader of the antifeudal and anti-
150. (b) The Moti Masjid is a white marble mosque built
Mughal movement of the Roshani in Afghanistan.
by the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb at the Red Fort
165. (c) Bargir was the Royal cavalry of the Maratha
complex in Delhi.
army system. There were two kinds of cavalry, viz.
151. (b) Shivaji was the founder of Maratha dynasty. Bargirs and the Shiledars. Bargirs were provided
The Maratha empire (also spelled Mahratta and horses from the state and thus, the horses were
also called the Maratha Confederacy) of India, was property of the royal household and were looked
founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji in 1674 when he after by state officers. Shiledars used to keep their
carved out an independent Maratha zone around own horses.
Pune from the Bijapur Sultanate. 167. (d) In the third battle of Panipat, Marathas were
156. (c) Marwar was taken under direct control by defeated by Afghans. Battle of Panipat fought
Aurangzeb. In 1679, the Rathore clan under the on January 14th 1761 between the forces of the
command of Durgadas Rathore rebelled when Maratha Confederacy and the coalition of the kings
History || A-109
of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani (also known Minister or the Mukhya Pradhan was called the
as Ahmed Shah Abdali) and his two Indian Muslim Peshwa.
allies; The Rohilla Afghans of Doab and the Nawab 187. (d) Shivaji died on April 3, 1680. He was 50 years
of Oudh, Shuja-ud-aula. The battle was fought of age during his time of death. He died at Raigad
at Panipat in present day Haryana, 95.5 km from due to high fever for three weeks. His son Sambhaji
Delhi. took over the title of the emperor of the Maratha
169. (a) The original name of Afzal Khan was Abdullah empire.
Bhatari. Afzal Khan was a medieval Indian 192. (c) The origin of the Sitar is lost in antiquity.
commander who served the Adil Shahi dynasty of Though its origin is generally attributed to Amir
Bijapur, and fought against Shivaji. He was killed at Khusrow, and is one of the most ancient Indian
a meeting with Shivaji and his army was defeated in instruments. He is credited with making the Sitar
the Battle of Pratapgad 1656. by fixing three strings to it and calling it the Sehtar
171. (c) One of the observatories established by Sawai (seh – three; tar – strings). The word Sitar is said to
Jai Singh was of Ujjain. The idea behind building a be a corruption of the word Sehtar.
number of observatories at different locations in the 194. (a) The Vijay Stambh (tower of victory) is located
northern India was to make the same observations in Chittorgarh, which was built by Rana Kumbha
from different places and thus reduce the errors in 1440 AD to celebrate his victory over Mahmud
introduced due to the limits of resolution of human Khilji of Malwa.
vision. Sawai Jai Singh built the three small ones
196. (c) Guru Nanak’s birth place is now called Nankana
at Ujjain, Mathura, and Banaras with the help of
Sahib, near Lahore, Pakistan. His birthplace is
Hindu astronomers who themselves had limitations
marked by Gurdwara Janam Asthan.
in civil engineering (architectural engineering).
198. (d) In 1608, Captain William Hawkins came to
174. (b) The Maratha power reached its zenith during
the court of Jahangir with a letter from James I,
the Peshwaship of Balaji II. The Maratha state under
king of England, requesting permission for the
him reached its territorial zenith extending from
English merchants to establish in India. But due
Cuttack to Attack and in July 1760 the Marathas
to vehement opposition of the Portuguese and the
occupied Delhi.
Surat merchants, emperor Jahangir had to change
179. (d) Nanasaheb Peshwa was then at the zenith of
his mind and Hawkin’s mission failed.
his power having defeated the Nizam at Udgir. He
199. (d) The Golconda fort used to have a vault where
chose Sadashiv Rao Bhau to lead the Maratha army
once the famous Kohinoor and Hopediamonds were
to Delhi. Both Malhar Rao Holkar and Raghunath
stored along with other diamonds. Golconda was
Rao had deep knowledge of north India having lived
once renowned for the diamonds found on the south-
there and fought many battles there but Sadashiv
east at Kollur Mine near Kollur (modern day Guntur
Rao Bhau was totally new to north India.
district), Paritala (modern day Krishna district) and
181. (c) Khan-i-Jahan Lodi rebelled during the reign of
cut in the city during the Kakatiya reign. At that
Shahjahan. In 1628, Shahjahan faced a major revolt
time, India had the only known diamond mines in
by Khan Jahan Lodi. He had united with the ruler of
the world.
Ahmednagar and came out in open rebellion against
200. (b) Guru Angad Sahib introduced a new alphabet
the emperor. The aggression by Khan Jahan came to
known as Gurmukhi Script, modifying the old
an end by the year 1660, when he surrendered and
Punjabi script’s characters. It became the script of
died near the fort of Kalinjar.
the masses very soon. He took great interest in the
186. (a) In Shivaji’s time, the king was the supreme
education of the children by opening many schools
head of the state. He was assisted by a Council of
for their instruction and thus increased the number
Ministers known as the Ashta Pradhan. The Prime
of literates.
8
Initial Modern
History
1. In 1600, the charter to the English East India 9. The battle of Wandiwas was fought between
Company for monopoly of eastern trade for 15 (a) British and French companies
years was given by (b) British and Dutch companies
(a) Queen Victoria (b) Queen Elizabeth I (c) Dutch and Portuguese companies
(c) James Princep (d) Oliver Crownwell (d) French and Dutch companies
2. Which one of the following was the first English 10. In the beginning, the motive of British East India
ship that came to India?
Company was
(a) Elizabeth (b) Titanic
(c) Red Dragon (d) Mayflower (a) Trade and territory
3. Who were the first European to set up sea trade (b) Trade, not territory
centres in India? (c) Only territory
(a) The Portuguese (b) The French (d) None of the above
(c) The English (d) The Dutch 11. Which of the following European wars flared up
4. Who was the first Portuguese Viceroy in India? the first Karnatic Wars in India?
(a) Vasco da Gama (a) War of Spanish succession
(b) Diaz (b) War of Austrian succession
(c) Francisco de Almeida (c) War of devolution
(d) Albuquerque (d) Franco-Prussian war
5. Which one of the following factories in Bengal
12. Where in India, did the Portuguese build their first
was established by Portuguese?
(a) Kasim Bazar (b) Chinsura fortress?
(c) Hoogly (d) Srirampur (a) Cochin (b) Goa
6. Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India (c) Anjidiv (d) Cannanore
in which one of the following years? 13. Which European power did assist Balaji Baji Rao
(a) 1453 (b) 1492 against the Angres?
(c) 1494 (d) 1498 (a) The Portuguese (b) The Dutch
7. Which one of the following was the first fort (c) The English (d) The French
constructed by the British in India? 14. The British East India Company was formed
(a) Fort St. Angelo (b) Fort St. George during the reign of
(c) Fort St. David (d) Fort William (a) Henry VIII (b) James I
8. Which one of the following European trading
(c) Charles I (d) Elizabeth I
companies adopted the “Blue Water Policy” in
India? 15. What was the name of the first ship of East India
(a) Dutch company Company of England which reached here on
(b) French company August 24, 1600 AD?
(c) Portuguese company (a) Edward (b) Hector
(d) British East India company (c) Henary (d) William
History || A-111
16. How many times did Vascoda Gama come to 26. Which one of the following Mughal emperors
India? gave an important Firman to the English of
(a) One only (b) Two times facilitating their trade in India?
(c) Three times (d) Four times (a) Bahadur Shah I (b) Bahadur Shah II
17. Where did the British East India Company open (c) Shah Alam II (d) Farrukhsiyar
its first factory in India? 27. The Peshwa who engineered the capture of
(a) Masulipatanam (b) Surat Salsette and Bassein from the Portuguese in 1739
(c) Bharuch (d) Mumbai was
18. Which Governor of Madras presidency made (a) Balaji Vishwanath (b) Baji Rao I
treaty of Mangalore with Tipu? (c) Baji Rao II (d) Madhava Rao
(a) Eyercoote (b) Stephenson 28. Who was the first Indian native ruler to accept the
(c) Lord Macartany (d) Wellesely system of subsidiary alliance?
19. Who granted the permission to establish the first (a) Sindhia of Gwalior
British factory of Hoogly in Bengal? (b) Nawab of Awadh
(a) Shah Shuja (b) Murshid Quli Khan (c) Dilip Singh of Punjab
(c) Shujauddin (d) Alivardi Khan (d) Nizam of Hyderabad
20. Who founded independent state of Bengal? 29. The book “Zij Muhammad Shahi” related to
(a) Ilias
knowledge of astrology produced in 1733 is
(b) Hussain Shah
written by
(c) Murshid Quli Khan
(a) Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur
(d) Alivardi Khan
(b) Raja Bharmall of Amber
21. Who among the following Europeans were the last
(c) Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur
to come to pre-independence India as traders?
(a) French (b) English (d) Maharana Amar Singh of Udaipur
(c) Dutch (d) Portuguese 30. The South Indian ruler who introduced sericulture
22. Who among the following introduced as an agro-industry in his kingdom was
Cashewnut, Pineapple and Tobacco in India? (a) Tipu Sultan (b) Hyder Ali
(a) Dutch (b) English (c) Krishnadeva Raya(d) Rajaraja II
(c) French (d) Portuguese 31. What was the bone of contention between Nizam
23. The greatest Portuguese governor who laid the Ali, the ruler of Hydrabad and the English?
real foundation of Portuguese power in India (a) Masulipatanum
was (b) Karnataka
(a) Francisco de Almedia (c) The Sarkar of Guntur
(b) Francis Drake (d) The Northern Sarkars
(c) Albuquerque 32. The statement, “We have crippled over enemy
(d) Vascoda Gama without making our friends too formidable”, is
24. Who was Sir George Oxenden? associated with
(a) First president of Council of Surat (a) Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(b) First governor of Bombay (b) Third Anglo-Mysore War
(c) First president of Council of Madras (c) Second Angle-Mysore War
(d) None of the above (d) First Anglo-Mysore War
25. Which English governor of East India Company 33. Who among the following Mughal emperors
in India was expelled by Aurangzeb? granted permission to trade free of tax in the
(a) Aungier territories of Bengal, Hyderabad and Gujarat to
(b) Sir John Child the British?
(c) Sir John William (a) Muhammad Shah (b) Aurangzeb
(d) Sir Nicholas Waite (c) Bahadur Shah (d) Farrukhsiyar
A-112 || Initial Modern History
34. The Whitley Commission was concerned with 43. In which year, did the Nawab of Awadh virtually
(a) Labour become independent of the Mughal rule?
(b) Education (a) 1740 (b) 1753
(c) Public Health (c) 1756 (d) 1665
(d) Reorganisation of civil services 44. The permanent settlement of Lord Cornwallis
35. Whom did Sir Charles Napier replace as British gave the ownership of land to
resident of Sindh?
(a) Zamindars (b) Peasants
(a) Alexander Burnier
(c) State (d) Nobles
(b) James Outram
(c) Sir John Karne 45. The first English translation of Kalidasa’s
(d) Sir Eyre Coote ‘Shakuntala’ was published in 1781. Who
36. When was the East India Company brought under translated it?
the parliamentary control? (a) Charles Wilkins
(a) 1773 (b) 1784 (b) Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe
(c) 1793 (d) None of these (c) James Princep
37. Which one of the following Acts created ‘Board of (d) William Jones
Control’? 46. From which year, did the British start striking
(a) Regulating Act 1773 Indian coins with the portrait of the British king?
(b) Pitt’s India Act 1784 (a) 1835 (b) 1858
(c) Act of 1813 (c) 1860 (d) 1758
(d) Act of 1833
47. Which building constructed in India by the British
38. Which one of the following, journals had
was known as White Town?
conducted a bitter campaign against the abolition
(a) Fort William (Calcutta)
of the practice of Sati?
(a) Sambad Kaumadi (b) Residency (Lucknow)
(b) Bangadoot (c) St. George (Madras)
(c) Samachar Darpan (d) Victoria Memorial (Calcutta)
(d) Samachar Chandrika 48. The British resident in Awadh at the time of its
39. “The emergence of British power in India is from annexation into British dominion was
the battle of Buxar.” Who made this statement? (a) Bishop R. Heber (b) Colonel Napier
(a) Sir Stephen (b) Ramsay Muir (c) James Outram (d) W.H. Sleeman
(c) Dr. K.K. Datta (d) Dr. R.C. Majumdar 49. Who was the founder of the renowned Presidency
40. In 1757, Sirajuddaulah attacked British factory College (Former Hindu College) of Calcutta?
at (a) Nathaniel Wallich
(a) Dhaka (b) Calcutta (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Kasimbazar (d) Murshidabad
(c) Devendra Nath Tagore
41. Which one of the following states was a
(d) William Carey
Milk-cow for the British?
(a) Hyderabad (b) Punjab 50. The first all-Hindi newspaper ‘Udanta Martanda’
(c) Mysore (d) Awadh was published from Calcutta in the year 1826.
42. Who among the following Europeans was first to Who was its editor?
come India to establish trade relation with their (a) Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla
country? (b) Pandit Sadal Mishra
(a) Dutch (b) Portuguese (c) Bhartendu Harishchandra
(c) British (d) French (d) Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi
History || A-113
51. Who influenced Mahadev Govind Ranade to (a) Samachar Sandhaya

establish Prarthana Samaj in Bombay? (b) Samachar Bhumi
(a) Keshav Chandra Sen (c) Samachar Darpan
(b) Devendra Nath Tagore (d) Pratham Samachar
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy 59. Who among the following was the author of a
(d) Tek Chand Drama “ Nila Darpana” ?
52. Dharma Sabha was founded in Calcutta in (a) Sharat Chandra
opposition to the Brahma Samaj of Raja Ram (b) Harishchandra Mukherji
Mohan Roy. Who was its founder? (c) Bankimchandra Chatterji
(a) Madhusudan Dutt (d) Dinabandhu Mitra
(b) Ram Narayan Tarkaratana 60. Who was the Governor General who changed
(c) Radha Kant Dev the official language of the courts of Justice from
(d) Man Mohan Ghosh Persian to English?
53. What was the main aim of the Deoband (a) Lord Cornwallis
Movement? (b) Lord William Bentick
(a) To reform Islam (c) Lord Hardinge
(b) To oppose English education (d) Lord Dalhousie
(c) To co-operate the British regime 61. In which year, did the British introduce Gregorian
(d) To modernise the Muslims calender in their dominion in India?
54. Who was the Nawab of Bengal when Diwani of (a) 1740 (b) 1752
Bengal, Bihar and Orissa was granted to East (c) 1765 (d) 1772
India Company? 62. Who was the Scholar who deciphered the ancient
(a) Siraj-ud-Daulah (b) Nazam-ud-Daulah Brahmi script for the first time?
(c) Mir Kasim (d) Mir Jafar (a) William Carey (b) William Jones
55. Eden Gardens of Calcutta was built in 1840. (c) James Princep (d) Nathanial Wallich
63. What was the real number of prisoners who died
It was named ‘Eden’ after the name of a sister
in the ‘Black Hole Tragedy’ according to the
of a Governor General of India. Who was the
available reports?
Governor General?
(a) 146 (b) 169
(a) Lord William Bentinck
(c) 210 (d) 300
(b) Charles Metacalfe
64. Who said, “We have effectively crippled
(c) Lord Auckland
our enemy without making our friends too
(d) Lord Ellenbourough
formidable”?
56. Who was the first President of Fort William?
(a) Lord Hastings (b) Lord Welleseley
(a) Job Charnoka (b) Sir John Clive
(c) Sir John Shore (d) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Sir Lord Clive (d) Sir Charls Ayar
65. To overthrow the British rule, Kuka Movement
57. Who was the chairman of the committee which
was organised in
was to study the development in education after (a) Punjab (b) Uttar Pradesh
1854 AD? (c) Bihar (d) Maharashtra
(a) H.T. Princep (b) W.W. Hunter 66. The first financial bank under European guidelines
(c) H.H. Wilson (d) W. Jones was established in India in 1770 in Calcutta by
58. The first Vernacular newspaper of India was Alexander and Co. What was the name of that
published on May 31, 1818 by Carey and bank?
Marshman from Serampore. It was in Bengali (a) People Bank (b) Indian Bank
language. What was its name? (c) European Bank (d) Bank of Hindustan
67. After his defeat in the battle of Plassey, Siraj-ud- 76. Which one of the following Governors General
Daulah fled from the battlefield, which one of the was conversant with Arabic, Persian and Bengali
following carriers he used? (a) Sir John Shore
(a) Camel (b) Elephant (b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Horse (d) Palanquin (c) Lord William Bentinck
68. Which one of the following poets had said that (d) Warren Hastings
the Battle of Plassey was ‘A Night of Eternal 77. Which one of the following founded the ‘Atmiya
Gloom’? Sabha’?
(a) Navin Chandra Sen (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (b) Devendra Nath Tagore
(c) Ravindranath Tagore (c) Swami Vivekanand
(d) Subramania Bharti (d) Akshay Kumar Dutt
69. Who of the following was not amongst the 78. “Tuhafat-ul-Muwahidin” a tract written by Ram
members of Governor General’s Council named Mohan Roy is
in the Regulating Act 1773? (a) First tract against idolatry
(a) Clavering (b) Monson (b) First tract against Kulinism
(c) Barwell (d) Hyde (c) First tract against system of Sati
70. Who signed the Treaty of Pune on the 13th June (d) First tract against widow remarriage
1817? 79. By which treaty, did the English East India
(a) Daulat Rao Schindhia Company gain the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar
(b) Baji Rao II and Orissa?
(c) Appa Saheb (a) Treaty of Murshidabad
(d) Malhar Rao Holkar (b) Treaty of Hoogly
71. State the sectors where highest amount of British (c) Treaty of Allahabad
capital was invested in India? (d) Treaty of Hariharpur
80. By which of the following Acts, was the ‘Board
(a) Tea, coffee and indigo
of Control’ created?
(b) Railways, banking, insurance and shipping
(a) Regulating Act, 1773
(c) Taxtiles
(b) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
(d) Jute Mills
(c) Charter Act, 1813
72. Kamiauti system prevalent in Bihar and Orissa
(d) Charter Act, 1833
meant
81. The first newspaper published in India was
(a) A social custom
(a) The Calcutta Chronicle
(b) A religious rite
(b) The Calcutta Gazette
(c) A form of bonded labour
(c) The Indian Gazette
(d) A traditional village institution (d) The Bengal Gazette
73. The ‘Filtration Theory’ in educational policy of 82. The treaty of Manglore was signed at the end of
India was propagated by (a) First Anglo-Mysore war
(a) W.C. Wood (b) Lord Macaulay (b) Second Anglo-Mysore war
(c) J. Mill (d) Lord Cornwallis (c) Third Anglo-Mysore war
74. The journal ‘Bengal Gazette’ was (d) Fourth Anglo-Mysore war
(a) daily (b) weekly 83. First decisive military success of English East
(c) fortnightly (d) monthly India Company in india is marked by
75. Who said, “Bantinck infused into oriented (a) Battle of Buxar
despotism the spirit of British freedom”? (b) Battle of Plassey
(a) Jeremy Bentham (b) J.S. Mill (c) Battle of Wandiwash
(c) Lord Macaulay (d) Grenville (d) Battle of Chilianwala
History || A-115
84. Which one of the following wars was ended by 93. The Treaty of Bassein was signed with the British
the treaty of madras ? by Peshwa
(a) First Carnatic war (a) Balaji Baji Rao (b) Baji Rao I
(b) Second Carnatic war (c) Baji Rao II (d) Madhav Rao
(c) First Mysore war 94. Which Maratha state was the last to accept the
(d) Second Mysore war subsidiary alliance of the British?
85. Who was appointed Deputy Diwan of Bengal by (a) Gaikwad (b) Sindhia
Robert Clive after Allahabad treaty? (c) Holkar (d) Bhonsle
(a) Rai Durlabh 95. During whose tenure, did the incident of Black
(b) Raja Shitab Rai Hole take place?
(c) Syed Ghulam Hussain (a) Mir Zafar (b) Mir Qasim
(d) Mohammed Raz Khan (c) Alivardi Khan (d) Siraj-ud-Daulah
86. Who among the following Governors General 96. Which one of the following had for the first time
formed the triple alliance against Tipu Sultan? accepted that British victory at Plasy was the
(a) Warren Hastings victory of breach of faith?
(b) Lord Cornwallis (a) Lord Clive (b) Vansittort
(c) Lord Wellesley (c) Hector Munro (d) None of these
(d) Lord William Bentick 97. When was the treaty of Alinagar signed?
87. Who among the following joined Mir Qasim and (a) February 1756 (b) September 1756
Shuja-ud-Daula in declaring war upon the English (c) February 1757 (d) April 1757
East India Company and was later defeated by 98. Which one of the following had drafted the Hindu
the British at the Battle of Buxar? Widows Remarriage Act ?
(a) Farrukhsiyar (b) Jahandar Shah (a) Lord Canning
(c) Muhammad Shah (d) Shah Alam II (b) Lord Dalhousie
88. Which one of the following Indians was appointed (c) Lord Hardinge
as Deputy Diwan of Bihar? (d) None of the above
(a) Manik Chand (b) Omi Chand 99. Who among the following had started the Public
(c) Rai Durlabh (d) Raja Shitab Rai Works Department in India in 1848?
89. The treaty of Amritsar was concluded between (a) Lord William Bentinck
Maharaja Ranjit Singh and who of the (b) Lord Dalhousie
following? (c) Lord Wellesley
(a) Lord Cornwallis (b) Lord Dalhousie (d) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Lord Hastings (d) Lord Minto 100. Between which stations was the first railway line
90. The ruler of which one of the following states was opened in India?
removed from power by the British on the pretext (a) Calcutta to Raniganj
of misgovernance? (b) Bombay to Pune
(a) Awadh (b) Jhansi (c) Calcutta to Jamshedpur
(c) Nagpur (d) Satara (d) Bombay to Thane
91. Who founded the independent state of Awadh? 101. Marathas signed the treaty of Salbai in 1782 with
(a) Shujauddaula (b) Aasfuddaula the English at the instance of
(c) Safdarjung (d) Saadat Khan (a) Peshwa (b) Gaekwar
92. The Treaty of Alinagar was concluded between (c) Sindhia (d) Holkar
(a) Murshid Quili Khan and Lord Welleseley 102. In the permanent settlement, the share of
(b) Shuja-ud-Daulah and Warren Hastings Zamindar stood at
(c) Siraj-ud-Daulah and Lord Clive (a) 1/4 (b) 1/6
(d) Mir Jafar and Lord Clive (c) 1/11 (d) 1/2
103. The Ryotwari settlement of Madras was 111. The name of the Act enabling the Hindus converted
introduced by into Christianity to inherit their ancestral property
(a) Cornwallis (b) Wingate was
(c) Clive (d) Munro (a) Act XXI, 1850 (b) Act XXII, 1850
104. The drain of wealth from India to England began (c) Act XXIII, 1850 (d) Act XXIV, 1850
after the 112. Which one of the following settlements did
(a) Permanent settlement comprise Zamindar as middleman to collect the
(b) Grant of Diwani land revenue?
(c) Removal of Mir Qasim (a) Mahalwari settlement
(d) Conquest of Mysore
(b) Ryotwari settlement
105. “A single shelf of a good European library was
(c) Permanent settlement
worth the whole native literature of India and
Arabia.” Who made this statement?
113. Who was the Governor General of India at the
(a) Lord Macaulay
(b) Lord William Bentinck time of Sindh-annexation?
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy (a) Lord Auckland
(d) Sir Charles Wood (b) Lord Mayo
106. The first definite step to provide parliamentary (c) Lord Dalhousie
control over East East India Company was taken (d) Lord Ellenborough
by 114. Identify the districts of Bengal whose revenue
(a) Regulating Act 1773 administration was transferred to the East India
(b) Pitt’s India Act 1784 Company for the acquisition of the Nawabship of
(c) Charter Act 1793 Bengal by Mir Qasim in 1760
(d) Charter Act 1833 (a) Burdwan, Midnapur and Hoogly
107. Who started the practice of granting the rights of (b) Decca, Chattagaon and Hoogly
collecting land revenue to the highest bidder? (c) Howrah, Midnapur and Hoogly
(a) Lord Clive (b) Lord Cornwallis (d) Murshidabad, Balasore and Chandranagar
(c) Lord Wellesley (d) Warren Hastings 115. Who among the following was the advisor of
108. The first tribal group which rose against the Lord Cornwallis in his judicial reforms?
British was (a) Jonathan Duncan (b) Charles Grant
(a) Kolarian (b) Mundas
(c) James Grant (d) Sir William Jones
(c) Khasis (d) Santhals
116. Which one of the following regulations declared
109. Who among the following historians has remarked
the custom of Sati as illegal?
that the government of Bengal during the period
(a) Regulation XIV of 1829
1765 AD to 1772 AD was a Robber State?
(a) K. M. Panikkar (b) Regulation XV of 1829
(b) G.W. Forest (c) Regulation XVI of 1829
(c) Lord Macaulay (d) Regulation XVII of 1829
(d) Nand Lal Chatterjee 117. Who started the socio-religious organization
110. The Rahnumai Mazadayasan Sabha was started “Tattvabodhini Sabha” and its appended journal
in 1851 to bring about socio-religious reforms ‘Tattvabodhini’?
amongst the Parsees. Whose name does not occur (a) Ram Mohan Roy
in its founder’s list? (b) Radhakant Dev
(a) Naoroji Furdonji (b) Dadabhai Naoroji (c) Devendranath Tagore
(c) S.S. Bengali (d) Shibli Nomani (d) Dwarkanath Tagore
History || A-117
118. Who among the following authored the book 127. The first Englishman to acquire the knowledge of
entitled “The Precepts of Jesus, the Guide to Sanskrit was
Peace and Happiness”? (a) James Princep (b) Sir William Jones
(a) Ram Mohan Roy (c) Charles Wilkins (d) Max Muller
(b) Michael Madhusudan Dutt 128. Which one of the following had received the title
(c) Thomas Babington Macaulay of ‘Jagat Seth’ from Muhammad Shah?
(d) William Carey (a) Hiranand Shah (b) Omichand
119. Who was the leader of the Farazi rebellion? (c) Fatehchand (d) None of the above
(a) Aga Muhammad Raza 129. Who was the Marathee Sardar when Alivardi
(b) Dudu Miyan Khan ceded the revenues of a part of Orissa?
(c) Shamsher Gazi (a) Raghuji Bhonsle
(d) Wazir Ali (b) Trimbak Rao Dhabade
120. What did the India Act V of 1843 made illegal? (c) Ranoji Sindhia
(a) Child marriage (b) Infanticide (d) Malhar Rao Holkar
(c) Slavery (d) Sati 130. Who of the following laid the first rail line in
121. Who of the following introduced the revenue India?
system called Permanent Settlement? (a) Lord Ellenborough
(a) Lord William Bentinck (b) Lord Canning
(b) Lord Cornwallis (c) Lord Dufferin
(c) Lord Wellesley (d) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Dalhousie 131. Which one among the following states was first
122. In which year, Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the annexed by Lord Dalhousie under the Doctrine
Brahmo Samaj? of Lapse?
(a) 1822 (b) 1828 (a) Hydarabad (b) Jhansi
(c) 1830 (d) 1833 (c) Sambalpur (d) Satara
132. Who among the following was the first European
123. In India, among the following locations, the
to initiate the policy of taking part in the quarrels
Dutch established their earliest factory at
of Indian Princes with a view to acquire territories?
(a) Surat (b) Pulicat
(a) Lord Clive (b) Dupleix
(c) Cochin (d) Cassimbazar
(c) Albuquerque (d) Warren Hastings
124. Who of the following led the army of the East
133. At the time when empires in Europe were
India Company in the battle of Buxar in 1764?
crumbling before the might of Napoleon, which
(a) Hector Munro (b) Watson
one of the following Governors General kept the
(c) Warren Hastings (d) Lord Clive
British flag flying high in India?
125. Who was the father of Civil Service?
(a) Warren Hastings (b) Lord Cornwallis
(a) Lord Minto
(c) Lord Wellesley (d) Lord Hastings
(b) Lord Wellesley
134. Who was the first Governor General of Bengal?
(c) Lord William Bentinck (a) Lord Clive (b) Warren Hastings
(d) Lord Cornwallis (c) Lord Wellesley (d) Lord Hastings
126. Whom did Sir Charles Napier replace as the 135. Who among the following was the first Governor
British resident of Sindh? General of India?
(a) Alexander Burner (a) Robert Clive
(b) Major James Outram (b) Lord Canning
(c) Sir John Karne (c) Lord William Bentinck
(d) Sir Eyer Coote (d) Lord Wellesley
136. Kol revolt of 1831 – 32 was led by 144. Who among the following was the British
(a) Buddhu Bhagat (b) Surga residence in Awadh at the time of its annexation
(c) Siddhu (d) Ram Singh into British dominion?
137. Which British Commander was defeated by the (a) James Outram (b) W.H. Sleeman
Santhals in 1855?
(c) General Low (d) Bishop R. Hebar
(a) Captain Nek Feville
145. Subsidiary alliance was implemented during the
(b) Lt. Bastain
(c) Major Burrough reign of
(d) Colonel White (a) Lord Cornwallis (b) Lord Wellesley
138. By virtue of whose efforts, Hindu Widow (c) Sir John Shore (d) Lord Auckland
Remarriage Act was passed in 1856? 146. In which of the following Acts, the provision was
(a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar made for the establishment of Supreme Court at
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy Calcutta?
(c) H.V. Derozio (a) Regulating Act, 1773
(d) Vishnu Shastri Pandit (b) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
139. Which one of the following revolts was made (c) Charter Act, 1813
famous by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his (d) Charter Act, 1833
novel Anand Math? 147. The last King of Sikh Kingdom was
(a) Bhil Uprising (a) Ranjeet Singh (b) Navnihal Singh
(b) Pagal Panthis Revolt
(c) Daleep Singh (d) Sher Singh
(c) Munda Revolt
148. Who among the following has been called as a
(d) Sanyasi Rebellion
“Heaven Born General”?
140. Who among the following immediately
succeeded Ram Mohan Roy as the head of the (a) Francis Dupleix (b) Robert Clive
Brahma Samaj? (c) Albuquerque (d) Lord Cornwallis
(a) Keshav Chandra Sen 149. Who among the following had said, “God
(b) Devendra Nath Tagore intended me to look upon all religions with one
(c) Akshay Kumar Datta eye, that is why he took away the light from the
(d) Shinath Shastri other”?
141. Who among the following started the newspaper (a) Maharaja Dalip Singh
Shome Prakash? (b) Maharaja Sher Singh
(a) Dayanand Saraswati (c) Maharaja Ranjeet Singh
(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (d) None of the above
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy 150. Who of the following was impeached in the
(d) Akshay Kumar Datta British Parliament?
142. The tomb of Lord Cornwallis is situated at
(a) Warren Hastings
(a) Ghazipur (b) Gorakhpur
(b) Lord Hastings
(c) Varanasi (d) Ballia
(c) Lord Clive
143. Which Governor General had abolished slavery
in India?
(a) Lord Cornwallis 151. Who among the following was founded the
(b) Lord Wellesley Asiatic Society of Bengal?
(c) Lord William Bentinck (a) J.A. Hickey (b) Max. Muller
(d) Lord Ellenborough (c) Willkins (d) William Jones
History || A-119
152. The leading light of the Renaissance Movement 158. Sharada Act fixed the minimum age of marriage
in India was of girls and boys respectively as
(a) Devendra Nath Tagore (a) 12 and 16 (b) 14 and 18
(b) Keshav Chandra Sen (c) 15 and 21 (d) 16 and 22
(c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 159. Who is considered as the prophet of Indian
(d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy Nationalism?
153. The kingdom of Ranjeet Singh included (a) M.K. Gandhi
(a) Delhi (b) Kabul (b) Ravindra Nath Tagore
(c) Makran (d) Srinagar (c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Dayanand Saraswati
154. Who among the following was the founder of
160. The Brahmo Samaj is based on the principle of
Calcutta?
(a) Monotheism (b) Polytheism
(a) Charles Ayar (b) Job Charnock
(c) Atheism (d) Monism
(c) Garold Angiyar (d) William Novris
161. Who among the following formulated and
155. Brahmo Samaj of Raja Ram Mohan Roy was
implemented the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’?
against child marriage. Inspite of this, one of
(a) Lord Wellesley (b) Lord Clive
his followers himself married his daughter in
(c) Lord Hastings (d) Lord Dalhousie
childhood and paved the way for disintegration
162. Through which one of the following were
of this institution. Who was that follower?
(a) Devendra Nath Tagore commercial activities of the East India Company
(b) Keshav Chandra Sen finally put to an end ?
(c) Ramchandra Vidyavageesh (a) The Charter Act of 1793
(d) Dwarka Nath Tagore (b) The Charter Act of 1813
156. The Bengali leader who opposed socio-religious (c) The Charter Act of 1833
reforms and supported orthodoxy was (d) The Charter Act of 1853
(a) Radhakant Dev 163. Cornwallis code of 1793 separated
(b) Nemisadhan Bose (a) Revenue collection for administration of
(c) Hemchandra Biswas civil justice
(d) Hemchandra De (b) Civil administration from judicial
157. Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by administration
(a) Lord William Bentinck (c) The Bengal administration from central
(b) Akbar II administration
(c) Followers of Brahma Samaj (d) The civil administration from military
(d) Intellectuals opposing the custom of Sati administration
ANSWER KEY
1. (b) 22. (d) 43. (b) 64. (d) 85. (d) 106. (a) 127. (c) 148. (b)
2. (c) 23. (c) 44. (a) 65. (a) 86. (b) 107. (d) 128. (c) 149. (c)
3. (a) 24. (b) 45. (d) 66. (d) 87. (d) 108. (c) 129. (a) 150. (a)
4. (c) 25. (b) 46. (a) 67. (a) 88. (d) 109. (a) 130. (d) 151. (d)
5. (c) 26. (d) 47. (c) 68. (a) 89. (d) 110. (d) 131. (d) 152. (d)
6. (d) 27. (b) 48. (c) 69. (d) 90. (a) 111. (a) 132. (b) 153. (d)
7. (b) 28. (d) 49. (b) 70. (b) 91. (d) 112. (c) 133. (d) 154. (b)
8. (c) 29. (c) 50. (a) 71. (b) 92. (c) 113. (d) 134. (b) 155. (b)
9. (a) 30. (a) 51. (a) 72. (c) 93. (c) 114. (a) 135. (c) 156. (a)
10. (b) 31. (c) 52. (c) 73. (b) 94. (c) 115. (d) 136. (a) 157. (b)
11. (b) 32. (b) 53. (b) 74. (b) 95. (d) 116. (d) 137. (c) 158. (b)
12. (a) 33. (d) 54. (b) 75. (c) 96. (a) 117. (c) 138. (a) 159. (c)
13. (c) 34. (a) 55. (c) 76. (d) 97. (c) 118. (a) 139. (d) 160. (a)
14. (d) 35. (b) 56. (d) 77. (a) 98. (b) 119. (b) 140. (b) 161. (d)
15. (b) 36. (a) 57. (b) 78. (a) 99. (b) 120. (c) 141. (b) 162. (c)
16. (c) 37. (b) 58. (c) 79. (c) 100. (d) 121. (b) 142. (a) 163. (b)
17. (b) 38. (d) 59. (d) 80. (b) 101. (c) 122. (b) 143. (d)
18. (c) 39. (a) 60. (b) 81. (d) 102. (c) 123. (c) 144. (a)
19. (a) 40. (c) 61. (b) 82. (b) 103. (d) 124. (a) 145. (b)
20. (c) 41. (d) 62. (c) 83. (a) 104. (b) 125. (d) 146. (a)
21. (a) 42. (b) 63. (a) 84. (c) 105. (a) 126. (b) 147. (c)
Hints & Solutions

1. (b) The charter to the English East India Company 2. (c) Red Dragon was the first English ship that came
for monopoly of eastern trade for 15 years was to India. The Red Dragon fought the Portuguese
given by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600. Initially, the at the Battle of Swally in 1612, and made several
Company struggled in the spice trade due to the
voyages to the East Indies.
competition from the already well-established
Dutch East India Company. The company opened 3. (a) The Portuguese were the first Europeans to set
a factory in Bantam on the first voyage and imports up Sea trade centres in India. The first successful
of pepper from Java were an important part of the voyage to India was by Vasco da Gama in 1498,
company’s trade for twenty years. The factory in when he arrived in Calicut, now in Kerala. The
Bantam was closed in 1683. During this time, ships
colonial era in India began in 1502, when the
belonging to the company arriving in India docked
at Surat, which was established as a trade transit Portuguese empire established the first European
point in 1608. trading centre at Kollam, Kerala.
History || A-121
4. (c) Francisco de Almeida was the first Portuguese 11. (b) War of Austrian succession flared up the first
viceroy in India. In 1505, the King of Portugal Carnatic War in India. The First Carnatic War
appointed Dom Francisco de Almeida as the first (1746 – 1748) was the first of a series of Carnatic
Portuguese viceroy in India, followed in 1509 by Wars that established early British dominance
Dom Afonso de Albuquerque. In 1510, Albuquerque on the east coast of the Indian subcontinent. The
conquered the city of Goa, which had been controlled war demonstrated to French, British, and Indian
by Muslims. observers the extraordinary advantage of European-
5. (c) The factory of Hoogly in Bengal was trained military forces over those of the local Indian
established by Portuguese. powers, and set the stage for the rapid growth of
French hegemony in southern India under the
6. (d) Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to
command of French Governor-General Joseph
India in 1498. The first Portuguese encounter with
François Dupleix in the Second Carnatic War.
India was on 20 May 1498 when Vasco da Gama
reached Calicut on Malabar Coast. Vasco da Gama 14. (d) The British East India Company was formed
sailed to India for a second time with 15 ships and during the reign of Elizabeth I. Commonly
800 men, arriving at Calicut on 30 October 1502, associated with trade in basic commodities, which
where the ruler was willing to sign a treaty. included cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea
and opium, the Company received a Royal Charter
7. (b) Fort St. George was the first fort constructed by
from Queen Elizabeth in 1600, making it the oldest
the British in India. Fort St George was founded in
among several similarly formed European East
1644 at the coastal city of Madras, the modern city
India Companies.
of Chennai. The construction of the fort provided the
impetus for further settlements and trading activity, 16. (c) Vasco Da Gama came to India for three times.
in what was originally an uninhabited land. The fort He arrived in India in September 1524 and died in
is one of the 163 notified areas (megalithic sites) in the city of Cochin on Christmas Eve in 1524, three
the state of Tamil Nadu. months after his arrival. As per royal instructions,
Gama was succeeded as governor of India by one of
8. (c) Portuguese trading company adopted the ‘Blue
the captains who had come with him, Henrique de
Water Policy’ in India. Francisco de Almeida became
Menezes.
the 1st Portuguese viceroy in India initiated the
Blue Water Policy, which aimed at the Portuguese 17. (b) The British East India Company opened its
Mastery of the Sea and confined Portuguese first factory in India at Surat. The first English
relationship with India only for the purpose of trade factory was set up on the banks of the river
and commerce. Hugly in 1651.
9. (a) The battle of Wandiwas was fought between 18. (c) Lord Macartany the Governor of Madras
the British and French companies. This was the Presidency made treaty of Mangalore with Tipu. The
Third Carnatic War fought between the French second Anglo-Mysore war was ended on 11 March
and the British. After making substantial gains in 1784 with the signing of the treaty of Mangalore.
Bengal and Hyderabad, the British, after collecting The treaty is an important document in the history
huge amount of revenue, were fully equipped to of India, because it was the last occasion when an
face the French in Wandiwash. Thus, they defeated Indian power dictated terms to the British, who were
the French comprehensively in this battle. under orders from London to negotiate a peace.
20. (c) Murshid Quli Khan founded independent state emperor Aurangzeb, whose troops captured Surat
of Bengal. Murshid Quli Khan united his force and and forced Child to make peace. One of the peace
position and in the year 1719 he renamed his capital terms required Child to leave India, but he died
city from Makhsusabad to Murshidabad after his while the matter was still pending.
name. This change of name was approved by the 26. (d) Farrukhsiyar gave an important Firman to the
then Mughal emperor and thus Murshid Quli Khan English of facilitating their trade in India. It was
became the independent Nawab of Bengal. during Farrukhsiyar’s reign, in 1717, that the British
21. (a) The French were last to come to pre- East India Company purchased duty-free trading
independence India as traders. France was the last rights in all of Bengal for a mere three thousand
of the major European maritime powers of the 17th rupees a year.
century to enter the East India trade in a significant 27. (b) The Peshwa who engineered the capture of
way. Six decades after the foundation of the English Salsette and Bassein from the Portuguese in 1739
and Dutch East India companies (in 1600 and 1602 was Baji Rao I. In 1720, one of the ports of Bassein,
respectively), and at a time when both companies Kalyan, was conquered by the Marathas and in
were multiplying factories on the shores of India, 1737, they took possession of Thane including all
the French still didn’t have a viable trading company the forts in Salsette island and the forts of Parsica,
and a single permanent establishment in the East. Trangipara, Saibana, Ilha das Vaccas - (Island of
22. (d) The portuguese introduced cashewnut, Arnala), Manora, Sabajo, the hills of Santa Cruz and
pineapple and tobacco in India. The Portuguese Santa Maria.
introduced into India the following agricultural 28. (d) Nizam of Hyderabad was the first Indian native
products: cashew-nut, tobacco, the custard apple, ruler to accept the system of subsidiary alliance.
guava, the pineapple, and the papaya, and also an Tipu Sultan of Mysore refused to accept it but after
improved variety of coconut seeds. the British victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War,
23. (c) The greatest Portuguese Governor who laid the Mysore was forced to become a subsidiary ally.
real foundation of Portuguese power in India was Later the Maratha ruler Baji Rao II also accepted
Albuquerque. On 4 November 1509, Albuquerque subsidiary alliance in the treaty of Bassein.
became the second Governor of the State of India, a 29. (c) The book ‘Zij Muhammad Shahi’ related to
position he would hold until his death. Albuquerque knowledge of Astrology produced in 1733 is written
speedily showed the energy and determination of by Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur. Zij is the generic name
his character. He intended to dominate the Muslim applied to Islamic astronomical books that tabulate
world and control the spice trade. parameters used for astronomical calculations of the
24. (b) Sir George Oxenden was the first Governor of positions of the Sun, moon, stars, and planets. The
Bombay. In March 1667, Charles II ceded Bombay Zij-i Muhammad Shahi, was one of the most famous
to the East India Company, and they commissioned Zij compiled at Jai Singh II of Amber’s Jantar
Oxenden to take possession of the island of Bombay. Mantar observatories. It is notable for employing
In August of that year, the court of directors the use of telescopic observations.
appointed him governor and commander-in-chief of 30. (a) The South Indian ruler who introduced
Bombay. sericulture as an agro-industry in his kingdom was
25. (b) Sir John Child, the English Governor of East Tipu Sultan. Sericulture was started during 1875,
India Company in India, was expelled by Aurangzeb. during the regime of Tipu Sultan ruler of Mysore
Child became involved in a war with the Mughal kingdom, who brought mulberry from Bengal to
History || A-123
the south and planted it in Kollegal and adjoining a master of satire and between 1825 and 1831
areas, while the silkworm Bombyx mori races were castigated the men and women who were inclining
brought by him from China. to new ways of life and abandoning the traditional
31. (c) The Sarkar of Guntur was the bone of contention simple habits.
between Nizam Ali, the ruler of Hyderabad and the 40. (c) In 1757, Sirajuddaulah attacked British factory
English. at Kasimbazar. Sirajuddaulah asked the Company
32. (b) The statement, “We have crippled our enemy to stop meddling in the political affairs of his
without making our friends too formidable”, is dominion, stop fortification, and pay the revenues.
associated with the Third Anglo-Mysore War. After negotiations failed, the Nawab marched
33. (d) Farruksiyar granted permission to trade free with 30,000 soldiers to the English factory at
of tax in the territories of Bengal, Hyderabad and Kasimbazar, captured the Company officials, locked
Gujarat to the British. the warehouse, disarmed all Englishmen, and
34. (a) The Whitley Commission was concerned with blockaded English ships. Then he marched to
Labour. An Irish scholar and lawyer Whitley Stokes Calcutta to establish control over the Company’s
(1830 – 1909), worked in India for about 20 years. fort there.
After a period during which he drafted procedural 42. (b) Portuguese were first to come India to establish
codes for both civil and criminal law, he was trade relation wish their country. The colonial era in
appointed president of a commission charged with India began in 1502, when the Portuguese empire
drawing up a comprehensive code of law for India. established the first European trading centre at
36. (a) The East India Company was brought under Kollam, Kerala. In 1505, the King of Portugal
the parliamentary control in 1773. The Parliament appointed Dom Francisco de Almeida as the first
of Great Britain imposed a series of administrative Portuguese viceroy in India.
and economic reforms by the Regulating Act of 1773 44. (a) The permanent settlement of Lord Cornwallis
and by doing so clearly established its sovereignty gave the ownership of land to Zamindars. The
and ultimate control over the Company. Zamindars were made the owners of the whole land
37. (b) Pitt’s India Act (1784) created the Board of in their Zamindaris as long as they paid their dues to
Control. Relationship to the British government: the the state and they worked as agents of government
bill differentiated the East India Company’s political in collecting the land revenue.
functions from its commercial activities. In political
46. (a) In 1835, the Bitish started striking Indian coins
matters, the East India Company was subordinated
with the portrait of the British king. British India
to the British government directly. To accomplish
Coins (1862 – 1947) were stuck under the authority
this, the Act created a Board of Commissioners for
of the crown. The new coins minted under the
the affairs of India, usually referred to as the Board
of Control. Coinage Act, 1835 had the effigy of William IV on
the obverse and the value on the reverse in English
38. (d) Samachar Chandrika had conducted a bitter
and Persian. The coins issued after 1840 bore the
compaign against the abolition of the practice of
portrait of Queen Victoria. The first coinage under
Sati. In Calcutta, the gifted Bhabani Charan Banerji
the crown was issued in 1862 and in 1877 Queen
left Ram Mohan’s Bengali paper and conducted
Victoria assumed the title of the Empress of India.
in opposition to him a rival journal the Sambad
Chandrika. Bhabani Charan (1814 – 1833) was We have tried to cover the Uniform coinage of this
period.
49. (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the founder of the 55. (c) Lord Auckland was the Governor General
renowned Presidency College of Calcutta. Initially when the Eden Gardens of Calcutta was built in
established as the Mahapathshala wing of Hindu 1840. The Gardens came into being when the
College, it was renamed Presidency College, i.e. the Governor General Lord Auckland desired to create
college of the Bengal Presidency, in 1855. He is also
a circus and a garden. A pleasure ground with an
regarded as the “Father of the Bengal Renaissance.
oblong tank in centre was laid out on this site. The
The “superstitious practices” to which Rammohan
Roy objected included Sati, caste rigidity, polygamy site was initially named ‘Auckland Circus Gardens’.
and child marriages. 57. (b) W.W. Hunter was the Chairman of the
50. (a) Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla was the editor of committee which was to study the development in
the first all Hindu newspaper “ Udanta-Martanda” education after 1854 AD. Lord Ripon appointed the
published from Kanpur in the year 1826. The first Indian Education Commission on 3rd February
newspaper was started on May 20, 1826; with it for 1882. Sir Willium Hunter (a member of viceroy’s
the first time a newspaper was published completely Executive Council) was appointed as the chairman
in Hindi, using Devanagari script. Udant Martand
of the commission. The commission was popularly
employed a mix of Khari Boli and Braj Bhasha
known as Hunter Commission after the name of its
dialects of Hindi. The first issue printed 500 copies,
and the newspaper was published every Tuesday. chairman. Besides the chairman, the commission
consisted of 20 other members. There was a good
51. (a) Keshav Chandra Sen influenced Mahadev
Govind Ranade to establish Prarthana Samaj in representation of missionaries and Indians in the
Bombay. M.G. Ranade worked for the emancipation commission. Among the Indian members were
of women. In 1861, he founded the Widow Marriage Sayed Mahmud, Bhudev Mukherjee, Anand Mohan
Association. In 1870, Ranade rendered help in the Bose and K.T. Telang.
establishment of Sarvajanik Sabha at Poona. 58. (c) Samachar Darpan, the first vernacular
52. (c) Dharma Sabha was founded in Calcutta in newspaper of India, was published on May 31, 1818
1830, in opposition to the Brahma Samaj of Raja by Carey and Marshman from Serampore. It started
Ram Mohan Roy by Radha Kant Dev. An orthodox
during the period of Lord Hastings. The first Indian
society, it stood for the preservation of the status
newspaper was the ‘Bengal Gazette’ started in 1780
quo in socio-religious matters opposing even the
abolition of Sati. However, it favoured the promotion by James Augustus Hickey.
of western education, even for girls. 59. (d) Dinabandhu Mitra was the author of a Drama
53. (b) The main aim of the Deoband Movement “Nila Darpana”. Mitra stormed the social and the
was to oppose English education. The Deoband literary circle of Bengal by his most notable play
Movement was established in Saharnpur district in Nildarpan in the year 1860. It was published from
1866 by Mohammad Qasim Nanotavi (1832 – 80) Dhaka and soon after its publication it ignited a
and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi (1828 – 1905) to train
major argument in the newspapers.
religious leaders for the Muslim community.
60. (b) Lord William Bentinck was the Governor
54. (b) Nazam-ud-daulah was the Nawab of Bengal
General who changed the official language of the
when Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa was
granted to East India Company. In 1765, the courts of justice from Persian to English. Printing
Company was granted the Diwani, or the right to of English books were made free and these were
collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar. available at a relatively low price.
History || A-125
63. (a) The real number of prisoners who died in the to them. Peshwa handed over his Minister to the
‘Black Hole Tragedy’, according to the available British, who lodged him in Thana jail from where
reports, was 146. The Black Hole of Calcutta was a he escaped. Consequently, on 13 June 1817, the
dungeon in colonial India in which a large number British Resident Elphinstone forced the Peshwa to
of British prisoners of war allegedly died on the sign the treaty of Poona. Baji Rao gave up his desire
night of 20 June 1756. to become the supreme head of the Marathas.
65. (a) To overthrew the British rule, Kuka movement 73. (b) The ‘Filtration Theory’, in educational policy
was organised in Punjab. Its principal objective was of India, was propagated by Lord Macaulay. The
to spread the true spirit of Sikhism shorn of tawdry British planned to educate a small section of upper
customs and mannerism, which had been growing and middle classes, thus creating a class who would
on it since the beginning of Sikh monarchy. In act as interpreters between the government and
the midst of national pride born of military glory masses and would enrich the vernaculars by which
and political power, this movement extolled the knowledge of western sciences and literature would
religious obligation for a pious and simple living. reach the masses. This was called the ‘Downward
They were called “Kukas” because of their peculiar Filtration Theory’.
style to recite the Gurbani. 76. (d) Warren Hastings was conversant with Arabic,
66. (d) Bank of Hindustan, the first financial bank Persian and Bengali languages besides English.
under European guidelines, was established in India He was a gifted personality endowed with ‘strong
in 1770 in Calcutta by Alexander and company. The will, great energy and resourcefulness’. His long
origin of western type commercial banking in India stay in Bengal ‘in the shadow of the Mughal
dates back to the 18th century. The story of banking cultural tradition’ gave him enough opportunity
starts from Bank of Hindusthan established in 1770 to learn oriental languages, such as Bengali
and it was first bank at Calcutta under European (the local language) and Persian (the diplomatic
management. In 1786, General Bank of India was language) and to develop ‘oriental tastes’. Since
set up. Since Calcutta was the most active trading he considered Indian culture as a basis for sound
port in India, mainly due to the trade of the British Indian administration, he patronised the learning of
empire, it became a banking centre. Indian languages and arts.
70. (b) Baji Rao II signed the treaty of Pune on the 13th 77. (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the ‘Atmiya
June 1817. Peshwa Baji Rao II wanted to become Sabha.’ In 1814, he set up a Amitya Sabha in
the head of the Maratha Confederacy and at the Calcutta to campaign against idolatry, caste
same time wanted freedom from the British control. rigidities, meaningless rituals and other social ills.
His Chief Minister Tirimbakji encouraged him. On 78. (a) ‘Tuhafat-ul-Muwahidin’, a tract written by
the advice of the Company, the Gaekwar sent his Ram Mohan Roy, is the first tract against idolatry.
Prime Minister Gangadhar Shastri to negotiate with He believed that prayers, meditation and reading
the Peshwa. On his way back, Gangadhar Shastri of the Upanishads were to be forms of worship
was murdered at Nasik in July 1815, at the instance and no graven image. Statue or sculpture, craving,
of Triambakji. This caused a lot of anger not only painting, picture, portrait, etc. were to be allowed in
among the Marathas but also among the British. the society building thus proclaiming opposition to
The latter asked the Peshwa to hand overTriambakji idolatry and meaningless rituals.
80. (b) The Board of Control created by the Pitt’s 86. (b) Lord Cornwallis formed the triple alliance
India Act, 1784. The implication of the Act was against Tipu Sultan, The English, the Nizam and the
the establishment of dual control; the company’s Marathas entered into a “Triple Alliance” against
directors were political executants with charge of Mysore. The war against Mysore was carried on in
commerce, but they were politically superintended three campaigns. The first under Medows proved
indecisive. The other two campaigns were led by
by a new Board of Control.
Cornwallis himself.
81. (d) The first newspaper published in India was the
87. (d) Shah Alam II joined Mir Qasim and Shuja-ud-
Bengal Gazette. James Augustus Hickey published Daula in declaring war upon the English East India
the first newspaper in India on January 29, 1780. Company and was later defeated by the British at
It was the liberal policy of the Press Act of 1835, the battle of Buxar.
which continued till 1856, that encouraged the 88. (d) Raja Shitab Rai was appointed as Deputy
growth of newspapers in the country. Diwan of Bihar. For the exercise of Diwani
82. (b) The second Anglo-Mysore War ended with the functions, the company appointed two deputy
signing of the treaty of Mangalore in 1784. Lack of Diwans, Mohammad Raza Khan for Bengal and
Raja Sitab Roy for Bihar.
resources, uncertainty of the attitude of the Marathas,
the presence of the French fleet on the Coromandel 91. (d) Saadat Khan founded the independent state
of Awadh. Saadat Khan was popularly known as
coast and some other considerations forced the
Burhan-ul-Mulk. He had joined in a conspiracy
English to seek peace. The treaty was fallout of a
against the Sayyid brothers, later, driven out of the
peace between the French and the English.
court; he was promoted to found a new independent
83. (a) First decisive military success of English East state.
India Company in India is marked by the battle 93. (c) The treaty of Bassein was signed with the
of Buxar. The victory at the Buxar was solely British by Peshwa Baji Rao II. The treaty brought the
due to superior military power. The defeat of the company into definite relation with the formal head
confederacy was inherent in the defects of the Indian of the Maratha confederacy. The treaty of Bassein,
army and state organization. described as “a treaty with a cipher” wounded the
feelings of the other Maratha leaders.
84. (c) First Mysore War was ended by the treaty
95. (d) During the tenure of Sirajuddaula, the incident
of Madras. The first Anglo-Mysore war proved
of Black Hole take place. The Black Hole of Calcutta
indecisive and ended with a peace treaty in 1769.
was a dungeon in colonial India in which a large
Haidar Ali dictated the treaty which provided for number of British prisoners of war allegedly died on
the exchange of prisoners and mutual restitution of the night of 20 June 1756.
conquests. 97. (c) In February 1757, the treaty of Alinagar was
85. (d) Mohammad Raza Khan was appointed signed. The treaty of Alinagar was concluded
Deputy Diwan of Bengal by Robert Clive after between Sirajuddaula and Lord Clive. The Nawab
the Allahabad treaty. For the exercise of Diwani was forced to sign the Treaty of Alinagar on 9th
functions, the Company appointed two deputy February 1757, wherein all the demands of the
Diwans, Mohammad Raza Khan for Bengal and English were conceded. The Nawab was asked to
restore the rights and immunities of the Company
Raja Sitab Roy for Bihar. Mohammad Raza Khan
and to compensate them for the losses they had
also acted as deputy Nazim or deputy Subahdar.
suffered in the war.
History || A-127
98. (b) Lord Dalhousie had drafted the Hindu Widows 114. (a) Burdwan, Midnapur and Hoogly were the
Remarriage Act. It was mainly due to the efforts districts of Bengal whose revenue administration
of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (1820 – 91), was transferred to the East India Company for the
the principal of Sanskrit college, Calcutta that the acquisition of the Nawabship of Bengal by Mir
Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856, which Qasim in 1760.
legalized marriage of widows and declared issues
115. (d) Sir William Jones was the advisor of Lord
from such marriages as legitimate, was passed by
Cornwallis in his judicial reforms. In the work of
the government.
judicial reorganization, Cornwallis secured the
99. (b) Lord Dalhousie had started the Public Works
services of Sir William Jones, who was a judge
Department in India in 1848. Before the period of
and a great scholar. Civil and criminal courts were
Dalhousie, the job of the Public Works Department
completely reorganized.
was done by the Military Board. Dalhousie created
a separate Public Works Department and allotted 116. (d) Regulation XVII of 1829 declared the custom
more funds for cutting canals and roads. The Upper of Sati as illegal. Bentinck became a crusader
Ganges Canal was completed in 1854. Many bridges against it and promulgated his Regulation XVII
were constructed. By modernizing the Public on 4 December 1829 prohibiting the practice of
Works Department, he laid the foundations of the Sati. Those who practiced Sati were made liable
engineering service in India. for punishment by law courts as accessories to the
101. (c) Marathas signed the treaty of Salbai in 1782 crime. The Regulation was extended to the Madras
with the English at the instance of Sindhia. The and Bombay Presidencies in 1830.
treaty established the status quo in Anglo-Maratha 117. (c) Devendranath Tagore started the socio-
relations. Though the material gains of the English
religious organization ‘Tattvabodhini Sabha’
from the treaty were not very impressive, it gave
and its appended jounral ‘Tattvabodhini.’ Before
them peace with the Marathas for twenty years, the
Debendranath joined the Brahmo Samaj, he had
time which was needed by the British to concentrate
organized a Tattvaranjini Sabha at Calcutta. The
on other fronts, especially Mysore.
same Sabha was later known as Tattvabodhini
102. (c) In the Permanent settlement, the share of
Sabha. The objectives of Tattvabodhini Sabha were
Zamindar stood at 1/11. The Zamindar was required
to encourage religious inquiries and disseminate the
to pay about 89 per cent (10/11) of what he received
as land revenue to the government and retain 11 per essence of Upanishads.
cent (1/11) with himself for his service. 118. (a) Ram Mohan Roy authored the book entitled
103. (d) The Ryotwari settlement of Madras was ‘The Precepts of Jesus, the Guide to Peace and
introduced by Munro. In this system, revenue Happiness.’ In this book, he tried to separate the
settlement was done directly with the ryots. Ryots moral and philosophical message of the New
would be periodically revised generally after 20 to Testament, which he praised from its miracle
30 years. But the government retained the right to stories.
enhance the land revenue at will. 119. (b) Dadu Miyan was the leader of the Farazi
112. (c) Permanent settlement comprises Zamindar rebellion. Farazis were the followers of a Muslim
as middleman to collect the land revenue. The sect founded by Haji Shariatallah of Faridpur in
Zamindars were made the owners of the whole land eastern Bengal. They advocated radical religious,
in their Zamindari as long as they paid their dues to social and political changes. Shariatullah’s son
the state and they worked as agents of government Dadu Miyan organized his followers with an aim to
in collecting the land revenue. expel the English intruders from Bengal.
120. (c) Slavery was made illegal by the India Act V 127. (c) The first Englishman to acquire the knowledge
of 1843. The Indian Slavery Act, 1843, also Act V of Sanskrit was Charles Wilkins. He was encouraged
of 1843, was an act passed in British India under by Warren Hastings to study with the Pundits at
East India Company rule, which outlawed many Banaras.
economic transactions associated with slavery.
128. (c) Fatehchand had received the title of ‘Jagat Seth’
121. (b) Lord Cornwallis introduced the revenue system from Muhammad Shah. Fatehchand was adopted
called permanent settlement. Lord Cornwallis’ son of Manik Chand. He obtained the title of “Seth”
most conspicuous administrative measure was the from the Emperor Farrakhsiyar. Muhammad Shah
Permanent Land Revenue Settlement of Bengal,
bestowed him with the title of “Jagat Seth”.
which was extended to the provinces of Bihar and
130. (d) Lord Dalhousie laid the frist rail line in India.
Orissa. The Zamindars of Bengal were recognised
as the owners of land as long as they paid the Railways were first introduced to India in 1853
revenue to the East India Company regularly. The from Bombay to Thane.
amount of revenue that the Zamindars had to pay 131. (d) Satara was first annexed by Lord Dalhousie
to the Company was firmly fixed and would not be under the Doctrine of Lapse. The Doctrine of Lapse
raised under any circumstances. In other words, the was applied by Dalhousie to Satara and it was
government of the East India Company got 89% annexed in 1848. Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed
leaving the rest to the Zamindars. in 1854. As a result of these annexations, a large
122. (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo part of the central provinces came under the British
Samaj in 1828. He founded Brahmo Samaj in order rule. The new province was governed by a Chief
to institutionalise his ideas and mission which Commissioner from 1861.
aimed at political uplift of the masses through social 132. (b) Dupleix was the first European to initiate
reform and to that extent can be said to have had
the policy of taking part in the quarrels of Indian
nationalist undertones.
princes with a view to acquire territories.
123. (c) The Battle of Wandiwash was fought between
133. (d) When empires in Europe were crumbling
British and the French. Merchants of the Dutch
before the might of Napoleon. On the other hand,
East India Company first established themselves in
Lord Hastings the Governor General kept the
Dutch Coromandel, notably Pulicat, as they were
looking for textiles to exchange with the spices they British flag flying high in India.
traded in the East Indies. 134. (b) Warren Hastings was the first Governor
124. (a) Hector Munro led the army of the East India General of Bengal. When Warren Hastings assumed
Company in the battle of Buxar in 1764. The the administration of Bengal in 1772, he found it in
combined armies of Mir Kasim, the Nawab of Awadh utter chaos. The financial position of the Company
and Shah Alam II were defeated by the English became worse and the difficulties were intensified
forces under Major Hector Munro at Buxar. by famine. Therefore, Warren Hastings realized the
125. (d) Lord Cornwallis was the father of Civil immediate need for introducing reforms and was
Services. The term ‘civil service’ was used for the responsible for lot of reforms in Bengal.
first time by the East India Company to distinguish its 136. (a) Kol revolt of 1831–32 was led by Buddhu
civilian employee from their military counterparts. Bhagat. Kol Mutiny covered Ranchi, Singhbhum,
Lord Cornwallis started the Civil Service in Indian Hazaribagh, Palamau and the western parts of
to effectively administer British territories in India. Manbhum.
History || A-129
137. (c) Major Burrough the British Commander 144. (a) James Outram was the British residence in
was defeated by the Santhals in 1855. The British Awadh at the time of its annexation into British
weren’t ready for such a revolt from Santhals, a Dominion. In 1854, he was appointed resident
small contingent of force under Major Burrough at Lucknow, in which capacity two years later he
was called to suppress the rebels but he meet carried out the annexation of Oudh and became the
tremendous resistance and was defeated at first chief commissioner of that province.
Pirpainati. The victory of the Santhals over the all 145. (b) Subsidiary alliance was implemented during
mighty British further fuelled the rebellion and it the reign of Lord Wellesley. Wellesley’s Subsidiary
spread like wildfire. System is regarded as one of the masterstrokes
138. (a) The Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act of 1856, of British imperialism. It increased the military
strength of the Company in India at the expense
enacted in response to the campaign of Pandit Ishwar
of the protected states. The territories of the
Chandra Vidyasagar, provided legal safeguards
Company were free from the ravages of war thereby
against loss of certain forms of inheritance for a
establishing the stability of the British power in
remarrying Hindu widow.
India.
139. (d) Sanyasi Rebellion was made famous by
147. (c) The last king of Sikh kingdom was Daleep
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel Anand Singh. In 1849, the British Government deposed the
Math. The restrictions imposed on visits to holy Maharaja Duleep Singh and annexed the Punjab;
places estranged the Sanyasis. The Sanyasis since which time it has been under British rule, and
retaliated by organizing raids on the company’s the Maharaja has been a pensioner of the British
factories and state treasuries. Government.
141. (b) Newspapers were an important medium for the 148. (b) Robert Clive has been called as a ‘Heaven
dissemination of information on various problems. born General.’ Clive’s brilliant leadership at Arcot
It is great help in the campaigns for social reform gave him an immense reputation in Europe. When
and to influence activities of the state. The first he went home in 1753, William Pitt the Elder
newspaper in India was the Bengal-Gazette started called him a “heaven-born general.” After running
in 1780. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar started Shome unsuccessfully for Parliament, Clive returned to
Prakash in 1890. India in 1755 as governor of Fort St. David and as
lieutenant colonel in the royal army.
142. (a) The tomb of Lord Cornwallis is located at
Ghazipur, a small town in the eastern part of Uttar 149. (c) Maharaja Ranjeet Singh had said “God
Pradesh approximately seventy kilometres east of intended me to look upon all religions with one eye,
Varanasi. It is well connected by road and railways that is why he took away the light from the other.”
with different parts of the country. Lord Cornwallis 150. (a) In 1787, Warren Hastings was impeached in
is known as a great administrator and a successful the Parliament by Edmund Burke and the Whigs for
commander-in-chief in the history of India during his administrative excess. Burke brought forward
British period. 22 charges against him. The most important of them
were related to the Rohilla War, the Case of Nanda
143. (d) Lord Ellenborough had abolished slavery in
Kumar, the treatment of Raja Chait Singh of Banaras
India. The Indian Slavery Act, 1843, also Act V and the pressures on the Begums of Oudh. After a
of 1843, was an act passed in British India under long trail which lasted till 1795, Warren Hastings
East India Company rule, which outlawed many was completely acquitted. He received pension
economic transactions associated with slavery. from the Company and lived till 1818.
151. (d) William Jones was founded the Asiatic Society India was passed on 28 September 1929 fixed the
of Bengal on 15 January 1784. It was started to age of marriage for girls at 14 years. It was a result
enhance the cause of Oriental research. It was of social reform movement in India. The legislation
presided over by Sir Robert Chambers, the Chief was passed by the British Indian Government.
Justice of the Supreme Court at the Fort William in 159. (c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered as the
Calcutta. prophet of Indian Nationalism. His influence
154. (b) Job Charnock was the founder of Calcutta. was apparent in the fields of politics, public
In March 1690, the Company received permission administration, and education, as well as religion.
from Aurangzeb in Delhi to re-establish a factory in He was described by Rabindranath Tagore as the
Bengal, and on 24 August 1690 Charnock returned “Father of Indian Renaissance” and the “Prophet of
to set up his headquarters in the place he called Indian Nationalism”.
Calcutta; the appointment of a new Nawab ensured 161. (d) Lord Dalhousie formulated and implemented
this agreement was honoured, and on 10 February the ‘Doctrine of Lapse.’ It was customary for a ruler
1691, an imperial grant was issued for the English without a natural heir to ask the British Government
to “contentedly continue their trade”. whether he could adopt a son to succeed him.
155. (b) Brahmo Samaj of Raja Ram Mohan Roy was According to Dalhousie, if such permission was
against child marriage. Inspite of this, Kehsav refused by the British, the state would “lapse” and
Chandra Sen his followers himself married his thereby become part of the British India. Dalhousie
daughter in childhood and paved the way for maintained that there was a difference in principle
disintegration of this institution. between the right to inherit private property and
156. (a) Radhakant Dev opposed the socio-religious the right to govern. This principle was called the
reforms and supported orthodoxy. Despite his Doctrine of Lapse.
contribution to the cause of educational improvement, 162. (c) Through the Charter Act of 1833, the
Radhakanta Dev was a strong upholder of social commercial activities of the East India Company
conservatism. He became the leader of a party of were finally put to an end. The Industrial Revolution
orthodox Hindus who were bitterly opposed to the in Britain, the consequent search for markets, and
liberal-minded Hindus like Ram Mohan Roy who the rise of laissez-faire economic ideology form the
advocated social and religious reforms. background to the Government of India Act 1833.
157. (b) Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja The Act removed the Company’s remaining trade
by Akbar II. He was the first educated Indian to sail monopolies and divested it of all its commercial
to England. At the time, Roy was an ambassador functions and renewed for another twenty years the
of the Mughal emperor Akbar II, who conferred on Company’s political and administrative authority.
him the title of Raja to lobby the British government 163. (b) Cornwallis code of 1793 separated civil
for the welfare of India and to ensure that the Lord administration from judicial administration. The
Bentick’s regulation banning the practice of Sati greatest work of Cornwallis was the purification
was not overturned. of the civil service by the employment of capable
158. (b) Sharada Act fixed the minimum age of and honest public servants. He aimed at economy,
marriage of girls and boys respectively as 14 and simplification and purity. Another major reform
18. Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 popularly that Cornwallis introduced was the separation of
kwown as the Sharda Act after its sponsor Rai Sahib the three branches of service, namely commercial,
Harbilas Sarda to the British India Legislature in judicial and revenue.
9
Indian Freedom
Struggle-I (1857–1917)
1. Who was the first Viceroy of India? 8. Who propagated ‘Jehad’ against the Britishers
(a) Lord Canning during the Rebellion of 1857?
(b) Warren Hastings (a) Maulvi Ahsanullah
(c) Lord William Bentinck (b) Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah
(d) Lord Curzon (c) Maulvi Barkal Ali
2. Who produced for the first time statistical (d) Maulvi Kudrat Ali
estimate of average per capita income of India? 9. The Scientific Society was founded by
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji (a) Wilton Oldham
(b) Ramesh Chandra Dutta
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(c) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
(d) Pherozshah Mehta
(d) Raja Shiv Prasad
3. Who was the first Indian to have written in an
Indian language on the causes of the Revolt of 10. Who was the propounder of the Drain Theory in
1857? India?
(a) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (a) R.C. Dutta (b) Henry Cotton
(b) V.D. Savarkar (c) S.N. Banerjee (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Syed Ahmed Khan 11. In whose viceroyalty, the white mutiny took
(d) None of these place?
4. Which one of the following books is the official (a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Minto
History of Revolt of 1857? (c) Lord Hardinge (d) Lord Ripon
(a) Theories of Indian Mutiny 12. Which of the Acts wrote an epitaph on the grave
(b) Eighteen Fifty Seven of the East India Company?
(c) The Sepoy Muting and the Revolt of 1857 (a) Act of 1858 (b) Act of 1861
(d) None of these (c) Act of 1892 (d) None of these
5. Who said, “Like summer gale revolt of Meerut 13. J.E.D. Bethune was closely associated with
was unprecedented and short-lived”? (a) Abolition of Pardah system
(a) S.N. Sen (b) R.C. Majumdar
(b) Female education
(c) S.B. Chaudhari (d) V.D. Savarkar
(c) Widow remarraige
6. Who wrote the book entitled ‘Ghulamgiri’?
(d) Abolition of slavery
(a) B.R. Ambedkar (b) Narayan Guru
(c) Jyotiba Phule (d) M.P. Pillai 14. Who was not associated with the Gaddar Party?
7. Which one of the following is known as Mother (a) Lala Hardayal
of Indian Revolutionaries? (b) Kartar Singh
(a) Annie Besant (b) Sarojini Naidu (c) Ganesh Vishnu Pingle
(c) Madam Cama (d) Usha Mehta (d) Shyamji Krishna Verma
A-132 || Indian Freedom Struggle-I (1857–1917)
15. Who among the following was not associated 24. Which one of the following places did Kunwar
with Prarthana Samaj? Singh, a prominent leader of the Revolt of 1857,
(a) Atmaram Pandurang belong to?
(b) R.G. Bhandarkar (a) U.P. (b) M.P.
(c) M.G. Ranade (c) Rajasthan (d) Bihar
(d) Devendra Nath Tagore 25. Who was the leader of Kanpur spear heading Revolt
16. Who influenced Mahadev Govind Ranade to of 1857?
establish Prathana Samaj in Bombay? (a) Birjis Quadir (b) Khan Bahadur
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy (c) Nana Saheb (d) Kunwar Singh
(b) Devendra Nath Tagore 26. The first Indian Factory Act was passed by
(a) Lord Ripon (b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Keshav Chandra Sen
(c) Lord Wellesley (d) Lord Curzon
(d) Tek Chand Mitra
27. Siddhu was associated with
17. The first official history of Indian National
(a) Santhal Rebellion (b) Sanyasi Rebellion
Congress was written by
(c) Munda Rebellion (d) Kol Rebellion
(a) Pattabhi Sitaramaya 28. Babu Kunwar Singh who took part in great leader
(b) B.N. Pande of Revolt of 1857 was Zamindar of
(c) Dr. R.C. Magumdar (a) Gorakhpur (b) Jagdishpur
(d) Dr. Tarachand (c) Rohilkhand (d) Raipur
18. The official historian of the movement of 1857 29. Who was the founder of Ram Krishna Mission?
was (a) Ram Krishna Paramahansa
(a) S.N. Sen (b) R.C. Majumdar (b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Dr. Tarachand (d) V.D. Savarkar (c) Swami Vivekanand
19. Which one of the following historians has written (d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
about the nature of the movement of 1857 that 30. Who among the following is known as ‘Martin
“It was neither first nor national nor a war of Luther’ of India?
Independence”? (a) Swami Vivekanand
(a) T.R. Holmes (b) R.C. Majumdar (b) Swami Shraddhanand
(c) S.B. Chudhari (d) G.B. Mallison (c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
20. Who was the founder of Seva Sadan in Bombay? (d) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(a) Shiva Narayan Agnihotri 31. Who among the following had founded the
(b) Baharamji Malabari Theosophical Society in the United States of
(c) R.G. Bhandarkar America?
(d) B.K. Jayakar (a) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
21. The Revolt of 1857 at Lucknow was led by (b) Lala Hardayal
(c) Madam Blavatsky
(a) Begum Hazarat Mahal
(d) Madam Bhikaji Cama
(b) Tantiya Tope
32. Vande Mataram the national song was a part of
(c) Rani Laxmi Bai
(a) Durgesh Nandini (b) Anand Math
(d) Nana Saheb (c) Grihadaha (d) Bhagvad-Gita
22. The Revolt of 1857 was witnessed by the poet 33. Which one among the following was not a
(a) Taqi Mir (b) Zauq demand of the Prarthana Samaj?
(c) Ghalib (d) Iqbal (a) Women education
23. Who was the Governor General of India during (b) Widow remarriage
the Sepoy mutiny? (c) Raising the age of marriage for boys and
(a) Lord Dalhousei (b) Lord Canning girls
(c) Lord Hardinge (d) Lord Lytton (d) Abolition of untouchability
History || A-133
34. The call of “Back to the Vedas” was given by 43. Who was the Viceroy of India at the time of the
(a) Swami Vivekanand formation of the Indian National Congress?
(b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati (a) Lord Canning (b) Lord Curzon
(c) Aurobindo Ghosh (c) Lord Dufferin (d) Lord Dalhausie
(d) Vishnu Shastri Pandit 44. Who was called “ Grand Old Man of India”?
35. Young Bengal Movement was started by (a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(a) Alexander Duft (b) Gopal Krishna Gokhle
(b) H.V. Derozio (c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Jonathan Duncan (d) Feroz Shah Mehta
(d) Swami Vivekanand 45. Who among the following was not present in the
36. Who among the following British persons founding session of Indian National Congress?
admitted the Revolt of 1857 as a national revolt? (a) Dadabai Naoroji
(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) G. Subramaniyam Iyer
(b) Lord Canning (c) Justice Ranade
(c) Lord Ellenborough (d) Surendranath Banerjee
(d) Disraelli 46. “ Poverty and the Un-British Rule in India” was
37. Which part of India was silent when Revolt of written by
1857 was spreading in India? (a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(a) South India (b) North India (b) Ramesh Chandra Dutta
(c) Central India (d) Western India (c) Gopal Krishna Gokhle
38. Satyartha Prakash was written by (d) Surendranath Banerjee
(a) Swami Shraddhanand 47. Who among the following had repealed the
(b) Swami Vivekanand Vernacular Press Act ?
(c) Swami Dayanand Sarswati (a) Lord Lytton
(d) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (b) Lord Ripon
39. Who of the following organized the East India (c) Lord Dufferin
association in London to mobilize public (d) Lord Lansdowne
(a) Ananda Mohan Bose 48. Lord Curzon is best known for which of the
(b) Bhikaji Cama following?
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji (a) Universities Act 1904
(d) Surendranath Banerjee (b) Partition of Bengal in 1905
40. In which one of the following cities, was the East (c) Indian Council Act 1892
India Association founded by Dadabhai Naoroji (d) Government of India Act 1909
in 1866? 49. King George V visited India during the viceroyship
(a) Paris (b) London of
(c) New York (d) Tokyo (a) Lord Hardinge (b) Lord Mayo
41. The word ‘Adivasi’ was used for the first time to (c) Lord Ripon (d) Lord Curzon
refer to the tribal people by 50. “My own belief is that congress is tottering and
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Thakkar Bappa one of my great ambitions is to assist it to peaceful
(c) Jyotiba Phule (d) B.R. Ambedkar death.” Who said it?
42. Who was the first Indian to become member of (a) Winston Churchill
the British Parliament? (b) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
(a) Badruddin Tyabji (b) W.C. Banerjee (c) Lord Curzon
(c) D.N. Wacha (d) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) Lord Dufferin
51. Who is rightly called the ‘Father of Local Self 60. The number of delegates who attended the first
Government’ in India? session of the Indian National Congress, held in
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Hardinge Bombay in 1885, was
(c) Lord Lytton (d) Lord Ripon (a) 72 (b) 304
52. Who was the Viceroy of India when the British (c) 556 (d) 1500
India’s capital was shifted from Calcutta to 61. Who said, “Swaraj is my birth right and I shall
Delhi? have it”?
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Hardinge (a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(c) Lord Dalhousie (d) Lord Dufferin (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
53. The 1909 Indian Council Act is also known as (c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(a) The Chelmsford Reforms (d) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) The Pitts India Act
62. Who was the biographer of A.O. Hume?
(c) The August offer
(a) V. Chirol (b) W. Wedderburn
(d) The Minto-Marley Reforms
(c) George Yule (d) None of these
54. Who among the followinig never became
President of Indian National Congress? 63. Among the following viceroys of India in whose
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak time, Indian Penal Code, Civil Procedure Code,
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Criminal Code were passed?
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose (a) Lord Canning (b) Lord Mayo
(d) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Lord Lytton (d) Lord Dufferin
55. Indian National Congress was founded by 64. Who established the first Women’s University of
(a) Womesh Chandra Banerjee India?
(b) Mahatma Gandhi (a) D.K. Karve (b) Annie Besant
(c) Allan Octavian Hume (c) Ramabai Ranade (d) Hirabai Tata
(d) Dadabhai Naoroji 65. Who among the following gave call to ‘one
56. Who was the founder of Indian Association of religion, one creed and one God’ for mankind?
Calcutta? (a) Jyotiba Phule (b) Vivekanand
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji (c) B.R. Ambedkar (d) Sri Narain Guru
(b) Womesh Chandra Banerjee 66. Who was the president of the provisional
(c) Surendranath Banerjee government formed in Kabul in 1915 by Indians?
(d) Feroz Shah Mehta (a) Anand Mohan Sahay
57. In which of the following movements, Vande (b) Ras Bihari Bose
Mataram was adopted slogan for agitation? (c) Shyamji Krishna Verma
(a) Revolt of 1857 (d) Mahendra Pratap
(b) Partition of Bengal in 1905 67. Devi Chaudharani patronised a historic movement
(c) Non-cooperation Movement in 1920 of Bengal. Find out the correct answer among the
(d) Quit India Movement in 1942 options given below:
58. Who was the founder of All India Muslim League?
(a) Weavers Movement
(a) Syed Ahmed Khan
(b) Sanyasi Movement
(b) Mohammad Iqbal
(c) Indigo Growers Movement
(c) Agha Khan
(d) Swadeshi Movement
(d) Nawab Salimullah Khan
59. Who founded Anushilan Samiti at Dhaka? 68. Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded
(a) Pulin Bihari Das (a) Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
(b) Pramath Nath Mitra (b) Bombay Presidency Association
(c) Swami Shraddhanand (c) Servants of India Society
(d) Barindra Kumar Ghosh (d) Land Holders Society
History || A-135
69. The system of separate electorates was introduced 79. Who characterised the policies of moderate
by the Act of leaders as the political mendicancy?
(a) 1813 (b) 1835 (a) Bipin Chandra Pal
(c) 1895 (d) 1909 (b) Aurobindo Ghosh
70. In which of the following years, the Vernacular (c) Lala Lajpat Rai
Press Act was Passed? (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(a) 1875 (b) 1878
80. In which of the following places, Hindu
(c) 1882 (d) 1884
Mahasabha was for the first time organised in
71. Rahnumai Mazdyasan Sabha is associated with
1915?
(a) Sikhs (b) Parsis
(a) Haridwar (b) Varanasi
(c) Sindhis (d) Muslims
72. In which of the following years, Enfield Rifle was (c) Allahabad (d) None of these
introduced in India? 81. The first President of Muslim league was
(a) 1852 (b) 1853 (a) Nawab Vakar-ul-Mulk
(c) 1854 (d) 1856 (b) Miyan Abdul Aziz
73. Where did Mangal Pandey for the first time learn (c) Hidayat Hussain Khan
from a Lashkar that cartridges to be used in (d) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Enfield Rifle were greased from the fat of cow 82. Who is known as the father of Muslim Renaissance
and pork? in Bengal?
(a) Calcutta (b) Barrackpur (a) Abdul Latif
(c) Dum Dum (d) Ambala (b) Mirza Ghulam Ahmed
74. Which one of the following had presided over (c) Muhammad Qasim
the Surat Session of Indian National Congress
(d) Rashid Ahmed Gangohi
1907?
83. Who was the President of Lucknow Session of
(a) Rash Bihari Bose
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale Indian National Congress (1916)?
(c) Feroz Shah Mehta (a) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
(d) Dadabhai Naoroji (b) Ambika Charan Majumdar
75. Who had chaired the Indian Education Commision (c) Madan Mohan Malaviya
in 1882? (d) Annie Besant
(a) Macaulay (b) Sadler 84. The policy of ‘Masterly Inactivity’ was associated
(c) W.W. Hunter (d) None of these with
76. Who called Bal Gangadhar Tilak “The Father of (a) Lord Wellesley (b) Lord Dalhousie
Indian Unrest”? (c) John Lawrence (d) Lord Curzon
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Vincent Smith 85. Who was the first Chief Justice of Supreme Court
(c) Valentine Chirol (d) Henry Cotton of Calcutta?
77. Who was the first Muslim President of Indian (a) Hyde (b) Elijah Impey
National Congress?
(c) Lemaistre (d) Monson
(a) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
86. In which of the following sessions of Indian
(b) Shaukat Ali
National Congress, the resolution of Swadeshi
(c) Badruddin Tyabji
was adopted?
(d) Muhammad Ali
78. Which viceroy is regarded as the catalyst of (a) Madras Session 1903
Indian nationalism? (b) Bombay Session 1904
(a) Lord Minto (b) Lord Dalhousie (c) Banaras Session 1905
(c) Lord Canning (d) Lord Curzon (d) Calcutta Session 1906
87. The first Secretary of Indian National Congress was 96. Who of the following termed the revolt of 1857 as
(a) Allan Octavian Hume Indian War of Independence for the first time?
(b) George Yule (a) Ramesh Chandra Majumdar
(c) Feroz Shah Mehta (b) V.D. Sawarkar
(d) William Wedderburn (c) Ishwari Prasad
88. ‘Abhinav Bharat’a secret society of revolutionaries (d) Tara Chand
was organised in 1904 by 97. Maulavi Liaqat Ali who played a significant role
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh (b) Bipin Chandra Pal during the freedom struggle of 1857 belonged to
(c) Rash Bihari Bose (d) V.D.Savarkar which of the following cities?
89. Who was the first President of Indian National (a) Bareilly (b) Faizabad
Congress? (c) Allahabad (d) Lucknow
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji 98. In which session of the Indian National Congress,
(b) William Wedderburn Vande Mataram was first sung?
(c) Allan Octavian Hume (a) 1886 (b) 1890
(d) W.C. Banerjee (c) 1896 (d) 1905
99. The capital of India was shifted from Calcutta to
90. During the tenure of which Governor General
Delhi in
was the ‘Ancient Monuments Preservation Act’
(a) 1910 (b) 1911
passed?
(c) 1912 (d) 1913
(a) Lord Minto (b) Lord Canning
100. Where did the Indian National Congress get
(c) Lord Curzon (d) Lord Linlithgo
divided into two wings moderates and extremists?
91. When did the Indian National Congress accept
(a) Surat Session 1907
the theory of Drain of Wealths?
(b) Lahor Session 1909
(a) In 1896 (b) In 1902 (c) Calcutta Session 1911
(c) In 1906 (d) In 1935 (d) Karachi Session 1913
92. Who among the following said, “India has to 101. Who compared Curzon’s administration in India
unite and conquer the whole world once again to that of Aurangzeb?
with its might”? (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(a) Swami Dayanand (b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(b) Ram Krishna Param Hansha (c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Swami Vivekanand (d) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Annie Besant 102. Who was the first to suggest the boycott of British
93. Which one of the following freedom fighters of goods in Bengal?
first war of independence of 1857 was conferred (a) Aurobindo Ghosh
the title of Mahak Pari? (b) Krishna Kumar Mitra
(a) Zeenat Mahal (b) Hazarat Mahal (c) Motilal Ghosh
(c) Lakshmi Bai (d) None of these (d) Satish Chandra Mukherji
94. Who had hoisted the national flag of India at the 103. The famous Lucknow Pact was signed between
International Socialist Congress held at Stuttgart? the Indian National Congress and the Muslim
(a) M.N. Roy League in
(b) V.D. Savarkar (a) 1912 (b) 1914
(c) S.C. Bose (c) 1916 (d) 1918
(d) Madam Bhikaji Cama 104. Annie Besant is mostly associated with
95. Who among the following is remembered for the (a) Civil Disobedience Movement
annulment of the Partition of Bengal? (b) Home Rule Movement
(a) Lord Chelmsford (b) Lord Hardings (c) Khilafat Movement
(c) Lord Minto (d) Lord Curzon (d) Non-cooperation Movement
History || A-137
105. Queen Victoria’s proclamation was read out by 114. Who brought about a compromise between
Lord Canning on 1st November 1858 at Muslim League and Congress in 1916?
(a) Allahabad (b) Calcutta (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Bombay (d) Madras (b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
106. In which one of the following languages was the (c) Annie Besant
first issue of journal Ghadar published? (d) Surendranath Banerjee
(a) Urdu (b) Hindi 115. Who among the following was not associated
(c) English (d) Marathi with the Home Rule Movement?
107. Shyamji Krishna Verma established Indian Home (a) C.R. Das
rule society in (b) S. Subramaniyam Iyer
(a) London (b) Paris (c) Annie Besant
(c) Berlin (d) San Francisco (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
108. During which of the following movements, Vande 116. The real name of which one of the following
Mataram became the theme song of the Indian leaders of 1857 was Ram Chandra Pandurang?
National Movement? (a) Kunwar Singh (b) Tantiya Tope
(a) Champaran Sataygrah (c) Nana Saheb (d) Mangal Panday
(b) Swadeshi Movement 117. The President of the Surat Session of Indian
(c) Anti-Rowlatt Act Agitation National Congress (1907) was
(d) Non-cooperation Movement (a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
109. The system of indirect election was introduced in
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
India in the year
(d) Ras Bihari Bose
(a) 1861 (b) 1892
118. Ganpati Festival in Maharashtra was started by
(c) 1909 (d) 1919
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
110. Who among the following led the agitation
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
against the partition of Bengal (1905)?
(c) Aurobindo Ghosh
(a) C.R. Das (d) Bipin Chandra Pal
(b) Ashutosh Mukherjee 119. The conspiracy to divide Bengal was aimed at
(c) Ravindra Nath Tagore (a) To weaken the National Freedom Movement
(d) Surendra Nath Banerjee (b) To break the Hindu-Muslim Unity
111. Who among the following had led the Swadeshi (c) To bring Hindu in minority in the new state
Movement in Delhi? (d) All of the above
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak 120. Who was the founder of Gadar Party?
(b) Lala Lajpat Rai (a) Lala Hansraj
(c) Ajeet Singh (b) Lala Hardayal
(d) Syed Haider Raza (c) Shamji Krishna Verma
112. Who among the following had started ‘Mitra (d) Ajeet Singh
Mela’ Association? 121. Under whose suggestion was ‘Bhartiya Rashtriya
(a) Shyamji Krishna Verma Sangh’ changed to ‘Bhartiya Rashtriya Congress’
(b) Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1885 AD?
(c) Lala Hardayal (a) Feroz Shah Mehta
(d) Sohan Singh Bakna (b) Kashinath Telang
113. Aurobindo Ghosh was defended in the Alipore (c) Dadabhai Naoroji
Bomb case by (d) W.C. Banerjee
(a) Bipin Chandra Pal 122. Who had ridiculed congress as representing only
(b) Moti Lal Nehru a microscopic minority of the people?
(c) Bhula Bhai Desai (a) Lord Ripon (b) Lord Curzon
(d) C.R. Das (c) Lord Wellesley (d) Lord Dufferin
ANSWER KEY
1. (a) 17. (a) 33. (d) 49. (a) 65. (d) 81. (a) 97. (c) 113. (d)
2. (a) 18. (a) 34. (b) 50. (c) 66. (d) 82. (d) 98. (c) 114. (a)
3. (c) 19. (b) 35. (b) 51. (d) 67. (b) 83. (b) 99. (c) 115. (a)
4. (b) 20. (b) 36. (d) 52. (b) 68. (c) 84. (c) 100. (a) 116. (b)
5. (a) 21. (a) 37. (a) 53. (d) 69. (d) 85. (b) 101. (b) 117. (d)
6. (c) 22. (c) 38. (a) 54. (a) 70. (b) 86. (d) 102. (b) 118. (a)
7. (c) 23. (b) 39. (c) 55. (c) 71. (b) 87. (a) 103. (c) 119. (d)
8. (b) 24. (d) 40. (b) 56. (c) 72. (d) 88. (d) 104. (b) 120. (b)
9. (c) 25. (c) 41. (b) 57. (b) 73. (c) 89. (d) 105. (a) 121. (c)
10. (d) 26. (a) 42. (d) 58. (d) 74. (a) 90. (c) 106. (a) 122. (d)
11. (d) 27. (a) 43. (c) 59. (d) 75. (c) 91. (a) 107. (a)
12. (a) 28. (b) 44. (a) 60. (a) 76. (c) 92. (c) 108. (b)
13. (b) 29. (c) 45. (d) 61. (b) 77. (c) 93. (a) 109. (b)
14. (d) 30. (d) 46. (a) 62. (b) 78. (d) 94. (d) 110. (d)
15. (d) 31. (c) 47. (b) 63. (a) 79. (d) 95. (b) 111. (d)
16. (c) 32. (a) 48. (b) 64. (a) 80. (a) 96. (b) 112. (b)
Hints & Solutions

1. (a) Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India. The Surendra Nath Sen, with a foreword by Abdul Kalam
title of viceroy was created in 1858 after the muting Azad. Published on May 1957 by the publication
of 1857. The office was created in 1773. division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,
2. (a) Dadabhai Naoroji produced the statistical Government of India.
estimate of average per capita income of India for 5. (a) The Revolt of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys
the first time. Drain Theory is attributed to Naoroji of the East India Company’s army on 10 May 1857,
because of his decision to estimate the net national in the town of Meerut. The Merrut 1857 uprising was
profit of India and the effect that colonization has on
described by Dr. Surendra Nath Sen “Like summer
the country.
gale revolt of Meerut was unprecedented and short-
3. (c) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first Indian to
lived”. In 1956, the Indian government commissioned
have written in an Indian language on the causes of
him to write a history of the Indian popular uprising
the Revolt of 1857. In 1859, Sir Syed published the
booklet Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-Hind (The Causes of of 1857–59; the work, entitled Eighteen Fifty-seven,
the Indian Revolt) in which he studied the causes of was published in 1957.
the Indian revolt. 6. (c) Jyotiba Phule’s works Sarvajanik Satyadharma
4. (b) The book Eighteen Fifty Seven is the official and Gulamgiri became sources of inspiration for the
history of revolt of 1857. Eighteen Fifty Seven common masses. Phule aimed at complete abolition
was written by well known Indian historian Dr. of caste system and the socio-economic inequalities.
History || A-139
7. (c) Madam Cama is known as Mother of Indian widow remarriage and uplifting of women and
revolutionaries. Bhikaji Cama is also known as depressed classes. Justice M.G. Ranade and R.G.
Madam Cama and is considered as the mother of Bhandarkar joined it in 1870.
Indian revolution because of her contributions to 16. (c) Keshav Chandra Sen influenced Mahadev
Indian freedom struggle. Madam Cama holds an Govind Ranade to establish Prarthana Samaj.
important place in the annals of Indian freedom 17. (a) The first official history of Indian National
movement. Her name symbolised courage, integrity Congress was written by Pattabhi Sitarammaya.
and perseverance. 18. (a) The official historian of the movement of 1857
8. (b) Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah of Faizabad was an was S.N. Sen.
outstanding leader of the revolt. He was a native of 19. (b) R.C. Majumdar has written about the nature of
Madras and had moved to Faizabad in the north where the movement of 1857 that “It was neither first nor
he fought a stiff battle against the British troops. national nor a war of independence.”
9. (c) The Scientific Society was founded by Sir Syed 20. (b) A Parsi social reformer Behramji M. Malabari,
Ahmed Khan. He founded the Scientific Society of founded the Seva Sadan in 1885. The organisation
Aligarh, the first scientific association of its kind in specialised in taking care of those women who were
India. Sir Syed assembled Muslim scholars from exploited and then discarded by society.
different parts of the country. The Society held 21. (a) Begum Hazarat Mahal took over the regiment
annual conferences, disbursed funds for educational Lucknow where the rebellion broke out on June 4,
causes and regularly published a journal on scientific 1857 and popular sympathy was overwhelmingly in
subjects in English and Urdu. favour of the deposed Nawab. Her son, Birjis Qadir,
10. (d) The early nationalists, led by Dadabhai Naoroji, was proclaimed the Nawab.
R.C. Dutt, Dinshaw Wacha and others, carefully, 22. (c) Ghalib was in Delhi when the uprising of
1857 was at its peak. He observed the revolutionary
analysed the political economy of British rule in
changes taking place during his lifetime.
India, and put forward the “Drain Theory” to explain
23. (b) Lord Canning was the Governor General of
British exploitation of India.
India during the Sepoy mutiny. Lord Canning had the
11. (d) In Lord Ripon viceroyalty, the white muting
unique opportunity to become the Governor-General
took place.
as well as the first Viceroy according to the Act of
12. (a) The Government of India Act 1858 was an
1858.
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It
24. (d) Kunwar Singh, a ruined and discontented
brought about fundamental changes in the character
Zamindar of Jagdishpur near Awadh, was the chief
of Indian administration which was transferred from organiser of the revolt in Bihar. He fought the British
the East India Company to the crown by the queen’s in Bihar.
proclamation of 1 Novemeber, 1858. 25. (c) At Kanpur, the revolt was led by Nana Saheb,
13. (b) The Bethune School, founded in Calcutta was the adopted son of Baji Rao II, the last Peshwa.
the first fruit of the powerful movement of women’s Nana Saheb expelled the English from Kanpur with
education that arose in the 1840s and 1850s. the help of the Sepoys and proclaimed himself the
14. (d) The Gaddar Party was an organisation founded Peshwa.
by Punjabi Indians in the United States and Canada. 26. (a) Lord Ripon introduced the Factory Act of
Lala Hardayal set up the ‘Gaddar Party in USA 1881 to improve the service condition of the factory
to organise revolutionary activities from outside workers in India. The Act banned the appointment
India. of children below the age of seven in factories. It
15. (d) The Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 in reduced the working hours for children. It made
Bombay by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang. It was a reform compulsory for all dangerous machines in the
movement within Hinduism and concentrated on factories to be properly fenced to ensure security to
social reforms like inter-dining, inter-marriage, the workers.
27. (a) The Santhals under Siddhu and Kanhu rose 38. (a) Dayanand’s views were published in his famous
up against their oppressors, declared the end of the work, Satyarth Prakash. Dayanand’s vision of India
company’s rule and asserted themselves independent included a classless and casteless society.
in 1854. 39. (c) Dadabhai Naoroji organised the East India
28. (b) Babu Kunwar Singh who took part in great association in London to mobilize public opinion for
leader of Revolt of 1857 was Zamindar of Jagdishpur. Indian welfare.
Kunwar Singh, a ruined and discontented Zamindar 40. (b) London was the city where the East India
of Jagdishpur near Awadh, was the chief organiser of Association founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866.
the revolt in Bihar. He fought the British in Bihar. 41. (b) Thakkar Bappa was an Indian social worker
29. (c) Swami Vivekananda, spread Ramakrishna’s who worked for upliftment of tribal people in Gujarat
message and tried to reconcile it to the needs of state in India. He became a member of the servants
contemporary Indian society. He founded Ramkrishna of India Society founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Mission for humanitarian relief and social work. in 1914.
30. (d) Dayanand Saraswati was called the ‘Martin 42. (d) Dadabhai Naoroji was known as the ‘Grand
Luther of Hinduism’. Dayanand’s vision of India old Man of India’. He is regarded as India’s
included a classless and casteless society, a united unofficial Ambassador in England. He was the first
Indian to become a member of the British House of
India and an India free from foreign rule, with Aryan
Commons.
religion being the common religion of all.
43. (c) Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India at
31. (c) A group of westerners led by Madam H.P.
the time of the formation of the Indian National
Blavatsky (1831–1891) and colonel M.S. Olcott, who
Congress.
were inspired by Indian thought and culture founded
44. (a) Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the Grand Old
the Theosophical Society in the United States in
Man, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader,
1875.
and an early Indian political and social leader.
32. (a) Vande Mataram the national song was a part of
45. (d) Surendra Nath Banerjee was not present in
Durgesh Nandini.
the founding session of Indian National Congress.
33. (d) There was a four-point social agenda propagated He founded the Indian National Association. After
by Prarthana Samaj. the founding of the Indian National Congress in
1. Disapproval of caste system 1885 in Bombay, Banerjee merged his organization
2. Women’s education with it owing to their common objectives and
3. Widow remarriage memberships.
4. Raising the age of marriage for both males 46. (a) Dadabhai Naoroji did the analysis of the colonial
and females economy and put forward the theory of economic
34. (b) Dayanand Saraswati gave the slogan “Back to drain in his book ‘Poverty and unbritish Rule in
the Vedas”. He took inspiration from the Vedas and India’.
considered them to be “India’s Rock of Ages”, the 47. (b) Lord Ripon was a staunch liberal democrat
infallible and the true original seed of Hinduism. with faith in self-government. He repealed the
35. (b) Henry Vivan Derorio was the founder of the Vernacular Press Act and earned much popularity
Young Bengal Movement. His followers were known among Indians.
as the Derozians. They attacked old traditions and 48. (b) Lord Curzon is best known for partition of
decadent customs. Bengal in 1905. The partition of Bengal into two
36. (d) Disraelli admitted the Revolt of 1857 as a provinces was effected on 4 July 1905. The new
national revolt. province of Eastern Bengal and Assam included
37. (a) South India was silent when revolt of 1857 was the whole of Assam and the Dacca, Rajshahi and
spreading in India. Chittagong divisions of Bengal with headquarters
History || A-141
at Dacca. Though Curzon justified his action on Dacca proposed the setting up of an organisation
administrative lines, partition divided the Hindus and to look after the Muslim interests. The proposal
Muslims in Bengal. was accepted. The All-India Muslim League was
49. (a) King George V visited India during the finally set up on December 30, 1906. Like the Indian
viceroyship of Lord Hardinge. National Congress, they conducted annual sessions
50. (c) Lord Curzen said, “ My own belief is that and put their demands to the British government.
congress is tottering and one of my great ambitions 59. (d) Barindra Kumar Ghosh founded Anushilam
is to assist it to peaceful death.” Samiti at Dhaka.
51. (d) Lord Ripon is rightly called the “ Father of Local 60. (a) The Indian National Congress was founded and
Self-Government” in India. Ripon believed that self- its first session was held at Bombay in 1885. W.C.
government is the highest and noblest principles of Banerjee was its first president. It was attended by 72
politics. Therefore, Ripon helped the growth of local delegates from all over India. Persons attending the
bodies like the Municipal Committees in towns and session belonged to different religious faiths. They
the local boards in Talukas and villages. discussed the problems of all the Indians irrespective
52. (b) Lord Hardinge was the Vicroy of India when of their religion, caste, language and regions.
the British India’s capital was shifted from Calcutta 61. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak attacked the British
to Delhi. through his weeklies, the Mahratta and the Kesari.
53. (d) With this reform, the number of elected members He was jailed twice by the British for his nationalist
in the Imperial Legislative Council and the Provincial activities and in 1908 deported to Mandalay for six
Legisla Time Councils was increased. years. He set up the Home Rule League in 1916 at
54. (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak never became President Poona and declared “Swaraj is my birth right and I
of Indian National Congress. Tilak joined the shall have it.”
Indian National Congress in 1890. He opposed its 62. (b) W. Wedderburn was the biographer of A.O.
moderate attitude, especially towards the fight for Hume.
self-government. He was supported by fellow Indian 63. (a) In the period of Lord Canning, Indian Penal
nationalists Bipin Chandra Pal in Bengal and Lala Code, Civil Procedure Code and Criminal Code were
Lajpat Rai in Punjab. They were referred to as the passed. The First Law Commission was established
Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate. in 1834 by the British Government under the
55. (c) Indian National Congress was founded by Allan Chairmanship of Lord Macaulay. It suggested various
Octavian Hume. Allan Octavian Hume, a retired civil enactments to the British Government, most of which
servant in the British Government took the initiative were passed and enacted and are still in force in India.
to form an all-India organization. Thus, the Indian Few of the most important recommendations made
National Congress was founded and its first session by this First Law Commission were those on, Indian
was held at Bombay in 1885. W.C. Banerjee was its Penal Code (first submitted in 1837 but enacted in
first president. 1860 and still in force), Criminal Procedure Code
56. (c) Surendra Nath Banerjee was the founder of (enacted in 1898, repealed and succeeded by the
Indian Association of Calcutta. Criminal Procedure Code of 1973), etc.
57. (b) October 16, 1905, the day the partition formally 64. (a) D.K. Karve established the first women’s
came into force, was observed as a day of mourning university in India. After reading about the Japan
throughout Bengal. People fasted, bathed in the Women’s University, Karve was inspired to set up
Ganga and walked barefoot in processions singing the first women university in India in Pune in the
Bande Mataram which became the theme song of the year 1916. The University started with just five
movement. students. The University expanded rapidly when in
58. (d) Nawab Salimullah Khan was the founder of 1920 an industrialist and philanthropist, Sir Vithaldas
All India Muslim League. Nawab Salimullah of Thackersey, donated 1.5 million rupees.
65. (d) Sri Narayan Guru in Kerala led a lifelong 73. (c) In Dum Dum, for the first time, Mangal Pandey
struggle against upper caste domination. He coined learned from a Lashkar that cartridges to be used in
the slogan “One religion, one caste, one God for Enfield Rifle were greased from the fat of cow and
mankind”. pork.
66. (d) The provisional Government of India was 74. (a) Rash Bihari Ghosh had presided over Surat
a provisional government-in-exile established in Session of Indian National Congress 1907. The 23rd
session of the Congress was held at Surat. It was very
Kabul, Afghanistan on December 1, 1915 by Muslim
important from historical point of view. There was an
Indian nationalists during World War I with support
open clash between the moderates and the extremists
from the Central Powers. The provisional government and ultimately it led to a split in the Congress.
was composed of Mahendra Pratap as President and 75. (c) In 1882, the Government appointed a
Maulana Barkatullah as Prime Minister. commission under the chairmanship of W.W. Hunter
67. (b) Devi Chaudharani patronised the historic to review the progress of education in the country
Sanyasi Movement of Bengal. since the Despatch of 1854. The Hunter Commission
68. (c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded Servants of mostly confined its recommendations to primary and
India Society in Pune, Maharashtra, on June 12, secondary education.
who left the Deccan Education Society to form this 76. (c) The man who really blazed the trial of extremism
association. Along with him were a small group of in India was Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who has been
educated Indians, as Natesh Appaji Dravid, Gopal called the “Father of Indian Unrest” by Valentine
Krishna Deodhar and Anant Patwardhan who wanted Chirol.
77. (c) Badruddin Tyabji was the first Muslim president
to promote social and human development and
of Indian National Congress. He was an Indian
overthrow the British rule in India.
lawyer who served as the third president of the Indian
69. (d) The system of separate electorates was National Congress. He was considered among the
introduced by the Act of 1909. Indian Council Act of moderate Muslims during the freedom movement
1909, popularly known as Morley-Minto reforms was of India. He along with Pherozshah Mehta, K.T.
the first true attempt at introducing a representative Telang and others formed the Bombay Presidency
and popular element in India. The seats of the Association in 1885.
Councils were to be filled in by elections. The Act 78. (d) The Viceroy, Lord Curzon is regarded as the
provided for separate or special electorates for due catalyst of Indian Nationalism.
representation of the different communities, classes 79. (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak characterised the policies
and interests. of moderate leaders as the political mendicancy.
70. (b) In 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed. Tilak joined the Indian National Congress in 1890.
This Act empowered a magistrate to secure an He opposed its moderate attitude, especially towards
the fight for self-government. He was one of the
undertaking from the editor, publisher and printer
most-eminent radicals at the time.
of a vernacular newspaper that nothing would be
80. (a) In Haridwar, the Hindu Mahasabha was for
published against the English Government. the first time, organised in 1915. Hindu Mahasabha
71. (b) The Rahnumai Mardyasan Sabha was founded was founded in 1915 by Madan Mohan Malviya. It
in 1851 by a group of English educated Parsis for the worked with Arya Samaj and other Hindu communal
“regeneration of the social conditions of the Parsis organizations. It was directly linked with Rashtriya
and the restoration of the Zoroastrian religion to its Swam Sevak Sangh founded in 1925 at Nagpur by
pristine purity”. K.B. Hegewar. The first All India Hindu Mahasabha
72. (d) In 1856, Enfield Rifle was introduced in India. Conference was organized at Hardwar in 1915.
The 1857 revolt was sparked off by the episode of the The Sabha became more aggressive after 1929 and
greased cartridges. The new Enfield Rifle had been started propagating Hindu Rashtra which was totally
introduced for the first time in the Indian army. different from Gandhiji’s Ram Rajya.
History || A-143
81. (a) The first president of Muslim league was A.O. Hume. It has been suggested that the idea was
Nawab Vakar-ul-Mulk. Muslim League, a political originally conceived in a private meeting of seventeen
organization of India and Pakistan, founded in 1906 men after a Theosophical Convention held at Madras
as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. in December 1884. Hume took the initiative, and it
Its original purpose was to safeguard the political was in March 1885 that the first notice was issued
rights of Muslims in India. Nawab Mushtaq Husain convening the first Indian National Union to meet at
Vakar-ul-Mulk, also known as Mushtaq Hussain, Poona the following December.
was a Muslim politician and one of the founders of 88. (d) ‘Abhinav Bharat’ a secret society of revolutionaries
All India Muslim League. He is also known for his was organised in 1904 by V.D. Savarkar. Abhinav
involvement in the Aligarh Movement. Bharat Society (Young India Society) was a secret
82. (d) Nawab Abdul Latif Khan: (1828–1893) a society founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in
prominent personality of mid-19th century Bengal, 1904. Initially founded at Nasik while still a student
the pioneer of Muslim modernization and the of Fergusson College at Pune, the society developed
architect of the Muslim Renaissance, was one of from an organisation called Mitra Mela.
those great men who appeared as saviours of their 89. (d) W. C. Banerjee in his presidential address
frustrated, humiliated, demoralized and disorganised outlined the following objectives: promotion of
fellow countrymen under colonial rule. His chief friendship among all those working for the cause
contribution was in the field of education. He was of the country; development and consolidation of
among the first to understand that young Bengali the feeling of national unity irrespective of race
Muslims should receive modern education. He or creed; formulation and presentation of the
understood that the Muslims of Bengal had fallen people’s grievances before the government and the
behind in everything because of their prejudices mobilisation of public opinion.
against modern education. He devoted his whole life 90. (c) The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act was
to removing this self-destructive prejudice from their
passed during the tenure of Lord Curzon on 18, March
minds.
1904. It is expedient to provide for the preservation
83. (b) Ambika Charan Majumdar was the President
of ancient monuments, for the exercise of control
of Lucknow Session of Indian National Congress
over traffic in antiquities and over excavation in
(1916).
certain places, and for the protection and acquisition
84. (c) The policy of Masterly Inactivity was associated
in certain cases of ancient monuments and of objects
with John Lawrance.
of archaeological, historical or artistic interest. Act
85. (b) Elijah Impey was the first chief justice of
preserves and restores ancient Indian monuments by
Supreme Court of Calcutta.
Archaeological Survey of India.
86. (d) The resolution of Swadeshi was adopted in the
91. (a) In 1867, Dadabhai Naoroji put forward the
Calcutta Session, 1906 of Indian National Congress.
famous ‘Drain Theory’. In 1896, in its annual session
The Swadeshi Movement involved programmes like
held at Calcutta, the Indian National Congress
the boycott of government service, courts, schools
adopted the Drain Theory by proclaiming that the
and colleges and of foreign goods, promotion of
famines in the country and poverty of the people
Swadeshi goods, promotion of national education
through the establishment of national schools had been brought on by the drain of wealth from the
and colleges. It was both a political and economic country.
movement. 92. (c) Swami Vivekanand said, “ India has to unite and
87. (a) The first secretary of Indian National Congress conquer the whole world once again with its might.”
was Allan Octavian Hume. The Congress was 93. (a) Zeenat Mahal the freedom fighter of first war
founded by Indian and British members of the of independence of 1857 was conferred the title of
Theosophical Society movement, most notably ‘Mahak Pari.’
94. (d) On 22 August 1907, Cama attended the the August 7 meeting, the famous Boycott resolution
International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, was passed. Boycott was first suggested by Krishan
Germany, where she described the devastating effects Kumar Mitra in Sanjivani in 1905.
of a famine that had struck the Indian subcontinent. 103. (c) During the 1916 Congress session at Lucknow,
In her appeal for human rights, equality and for two major events occurred. The divided Congress
autonomy from Great Britain, she unfurled what she became united. An understanding for joint action
called the “Flag of Indian Independence”. against the British was reached between the Congress
95. (b) Lord Harding is remembered for the annulment and the Muslim League and it was called the
of the partition of Bengal. Lord Harding, who Lucknow Pact. The signing of the Lucknow Pact by
succeeded Lord Minto, finally announced the the Congress and the Muslim League in 1916 marked
annulment of the partition of Bengal in December an important step in the Hindu-Muslim unity.
1911. Formal reunification of the Bengal was effected 104. (b) Annie Besant the Irish theosophist based in
on April 1912 and Lord Carmichael was appointed India since 1896, had decided to enlarge the sphere of
as the first Governor of the reunited Bengal. her activities to include the building of a movement
96. (b) It was at the beginning of the twentieth for Home Rule on the lines of the Irish Home Rule
century that the 1857 revolt came to be interpreted Leagues.
as a “planned war of national independence”, by 105. (a) Queen Victoria’s proclamation was read out by
Lord Canning on 1st November 1858 at Allahabad.
V.D. Savarkar in his book, First War of Indian
106. (a) The first issue of Journal Ghadar was published
Independence.
in Urdu language.
97. (c) Maulvi Liaquat Ali was a Muslim religious
107. (a) Shyamji Krishna Verma established Indian
leader from Allahabad. He was one of the leaders in
Home rule society in London. The Indian Home Rule
the revolt of 1857 against the British, what is now
Society (IHRS) was an Indian organisation founded
known as the Indian Mutiny, or the Sepoy Mutiny.
in London in 1905 that sought to promote the cause
98. (c) In 1896 in the Calcutta Session of the Indian
of self-rule in British India. The organisation was
National Congress, Vande Mataram was first sung.
founded by Shyamji Krishna Varma, with support
99. (c) In 1911, when King George V was crowned in from a number of prominent Indian nationalists in
England, a Durbar was held in Delhi to celebrate Britain at the time, including Bhikaji Cama, Dadabhai
the occasion. The decision to shift the capital of Naoroji and S.R. Rana.
India from Calcutta to Delhi was announced at this 108. (b) During Swadeshi Movement Vande Mataram
Durbar. became the theme song of the Indian National
100. (a) The extrimists wanted a strong resolution Movement. “Vande Mataram” was the national
supporting their programme at the Benaras session. cry for freedom during the Indian independence
The moderates, on the other hand were not in favour movement. Large rallies, fermenting initially in
of extending the movement beyond Bengal and were Bengal, in the major metropolis of Calcutta, would
totally opposed to boycott of councils and similar work themselves up into a patriotic fervour by
associations. shouting the slogan “Vande Mataram”, or “Hail to
101. (b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale compared Curzon’s the Mother(land)!”
administratin in India to that of Aurangzeb. 109. (b) The system of indirect election was introduced
102. (b) Krishna Kumar Mitra was the first to suggest in India in the year 1892. The Indian Councils Act
the boycott of British goods in Bengal. The Swadeshi 1892 was an Act of the Parliament of the United
Movement had its genesis in the antipartition Kingdom that authorized an increase in the size of
movement which was started to oppose the British the various legislative councils in British India.
decision to partition Bengal. The formal proclamation 110. (d) Surendranath was one of the most important
of the Swadeshi movement was made on August 7, public leaders who protested the partition of the
1905 at a meeting held at the Calcutta Town hall. At Bengal province in 1905.
History || A-145
111. (d) Syed Haider Raza had led the Swadeshi Movement 115. (a) The Indian Home Rule leagues were organised
in Delhi. on the lines of the Irish Home Rule leagues and
112. (b) Vinayak Damodar Savarkar had founded the they represented the emergence of a new trend of
society called Mitra Mela (Friends’ Group) which aggressive politics. Annie Basant and Tilak proved
later became Abhinav Bharat (Young India Society)
to be the pioneers of this new trend.
on the model of the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe
116. (b) The real name of Tantiya Tope the leader of
Mazzini’s ‘Young Italy’.
113. (d) When Bengal was partitioned, it sparked an 1857 was Ram Chandra Pandurang Tope. He was
outburst of public anger against the British. The an Indian Maratha leader in the Indian Rebellion of
anger led to civil unrest and a nationalist campaign 1857 and one of its more renowned generals. He was
was carried out by groups of revolutionaries, led by a personal adherent of Nana Saheb of Bithur.
Aurobindo Ghosh, Rasbihari Bose and Bagha Jatin 117. (d) The President of the Surat session of Indian
and organized into groups like Yugantar. The British National Congress (1907) was Ras Bihari Ghose.
cracked down hard on the activists and the conflict 118. (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak used religious or Hiodoxy
came to a head on April 30, 1908 when Khudiram
as a method of mass contact through his alignment
Bose and Prafulla Chaki attempted to kill Magistrate
against reformers on the age of Consent Bill in 1891
Kingsford. Aurobindo Ghosh was also arrested on
charges of planning and overseeing the attack and followed by the organisation of the Ganapati festival
imprisoned in solitary confinement in Alipore Jail. from 1894 and the development of a patriotic-cum-
The trial continued for a year (1908–1909), and historical culture as a central symbol of nationalism,
Bose was found guilty and later hanged. Aurobindo through the Shivaji festivals form 1896 onwards.
Ghosh, however, was defended by the young lawyer 119. (d) All the above given aspects were aimed at the
Chittaranjan Das, who concluded his defence. conspiracy to divide Bengal.
114. (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak brought about a compromise 120. (b) Lala Hardayal was the founder of Gaddar Party.
between Muslim league and Congress in 1916. Two 121. (c) Bhartiya Rashtriya Sangh, was changed to
Home Rule Leagues were established, one by B.G.
‘Bhartiya Rashtriya Congress’ in 1885 under the
Tilak at Poona in April 1916 and the other by Mrs.
suggestion of Dadabhai Naoroji.
Annie Besant at Madras in September 1916. The two
leagues cooperated with each other as well with the 122. (d) Lord Dufferin had ridiculed congress as
Congress and the Muslim League in putting their representing only a microscopic minority of the
demand for home rule. people.
A-146 || Indian Freedom Struggle-II (1917-1947)
10 Indian Freedom
Struggle-II (1917–1947)
1. After returning from South Africa, Gandhiji 7. Where did Subhash Chandra Bose set up the
launched his first successful Satyagraha in ‘Azad Hind Fauz’ and Azad Hind Government?
(a) Champaran (b) Chauri Chaura (a) Burma (b) Japan
(c) Bardoli (d) Dandi (c) Malaya (d) Singapore
2. The only session of the Indian National Congress
8. Direct Action Day was observed by Muslim
which was presided over by Mahatma Gandhi
was League on
(a) Amravati (b) Belgaum (a) 15th August 1946 (b) 16th August 1946
(c) Karachi (d) Nagpur (c) 17th August 1946 (d) 18th August 1946
3. The first mass movement started by Mahatma 9. Where was Mahatma Gandhi when the Cabinet
Gandhi was Mission arrived in India?
(a) Non-cooperation Movement (a) Urulikanchan (b) Poona
(b) Salt Movement (c) Hyderabad (d) Bardoli
(c) Quit India Movement 10. The title of the autobiography of Subhas Chandra
(d) Indigo Movement
Bose is
4. In which of the following sessions of the Indian
(a) Autobiography of an unknown Indian
National Congress, did Mohan Das Karamchand
Gandhi participate for the first time? (b) Autobiography of a Revolutionary
(a) Calcutta Session 1901 (c) Autobiography of an Indian Pilgrim
(b) Banaras Session 1905 (d) Autobiography of an Indian Soldier
(c) Surat Session 1907 11. Who was the architect of Communal Award?
(d) Lucknow Session 1916 (a) Lord Linlithgow (b) Lord Reading
5. In which of the following movements, did (c) Lord Irwin (d) Ramsay Macdonald
Mahatma Gandhi make the first use of hunger 12. Where was the ‘Jatiya Sarkar’ formed during the
strike as a weapon? Quit India Movement?
(a) Non-cooperation Movement (a) Ballia (b) Nagpur
(b) Rowlatt Satyagraha (c) Satara (d) Tamluk
(c) Ahmedabad Strike
13. Vinoba Bhave was chosen as the first Satyagrahi
(d) Bardoli Satyagraha
of the individual Satyagraha. Who was the
6. Who among the following ladies was the first
President of Indian National Congress? second?
(a) Aruna Asaf Ali (a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(b) Annie Besant (b) Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru
(c) Sarojini Naidu (c) C. Rajgopalachari
(d) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
History || A-147
14. Which one of the following had supported the 21. Who of the following had called Subhash
Non-cooperation Resolution of Mahatama Chandra Bose as ‘Desh Nayak’?
Gandhi in the special session of the Indian (a) Mahatma Gandhi
National Congress at Calcutta in 1920? (b) Ram Manohar Lohia
(a) C.R. Das (c) Ravindranath Tagore
(b) B.C. Pal (d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) Madan Mohan Malviya 22. The national leader who was elected President
(d) Moti Lal Nehru (Speaker) of the Central Legislative Assembly in
15. In which of the following sessions of Indian 1925 was
National Congress, Mahatma Gandhi had said, (a) Motilal Nehru (b) C.R. Das
“Gandhi may die but Gandhism will remain (c) Vallabhbhai Patel (d) Vitthalbhai Patel
forever”? 23. A Provisional Government of India with Raja
(a) Calcutta Session 1928 Mahendra Pratap as its president was established
(b) Lahore Session 1929 during the First World War in
(c) Karachi Session 1931 (a) Afghanistan (b) Germany
(d) Ramgarh Session 1940 (c) Singapore (d) Turkey
16. Where was the Hindustan Socialist Republican
24. Who out of the following had told “ Destruction
Association founded in 1928?
is the best method of dealing with the foreign
(a) Kanpur (b) Delhi
clothes”?
(c) Allahabad (d) Lahore
(a) Ravindranath Tagore
17. Who addressed Gandhiji as the “Father of the
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
Nation” for the first time?
(c) Chittaranjan Das
(a) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose
(b) Rabindranath Tagore
25. Where was Mahatma Gandhi when a raid was
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
made by Congress Volunteers on Dharsana Salt
(d) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Depot?
18. Jiatrang Movement started in
(a) In Yervada Jail
(a) Nagaland (b) Tripura
(b) In Sabarmati Jail
(c) Manipur (d) Mijoram
19. Who of the following presided over the session (c) In Agha Khan Palace Poona
of Indian National Congress when resolution of (d) In Ahmadanagar Fort Jail
Poorna Swaraj was passed? 26. Which one of the following had seconded the
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji ‘Quit India Resolution’ of 1942?
(b) Jawahar Lal Nehru (a) A. K. Azad
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (b) Rajendra Prasad
(d) Surendranath Banerjee (c) Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel
20. Aruna Asaf Ali was connected with which one of (d) Jawahar Lal Nehru
the following movements as a woman organiser 27. Who is the author of the book entitled ‘A Nation
of underground activity? in the Making’?
(a) Civil Disobedience Movement (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Non-cooperation Movement (b) Surendranath Banerjee
(c) Quit India Movement (c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(d) Swadeshi Movement (d) Subhas Chandra Bose
28. Who was the leader of the ‘Red Shirt Party’? 35. Who among the following female revolutionary
(a) Mahatma Gandhi fired at the English Governor (Chancellor) while
(b) Maulana Azad receiving her degree at the convocation?
(c) Jawahar Lal Nehru (a) Shanti Ghosh (b) Suniti Chaudhary
(d) Abdul Gaffar Khan (c) Bina Das (d) Kalpana Dutta
29. Who was the founder of the Swaraj Party? 36. 1929 Lahore Session of the Indian National
(a) Mahatama Gandhi Congress was presided over by
(b) Jawahar Lal Nehru (a) Moti Lal Nehru
(c) Chittaranjan Das (b) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (c) C.R. Das
30. Who among the following was the one to have (d) Vallabhbhai Patel
escaped being hanged in the Kakori conspiracy 37. In which of the following sessions of the Indian
case? National Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose had
(a) Ashfaqullah Khan defeated Pattabhi Sitaramayya in the election of
(b) Rajendra Lahiri the Congress President?
(c) Ram Prasad Bismil (a) Haripura Session 1938
(d) Chandra Shekhar Azad (b) Tripura Session 1939
31. Who among the following attended all the three (c) Madras Session 1927
Round Table Conferences? (d) Lahore Session 1929
(a) Mahatma Gandhi 38. The freedom fighter who died in jail due to
(b) Bhimrao Ambedkar hunger strike was
(c) Vallabhbhai Patel (a) Ram Prasad Bismil
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Bipin Chandra Pal
32. Who among the following leaders escaped from (c) Jatin Das
the prison and organised underground activities (d) C.R. Das
during the Quit India Movement? 39. Who of the following was not amongst the
(a) J.B. Kriplani lawyers to fight the case of Indian National Army
(b) Ram Manohar Lohia in 1946 in the Delhi Red Fort trial?
(c) Achyut Patwardhan (a) Bhulabhai Desai
(d) Jayaprakash Narayan (b) Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru
33. The Statement, “ I am a socialist and a republican (c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
and do not believe in Kings and Princes”, is (d) Dr. Kailash Nath Katju
associated with 40. Name the first recorded Muslim revolutionary
(a) Narendra Dev who was hanged for India’s independence?
(b) Achyut Patwardhan (a) Mohammad Ali
(c) Jayaprakash Narayan (b) Shaukat Ali
(d) Jawahar Lal Nehru (c) Ashfaque-ullah-Khan
34. Who among the following had moved the Non- (d) Azizuddin
cooperation resolution in the Nagpur session of 41. Which one of the following revolutionaries is not
the Indian National Congress in 1920? associated with Kakori Conspiracy Case?
(a) C.R. Das (a) Ram Prasad Bismil
(b) Jawahar Lal Nehru (b) Ashfaque-ullah-Khan
(c) Moti Lal Nehru (c) Roshan Singh
(d) Bipin Chandra Pal (d) Bhagat Singh
History || A-149
42. The province where Indian National Congress 49. Which portfolio was held by Rajendra Prasad in
did not form Ministry after the general election the interim government formed in 1946?
of 1937 was (a) External Affairs
(a) Odisha (b) Bihar (b) Defence
(c) Madras (d) Bengal (c) Food and Agriculture
43. In which of the following jails, the book (d) None of these
“Discovery of India” was written by Jawahar Lal 50. Who among the following presided over the
Nehru? Karachi session of the Indian National Congress?
(a) Ahmadnagar Fort Jail (a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(b) Alipur Central Jail (b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Yervada Jail (c) J.M. Sengupta
(d) Deoli Camp Jail (d) Vallabhbhai Patel
44. The person who on April 4, 1919 delivered a 51. Who amongst the following made regular
speech on Hindu-Muslim Unity from the pulpit broadcast on Congress radio operated during
of Jama Masjid in Delhi was Quit India Movement?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (a) Jay Prakash Narayan
(b) Mohammad Ali (b) Subhas Chandra Bose
(c) Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya (c) Ram Manohar Lohia
(d) Swami Shradhanand (d) Sucheta Kriplani
52. Who said, ‘Imperialism is dead as dodo’ ?
45. The person who returned his token of honour to
(a) Ramje Macdonald (b) Winston Churchill
Government of India on May 30, 1919 was
(c) Clement Attlee (d) Lord Wavell
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
53. Kakori conspiracy case took place in the year
(b) Tej Bahadur Sapru
(a) 1920 (b) 1925
(c) Ravindranath Tagore
(c) 1930 (d) 1935
(d) Jamna Lal Bajaj
54. Which one of the following was directly related
46. The title given by the British Government to
to the Poona Pact of 1932?
Mahatma Gandhi and which was surrendered
(a) Indian women
during the Non-cooperation Movement was
(b) Indian labour class
(a) Hind Kesari (b) Kaiser-e-Hind
(c) Indian farmers
(c) Rai Bahadur (d) Rt. Honourable
(d) Indian depressed class
47. Which of the following came to India after the
55. Subhas Chandra Bose had founded ‘Forward
Second World War in 1946? Block’ in the year
(a) Cripps Mission (a) 1936 AD (b) 1937 AD
(b) Cabinet Mission (c) 1938 AD (d) 1939 AD
(c) Wavell Plan 56. Tinkathia system in Champaran meant
(d) Simon Commission (a) Cultivation of Indigo on the 3/20 area of
48. Which of the following parties did not support land.
Quit India Movement? (b) Cultivation of Indigo on the 3/19 area of
(a) The Hindu Mahasabha land.
(b) The Communist Party of India (c) Cultivation of Indigo on the 3/18 area of
(c) The Unionist Party of Punjab land.
(d) All the above (d) None of these
57. Lahore Session of Muslim League (1940) was 64. The statement, “On bended knees I asked for
presided over by bread and received stone instead”, is associated
(a) Liaqat Ali Khan with
(b) Chaudhary Khaliquzzaman (a) Khilafat Movement
(c) Mohammad Ali Jinnah (b) Non-cooperation Movement
(d) Fatima Jinnah (c) Dandi March
58. Which one of the following had led the defense (d) Quit India Movement
pleaders in the famous Indian National Army 65. Which one of the following had drafted the Quit
trial in the Red Fort of Delhi India Resolution
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru (a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Asaf Ali (b) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(c) Sir Tej Bahadur Saprau (c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Bhulabhai Desai (d) Acharya Narendra Deo
59. Who was the Chairman of the National Planning 66. The party which observed the ‘Black Day’ on 3
Committee set up by the Indian National July, 1947 against partition of India was
Congress in 1938? (a) Indian National Congress
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru (b) Forward Bloc
(b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (c) Hindu Mahasabha
(c) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (d) Communist Party of India
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose 67. In which of the following session of Muslim
60. Who among the following was the Railway League “Two-Nation Theory” was propounded?
Minister during the Interim Government (1946)? (a) Lahore Session, 1940
(a) Baldev Singh (b) T.T. Chundrigar (b) Bombay Session, 1915
(c) Asaf Ali (d) Abdul Rab Nistar (c) Delhi Session, 1918
61. Which one of the following had drafted the
(d) Calcutta Session, 1917
fundamental rights resolution at the Karachi
68. Who among the following had read the English
Session, 1931?
version of Presidential address in Tripura session
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
of Indian National Congress, 1939?
(b) Acharya Narendra Deo
(a) Acharya Narendra Deo
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(b) Sarat Chandra Bose
(d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
62. Which operation was started by the British
(d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Government to arrest the leaders of Quit India
69. Which one of the following leaders was not a part
Movement?
of Non-cooperation Movement?
(a) Operation Reander Paste
(b) Operation Zero Hour (a) M.A. Ansari
(c) Operation Thunderbolt (b) M.A. Jinnah
(d) Operation Blue Star (c) Abul Kalam Azad
63. Which one of the following Bengali writers (d) Hakim Ajamal Khan
was the first to suggest the adoption of Hindi as 70. Who hailed Gandhi’s call for ‘Quit India’ as an
India’s national language ? ‘Epic Movement’?
(a) Dinbandhu Mitra (a) Ram Manohar Lohia
(b) Madhusudan Datta (b) Jai Prakash Narayan
(c) Kali Prasanna Sinha (c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Bhudeva Mukherjee (d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
History || A-151
71. Who was the President of the Flag Committee? 79. Which one of the following was elected as the
(a) B.R. Ambedkar (b) J.B. Kripalani President of Indian National Congress after the
(c) K.M. Munshi (d) D.P. Khetan resignation of Subhash Chandra Bose?
72. Which one of the following books is associated (a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
with rise of National Movement in India? (b) Pattabhi Sitaramayya
(a) Gitanjali (c) Sarojini Naidu
(b) Anand Math (d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Satyagrah Prakash
80. Who was the founder president of ‘Harijan Sevak
(d) Gita Rahasya
Sangh’?
73. Who was the man to propose a separate state for
(a) Mahadev Desai
the Muslims of India for the first time?
(a) Rahmat Ali (b) Ghanshyam Das Birla
(b) Fazlul Haque (c) B.R. Ambedkar
(c) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (d) Amritlal Thakkar
(d) Mohammad Iqbal 81. Who among the following was not member of
74. Which movement inspired Sardar Vallabhbhai Moti Lal Nehru Committee?
Patel to become a follower of Gandhiji? (a) Subhash Chandra Bose
(a) Kheda (b) Champaran (b) G.R. Pradhan
(c) Salt (d) Khadi (c) Sir Ali Imam
75. On which of the following fleet, the naval revolt (d) Aurobindo Ghosh
of 1946 was started? 82. Who said “Cripps proposals were a post-dated
(a) I.N.S. Virat cheque of a crashing bank”?
(b) I.N.S. Crown (a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(c) I.N.S. Talwar
(b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) None of these
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
76. On 23 January 1948, who said about Subhas
Chandra Bose, “ We should emulate him. Subhash (d) M.A. Jinnah
was a great patriot. He laid down his life for the 83. Who among the following was not a member of
country. He has no use for parochialism or caste the Cabinet Mission Plan?
distinction. He treated all alike”? (a) Lord Pathic Lawrence
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru (b) A.V. Alexander
(b) Jay Prakash Narayan (c) Sir Stafford Cripps
(c) Mahatma Gandhi (d) Lord Emery
(d) Bhulabhai Desai 84. Who was the Commander-in-Chief of INA before
77. An article ‘Why I am an Atheist’ was written by Subhash Chandra Bose?
(a) Bhagat Singh (a) Gyani Pritam Singh
(b) B.K. Dutt (b) Captain Mohan Singh
(c) Bhagavati Charan Vohra (c) Major Fuzihara
(d) Yashpal
(d) Captin Suraj Mal
78. Who was the President of Congress when
85. The Constituent Assembly of India started
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India
functioning from
Movement in 1942?
(a) 9th December 1946
(b) 1st January 1947
(b) Abul Kalam Azad
(c) 26th January 1947
(c) Acharya Kripalani
(d) Rajendra Prasad (d) 15th August 1947
86. Name the foreign journalist who reported 93. “There is going to be a revolution here (in India)
Satyagrah at Dharsana salt work was and we must get out quick.” Who said it?
(a) Mark Tully (b) Web Miller (a) Sir Stafford Cripps
(c) Philip Sprat (d) Francis Louis (b) Lord Pethwick Lawrence
87. Who among the following said about Mahatma (c) Lord Wavell
Gandhi, “Generations to come, it may be, will (d) A.V. Alexander
scarce believe that such one as this, ever in flesh 94. Baba Ramchandra organised peasants in
and blood, walked upon this earth”? (a) Andhra (b) Bengal
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru (c) Bihar (d) Awadh
(b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad 95. Who of the following gave the slogan “Do or
Die” during Quit India Movement?
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(d) Albert Einstein
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
88. Who among the following hailed Subhash
Chandra Bose as “the flaming sword of Indian
(d) Lokmanya Tilak
Patriotism”?
96. Who of the following established Rani Jhansi
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru Regiment?
(b) Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel (a) Vallabh Bhai Patel
(c) Govind Vallabh Pant (b) Ras Bihari Bose
(d) Sarojini Naidu (c) Subhash Chandra Bose
89. The first session of All India Trade Union (d) Bipin Chandra Pal
Congress held in Bombay was presided over by 97. The provision for the establishment of All India
(a) S.A. Dange Federation was included in the
(b) N.M. Joshi (a) Government of India Act 1919
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (b) Government of India Act 1935
(d) Jawahar Lal Nehru (c) August offer 1940
90. In which session, did the Muslim League give the (d) Cabinet Mission Proposal 1946
slogan ‘Divide and Quit’? 98. When Gandhiji was arrested in Salt Satyagrah
(a) Lucknow 1931 (b) Karachi 1933 who took his place as leader of the movement?
(c) Lahore 1940 (d) Karachi 1943 (a) Abbas Tyabji
91. Who authored the famous book ‘The Indian (b) Abul Kalam Azad
Struggle’? (c) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(a) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
99. Gandhiji’s Champaran Movement was for
(b) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(a) The security of the rights of Harijans
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Civil disobedience Movement
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Maintaining of Unity of Hindu Society
92. Who declared “ Every blow that is hurled on my
(d) Solving the problems of Indigo worker
back will be a nail in the coffin of the British 100. Which one of the following parties was in power
empire”? in UK when India got Independence?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai (a) Conservative Party
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (b) Labour Party
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal (c) Liberal Party
(d) Jawahar Lal Nehru (d) Socialist Party
History || A-153
101. The Muslim League demanded separate Pakistan 109. Who among the following took the burning of the
for the first time in the year foreign clothes as the ‘insensate waste’ during
(a) 1939 (b) 1940 the Non-cooperation Movement?
(c) 1941 (d) 1942 (a) C.R. Das
102. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given the epithet ‘Lok- (b) Moti Lal Nehru
Manya’ during (c) Ravindra Nath Tagore
(a) Swadeshi Movement (d) Vallabh Bhai Patel
(b) Revolutionary Movement 110. Which one of the following is not true about the
(c) Home Rule Movement First Round Table Conference?
(d) Quit India Movement (a) It was held in 1930
103. When did Gandhiji give the slogan of ‘Swaraj in (b) It was to discuss the Report of the Simon
one year’? Commission
(a) During Non-cooperation Movement (c) It was held in London
(b) During Round Table Conference (d) It was attended by the Congress delegation
(c) During Dandi March 111. The book “Mountbatten and the Partition of
(d) During Civil Disobedience Movement India” was written by
104. Who amongst the following advised that the
(a) Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre
Indian National Congress should be disbanded
(b) M.N. Das
as a political party after the independence of India?
(c) Louis Fischer
(a) C. Rajagopalachari
(d) None of these
(b) Jai Prakash Narayana
112. Two independent states of India and Pakistan
(c) Acharya Kripalani
were created by
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
105. In which one of the following sessions of the (a) The Shimala Conference
Indian National Congress, ‘Poorna Swaraj’ was (b) The Crips Proposal
declared the goal of Congress? (c) The Cabinet Mission Plan
(a) Lahore 1929 (b) Karachi (d) The Indian Independence Act
(c) Delhi (d) Bombay 113. Where did Baba Ramchandra organise the
106. Where was Mahatama Gandhi when Chauri- farmers?
Chaura episode took place? (a) Awadh (b) Bihar
(a) At Delhi (b) At Chauri-Chaura (c) Bengal (d) Andra
(c) At Calcutta (d) At Bardoli 114. Who of the following founded Ahmedabad
107. Who among the following had denounced the Textile Labour Association?
participation of Mahatma Gandhi in the Khilafat (a) Mahatma Gandhi
Movement? (b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(a) Abul Kalam Azad (c) N.M. Joshi
(b) Muhammad Ali (d) J.B. Kripalani
(c) Shaukat Ali 115. The leader of Bardoli Satyagrah was
(d) Muhammad Ali Jinnah (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Vitthalbhai Patel
108. Who of the following called Gandhiji Mahatma (c) Vallabhbhai Patel (d) Mahadev Desai
for the first time? 116. Where was the first All Indian Kisan Sabha
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru formed?
(b) Madan Mohan Malviya
(a) Patna (b) Lucknow
(c) Ravindra Nath Tagore
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose (c) Calcutta (d) Madras
117. Who presided over the first session of All India 125. The Sarabandi (no tax) Campaign of 1922 was
Kisan Sabha? led by
(a) Swami Sahajanand (a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Swami Shradhanand (b) Chittaranjan Das
(c) Indulal Yajnik (c) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(d) N.N. Ranga (d) Vallabhbhai Patel
118. All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was 126. Who of the following was associated with the
founded in 1920 by August offer?
(a) V.V. Giri (b) S.A. Dange (a) Lord Wavell (b) Lord Irwin
(c) P.C. Joshi (d) N.M. Joshi (c) Lord Linlithgow (d) Lord Mountbatten
119. Who was the general secretary of the All Indian 127. Which one of the following was the first Indian
Trade Union Congress? effort to draft constitutional scheme?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai (a) Simon report (b) Nehru report
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (c) Irwin report (d) None of these
(c) S.A. Dange 128. Due to leadership and success in which one of the
(d) Diwan Chaman Lal following, did Vallabhbhai Patel get the title of
120. Who among the following was not associated Sardar?
with the formation of UP Kisan Sabha in (a) Kheda Satyagrah
February 1918?
(b) Non-cooperation Movement
(a) Indra Narayan Dwivedi
(c) Bardoli Satyagrah
(b) Gauri Shankar Mishra
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement
(c) Madan Mohan Malviya
129. Who among the following was nominated by
(d) Jawahar Lal Nehru
Mahatma Gandhi for the presidentship of the
121. Who of the following was known as Deshbandhu?
Congress in 1939 against Subhash Chandra
(a) Aurobindo Ghose
Bose?
(b) Chittranjan Das
(a) Pattabhi Sitaramayya
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) Govind Ballabh Pant
(d) Surendra Nath Banerjee
(c) Jawahar Lal Nehru
122. Who of the following was a founder of Naujawan
Bharat Sabha in 1926? (d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai 130. While delivering the presidential address,
(b) Bhagat Singh the Congress President who advocated the
(c) Lala Hardayal introduction of Roman script for Hindi language
(d) Sohan Singh Bhakhna was
123. The editor of Young India and Harijan was (a) Mahatma Gandhi
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(b) B.R. Ambedkar (c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Jyotiba Phule (d) Abul Kalam Azad
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose 131. Which one of the following commissions was
124. Which of the following movements came to appointed by British Government to investigation
abrupt end because of Chauri Chaura incident? into the massacre in Jallianwala Bagh?
(a) Non-cooperation Movement (a) Hunter Commission
(b) Home Rule Movement (b) Simon Commission
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement (c) Welby Commission
(d) Quit India Movement (d) Butler Committee
History || A-155
132. Who among the following was regarded by (c) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Mahatma Gandhi as his Political Guru? (d) Abul Kalam Azad
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji 138. Who was called the Iron man of India?
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) Feroz Shah Mehta (b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale (c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
133. Who played an important role in signing of (d) Lala Lajpat Rai
Gandhi-Irwin Pact? 139. The main reason for the boycott of Simon
(a) Moti Lal Nahru Commission in India was
(b) Madan Mohan Malviya (a) Appointment before time
(c) Tej Bahadur Sapru (b) All the members were Englishmen
(d) Chintamani (c) Chairman was a member of British Liberal
134. During whose tenure as the Viceroy of India, Party
were the great martyrs Bhagat Singh, Rajguru (d) None of these
and Sukhdev hanged? 140. Who was the President of Constituent Assembly?
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Irwin (a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(c) Lord Minto (d) Lord Cheimsford (b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
135. The massacre of the crowd at Jallianwala Bagh at (c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Amritsar took place on (d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(a) 1st June 1918 (b) 13th March 1919 141. Which one of the following Indian freedom
(c) 12th April 1919 (d) 13th April 1919 fighters coined the slogan ‘Jai Hind’?
136. Which of the following Acts was described by (a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
Jawahar Lal Nehru as ‘New Charter of Slavery’? (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(a) Regulating Act 1773 (c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Government of India Act 1909 (d) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Government of India Act 1919 142. Who was invited by Lord Wavell to form the
(d) Government of India Act 1935 Interim Government in India in 1946?
137. Who was known as the Frontier Gandhi (Simanta (a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Gandhi)? (b) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(a) Abdul Gaffar Khan (c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Mahatma Gandhi (d) C. Rajagopalachari
ANSWER KEY
1. (a) 19. (b) 37. (b) 55. (d) 73. (d) 91. (d) 109. (c) 127. (b)
2. (b) 20. (c) 38. (c) 56. (a) 74. (a) 92. (a) 110. (d) 128. (c)
3. (a) 21. (c) 39. (c) 57. (c) 75. (c) 93. (a) 111. (a) 129. (a)
4. (a) 22. (d) 40. (c) 58. (d) 76. (c) 94. (d) 112. (d) 130. (c)
5. (c) 23. (a) 41. (d) 59. (d) 77. (a) 95. (b) 113. (a) 131. (a)
6. (b) 24. (b) 42. (d) 60. (c) 78. (b) 96. (c) 114. (a) 132. (d)
7. (d) 25. (a) 43. (a) 61. (a) 79. (a) 97. (b) 115. (c) 133. (c)
8. (b) 26. (d) 44. (d) 62. (b) 80. (b) 98. (a) 116. (b) 134. (b)
9. (a) 27. (b) 45. (c) 63. (d) 81. (d) 99. (d) 117. (a) 135. (d)
10. (c) 28. (d) 46. (b) 64. (c) 82. (c) 100. (b) 118. (d) 136. (d)
11. (d) 29. (c) 47. (b) 65. (b) 83. (c) 101. (b) 119. (d) 137. (a)
12. (d) 30. (d) 48. (d) 66 (c) 84. (b) 102. (c) 120. (d) 138. (a)
13. (b) 31. (b) 49. (c) 67. (a) 85. (a) 103. (a) 121. (b) 139. (b)
14. (d) 32. (d) 50. (d) 68. (b) 86. (b) 104. (d) 122. (b) 140. (c)
15. (c) 33. (d) 51. (c) 69. (b) 87. (d) 105. (a) 123. (a) 141. (d)
16. (b) 34. (a) 52. (c) 70. (c) 88. (a) 106. (d) 124. (a) 142. (b)
17. (a) 35. (c) 53. (b) 71. (b) 89. (c) 107. (d) 125. (d)
18. (c) 36. (b) 54. (d) 72. (b) 90. (d) 108. (c) 126. (c)
Hints & Solutions

1. (a) Gandhiji launched his first successful Satyagraha Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Khilafat
in Champaran after returning from South Africa. Movement. It was approved by the Indian National
Mahatma Gandhi began his experiments with Congress at the Nagpur session in December,
Satyagraha against the oppressive European indigo 1920. The movement began with Mahatma Gandhi
planters at Champaran in Bihar in 1917. renouncing the titles, which were given by the
2. (b) The only session of the Indian National Congress British. Other leaders and influential persons also
presidised by Mahatma Gandhi was in Belgaum. The followed him by surrendering their honorary posts
town had the honour of hosting the All India 39th and titles. Students came out of the government
Congress session in 1924, that was the only session educational institutions. National schools such as
which was presided over by Mahatma Gandhi, and the Kashi Vidyapeeth, the Bihar Vidyapeeth and the
the only session held in Karnataka. ‘Veersoudha’ is
Jamia Millia Islamia were set up. All the prominent
a monument built in memory of this session.
leaders of the country gave up their lucrative legal
3. (a) The first mass movement started by Mahatma
practice. Legislatures were boycotted. No leader of
Gandhi was Non-cooperation Movement. Mahatma
the Congress came forward to contest the elections
Gandhi announced his plan to begin Non-Cooperation
for the Legislatures.
with the government as a sequel to the Rowlatt
History || A-157
4. (a) In the Calcutta Session 1901 of the Indian Buddhists, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians,
National Congress, Mohan Das Karmachand Gandhi Europeans and Untouchables (then known as the
participated for the first time. In 1901, Gandhi Dalits), etc. The ‘award’ attracted severe criticism
reached India to attend the Calcutta session of the from Mahatma Gandhi, the Akali Dal, etc.
Indian National Congress and had the satisfaction 12. (d) Satish Chandra Samanta became the president of
of seeing his resolution on South Africa pass with Tamluk Congress Committee and remained an active
acclamation. congress member for decades. He was known for his
5. (c) In the Ahmedabad strike, Mahatma Gandhi leadership qualities and other constructive work. His
made his first use of hunger strike as a weapon. leadership qualities could be observed during the
In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi intervened in a dispute formation of a parallel government namedTamralipta
between the workers and mill-owners of Ahmedabad. Jatiya Sarkar (Tamrlipta National Government) in
He advised the workers to go on strike and to demand Tamluk during the Quit India Movement.
a 35 per cent increase in wages. But he insisted that 13. (b) Vinoba was chosen by Mahatma Gandhi as the
the workers should not use violence against the first Satyagrahi in the individual Satyagraha initiated
employers during the strike. in 1940. The first Satyagraha of the individual
6. (b) Annie Besant was the first woman President of Satyagrahi was initiated on 17th October, 1940.
Indian National Congress. She presided over the 1917 It is important to recall that Pandit Jawahar Lal
Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. Nehru was the second Satyagrahi. Gandhiji declared
Annie Besant was of Irish origin and was one of the Vinayak as the first Satyagrahi and also gave him the
few foreigners who played a significant role in the name ‘Vinoba’. This is the first instance that drew
Indian freedom movement. everybody’s attention to Vinoba. Vinobaji continued
7. (d) In Singapore, Subhash Chandra Bose set up to work in Gandhiji’s constructive programmes.
the ‘Azad Hind Fauj’ and Azad Hind Government. 14. (d) Moti Lal Nehru had supported the Non-
During the course of the Second World War, armed cooperation Resolution of Mahatma Gandhi in the
revolutionary activities continued to take place. The special session of the Indian National Congress at
role of Subhas Chandra Bose towards such activities Calcutta in 1920.
is incomparable. On 2 July 1943, Subhas Chandra 15. (c) In the Kranchi Session 1931 of India National
Bose reached Singapore and gave the rousing war Congress, Mahatma Gandhi had said “Gandhi may
cry of ‘Dilli Chalo’. He was made the President of die but Gandhism will remain forever.”
Indian Independence League and soon became the 16. (b) Hindustan socialist Republican Association
supreme commander of the Indian National Army. before 1928 was known as the Hindustan Republican
8. (b) Direct Action Day was observed by Mulsim Association. It is reckoned as one amongst the
league on 16th August, 1946. Direct Action Day also Indian independence associations during the time of
known as the Great Calcutta Killings, was a day of freedom struggle. Bhagat Singh, Yogendra Shukla
widespread riot and manslaughter between Hindus and Chandrasekar Azad were the key functionaries
and Muslims in the city of Calcutta (now known as of Hindustan Socialist Republic Association.
Kolkata) in the Bengal province of British India. The 17. (a) Subhash Chandra Bose addressed Gandhiji as
day also marked the start of what is known as The the “ Father of the Nation” for the first time. Mahatma
Week of the Long Knives. Gandhiji is revered in India as the Father of the
9. (a) When the cabinet mission arrived in India, Nation. Much before the Constitution of Free India
Mahatma Gandhi was in Urulikanchan. conferred the title of the Father of the Nation upon the
10. (c) The title of the autobiography of Subhash Mahatma, it was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose who
Chandra Bose is the “Autobiography of an Indian first addressed him as such in his condolence message
Pilgrim.” to the Mahatma on the demise of Kasturba.
11. (d) The Communal Award was made by the British 18. (c) Jiatrang Movement started in Manipur.
Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald on 16 August 19. (b) In December 1929, the Congress held its
1932 granting separate electorates in British India annual session at Lahore. Jawaharlal Nehru was the
for the Forward Caste, Lower Caste, Muslims, president at this session. In this session, the Congress
declared ‘Purna Swaraj’ or complete independence 29. (c) The suspension of the Non-cooperation
as its ultimate goal. It asked all Congressmen and Movement led to a split within Congress in the Gaya
nationalists not to participate in elections to the session of the Congress in December 1922. Leaders
legislatures and to resign from the legislatures. It like Motilal Nehru and Chittranjan Das formed a
was decided that 26 January would be henceforth separate group within the Congress known as the
observed as the Independence Day every year. To Swaraj Party on 1 January 1923. The Swarajists
achieve the aim of complete independence, the wanted to contest the council elections and wreck
Congress decided to launch another mass movement the government from within.
– the Civil Disobedience Movement. 30. (d) Chandrashekhar was the one to have escaped
20. (c) Aruna Asaf Ali was connected with Quit India being hanged in the Kakori Conspiracy case.
Movement. The members of the Socialist Party 31. (b) Dr. Ambedkar attended all the three Round Table
including Ram Manohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narayan Conferences in London and forcefully argued for the
and Aruna Asaf Ali started consolidating underground welfare of the “untouchables”. Meanwhile, British
networks. The role of the underground movement was Government decided to hold provincial elections in
seen as one keeping up popular morale by providing 1937. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar set up the “Independent
a line of command and guidance to activists across Labor Party” in August 1936 to contest the elections
the country. in the Bombay province. He and many candidates
21. (c) Rabindra Nath Tagore had called Subhash of his party were elected to the Bombay Legislative
Chandra Bose as ‘Desh Nayak.’ Assembly.
22. (d) Vitthal Bhai Patel was elected President 32. (d) Jai Prakash Narayan escaped from the prison
(Speaker) of the Central Legislative Assembly in and organised underground activities during the Quit
1925. India Movement.
23. (a) A Provisional Government of India with Raja 33. (d) Jawahar Lal Nehru is associated with the
Mahendra Pratap as its President was established statement “I am a socialist and a republican and am
during the first world war in Afghanistan. no believer in Kings and Princes.”
24. (b) Mahatma Gandhi had told, “Destruction is the 34. (a) C.R. Das had moved the Non-cooperation
best method of dealing with the foreign clothes.” resolution in the Nagpur session of the Indian
25. (a) When a raid was made by Congress Volunteers National Congress in 1920. In December 1920,
on Dharsana salt depot Mahatma Gandhi was in Congress met once again in the Nagpur. This time
Yervada Jail. On May 21, 1930, Sarojini Naidu, Imam the differences of C.R. Das had melted away. He
Sahib and Manilal took up the task of leading a raid moved the main resolution of Non-cooperation.
on Dharsana salt works. A programme of surrender of titles, the boycott of
schools, courts and councils, the boycott of foreign
26. (d) J.L. Nehru had seconded the “ Quit India
goods, the promotion of a Hindu-Muslim unity and
Resolution” of 1942.
strict non-violence was adopted.
27. (b) Surendra Nath Banerjee is remembered and
35. (c) Bina Das was the female revolutionary who fired
widely respected today as a pioneer leader of Indian
at the English Governor (Chancellor) while receiving
politics – first treading the path of Indian political
her degree at the convocation. With a fierce resolution
empowerment. He published an important work. ‘A
to gain freedom, Bina Das plunged into action by
Nation in Making; which was widely acclaimed.
joining “Chhatri Sangha”, a revolutionary group in
28. (d) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan’s educational and
Calcutta. The first action of this revolutionary party
social reform work among the Pathans had politicised
was to kill a ruthless and tyrant British Governor
them. Gaffar Khan, also called Badshah Khan and
during the convocation ceremony. Since Bina Das was
Frontier Gandhi had started the first Pushto political also going to get her graduation degree on that event,
monthly, Pukhtoon and had organised a volunteer she decided to take the initiative of assassinating the
brigade ‘Khudai Khidmatgars’, popularly known as ruthless Governor. The convocation ceremony was
the ‘Red Shirts’ who were pledged to the freedom filled with several young graduates and Bina Das
struggle and non-violence. was one of them. When Stanley Jackson was about
History || A-159
to arrive at her side, Bina Das immediately fired five scope and scholarship, one of the greatest figures of
bullets from her revolver. But the governor managed Indian history unfolds the panorama of the country’s
to escape unscratched from the attack. Since Bina Das rich and complex past, from prehistory to the last
had just started practising shooting, her grip on the years of British colonial rule.
weapon was not strong. Bina Das was arrested and 44. (d) The person who on April 4, 1919 delivered a
was sentenced to 9 years of painful imprisonment. speech on Hindu-Muslim unity from the pulpit of
Even though the mission was a failure, Bina Das Jama Masjid in Delhi was Swami Shradhanand.
was glad that she had succeeded in striking a terror 45. (c) The person who returned his token of honour to
in mind of British supremacy. Government of India on May 30, 1919 was Rabindra
36. (b) The Lahore session of the Indian National Nath Tagore. In 1915, the British Crown granted
Congress was held in 1929 under the presidentship Tagore a knighthood. He renounced it after the 1919
of Jawaharlal Nehru. The Lahore session of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Indian National Congress witnessed significant 46. (b) By Non-cooperation Movement, Gandhi meant
developments in the Indian national movement. It a peaceful rebellion. He appealed everybody to
was in this session that the Congress for the first time adopt the policy of ‘progressive, non-violent, non-
raised the demand for complete independence. Such cooperation’ movement. The programme of Non-
demand was not raised from the Congress platform cooperation Movement was multidimensional. It
earlier. included surrender of all titles and government posts.
37. (b) In Tripura, session 1939 of the Indian National The boycott programme had its tremendous impact
Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose had defeated upon the people of India. Gandhi himself surrendered
Pattabhi Sitaramayya in the election of the Congress the title of Kaiser-i-Hind. Chita Raman Das, Motilal
President. Nehru, Rajendra Prasad; Jawaharlal Nehru, etc. left
38. (c) Many revolutionaries were tried in a series of their legal practices. Students started to boycott the
cases. In jail, these revolutionaries protested against government or government aided institutions.
the horrible conditions through a fast, and demanded 47. (b) Cabinet Mission came to India after the Second
honourable and decent treatment as political World War in 1946. After the end of the Second
prisoners. Jatin Das became the first martyr on the World War, the British authorities in India released
64th day of his fast.
all political prisoners who had participated in the Quit
39. (c) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was not amongst the
India Movement. The Indian National Congress, the
laywers to fight the case of Indian National Army in
largest Indian political party, which had long fought
1946 in the Delhi Red Fort trial.
for national independence, agreed to participate
40. (c) Ashfaque-ullah Khan the first recorded
in elections for a constituent assembly, as did the
Muslim revolutionary who was hanged for India’s
Muslim League. The newly elected government of
independence.
Clement Attlee dispatched the 1946 Cabinet Mission
41. (d) Bhagat Singh was not associated with Kakori
to India to formulate proposals for the formation of
conspiracy case. He was a part of Hindustan Socialist
a government that would lead to an independent
Republican Association. Bhagat Singh, Azad and
India.
Rajguru shot dead Saunders, the police official
responsible for the lathicarge in Lahore. 48. (d) All the above given parties did not support Quite
42. (d) The province where Indian National Congress India Movement.
did not form ministry after the general election of 49. (c) The Food and Agriculture Portfolio was held by
1937 was Bengal. Rajendra Prasad in the interim government formed
43. (a) In Ahmadnagar Fort Jail, the book “Discovery in 1946.
of India” was written by Jawahar Lal Nahru. Written 50. (d) The Karachi session was presided over by
over five months when Jawaharlal Nehru was Sardar Patel. The Congress adopted a resolution
imprisoned in the Ahmadnagar Fort. The Discovery on Fundamental rights and economic policy which
of India has acquired the status of a classic since it represented the Party’s social, economic and political
was first published in 1946. In this work of prodigious programmes.
51. (c) Ram Manohar Lohia made regular broadcast 57. (c) Lahore session of Muslim League (1940) was
on Congress radio operated during Quit India presided over by Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
Movement. During the Quit India Movement of 1942, 58. (d) When three captured Indian National Army
Congress radio operated for about three months. It (INA) officers, Shahnawaz Khan, Prem Kumar
was organized by Usha Mehta, a veteran freedom Sahgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon were put on
fighter of India with the help of Ham radio operators. trial for treason, the Congress formed a defence
Eminent personalities like Ram Manohar Lohia, committee composed of 17 advocates including
Achyutrao Patwardhan, and Purushottam Trikamdas Bhulabhai Desai. The court-martial hearing began
were also associated with the Congress Radio. in October 1945 at the Red Fort. Bhulabhai was the
52. (c) Clement Attlee said “ Imperialism is dead as leading counsel for the defence. Undeterred by poor
dodo.” health, Bhulabhai made an emphatic and passionate
53. (b) The most important “action” of the HRA argument in defence of the charged soldiers.
(Hindustan Republican Association) was the 59. (d) The Indian National Congress met at Haripura
Kakori robbery in the year 1925. The men held during February 19 to 22, 1938, under the presidency
up the 8-Down train at Kakori, an obscure village of Subhas Chandra Bose. During this tenure (1938),
near Lucknow and looted its official railway cash. he was elected as the President of the Haripura
Government crackdown after the kakori robbery Congress Session in 1938, i.e. Subhas Chandra Bose
led to arrests of many of whom 17 were jailed, four remained the President of INC till next year (1939,
transported for life and four – Bismil, Ashfaqullah, Tripura session).
Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lihiri – were hanged. 60. (c) Asaf Ali was the in charge of the railways
Kakori proved to be a setback. and transport in the interim Government of India
55. (d) Shortly afterwards he was elected President of from September 2, 1946 before serving as the first
the Haripura Congress Session in 1938. During his ambassador from India to the USA from February
term as Congress President, he talked of planning 1947 to mid-April, 1948. He was appointed the
in concrete terms, and set up a National Planning governor of Odisha, but he resigned from the post
in May 1952 on health grounds. His last assignment
Committee in October that year. At the end of his first
was as India’s minister to Switzerland, Austria and
term, the presidential election to the Tripura Congress
the Vatican; he died in office in Bern.
session took place early 1939. Subhas Chandra Bose
61. (a) The Congress met at Karachi in March 1931 to
was re-elected, defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
endorse the Gandhi-Irwin or the Delhi Pact. It was
who had been backed by Mahatma Gandhi and the
presided over by Sardar Patel. This session became
Congress Working Committee. Clouds of World War
memorable for its resolution on the Fundamental
II were on the horizon and he brought a resolution
Rights and the National Economic Programmes.
to give the British six months to hand India over to
In short, it set the parameters of the Swaraj was
the Indians, failing which there would be a revolt.
reflecting the then dominant leftwing ting of the
There was much opposition to his rigid stand, and
national movements. It was drafted by the Pandit
he resigned from the post of president and formed a
Jawaharlal Nehru.
progressive group known as the Forward Block.
62. (b) ‘Operation Zero Hour’ was started by the
56. (a) Gandhi was requested by Raj Kumar Shukla
British Government to arrest the leaders of Quit India
to look into the problems of the indigo planters
Movement.
of Champaran in Bihar. The European planters
63. (d) Bhudeva Mukherjee was the Bengali writer
had been forcing the peasants to grow indigo on
to suggest the adoption of Hindi as India’s national
3/20 of the total land called Tinkathia system.
language.
History || A-161
64. (c) The statement, “On bended knees I asked for 74. (a) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel to become a follower
bread and received stone instead”, is associated with of Gandhiji inspired by the Kheda Movement.
Dandi March. 75. (c) The naval revolt of 1946 was started on the fleet
65. (b) J.L. Nehru had drafted the Quit India Resolution. I.N.S. Talwar.
The All India Congress Committee met at Bombay 76. (c) Mahatma Gandhi said about Subhash Chandra
on 8 August 1942 and passed the famous Quit India Bose on 23 Jan, 1948, “we should emulate him ...
Resolution. On the same day, Gandhi gave his call Subhash was a great patriot. He laid down his life
of ‘do or die’. for the country. He has no use for parochialism or
66 (c) The party which observed the ‘Black Day’ on caste distinction.”
3 July, 1947 against partition of India was Hindu 77. (a) Bhagat Singh had written the article ‘Why I am
Mahasabha. 3 June Plan or Mountbatten Plan an Atheist’.
was the partition of British India on the basis of 78. (b) Abul Kalam Azad was the President of Congress
religious demographics. This led to the creation of when Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India
the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan. Movement in 1942.
67. (a) In the Lahore Session, 1915 of Muslim League, 79. (a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President
“Two-Nation Theory” was propounded. Fazlul Haq, of India National Congress after the resignation of
the premier of Bengal, who along with Muslim Subhas Chandra Bose.
League had formed the government of Bengal 80. (b) Ghanshyam Das Birla was the founder of
Province, moved a resolution, which was passed ‘Harijan Sevak Sangh.’
by Muslim League. In this session, Jinnah in his 81. (d) Aurobindo Ghosh was not the member of
presidential address gave the famous Two-Nation Motilal Nehru Committee.
Theory as fellows: “India cannot be assumed today 82. (c) Mahatma Gandhi said, “Cripp’s proposals were
to be Unitarian and homogeneous nation, but on a post-dated cheque of a crashing bank”. The major
the contrary, there are two nations in the main – the political parties of the country rejected the Cripp’s
Hindus and Muslims”. The term Pakistan was not proposals. Gandhi called Cripp’s proposals as a “Post-
used in this session. Gandhiji rejected the Two-Nation dated Cheque”. They did not like the rights of the
Theory. Princely States either to send their representatives to
68. (b) Sarat Chandra Bose had read the English version the Constituent Assembly or to stay out of the Indian
of presidential address in Tripura session of Indian Union. The Muslim League was also dissatisfied as
National Congress, 1939. its demand for Pakistan had not been conceded in the
69. (b) M.A. Jinnah was not a part of Non-cooperation proposal.
Movement. 83. (c) Lord Emery was not a member of the Cabinet
70. (c) Subhash Chandra Bose hailed Gandhi’s call for Mission Plan. After the Second World War, Lord Atlee
‘Quit India’ as an Epic Movement. became the Prime Minister of England. On 15 March,
71. (b) J.B. Kriplani was the President of the Flag 1946 Lord Atlee made a historic announcement
Committee. in which the right to self-determination and the
72. (b) Anand Math is associated with rise of National framing of a Constitution for India were conceded.
Movement in India. Consequently, three members of the British Cabinet
73. (d) Mohammad Iqbal was the man to propose a – Pathick Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps and A. V.
separate state for the Muslims of India for the first Alexander – were sent to India. This is known as the
time. Cabinet Mission.
84. (b) The idea of the Indian National Army (INA) 90. (d) In Karachi 1943 session, the Mulsim League
was first conceived in Malaya by Mohan Singh an gave the slogan “ Divide and Quit.”
Indian officer of the British Indian Army. When he 91. (d) Subhash Chandra Bose authored the famous
decided not to join the retreating British Army and book ‘The Indian Struggle.’
instead turned to the Japanese for help. 92. (a) Lala Lajpat Rai declared “ Every blow that is
85. (a) The Constituent Assembly met for the first hurled on my back will be a nail in the coffin of the
time in New Delhi on 9 December, 1946 in the British Empire.
Constitution Hall which is now known as the Central 93. (a) Sir Stafford Cripps said “ There is going to be
Hall of Parliament House. The Constituent Assembly a revolution here and we must get out quick.”
took almost three years (two years, eleven months 94. (d) Baba Ram Chandra was an Indian trade unionist
and seventeen days to be precise) to complete who organised the farmers of Awadh to protest against
its historic task of drafting the Constitution for the landlords in 1920s and 1930s. Other prominent
Independent India. During this period, it held eleven leaders included Jhinguri Singh and Durgapal
sessions covering a total of 165 days. Of these, 114 Singh.
days were spent on the consideration of the Draft 95. (b) Mahatma Gandhi gave the slogan “Do or
Constitution. Die” during Quit India Movement. The failure of
86. (b) Web Miller was the foreign journalist who the Cripp’s Mission and the fear of an impending
reported Satyagrah at Dharsana salt works. American Japanese invasion of India led Mahatma Gandhi
journalist Web Miller was an eye-witness to the to begin his campaign for the British to quit
beating of Satyagrahis with steel-tipped Lathis. India. Mahatma Gandhi believed that an interim
Miller’s first attempts at telegraphing the story to his government could be formed only after the British
publisher in England were censored by the British left India and the Hindu-Muslim problem sorted out.
telegraph operators in India. Only after threatening The All India Congress Committee met at Bombay
to expose British censorship was his story allowed on 8 August 1942 and passed the famous Quit India
to pass. The story appeared in 1,350 newspapers Resolution. On the same day, Gandhi gave his call
throughout the world and was read into the official
of ‘do or die’.
record of the United States Senate by Senator John
96. (c) Subhash Chandra Bose established ‘Rani Jhansi
J. Blaine.
Regiment.’ The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the
87. (d) Albert Einstein said about Mahatma Gandhi,
Women’s Regiment of the Indian National Army.
“Generations to come, it may be, will scarce believe
This armed force was formed by Indian nationalists in
that such one as this ever in flesh and blood, walked
1942 in Southeast Asia whose aim was to overthrow
upon this earth.”
the British Raj in colonial India with the help of
88. (a) J.L. Nehru hailed S.C. Bose as “ the flaming
Japan.
sword of Indian patriotism.”
97. (b) The provision for the establishment of All India
89. (c) The first session of All India Trade Union
Federation was included in the Government of India
Congress held in Bombay was presided over by Lala
Act 1935.
Lajpat Rai. All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
98. (a) Abas Tyabji took the place of Gandhi when he
was founded on 31 October 1920 in Bombay by N.
was arrested in salt Satyagrah. Gandhiji’s successor,
M. Joshi, Lala Lajpat Rai and a few others and, until
Mr. Abbas Tyabji, ex-Justice of Baroda, was getting
1945 when unions became organised on party lines,
ready at Karadi for the march to the salt works at
it was the primary trade union organisation in India.
Dharasana. On May 12, 1930, the volunteers fell into
Since then it has been associated with the Communist
line ready for the march, but Tyabji was arrested. Mrs.
Party of India.
History || A-163
Sarojini Naidu succeeded Abbas Tyabji. On May 21 him “Father of the Indian unrest.” He was also
over 2,000 volunteers led by her and Imam Saheb conferred with the honorary title of “Lokmanya”,
raided Dharasana salt depot, about 150 miles north which literally means “Accepted by the people” (as
of Bombay. their leader).
99. (d) Gandhi was requested by Raj Kumar Shukla 103. (a) During the Non-cooperation Movement,
to look into the problems of the indigo planters Gandhiji gave the slogan of Swaraj in one year.
of Champaran in Bihar. The European planters 104. (d) Mahatma Gandhi advised that the Indian
had been forcing the peasants to grow indigo on National Congress should be disbanded as a political
3/20 of the total land called Tinkathia system. party after the Independence of India.
100. (b) Labour Party was in power in UK when India 105. (a) In Lahore 1929 session of the Indian National
got Independence. The post-war Labour government Congress, ‘Poorna Swaraj’ was declared the goal
in Britain was committed to independence for India. of Congress. In the prevailing atmosphere of
A second mission was sent to India by Prime Minister restlessness, the annual session of the Congress was
Attlee in 1946 for the preparation of independence. held at Lahore in December 1929. During this session
On 16 May, this Cabinet Mission published a plan presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress
for transferring power to a united India, but over passed the Poorna Swaraj resolution. Moreover, as
subsequent months it became clear that this plan the government failed to accept the Nehru Report, the
would fail. The British Government, therefore, Congress gave a call to launch the Civil Disobedience
began to draw up alternative plans. It also appointed Movement.
a new Viceroy Lord Mountbatten to take over from 106. (d) Mahatma Gandhi was at Bardoli when Chauri
Lord Wavell who had failed to get the Indian parties Chaura eposide took place.
to agree on any plan. In June 1947, Mountbatten 107. (d) Muhammad Ali Jinnah had denounced the
announced that Independence would come at participation of Mahatma Gandhi in the Khilafat
Midnight on 14 August 1947. Movement.
101. (b) The Muslim League demanded separate Pakistan 108. (c) Tagore had very close relationship with
for the first time in the year 1940. In 1937, elections Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi called him ‘Gurudev’
were held under the provisions of the Government while it was Tagore who referred Gandhi as Mahatma
of India Act of 1935. Congress Ministries were as early as February 1915, when Gandhi had just
formed in seven states of India. On 1 September arrived from South Africa. They had an intellectual
1939, the Second World War broke out. The British debate over certain issues, but their friendship lasted
Government without consulting the people of India till Tagore’s death in 1941.
involved the country in the war. The Congress 109. (c) Rabindra Nath Tagore took the burning of the
vehemently opposed it and as a mark of protest the foreign clothes as the “ insensate waste” during the
Congress ministries in the provinces resigned on Non-cooperation Movement.
12 December 1939. The Muslim League celebrated 110. (d) The first Round Table conference was not attended
that day as the Deliverance Day. In March 1940, the by the Congress delegation. The British Government
Muslim League demanded the creation of Pakistan. summoned Indian leaders and spokesmen in the First
102. (c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given the epithet ‘Lok- Round Table conference (1930) to discuss the Simon
Manya’ during the Home Rule Movement. He was Commission report. But the Indian National Congress
one of the popular leaders of the Indian Independence boycotted the conference and this conference of
Movement. The British colonial authorities called Indian affairs was held without the Congress.
111. (a) The book “Mountbatten and the Partition of 118. (d) All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was
India” was written by Larry Colling and Dominique founded on 31 October 1920 in Bombay by N. M.
Lapierre. Joshi, Lala Lajpat Rai and a few others and, until
112. (d) On July 18, 1947, the British Parliament ratified 1945 when unions became organised on party lines,
the Moutbatten Plan as the “Independence of India it was the primary trade union organisation in India.
Act - 1947”. The act was implemented on August
Since then it has been associated with the Communist
15, 1947. The Act provided for the creation of two
Party of India.
independent dominions of India and Pakistan with
119. (d) The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
effect from August 15, 1947.
was founded on October 31, 1920. The Indian
113. (a) Baba Ramchandra organised the farmers of
Awadh. National Congress president for the year, Lala Lajpat
114. (a) Mahatma Gandhi founded Ahmedabad Textile Rai, was elected as the first president of AITUC and
Labour Association. Dewan Chaman Lal as the first general secretary.
115. (c) The Bardoli Taluqa in Surat district had 120. (d) Due to the efforts of the Home Rule activists,
witnessed in tense politicisation after the coming of Kisan Sabhas were organised in UP. The UP Kisan
Gandhi on the national political scene. In February Sabha was set up in February 1918 by Gauri Shankar
1926, Vallabh Bhai Patel was called to lead the Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi. Madan Mohan
movement. The women of Bardoli gave him the Malaviya supported their efforts. By June 1919, the
title of “Sardar”. Under Patel, the Bardoli peasants UP Kisan Sabha had 450 branches. Other prominent
resolved to refuse payments of the revised assessment
leaders included Jhinguri Singh, Durgapal Singh and
until the Government appointed an independent
Baba Ramchandra.
tribunal or accepted the current amount as full
121. (b) Chittaranjan Das realized that Hindu-Muslim
payment.
unity was essential for the attainment of Swaraj. In
116. (b) The first All India Kisan Sabha was formed
in Lucknow. The Kisan Sabha movement started in 1924, he formulated his famous Communal Pact to
Bihar under the leadership of Swami Sahajanand promote permanent peace between India’s two major
Saraswati who had formed in 1929 the Bihar communities. He also wanted an assimilation of
Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS) in order to mobilise Eastern spirit and Western technique. He envisioned
peasant grievances against the Zamindari attacks a pan-Asiatic federation of the oppressed nations
on their occupancy rights. Gradually, the peasant and advocated India’s participation in it. For his
movement intensified and spread across the rest of devotion to the cause of self-rule, he gained the title
India. All these radical developments on the peasant Deshabandhu (friend of the country).
front culminated in the formation of the All India 122. (b) Bhagat Singh founded the Indian nationalist
Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session of the
youth organisation Naujawan Bharat Sabha (“Youth
Indian National Congress in April 1936 with Swami
Society of India”) in March 1926. He also joined
Sahajanand Saraswati elected as its first President.
the Hindustan Republican Association, which had
The other prominent members of this Sabha were
prominent leaders, such as Ram Prasad Bismil,
N.G. Ranga, Ram Manohar Lohia, Jayaprakash
Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev and Bankim Chandrashekhar Azad and Ashfaqulla Khan.
Mukherji. The name of the organisation was changed to
117. (a) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati presided over the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association at
first session of All India Kisan Sabha. Singh’s insistence.
History || A-165
123. (a) Mahatma Gandhi was the editor of ‘Young India’ tribunal or accepted the current amount as full
and ‘Harijan.’ Young India was a weekly newspaper payment.
in English published by Mahatma Gandhi from 1919 129. (a) Pattabhi Sitaramayya was nominated by
to 1932. Gandhi wrote various quotations in this Mahatma Gandhi for the Presidentship of the
journal that inspired many. Harijan was a newspaper Congress in1939 against Subhash Chandra Bose. He
first published on 11 February 1933, brought out by ran for the presidency of the Indian National Congress
Gandhi from Yerwada Jail during the British rule in as the candidate closest to Mohandas Gandhi, against
India. the more radical Netaji Subash Chandra Bose in
124. (a) Non-cooperation Movement was abruptly called Tripura session of 1939.
off on 11 February 1922 by Gandhi following the 130. (c) Subhash Chandra Bose, while delivering the
Chauri Chaura incident in the Gorakhpur district of presidential address was advocated the introduction
UP. Earlier on 5th February, an angry mob set fire to of Roman script for Hindi language.
the police station at Chauri Chaura and twenty two 131. (a) Hunter Commission was appointed by British
policemen were burnt to death. Many top leaders of Government to investigate into the massacre in
the country were stunned at this sudden suspension of Jallianwala Bagh. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
the Non-Cooperation Movement. Mahatma Gandhi was followed by establishment of a non-official
was arrested on 10 March 1922. enquiry committee by Congress. The British
125. (d) The Sarabandi (no tax) campaign of 1922 was Government did not initiate such inquiry till Congress
led by Vallabhbhai Patel. had set up such committee. Later, the Government
126. (c) Lord Linlithgrow was associated with the established a committee headed by Lord Hunter
August offer. ‘August Offer’ was a fresh proposal a Senator of the “College of Justice of Scotland”.
promising the expansion of the Executive Council This committee had 7 members, viz. 4 British and 3
to include more Indians, the establishment of an Indians.
advisory war council, giving full weight to minority 132. (d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale was regarded as the
opinion, and the recognition of Indians’ right to frame political guru of Gandhi. In 1905, he founded the
their own constitution. In return, it was hoped that all Servants of India Society to train Indians to dedicate
parties and communities in India would cooperate in their lives to the cause of the country.
Britain’s war effort. 133. (c) Tej Bahadur Sapru played an important role
127. (b) Nehru report was the first major attempt by the in Signing of Gandhi-Irwin Pact. Sapru mediated
Indians to draft a constitutional framework for the between Gandhi and the Viceroy Lord Irwin, helping
country. The committee included Tej Bahadur Sapru, to forge the Gandhi-Irwin Pact that ended the Salt
Subhash Bose, M.S. Aney, Mangal Singh, Ali Iman, Satyagraha.
Shuab Qureshi and G.R. Pradhan as its members. The 134. (b) During the tenure of Lord Irwin as the Viceroy
report was finalised by August 1928. of India, the great martyrs Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and
128. (c) The Bardoli Taluqa in Surat district had Sukhdev were hanged.
witnessed in tense politicisation after the coming of 135. (d) The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place
Gandhi on the national political scene. In February on 13 April 1919 and it remained a turning point
1926, Vallabh Bhai Patel was called to lead the in the history of India’s freedom movement. In
movement. The women of Bardoli gave him the Punjab, there was an unprecedented support to the
title of “Sardar”. Under Patel, the Bardoli peasants Rowlatt Satyagraha. Facing a violent situation, the
resolved to refuse payments of the revised assessment Government of Punjab handed over the administration
until the Government appointed an independent to the military authorities under General Dyer. He
banned all public meetings and detained the political with his core philosophy of ‘nation first’. Basically,
leaders. On 13th April, the Baisakhi day (harvest it was his success in integrating around 565 princely
festival), a public meeting was organized at the states after independence that got him the sobriquet
Jallianwala Bagh (garden). Dyer marched in and of ‘Iron Man’.
without any warning opened fire on the crowd. The 139. (b) The Indian response against the commission was
firing continued for about 10 to 15 minutes and it immediate and nearly unanimous. What angered the
stopped only after the ammunition exhausted. Indians most was the exclusion of Indians from the
136. (d) Government of India Act 1935 was described commission and the basic notion behind the exclusion
by J.L. Nehru as new charter of slavery. The Dyarchy that foreigners would discuss and decide upon India’s
had been total failure in the provinces, but now fitness for self-government. This notion was seen as
there was an experiment coming up at the centre. a violation of the principle of self-determination and
The safeguards and the special powers vested in the a deliberate insult to the self-respect of Indians.
Governor General was something like a “Charter 140. (c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the President of the
of Slavery” as mentioned by Jawahar Lal Nehru. Constituent Assembly, and later became the first
He compared it with a “machine with all brakes, no President of India.
engine”. 141. (d) Subhash Chandra Bose coined the slogan ‘Jai
137. (a) Abdul Gaffar Khan was known as the Frontier Hind.’ It has been immortalized by Subhas Chandra
Gandhi (Simanta Gandhi). Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Bose as the battle cry of the Indian National Army.
was a Pashtun political and spiritual leader known for This slogan and battle cry most commonly used in
his non-violent opposition to the British Raj in British India in speeches and communications pertaining to
India, and a lifelong pacifist and devout Muslim. He or referring to patriotism towards India (also known
was a close friend of Mahatma Gandhi and has been as Hind).
referred to as the “Frontier Gandhi” by the Indians. 142. (b) J.L. Nehru was invited by Lord Wavell to form
In 1910, he opened a mosque school at his hometown the interim Government in India in 1946. The interim
Utmanzai, and in 1911 joined the freedom movement government of India, formed on 2 September 1946
of Haji Sahib of Turangzai, however, in 1915, the from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of
British authorities banned his mosque school. India, had the task of assisting the transition of India
138. (a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was called the Iron and Pakistan from British rule to independence. It
man of India. Sardar Patel was a man of principles. A remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of
fierce nationalist, he never believed in compromising the independence of the two new nations of India and
Pakistan.
Section B : Geography
1 Astronomy
1. The colour of the star is an indication of its (a) Mercury (b) Venus
(a) Distance from the earth (c) Mars (d) Uranus
(b) Distance from the sun 10. The distance of Moon from the Earth is
(c) Temperature (a) 364 thousand kms.
(d) Luminosity (b) 300 thousand kms.
2. The planet nearest to the sun is (c) 350 thousand kms.
(a) Mercury (b) Earth (d) 446 thousand kms.
(c) Venus (d) Pluto 11. Who discovered the solar system?
3. The group of stars arranged in a definite pattern is
(a) Aryabhatta (b) Newton
called
(c) Copernicus (d) Kepler
(a) Milky way (b) Constellation
12. Which planet was named after the Roman God
(c) Andromeda (d) Solar system
4. The Asteroid belt is found between which of the Zeus?
following? (a) Earth (b) Mars
(a) Earth and Mars (b) Jupiter and Saturn (c) Venus (d) Jupiter
(c) Mars and Jupiter (d) Saturn and Uranus 13. Which of the following planets is smaller in size
5. Which one of the following is the largest satellite than the Earth?
in solar system? (a) Venus (b) Uranus
(a) Ganymede (b) Titan (c) Saturn (d) Neptune
(c) Europa (d) Triton 14. The largest planet in our solar system is
6. Methane is present in the atmosphere of (a) Earth (b) Uranus
(a) Moon (b) Sun (c) Jupiter (d) Saturn
(c) Jupiter (d) Mars 15. Which of the following planets has largest number
7. Which planet takes the longest time to go around of satellites or moons?
the sun? (a) Jupiter (b) Neptune
(a) Earth (b) Jupiter (c) Earth (d) Saturn
(c) Uranus (d) Neptune
16. Which of the following planets is called “Blue
8. The principle of Black hole was enunciated by
planet”?
(a) C.V. Raman
(a) Venus (b) Earth
(b) H.J. Bhabha
(c) S. Chandrashekhar (c) Uranus (d) Mercury
(d) H. Khurana 17. The approximate diameter of Earth is
9. The planet which is called twin sister of the (a) 4200 km (b) 6400 km
Earth is (c) 3400 km (d) 12800 km
B-2 || Astronomy
18. The Earth becomes maximum distance from the 30. Which of the following planets is known as “Red
sun on Planet”?
(a) January 30th (b) December 22nd (a) Earth (b) Mars
(c) September 22 nd
(d) July 4th (c) Jupiter (d) Saturn
19. The Earth rotates around its axis from 31. The planet whose period of rotation is longer
(a) North to South (b) South to North than the period of revolution around the sun is
(c) East to West (d) West to East (a) Mercury (b) Mars
20. Which one of the following is called terrestrial (c) Venus (d) Neptune
planet? 32. The last stage in the life cycle of a star is
(a) Mercury (b) Earth (a) Black Hole (b) Supernova
(c) Mars (d) Saturn (c) Red Giant (d) White Dwarf
21. What is the time taken by the Earth to complete
33. Time taken by Sun’s light to reach Earth is
one rotation on its axis?
(a) 8 min 18 sec (b) 9 min
(a) 23 hr 52 min 4 sec
(c) 9 min 18 sec (d) 6 min 18 sec
(b) 23 hr 56 min 4 sec
(c) 24 hr 34. Time taken by Moon’s light to reach Earth is
(d) 24 hr 12 min 6 sec (a) 58 sec (b) 1.34 sec
22. Which of the following is the nearest star of (c) 1.58 sec (d) 2.32 sec
Earth? 35. Space between Earth and Moon is known as
(a) Sirius (b) Sun (a) Cislunar (b) Fulalunar
(c) Rigel (d) Vega (c) Nebula (d) None of these
23. Which one of the following planets is the 36. Our solar system is located in which Galaxy?
brightest? (a) Peroxima Centauri
(a) Mars (b) Mercury (b) Alpha Centauri
(c) Venus (d) Jupiter (c) Milky Way
24. The mean radius of the Earth is (d) Andromeda
(a) 3200 km (b) 6400 km 37. Which of the following stars is also known as
(c) 8400 km (d) 12800 km Pulsar?
25. Which one of the following planets rotates (a) Red Giant (b) White Dwarf
clockwise? (c) Neutron Star (d) Massive Star
(a) Earth (b) Mars 38. Which of the following stars is known as Fossil
(c) Venus (d) Mercury
star?
26. The nuclear fuel in the Sun is
(a) Protostar (b) Dog Star
(a) Helium (b) Hydrogen
(c) Red Giant (d) White Dwarf
(c) Oxygen (d) Uranium
27. The outermost layer of the sun is called 39. The energy of sun is produced by
(a) Chromosphere (b) Photosphere (a) Nuclear fission (b) Ionisation
(c) Lithosphere (d) Corona (c) Nuclear fusion (d) Oxidation
28. The surface temperature of sun is nearly 40. Which of the following does not belong to solar
(a) 2000 K (b) 4000 K system?
(c) 6000 K (d) 8000 K (a) Asteroids (b) Comets
29. What is meant by the term “Midnight Sun”? (c) Planets (d) Nebulae
(a) Twilight 41. Which one of the following planets is nearest to
(b) Rising sun the earth?
(c) Very bright moon (a) Mercury (b) Venus
(d) Sun shining in the polar circle for long time (c) Mars (d) Uranus
Geography || B-3
42. Cycle of sun spots is 52. Which of the following elements occurs the most
(a) 9 years (b) 10 years abundantly in our universe?
(c) 11 years (d) 12 years (a) Hydrogen (b) Oxygen
43. The group of small pieces of rocks revolving (c) Nitrogen (d) Helium
round the sun between the orbits of Mars and 53. Two planets which have no satellites
Jupiter are called (a) Earth and Uranus
(b) Mercury and Venus
(a) Meteors (b) Comets
(c) Mercury and Mars
(c) Meteorites (d) Asteroids
(d) Venus and Mars
44. Which one of the following conditions is most
54. The Astronaut looks the sky in the space
relevant for the presence of life on mars?
(a) Blue (b) Black
(a) Atmospheric composition
(c) Red (d) White
(b) Thermal conditions
55. The black part of the moon is always calm and
(c) Occurrence of ice cap and frozen water
dark which is called
(d) Occurrence of ozone
(a) Sea of tranquility (b) Ocean of storms
45. Among the following which planet takes
(c) Area of storms (d) None of these
maximum time for one revolution around the
56. What is the most accurate description of the
sun?
shape of the earth ?
(a) Earth (b) Jupiter (a) A circle (b) A sphere
(c) Mars (d) Venus (c) A geoid (d) An oblate sphere
46. Which planet is called “Evening star”? 57. When the earth is at its maximum distance from
(a) Mars (b) Jupiter the sun it is said to be in
(c) Venus (d) Saturn (a) aphelion (b) perihelion
47. The Earth becomes minimum distance from the (c) apogee (d) perigee
sun? 58. What is the primary cause of the day and night ?
(a) 3rd January (b) 4th July (a) Earth’s annual motion
(c) 22nd March (d) 21st September (b) Earth’s daily motion
48. Which planet is surrounded by ring? (c) Inclination of the earth’s axis and its rotation
(a) Saturn (b) Mars (d) Inclination of the earth’s axis and its revolution
(c) Venus (d) Earth 59. What causes the change of seasons ?
49. Lunar eclipse occurs (a) Earth’s rotation and revolution
(a) When moon lies between earth and sun (b) Earth’s revolution
(b) When earth lies between sun and moon (c) Earth’s revolution and inclination of its axis
(c) When sun lies between earth and moon (d) Earth’s rotation and inclination of its axis
(d) None of these 60. How much time does earth take in completing
50. By how much degree the earth is inclined on its one rotation on its axis in relation to sun ?
own Axis (a) 24 hours
(a) 231/2 (b) 661/2 (b) 23 hours 56 minutes
1/2
(c) 24 (d) 691/2 (c) 24 hours 4 minutes
51. The planet Pluto has been abandoned from the (d) 24 hours and 6 minutes
group of conventional planet and kept in the 61. On which planet would one witness sunrise in the
group of dwarf planet by a summit held in west ?
(a) Paris (b) London (a) Jupiter (b) Venus
(c) Geneva (d) Prague (c) Saturn (d) Mercury
B-4 || Astronomy
62. The latitude is the angular distance of a point on 72. The average distance between the sun and earth
the earth’s surface with respect to the is
(a) equator (b) prime meridian (a) 145 million km (b) 150 million km
(c) pole star (d) Tropic of Cancer (c) 155 million km (d) 160 million km
63. The longitude of a place is its 73. What happens when one crosses 180° longitude
(a) angular distance east or west of the prime from east to west ?
meridian (a) One gains a day
(b) angular distance north or south of the (b) One looses a day
equator (c) One neither gains nor looses a day but the
(c) angular distance east or west of International time changes
Date Line (d) There is no change in time or day
(d) angular distance with respect to the pole star 74. The chronometer is used for
64. On which date is the earth in perihelion ? (a) Measuring distance
(a) June 21 (b) Dec 22
(b) Measuring rock-density
(c) January 3 (d) July 4
(c) Keeping correct time
65. The earth is in aphelion on
(d) Measuring earthquakes
(a) June 21 (b) Dec. 22
(c) Sept. 23 (d) July 4 75. Greenwich mean time is ––––––––––– IST.
66. The sun is veritical over the Tropic of Cancer on (a) 5.5 hours ahead (b) 12 hours ahead
(a) March 21 (b) June 21 (c) 4.5 hours behind (d) 5.5 hours behind
(c) Sept. 23 (d) Dec. 22 76. What is the unit of measurement of distance
67. What is most important about the Arctic and the between celestial bodies ?
Antarctic circles ? (a) Nautical mile (b) Statute mile
(a) Within these circle only can the days and (c) Light year (d) Kilometre
nights be longer than 24 hours 77. On the surface of the moon
(b) The days and nights are never more than 24 (a) the mass of an object is more but it weighs
hours long here lesser
(c) Both areas frozen continents (b) the mass and weight both remain unchanged
(d) Both regions are uninhabited (c) the mass is the same but the weight is lesser
68. What is true about the equinox ? (d) the mass is more but the weight is lesser
(a) Vertical sun over the Tropic of Cancer 78. How much time does the light from the nearest
(b) Vertical sun over the Tropic of Capricorn star take in reaching the earth ?
(c) Vertical sun over the equator (a) 12 minutes (b) 4.3 minutes
(d) Continuous day in the polar regions
(c) 4.3 hours (d) 4.3 years
69. How much is the mass of the moon when
79. How much is the approximate time gap between
compared with that of the earth ?
two successive high tides ?
(a) 1/49 (b) 1/81
(a) 6 hours (b) 9 hours
(c) 1/51 (d) 1/8
(c) 11.5 hours (d) 12.5 hours
70. How much of the total surface area of the moon
80. The shortest route between two places is along
is never visible from the earth
the
(a) 41 per cent (b) 47 per cent
(a) latitudes (b) longitudes
(c) 53 per cent (d) 59 per cent
(c) rivers (d) direction of winds
71. The average distance between the moon and the
81. To a space traveller on moon, the sky in day
earth’s
appears
(a) 384,000 km (b) 267,000 km
(a) white (b) black
(c) 540,000 km (d) 576,000 km
(c) blue (d) red
Geography || B-5
ANSWER KEY
1. (c) 11. (c) 21. (b) 31. (c) 41. (b) 51. (d) 61 (b) 71 (a) 81 (b)
2. (a) 12. (d) 22. (b) 32. (d) 42. (c) 52. (a) 62 (a) 72 (b)
3. (b) 13. (a) 23. (c) 33. (a) 43. (d) 53. (b) 63 (a) 73 (a)
4. (c) 14. (c) 24. (b) 34. (b) 44. (c) 54. (b) 64 (c) 74 (c)
5. (a) 15. (a) 25. (c) 35. (a) 45. (b) 55. (a) 65 (d) 75 (d)
6. (c) 16. (b) 26. (b) 36. (c) 46. (c) 56 (d) 66 (b) 76 (c)
7. (d) 17. (d) 27. (d) 37. (c) 47. (a) 57 (a) 67 (a) 77 (c)
8. (c) 18. (b) 28. (c) 38. (d) 48. (a) 58 (b) 68 (c) 78 (d)
9. (b) 19. (d) 29. (d) 39. (c) 49. (b) 59 (c) 69 (b) 79 (d)
10. (a) 20. (a) 30. (b) 40. (d) 50. (a) 60 (a) 70 (a) 80 (b)
Hints & Solutions

1. (c) The colour of the star is an indication of its Jupiter. Completing an orbit in roughly seven days,
temperature. The glowing is caused by something Ganymede participates in a 1:2:4 orbital resonance
called Black-Body radiation, which has to do with with the moons Europa and Io, respectively. It has
the heat energy trying to radiate away in more and a diameter of 5,268 km (3,273 mi), 8% larger than
more energetic wavelengths. Red stars are relatively that of the planet Mercury, but has only 45% of the
cool at only a few thousand degrees Celsius, white latter’s mass.
stars are hot at about ten thousand degrees, and blue 6. (c) Methane is present in the atmosphere of
stars are the hottest. Jupiter. The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest
2. (a) The planet nearest to the sun is mercury. planetary atmosphere in the Solar System. It is
Mercury is the smallest and closest to the Sun of the mostly made of molecular hydrogen and helium
eight planets in the Solar System, with an orbital in roughly solar proportions; other chemical
period of about 88 Earth days. compounds are present only in small amounts and
include methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and
3. (b) The group of stars arranged in a definite pattern
water.
is called constellation. In modern astronomy, a
7. (d) Neptune takes the longest time to go around
constellation is an internationally defined area of
the sun. Neptune orbits the Sun at an average
the celestial sphere. These areas are grouped around
distance of 4.5 billion km. Like all the planets in
asterisms, which are patterns formed by prominent the Solar System, Neptune follows an elliptical path
stars within apparent proximity to one another on around the Sun, varying its distance to the Sun at
Earth’s night sky. different points along its orbit.
4. (c) The Asteroid belt is found between Mars and 8. (c) The principle of Black hole was enunciated
Jupiter. The large majority of known asteroids orbit by S. Chandrashekhar. A Black Hole is a region of
in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and space-time from which gravity prevents anything,
Jupiter, or are co-orbital with Jupiter. including light, from escaping. The theory of
5. (a) Ganymede is the largest satellite in solar general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact
system. Ganymede is a satellite of Jupiter and the mass will deform spacetime to form a black hole.
largest moon in the Solar System. It is the seventh Around a black hole, there is a mathematically
moon and third Galilean satellite outward from defined surface called an event horizon that marks
B-6 || Astronomy
the point of no return. The hole is called “black” 17. (d) The approximately diameter of Earth is 12800
because it absorbs all the light that hits the horizon, km. The rotation of the planet has slightly flattened
reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body in it out, so it has a larger diameter at the equator than
thermodynamics. at the poles. The equatorial diameter of Earth is
9. (b) The planet which is called twin sister of 12,756 km, its polar diameter is 12,713 km, and its
earth is Venus. Venus is known as the Earth’s twin average diameter, which is referred to in common
because of its similar size, chemical composition usage, is 12,742 km or 7,926 miles.
and density. However, due to its toxic atmosphere, 18. (b) The Earth becomes maximum distance from
Venus is not habitable.
the sun on 22nd December. The aphelion is the point
10. (a) The distance of moon from the Earth is 364
in the orbit of a planet or comet where it is farthest
thousands kms. The Moon is the only natural
satellite of the Earth and the fifth largest moon in from the Sun. The Earth reaches its aphelion when
the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite of the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer.
a planet in the Solar System relative to the size of 19. (d) The Earth rotates around its axis from west to
its primary, having 27% the diameter and 60% the east. Earth’s rotation is the rotation of the solid Earth
density of Earth, resulting in 1⁄81 its mass. around its own axis. The Earth rotates from the west
11. (c) Copernicus discovered the solar system. towards the east. As viewed from the North Star or
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polestar Polaris, the Earth turns counter-clockwise.
mathematician and astronomer who formulated a 20. (a) Mercury is called terrestrial planet. There are
heliocentric model of the universe which placed the four terrestrial planets in our Solar System: Mercury,
Sun, rather than the Earth, at the center. Venus, Earth, and Mars.
12. (d) Jupiter was named on the Roman God Zeus. 21. (b) The time taken by the Earth to complete one
Zeus is the “Father of Gods and men” who rules the
rotation on its axis is 23 hr-56 min 4 sec.
Olympians of Mount Olympus as a father rules the
25. (c) The planet Venus rotates clock wise. On Venus,
family according to the ancient Greek religion. He
the rotation is backwards, or clockwise, which is
is the God of sky and thunder in Greek mythology.
Zeus is etymologically cognate with and, under called retrograde. Standing on the surface of Venus,
Hellenic influence, became particularly closely one would be able to see the sun rising from the
identified with Roman Jupiter. west.
13. (a) Venus is smaller in size than the Earth. 26. (b) The nuclear fuel in the sun is Hydrogen.
Diameter of earth is12,742 km while that of Venus Actually the sun isn’t “burning,” but instead its heat
is12,100 km and light comes from its core where the element
14. (c) The largest planet in our solar system is hydrogen is continuously being converted into the
Jupiter. Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and element helium. This known as nuclear fusion and
the largest planet in the Solar System. It is a gas is basically the same thing a hydrogen bomb does.
giant with mass one-thousandth of that of the Sun 27. (d) The outermost layer of the sun is called
but is two and a half times the mass of all the other corona. A corona is a type of plasma that surrounds
planets in the Solar System combined. the Sun and other celestial bodies. The Sun’s corona
15. (a) Jupiter has largest number of satellites or extends millions of kilometers into space and is
moons. The planet Jupiter has 67 confirmed moons. most easily seen during a total solar eclipse, but it is
This gives it the largest retinue of moons with also observable with a coronagraph.
“reasonably secure” orbits of any planet in the Solar 30. (b) Mars is known as Red planet. Mars is the
System. fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest
16. (b) Earth is called the ‘Blue Planet’ due to the planet in the Solar System. Named after the Roman
abundant water on its surface. This is because liquid God of war, it is often described as the “Red Planet”
water covers most of the surface of the planet. The because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives
Earth has the right mass, chemical composition, and it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet
location can support liquid water. with a thin atmosphere, having surface features
Geography || B-7
reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon 48. (a) Saturn is surrounded by ring. Saturn has a ring
and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and polar ice around it because it is believed to be very big and
caps of Earth. has lots of moons, meaning it has a strong pull of
31. (c) Venus is the planet whose period of rotation gravity. Another major reason is that the asteroids
is longer than the period of revolution around the fling into its orbit and the rings are not solid.
sun. The period of rotation for Venus is 243 days. In
51. (d) The planet Pluto has been declared as a dwarf
other words, Venus takes 243 days to turn once on
its axis so that the stars are in the same position in planet in the summit held in Prague. In August
the sky. 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU)
32. (d) The last stage in the life circle of a star is downgraded the status of Pluto to that of “dwarf
white dwarf. Small stars, like the Sun, will undergo planet.” This means that from now on only the
a relatively peaceful and beautiful death that sees rocky worlds of the inner Solar System and the
them pass through a planetary nebula phase to gas giants of the outer system will be designated as
become a white dwarf. planets.
35. (a) Space between Earth and Moon is known as 54. (b) The sky looks black from the space. In space,
Cislunar. Pertaining to the space between the earth sunlight or any kind of star light does not have
and the orbit of the moon. anything from which to bounce off.
36. (c) Our solar system is located in Milky Way 55. (a) The black part of the moon is called sea of
Galaxy. The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains tranquility. Sea of tranquility is not an actual sea but
our Solar System. Its name “milky” is derived rather the point at which Apollo 11 first landed on
from its appearance as a dim glowing band arching
when it reached the moon. It is a lunar mare which
across the night sky in which the naked eye cannot
mainly consists of basalt rock and is located on the
distinguish individual stars.
Tranquillitatis basin which is on the Moon. The
37. (c) Neutron star is also known as Pulsar. A neutron
star is a type of stellar remnant that can result from mare has a tint which is slightly blue in colour and
the gravitational collapse of a massive star. stands out from the rest of the moon.
38. (d) White Dwarf is known as Fossil star. They 59. (c) The revolution of the earth around the sun
are supported by electron degeneracy pressure. It alone is not enough for change of seasons. Had
amplifies the contrast with red giants. They are the axis of the earth been vertical, the sun would
both very hot and very small. They are the opposite have been vertical at the same latitude throughout
of black holes. They are the end-products of small, the year. Therefore the revolution of the earth and
low-mass stars. its inclination, both are necessary for the change of
43. (d) The group of small pieces of rocks revolving seasons.
round the sun between the orbits of mars and Jupiter 61. (b) The direction of the sunrise depends upon
are called Asteroids. the direction of the rotation of the earth on its axis.
45. (b) Jupiter takes maximum time for one revolution
Any planet rotation on its axis from west to east
around the sun. Jupiter revolves or orbits around the
will experience sunrise in the east and viceversa.
Sun once every 11.86 Earth years, or once every
4,330.6 Earth days. Jupiter travels at an average Venus rotates on its axis from east to west and thus
speed of 29,236 miles. experiences sunrise in the west.
46. (c) Venus is called the Evening star. Because it 80. (b) The shortest ditance between two places on
trails the Sun in the sky and brightens into view the earth surface is along the Great Circles. The
immediately after the Sun sets and when the sky property of a great circle is that a plane passed along
is dark enough. When Venus is at its brightest, it it passes through the centre of the earth and divides
appears visible merely minutes after the Sun has set. it into two equal parts or hemispheres. Among the
47. (a) The Earth shows minimum distance from the latitudes only the equator is a great circle while
Sun on 3rd January. among longitudes all of them are great circles.
2 Physical Geography
1. The Indian subcontinent was originally part of a (a) Aravalli (b) Andes
huge mass called (c) Black Forest (d) Caucasus
(a) Indian (b) Aryavarta 11. The biggest island of the Indian Ocean is
(c) Angaraland (d) Gondwana land (a) Maldives (b) Madagascar
2. Which one of the following is not a metamorphic (c) Lakshadweep (d) Sumatra
rock? 12. Which one of the following ocean currents is
(a) Geneiss (b) Conglomerate different from others?
(c) Quartzite (d) Schist
(a) Gulf stream
3. Which one of the following is the dominant
element of the earth crust? (b) Kuroshivo
(a) Aluminium (b) Iron (c) North Atlantic Drift
(c) Oxygen (d) Silicon (d) Labrador
4. The mouth of a volcano is known as 13. Gutenberg discontinuity separates
(a) Glacier (b) Cone (a) Crust from the upper mantle
(c) Crater (d) Pipe (b) Upper mantle from lower mantle
5. The highest salinity is found in which of the (c) Lower mantle from outer core
following lakes? (d) Outer core from the inner core
(a) Van Lake (b) Dead sea 14. The height of tropopause towards poles
(c) Balkash lake (d) Baikal lake (a) Increases (b) Remains constant
6. Which one of the following is a temperate desert?
(c) Decreases (d) Varies at a point
(a) Arabian desert (b) Atacama desert
(c) Kalahari desert (d) Patagonian desert 15. In which of the following eras the earth was
7. The deepest lake of the world is nearly covered with snow and ice?
(a) Baikal (b) Crater (a) Cretaceous Era (b) Pliocene Era
(c) Nyasa (d) Tanganyika (c) Pleistocene Era (d) Tertiary Era
8. The terms longitude and latitude were first used by 16. Earth’s Albedo is largely affected by
(a) Herodotus (b) Eratosthenese (a) Cloudiness
(c) Posidonius (d) Ptolemy (b) Dust particles in atmosphere
9. Which one of the following sea is the largest in (c) Atmospheric layer
area? (d) Nature of the earth’s surface
(a) Sea of Okhotsk (b) Sea of Japan 17. The largest volume and mass of the earth is found
(c) Sea of China (d) Bering Sea in
10. Which one of the following is an example of a (a) Crust (b) Mantle
block mountain? (c) Outer core (d) Inner core
Geography || B-9
18. Which of the following is not chemical 29. A hot local wind blowing in Sahara desert is
weathering? known as
(a) Oxidation (b) Hydrolysis (a) Haboob (b) Karaburan
(c) Freezing (d) Carbonization (c) Jooran (d) Harmattan
19. Ox-bow lake is a feature formed by 30. Break up of Gondwana land mass started during
(a) River erosion in youthful stage the period of
(b) Transportation action of the river (a) Permian (b) Jurassic
(c) River erosion in mature stage (c) Cretaceous (d) Triassic
(d) Deposition in old stage of a river 31. Tsunamis are mainly produced by
20. Fog is a phenomenon indicating (a) Subaerial earthquakes
(a) Low average temperature (b) Submarine earthquakes
(b) Normal lapse of temperature (c) Cyclones
(c) Inversion of temperature (d) Tides
(d) High average temperature 32. Bhabar is an example of
21. The clockwise movement of winds in the cyclones (a) Panplane (b) Piedmont plain
of southern hemisphere is mainly caused by (c) Till plain (d) Deltaic plain
(a) Centrifugal force (b) Deflective force 33. Which one of the following is not related to plate
(c) Frictional force (d) Pressure force Tectonic Theory?
22. Which one of the following currents has a (a) Continental drift
warming influence on the neighbouring coast? (b) Pole wandering
(a) Benguela (b) Agulhas (c) Transform fault
(c) Canaries (d) Oyasio (d) Sea floor spreading
23. Which one of the following local winds is 34. Telegraph plateau is a part of
different from the other three? (a) North Atlantic Ridge
(a) Khamsin (b) Foehn (b) South Atlantic Ridge
(c) Sirocco (d) Mistral (c) Indian Ocean Ridge
24. The hail is generally associated with which of the (d) South Pacific Ridge
following clouds? 35. Which one of the following is different from
(a) Cirrus (b) Cumulus others?
(c) Cumulo-nimbus (d) Stratus (a) Canary current
25. Which one is not a depositional land form
(b) Mozambique current
developed by the running water?
(c) Oyashio current
(a) River terraces (b) Alluvial
(d) Falkland current
(c) Natural levees (d) Delta
36. Which one of the following geological periods
26. Which one of the following is not a tropical
was frequented by increased volcanic activities?
desert?
(a) Cretaceous period (b) Ordovician period
(a) Atacama (b) Arabia
(c) Jurassic period (d) Miocene period
(c) Gobi (d) Kalahari
37. Which of the following pairs is most suitable for
27. Thunderstorms are associated with
ascertaining the origin of the rocks?
(a) Cumulus clouds
(a) Colour and shape
(b) Cumulonimbus clouds
(b) Size and weight
(c) Cirrus clouds
(c) Density and hardness
(d) Stratus clouds
(d) Structure and composition
28. Which one of the following seas is the shallowest?
38. The ratio between meridian and equator on globe is
(a) Baltic (b) Black
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1
(c) Yellow (d) North
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 2 : 1
B-10 || Physical Geography
39. The continent through which both the tropic of 49. Which one of the following is a warm ocean
cancer and the Tropic of capricorn pass is current?
(a) North America (b) Asia (a) East Australian current
(c) Africa (d) Europe (b) West Australian current
40. Where is the Blind valley found? (c) Benguela current
(a) River valley region (d) Peru current
(b) Arid region 50. Radioactive dating is a technique which can be
(c) Karst region used to measure
(d) Glacier region (a) The age of rocks
41. During volcanic eruption deposition of lava in (b) Composition of rocks
anticlines and synclines of folded mountains
(c) Colour of rocks
accounts for formation of
(d) Weight of rocks
(a) Phacolith (b) Lopolith
51. Rift valley is formed by
(c) Batholith (d) Lacolith
42. When following fissures in the rocks, its both (a) Earthquake (b) Folding
parts slide in front and one part slides over the (c) Faulting (d) All of these
other, the resulting feature is 52. Which one among the following is a primary
(a) Lateral fault (b) Step fault rock?
(c) Reverse fault (d) Normal fault (a) Sedimentary rock
43. Atmospheric layer which reflects radio waves is (b) Igneous rock
called (c) Metamorphic rock
(a) Exosphere (b) Ionosphere (d) None of these
(c) Stratosphere (d) Troposphere 53. Granite and Basalt are the examples of which of
44. Which one of the following is related to the origin the following?
of folded mountains? (a) Sedimentary rock
(a) Accreting plate margin (b) Metamorphic rock
(b) Consuming plate margin (c) Igneous rock
(c) Conserving plate margin (d) Calcareous rock
(d) Intra plate zone 54. Epicentre is concerned with
45. The layer of the atmosphere which contains dust (a) Earthquake (b) Volcano
particles and water vapour is called
(c) Cyclone (d) Land sliding
(a) Stratosphere (b) Troposphere
55. Gulf stream is
(c) Ionosphere (d) Mesosphere
(a) A river in the Gulf
46. Which of the following does not affect the
distribution of insolution? (b) An ocean current
(a) Altitude (c) A second name of jet stream
(b) Angle of sun’s rays (d) A local wind
(c) Length of the day 56. Who divided the interior of the earth in
(d) Ocean currents Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere and
47. Tropopause separates Centrosphere?
(a) Troposphere and ozonosphere (a) Suess (b) Kelvin
(b) Stratosphere and Troposphere (c) Daily (d) None of these
(c) Stratosphere and Ionosphere 57. U-shaped valley develops in
(d) Troposphere and Ionosphere (a) Karst region (b) Glacial region
48. Which one of the following ocean tides is caused (c) Desert region (d) All of these
by biological factors? 58. Which of the following is not igneous rock?
(a) Neap tide (b) Red tide (a) Granite (b) Conglomerate
(c) Apogean tide (d) Perigean tide (c) Basalt (d) Rhyolite
Geography || B-11
59. Landscapes, developed due to Rejuvenation 70. Tropical cyclones in Australia are called
activity are called (a) Willy willy (b) Hurricanes
(a) Polycyclic landscapes (c) Easterly waves (d) Typhoons
(b) Monocyclic landscape 71. Which of the following rocks is not likely to
(c) Mixed landscape contain fossils?
(d) Compound landscape (a) Conglomerate (b) Granite
60. The concept of sea floor spreading was first (c) Shale (d) Sandstone
propounded by 72 What does the term ‘sial’ refer to ?
(a) F.B. Taylor (b) Harry Hess (a) Earth’s surface layer
(c) Lowthian Green (d) A. Holmes (b) The core part of the earth
61. Which of the following land forms is not formed (c) Ocean bottom rocks
by wind action? (d) A rock which is rich in calcium
(a) Stone Latice 73. ‘Nife’ refers to
(b) Mushroom or Gara (a) innermost layer of the earth
(c) Sand Bars (b) outermost layer of the earth
(d) Inselberg (c) intermediate layer of the earth
62. Coral reef extending along with eastern coast of (d) none of the above
Australia is 74. Limestome is an example of
(a) Fringing reef (b) Barrier reef (a) sedimentary rocks (b) metamorphic rocks
(c) Atoll (d) Coral island (c) igneous rocks (d) volcanic rocks
63. Volcanic eruptions do not occurs in the 75. Isoseismal lines join places
(a) Baltic sea (b) Black sea (a) experiencing no earthquake
(c) Caribbean sea (d) Caspian sea
(b) experiencing the same intensity of the
64. Quartzite is metamorphosed from
earthquake
(a) Limestone (b) Obsidian
(c) experiencing the earthquake for the same
(c) Sandstone (d) Shale
65. Among oceanic trenches the deepest trench is duration
(a) Kurile trench (b) Japan trench (d) experiencing an earthquake at the same time
(c) Mariana trench (d) Tonga trench 76. The groovings are formed
66. In which form is atmospheric humidity (a) through stream deposition
expressed? (b) through wind deposition
(a) Absolute humidity (c) through glacial erosion
(b) Specific humidity (d) through river erosion
(c) Relative humidity 77. Karst landforms are made by
(d) All of these (a) waves in coastal areas
67. The process of water vapour changing to the (b) wind in the semi-arid regions
liquid state (water) is called (c) water in limestone regions
(a) Sublimation (b) Transpiration (d) glaciers in the coasal regions
(c) Condensation (d) Dew 78. Hanging valleys are associated with
68. Black Forest mountain is an example of (a) winds action (b) glacial action
(a) Folded mountain (c) wave action (d) river action
(b) Block mountain 79. Bays and gulfs are usually made by the erosional
(c) Volcanic mountain work of
(d) Residual mountain (a) waves (b) large streams
69. Jet stream is (c) coastal glaciers (d) underground water
(a) Fast blowing westerlies in upper part of 80. The drip stones are found in
Troposphere. (b) Ocean current (a) glaciated regions (b) limestone caverns
(c) Monsoon winds (d) None of these (c) desert regions (d) wave eroded areas
81. A large body of air having fairly uniform 91. In a cyclone in northern hemisphere winds blow
temperature and humidity etc. is called (a) anticlockwise
(a) a cyclone (b) an anticyclone (b) clockwise
(c) an air mass (d) an air parcel (c) straight centreward
82. What is the most important element of climate ? (d) radially outward
(a) Rainfall (b) Temperature 92. When air temperature rises ralative humidity
(c) Pressure (d) Humidity (a) increases
83. Ozone content is maximum in areas (b) decreases
(a) near equator (c) does not change
(b) polewards of 50 degree latitude (d) may increase or decrease
(c) near the tropics 93. Jet stream is a
(d) equatorward of 25 degree latitude (a) high velocity warm current in Atlantic
84. Which layer of atmosphere is vital for tele- Ocean
commnications? (b) high velocity local surface wind
(a) Troposphere (b) Thermosphere (c) high velocity upper tropospheric wind
(c) Stratosphere (d) Ionosphere (d) high velocity current of water in a stream
85. The coriollis effect is produced by 94. Tropopause acts as a separator between
(a) pressure gradient (a) earth and the troposphere
(b) earth’s revolution (b) troposphere and stratosphere
(c) earth’s rotation (c) mesosphere and exosphere
(d) earth’s rotation and revolution (d) stratosphere and ionosphere
86. The velocity of the winds is determined by 95. The Great Barrier Reef is located at the
(a) pressure gradient (a) East Australian coast
(b) pressure gradient and humidity (b) Andaman and Nicobar coast
(c) coriollis effect (c) West Australian coast
(d) pressure and earth’s rotation (d) Mouth of Gulf and Cambay
87. Roaring forties are the
96. Humboldt Current flows
(a) High velocity trade winds
(a) southwards in western Pacific Ocean
(b) High velocity westerly winds
(b) northwards in eastern Pacific Ocean
(c) High velocity polar winds
(c) southwards in eastern Pacific Ocean
(d) High mangitude tidal waves due to high
(d) northwards in western Pacific Ocean
wind velocity
97. Canaries Current flows along
88. The mistral is experienced in
(a) Brazilian coast (b) Peruvian coast
(a) Southern France (b) Iran and Iraq
(c) California (c) East African coast (d) West African coast
(d) Northern Adriatic coast 98. The Agulhas Current flows in
89. The sky looks blue because of (a) Indian Ocean (b) Pacific Ocean
(a) Selective absorption of radiation by (c) Atlantic Ocean (d) Southern Ocean
atmosphere 99. The colour of Yellow Sea is the result of
(b) Selective scattering of radiation by (a) industrial pollution.
atmosphere (b) peculiar types of phytoplankton growing
(c) Reflection of blue colour of the oceans there.
(d) Absorption of blue light in the atmosphere (c) loess brought by Hwang-he river.
90. A cyclone is an area of (d) high sulphur content in the bottom rocks.
(a) low pressure surrounded by high pressure 100. What is the most abundant component of salts in
(b) high pressure surrounded by low pressure sea ?
(c) air divergence (a) Calcium (b) Sodium
(d) air subsidence (c) Chlorine (d) Potassium
Geography || B-13
ANSWER KEY
1. (d) 11. (b) 21. (b) 31. (b) 41. (a) 51. (c) 61. (c) 71. (b) 81. (c) 91. (a)
2. (b) 12. (d) 22. (b) 32. (b) 42. (c) 52. (b) 62. (b) 72. (a) 82. (b) 92. (b)
3. (c) 13. (c) 23. (d) 33. (b) 43. (b) 53. (c) 63. (a) 73. (a) 83. (b) 93. (c)
4. (c) 14. (c) 24. (c) 34. (a) 44. (b) 54. (a) 64. (c) 74. (a) 84. (d) 94. (b)
5. (a) 15. (c) 25. (a) 35. (b) 45. (b) 55. (b) 65. (c) 75. (b) 85. (c) 95. (a)
6. (d) 16. (a) 26. (c) 36. (a) 46. (d) 56. (c) 66. (d) 76. (d) 86. (a) 96. (b)
7. (a) 17. (b) 27. (b) 37. (d) 47. (b) 57. (b) 67. (c) 77. (c) 87. (b) 97. (d)
8. (b) 18. (c) 28. (c) 38. (d) 48. (b) 58. (b) 68. (b) 78. (b) 88. (a) 98. (a)
9. (a) 19. (c) 29. (d) 39. (c) 49. (a) 59. (a) 69. (a) 79. (a) 89. (b) 99. (c)
10. (c) 20. (c) 30. (c) 40. (c) 50. (a) 60. (b) 70. (a) 80. (b) 90. (a) 100. (c)
Hints & Solutions

1. (d) The Indian sub-continent was originally region of Siberia, between the Irkutsk Oblast to the
part of a huge mass called Gondwana land. northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast.
In paleogeography, Gondwana, originally 8. (b) The terms longitude and latitude were first
Gondwanaland, is the name given to the more used by Eratosthenese. Eratosthenes of Cyrene
southerly of two supercontinents which were part was a Greek mathematician, geographer, poet,
of the Pangaea supercontinent that existed from astronomer, and music theorist. He was a man of
approximately 510 to 180 million years ago. learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library
2. (b) Conglomerate is not a metamorphic rock. of Alexandria.
Conglomerate is a rock consisting of individual 9. (a) Bering sea is the largest in area. The Bering Sea
clasts within a finer-grained matrix that have is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises a
become cemented together. Conglomerates are deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow
sedimentary rocks consisting of rounded fragments slope into the shallower water above the continental
shelves.
and are thus differentiated from breccias, which
10. (c) Black Forest is an example of a block mountain.
consist of angular clasts.
The Black Forest is a wooded mountain range in
5. (a) The highest salinity is found in Lake Van. Lake
Baden-Wurttemberg, southwestern Germany. It is
Van is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far
bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south.
east of the country in Van district. It is a saline soda
The highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation
lake, receiving water from numerous small streams of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft). The region is almost
that descend from the surrounding mountains. rectangular with a length of 160 km (99 mi) and
6. (d) Patagonian desert is a temperature desert. The breadth of up to 60 km (37 mi).
Patagonian Desert, also known as the Patagonia 11. (b) The biggest Island of the Indian ocean is
Desert or the Patagonian Steppe, is the largest Madagascar. Madagascar, officially the Republic of
desert in Argentina and is the 7th largest desert Madagascar and previously known as the Malagasy
in the world by area, occupying 673,000 square Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean,
kilometers. off the coast of Southeast Africa.
7. (a) The deepest lake of the world is Baikal. Lake 12. (d) Labrador is different from other ocean
Baikal is a rift lake in the south of the Russian currents. It is cold in nature. The Labrador Current
is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean which 32. (b) Bhabar is an example of piedmont plain.
flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast 33. (b) Pole wandering is not related to plate tectonic
of Labrador and passes around Newfoundland, theory.
continuing south along the east coast of Nova 34. (a) Telegraph plateau is a part of North Atlantic
Scotia. Ridge.
15. (c) The earth was nearly covered with snow and ice 35. (b) Mozambique current is different from the
in pleistocene Era. The Pleistocene is the geological others. The Mozambique Current is an ocean current
epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 in the Indian Ocean, usually defined as warm surface
years ago, spanning the world’s recent period of waters flowing south along the African east coast in
repeated glaciations. the Mozambique Channel, between Mozambique
19. (c) Ox-bow lake is a feature formed by River and the island of Madagascar.
erosion in mature stage. An ox-bow is a crescent- 40. (c) The Blind valley is found in the karst region.
shaped lake lying alongside a winding river. The Karst topography is a geological formation shaped
ox-bow lake is created over time as erosion and by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble
deposits of soil change the river’s course. bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone
22. (b) Agulhas currents has a warming influence on or dolomite, but also in gypsum.
the neighbouring coast. The Agulhas Current is the 41. (a) During volcanic eruption deposition of lava
western boundary current of the southwest Indian in anticlines and synclines of folded mountains
Ocean. It flows down the east coast of Africa from accounts for formation of phacolith. A phacolith is
27°S to 40°S. It is narrow, swift and strong. a pluton parallel to the bedding plane or foliation
23. (d) Mistral the local wind is different from the of folded country rock. More specifically, it is a
others. The mistral is a strong, cold and usually dry
typically lens-shaped pluton that occupies either the
regional wind in France, coming from the north
crest of an anticline or the trough of a syncline.
or northwest, which accelerates when it passes
42. (c) When the following fissures in the rocks it’s
through the valleys of the Rhone and the Durance
both parts slide in front and one part slides over the
Rivers to the coast of the Mediterranean around the
Camargue region. other, the resulting feature is Reverse fault. Reverse
24. (c) The hail is generally associated with the faults are exactly the opposite of normal faults. If
cumulo-nimbus clouds. Cumulonimbus, from the the hanging wall rises relative to the footwall, you
Latin cumulus (“heap”) and nimbus (“rainstorm”, have a reverse fault.
“storm cloud”), is a dense towering vertical cloud 43. (b) Atmospheric layer which reflects radio waves
associated with thunderstorms and atmospheric is called Ionosphere. The ionosphere is a region
instability, forming from water vapour carried by of the upper atmosphere, from about 85 km (53
powerful upward air currents. mi) to 600 km (370 mi) altitude, and includes the
26. (c) Gobi is not a tropical desert. It is a temperate thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and
desert partly located in northern China and partly in exosphere. It is distinguished because it is ionized
Mongolia. by solar radiation. It plays an important part in
28. (c) Yellow sea is the shallowest about 44 meter. atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge
29. (d) A hot local wind blowing in sahara desert is of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance
known as Harmattan. The Harmattan is a dry and because, among other functions, it influences radio
dusty West African trade wind. This northeasterly propagation to distant places on the Earth.
wind blows from the Sahara into the Gulf of Guinea 49. (a) East Australian current is a warm ocean current
between the end of November and the middle of that moves warm water from the tropical Coral Sea,
March. The temperatures can be as low as 3 degrees where it splits from the South Equatorial Current,
Celsius down the east coast of Australia.
30. (c) During the period of cretaceous era break up 51. (c) Rift valley is formed by faulting. A rift
of Gondwana land mass started. valley is a linear-shaped lowland between several
31. (b) Tsunamis are mainly produced by submarine highlands or mountain ranges created by the action
earthquakes. of a geologic rift or fault.
Geography || B-15
55. (b) Gulf stream is a warm ocean current originated 65. (c) Mariana trench is the deepest trench located in
from the eastern coast of North America. The the pacific ocean near Japan. The Mariana Trench or
Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension Marianas Trench is the deepest part (11 km) of the
towards Europe, the North Atlantic Drift, is a world’s oceans. It is located in the western Pacific
powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean current Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands.
that originates at the tip of Florida, and follows 69. (a) Jet stream is fast blowing westerlies in upper
part of troposphere. Jet streams are fast flowing,
the eastern coastlines of the United States and
narrow air currents found in the atmospheres of
Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
some planets, including Earth. The main jet streams
57. (b) U-shaped valley develops in the Glacial
are located near the tropopause, the transition
region. Ice causes friction on the sides of the valley. between the troposphere (where temperature
60. (b) The concept of sea floor spreading was first decreases with altitude) and the stratosphere (where
propounded by Harry Hess. Harry Hammond Hess temperature increases with altitude).
was a geologist and United States Navy officer in 70. (a) Tropical cyclones in Australia are called Willy-
World War II. Considered one of the “founding willy. Willy willy is a small windstorm that mostly
fathers” of the unifying theory of plate tectonics, occurs in dry, outback areas. The term Willy Willy
Rear Admiral Harry Hammond Hess was born on is of Aboriginal origin. Willy willies are normally
May 24, 1906 in New York City. tropical cyclones.
61. (c) Sand Bars is not formed by wind action. 71. (b) Fossils are found only in the sedimentary
A long mass or low ridge of submerged or partially rocks or the metamorphic rocks made from the
exposed sand built up in the water along a shore or sedimentaries. Granite is an igneous rock and hence
beach by the action of waves or currents. contains no fossils.
82. (b) Although temperature, pressure and humidity,
62. (b) Coral reef, the Great Barrier Reef extending
all are important elements of weather and climate,
along with eastern coast of Australia. The Great
the temperature is the basis of all these as all other
Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system elements directily or indirectly depend upon it.
composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 84. (d) The ionosphere makes the radio
islands stretching for over 2,600 kilometres over an communications possible by virtue to the fact this
area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres. layer reflects the radio singnals back to the earth.
3 Economic Geography
1. More than one-third of the crude steel production 10. The leading producer of both rice and wheat in
of the world comes from the world is
(a) China (b) Japan (a) China (b) India
(c) Russia (d) U.S.A. (c) Russia (d) U.S.A.
2. The largest proven oil reserve of the world lies in 11. Which one of the following countries is credited
(a) Venezuela (b) Saudi Arabia with the establishment of uranium city?
(c) Iran (d) Iraq (a) Australia (b) Russia
3. Peanuts are the main crop of (c) Canada (d) U.S.A
(a) Georgia (b) Gambia 12. Kimberley is famous for
(c) Ghana (d) Guatemala (a) Gold Mining (b) Diamond mining
4. Which of the following countries is the largest (c) Steel industry (d) Automobile industry
producer of diamond? 13. Donbas region is famous for
(a) Australia (b) Venezuela (a) Iron ore (b) Coal
(c) Russia (d) Botswana
(c) Copper ore (d) Gold
5. The Ruhr basin is the famous industrial region of
14. The country at the top in terms of percentage of
(a) China (b) Japan
total coffee production in the world is
(c) Germany (d) United Kingdom
(a) Colombia (b) Brazil
6. In an area with annual rainfall of more than 200
(c) India (d) Ethiopia
cm and sloping hills which crop will be ideal?
(a) Jute (b) Cotton 15. Geothermal energy is basically
(c) Maize (d) Tea (a) Non-renewable (b) Renewable
7. Which soil needs little irrigation as it retains soil (c) Biotic (d) Non-cyclic
moisture? 16. Which one of the following is a fossil source of
(a) Alluvial soil (b) Black soil energy?
(c) Red soil (d) Laterite soil (a) Wood (b) Solar radiation
8. Monoculture is a distinct characteristic of (c) Tidal waves (d) Petroleum
(a) Commercial grain farming 17. Which one of the following is the second leading
(b) Shifting cultivation exporter of petroleum after Saudi Arabia?
(c) Subsistence farming (a) Norway (b) U.A.E.
(d) Organic farming (c) Russia (d) Venezuela
9. The largest producer of wine in the world is 18. The largest producer of copper in the world is
(a) France (b) Italy (a) Australia (b) Chile
(c) Spain (d) U.S.A. (c) Peru (d) U.S.A.
Geography || B-17
19. Chena cultivation is found in (c) Local market facility

(a) Combodia (b) Indonesia (d) Local supply of cheap labour
(c) Sri Lanka (d) Philippines 32. Which of the following countries is the highest
20. Which of the following industries should be producer of Uranium in Asia?
mainly located near the raw material areas? (a) China (b) India
(a) Iron steel (b) Cotton textile (c) Uzbekistan (d) Indonesia
(c) Ship building (d) Engineering 33. The greatest producer of wheat in Europe is
21. The largest producer of tungsten in the world is (a) Ukraine (b) U.K.
(a) Australia (b) China (c) France (d) Germany
(c) Russia (d) U.S.A. 34. Which of the following countries is the greatest
22. The largest importer of petroleum in the world is producer of bauxite in the world?
(a) China (b) India (a) Argentina (b) Australia
(c) Japan (d) U.S.A. (c) South Africa (d) Brazil
23. The ‘Wheat Crescent’ lies in 35. Which of the following is important for ship
building?
(a) Australia (b) Argentina
(a) Liverpool (b) Detroit
(c) Canada (d) U.S.A.
(c) Berlin (d) Beijing
24. The largest exporter of steel in the world is
36. Which country is the most important producer of
(a) China (b) Japan
iron and steel in the southern hemisphere?
(c) Russia (d) Ukraine
(a) Chili (b) Peru
25. The leading producer of gold in the world is (c) Brazil (d) Venezuela
(a) Australia (b) China 37. The lines of equal transport cost in the industrial
(c) South Africa (d) U.S.A. location model of Alfred Weber are known as
26. The leading producer of natural rubber in the (a) Isoline (b) Isobar
world is (c) Isodapen (d) Isotim
(a) India (b) Indonesia 38. Great Lakes region of North America is famous
(c) Malaysia (d) Thailand for the mining of
27. Which one of the following deserts is famous for (a) Coal (b) Petroleum
its nitrate deposits? (c) Iron-ore (d) Bauxite
(a) Atacama (b) Gobi 39. Which of the following countries is the largest
(c) Kalahari (d) Sahara producer of Argon oil?
28. In which of the following crops the international (a) Greece (b) Mosocco
trade is low in comparison to total produce? (c) Iran (d) Iraq
(a) Coffee (b) Rice 40. Krivoirog is known for
(c) Rubber (d) Wheat (a) Textile industry (b) Chemical industry
29. In the U.S.A. the cotton textile industry shifted (c) Iron-ore mining (d) Bauxite mining
from North Eastern states to the south because of 41. The largest iron-ore producing region in the
(a) High labour cost (b) Low demand U.S.A. is
(c) Hilly terrain (d) Lack of coal (a) North East Appalachian region
30. The per capita CO2 emission is the highest in (b) Albama region
(a) China (b) India (c) Lake superior region
(c) Japan (d) U.S.A. (d) Sierra Nevada region
31. The iron and steel industry is largely concentrated 42. The leading wool producing country in the world
in the Kuzbas region because of the is
(a) Availability of iron ore (a) New Zealand (b) Canada
(b) Availability of coal (c) Australia (d) Argentina
B-18 || Economic Geography
43. The major agricultural regions of the world were 54. The Broken Hill of Australia is famous for the
first delineated by mining of
(a) L.D. Stamp (b) H. Bobek (a) Zinc (b) Silver
(c) D. Whittlesey (d) J.E. Spencer (c) Lead (d) All of these
44. Kanat system of irrigation is developed in 55. Which one of the following countries is the
largest producer of Geo-thermal energy in the
(a) Egypt (b) Iran
world?
(c) Kazakhstan (d) New Zealand (a) Australia (b) New Zealand
45. Which one of the following countries has the (c) U.S.A. (d) U.K.
largest arable land? 56. The largest exporter of fish in the world is
(a) Australia (b) Brazil (a) Norway (b) U.K.
(c) China (d) India (c) Canada (d) Japan
46. Plantation agriculture is practical mainly in the 57. Largest industrial gas reserves are found in
(a) Arid region (a) Iran (b) Iraq
(b) Mediterranean region (c) Qatar (d) Russia
58. The largest reserves of coal in the world are found
(c) Temperate region
in
(d) Tropical region
(a) Russia (b) U.S.A.
47. Which one of the following industries is a foot- (c) China (d) Australia
loose industry? 59. Which among the following has the world’s
(a) Cement (b) Sugar largest reserves of Uranium?
(c) Iron and steel (d) Hosiery (a) Australia (b) Canada
48. Which region is called the bread basket of the (c) Russia (d) U.S.A.
world? 60. The largest producer of Milk in the world is
(a) Temperate grassland (a) China (b) U.S.A.
(b) Savanna grassland (c) India (d) Brazil
61. Katanga province of Zaire is famous for
(c) Mediterranean region
(a) Copper (b) Coal
(d) Mid latitude forest (c) Gold (d) Diamond
49. The largest producer and supplier of sugar in the 62. Saar basin is an important industrial region in
world is (a) France (b) Germany
(a) Brazil (b) Cuba (c) Japan (d) U.K.
(c) Indonesia (d) Thailand 63. World’s largest producer of sugarcane
50. The largest exporter of rice in the world is (a) Brazil (b) China
(a) China (b) India (c) India (d) Indonesia
(c) Thailand (d) Vietnam 64. The largest producer of coconut in the world is
51. Which one of the following is not a type of (a) Brazil (b) India
(c) Indonesia (d) Philippines
shifting cultivation?
65. The leading producer of Titanium in the world is
(a) Chena (b) Fazenda (a) India (b) Japan
(c) Fang (d) Milpa (c) Russia (d) U.S.A.
52. World’s largest reserve of Uranium is found in 66. Which of the following crops are grown mostly
(a) Australia (b) Brazil under subsistence farming?
(c) Canada (d) South Africa (a) Millets and Rice
53. The largest producer of silver in the world is (b) Cotton and Tobacco
(a) Canada (b) U.S.A. (c) Tea and Coffee
(c) Mexico (d) Australia (d) Vegetables and Fruits
Geography || B-19
67. Teak and Sal are products of 79. The natural rubber is obtained from the
(a) Tropical dry deciduous Forest (a) bark of trees (b) fruit of trees
(b) Tropical Evergreen Forests (c) roots to trees (d) latex of trees
(c) Tropical Thorn Forests 80. Which country is the most important exporter of
(d) Alpine Forests wood pulp and newsprint ?
68. The place of origin of red gram is (a) US (b) Canada
(a) America (b) India (c) Russia (d) Sweden
(c) South Africa (d) Egypt 81. Sericulture means
69. Two largest producers of sugarbeet in the world (a) rearing of silkworms
are (b) growing of small plants
(a) Belgium and China (c) cultivation of spices
(b) France and Russia (d) cultivation of grapes
82. What is viticulture ?
(c) Germany and U.S.A.
(a) Cultivation of grapes
(d) Turkey and Ukrain
(b) Growing small plants
70. Dapog method of rice nursery was developed in
(c) Growing tobacco
(a) China (b) Indonesia (d) Cultivation of spices
(c) Japan (d) Philippines 83. Silviculture is concerned with
71. Textiles are a –––––– type of good. (a) Making vines
(a) capital (b) consumer (b) Growing plants saplings
(c) durable (d) subsistence (c) Growing spices
72. Name the country with the largest cattle (d) Market gardening
population. 84. Which crop is afflicted by the disease called red
(a) USA (b) Argentina rot ?
(c) India (d) Australia (a) Rice (b) Wheat
73. The leading producer of quality merino wool is (c) Bajra (d) Sugarcane
(a) Australia (b) Turkey 85. Horticulture is concerned with the
(c) New Zealand (d) South Africa (a) growing of flowers and fruits
74. Which factor influences the plant growth most (b) rearing animals for meet and skins
profoundly? (c) farming without crop rotaion
(a) Temperature (b) Moisture (d) cultivation of crops without any machinery
(c) Soil fertility (d) Soil depth etc.
75. From which plant part is camphor (a distillate) 86. Blue revolution relates to
(a) Crop farming
obtained?
(b) Industrial production
(a) Roots (b) Stem
(c) Fishing
(c) Flowers (d) Leaves
(d) Mining and metallurgy.
76. Which country is the leading producer of oranges? 87. Uranium is the –––––– among the known metals.
(a) France (b) Spain (a) lightest (b) heaviest
(c) Italy (d) US (c) most porous (d) most crystalline
77. Sugarcane cultivation dominates the farming in 88. The most abundant source of energy is
(a) India (b) Cuba (a) Oil (b) Biomass
(c) Indonesia (d) Australia (c) Coal (d) Sun
78. Which country is the largest producer of raw jute ? 89. Which mineral is considered to be the hardest ?
(a) India (b) Bangladesh (a) Tungsten (b) Diamond
(c) Pakistan (d) Myanmar (c) Platinum (d) Uranium
90. What is white coal ? 96. The famous Kimberley mines are situated in
(a) Petroleum (a) US (b) Australia
(b) Producing fuel from Thermal power (c) India (d) South Africa
(c) Producing fuel from Chopped wood 97. Name one of the important tribal groups of Japan.
(d) Producing fuel from Nuclear power (a) Hottentot (b) Eskimo
91. The Detroit region in US is famous for (c) Fula (d) Ainu
(a) Iron and steel (b) Ship building 98. The winter snow house of Eskimos are called
(c) Automobile (d) Petro chemicals (a) Yurt (b) Igloo
92. Which country produces maximum steel in the (c) Kayak (d) Toupic
world ? 99. What is the most commonly used building
(a) Japan (b) UK material in deserts ?
(c) USA (d) Australia (a) Mud and clay (b) Wood
93. The first cotton mill of india was established at (c) Bricks (d) Thatch and reeds
100. Coking coal is a vital input in
(a) Mumbai (b) Ahmedabad
(a) Steel making (b) Thermal power
(c) Baroda (d) Kolkata
(c) Copper smelting (d) Sponge iron making
94. Nagoya is an important ship building centre of
101. The region having the world’s largest reserves of
(a) Norway (b) US
petroleum is
(c) Japan (d) Russia
(a) US
95. India is one of the leading exporters of
(b) Venezuela
(a) copper (b) manganese (c) Southeast Asia
(c) tin (d) silver (d) Southwest Asia
Geography || B-21
ANSWER KEY
1. (a) 13. (b) 25. (c) 37. (c) 49. (a) 61. (a) 73. (a) 85. (a) 97. (d)
2. (b) 14. (b) 26. (d) 38. (c) 50. (c) 62. (a) 74. (a) 86. (c) 98. (b)
3. (b) 15. (b) 27. (a) 39. (b) 51. (b) 63. (a) 75. (d) 87. (b) 99. (a)
4. (c) 16. (d) 28. (b) 40. (c) 52. (a) 64. (c) 76. (d) 88. (d) 100. (a)
5. (c) 17. (c) 29. (a) 41. (c) 53. (c) 65. (c) 77. (b) 89. (b) 101. (d)
6. (d) 18. (b) 30. (a) 42. (c) 54. (d) 66. (a) 78. (b) 90. (c)
7. (b) 19. (c) 31. (b) 43. (c) 55. (c) 67. (a) 79. (d) 91. (c)
8. (a) 20. (a) 32. (c) 44. (b) 56. (a) 68. (b) 80. (b) 92. (c)
9. (b) 21. (b) 33. (a) 45. (d) 57. (d) 69. (b) 81. (a) 93. (d)
10. (a) 22. (d) 34. (d) 46. (d) 58. (b) 70. (d) 82. (a) 94. (c)
11. (c) 23. (b) 35. (a) 47. (d) 59. (b) 71. (b) 83. (b) 95. (b)
12. (b) 24. (a) 36. (c) 48. (a) 60. (c) 72. (c) 84. (d) 96. (d)
Hints & Solutions

1. (a) More than one-third of the crude steel 5. (c) The Ruhr basin is the famous Industrial region
production of the world comes from China. China’s of Germany. Formerly Germany’s coal-mining
crude steel production rose by 4.2% from a year region, the Ruhrgebiet forms one of the largest
ago. conurbations in Europe with 5 million residents and
2. (b) The largest proven oil reserve of the world
is now known for its diverse and vibrant cultural
lies in Saudi Arabia. Proven oil reserves in Saudi
Arabia are the second largest claimed in the world, scene.
estimated to be 267 billion barrels (42 × 109 m3) 6. (d) In an area with annual rainfall of more than
(Gbbl hereafter) including 2.5 Gbbl in the Saudi- 200 cm and sloping hills will be the ideal for tea
Kuwaiti neutral zone. These reserves were the plantation.
largest in the world until Venezuela announced they 8. (a) Monoculture is a distinct characteristic of
had increased their proven reserves to 297 Gbbl in commercial grain farming. Monoculture is the
January 2011.
agricultural practice of producing or growing a
3. (b) Peanuts are the main crop of Gambia. The
Gambia has no important mineral or other natural single crop or plant species over a wide area and for
resources and has a limited agricultural base. About a large number of consecutive years.
75% of the population depends on crops and livestock 9. (b) The largest producer of wine in the world is
for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity Italy. Italy is home of the oldest wine producing
features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. regions in the world and Italian wines are known
4. (c) Russia is the largest producer of diamond. worldwide for their broad variety. Italy shares with
In September 2012, Russia officially stated there France the title of largest wine producer in the
are massive diamond reserves under the mines
world, its contribution (about 45-50 million hl per
containing “trillions of carats” (hundreds of
thousands of tons) and claimed there are enough year) representing about 1/3 of world production.
diamonds in the field to supply global requirements Italian wine is exported around the world and is also
for 3,000 years. extremely popular in Italy.
11. (c) Canada is credited with the establishment after the invention of synthetic nitrate in Germany
of Uranium city. Uranium City is a settlement in at the turn of the 20th century. The towns include
northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Located on the Chacabuco, Humberstone, Santa Laura, Pedro de
northern shores of Lake Athabasca near the border Valdivia, Puelma, María Elena, and Oficina Anita.
of the Northwest Territories it is 230 m (750 ft) 31. (b) The iron and steel industry is largely
above sea level. The settlement is 760 km (470 concentrated in the Kuzbas region because of the
mi) northwest of Prince Albert, 760 km (470 mi) availability of coal. The Kuznetsk Basin (often
northeast of Edmonton and 48 km (30 mi) south of abbreviated as Kuzbass or Kuzbas,) in southwestern
the Northwest Territories-Saskatchewan boundary. Siberia, Russia, is one of the largest coal mining
12. (b) Kimberley is famous for diamond mining. areas in the world, covering an area of around
The Big Hole, Open Mine or Kimberley Mine is an 27,000 square miles (70,000 km2). It lies in
open-pit and underground mine in Kimberley, South the Kuznetsk Depression between Tomsk and
Africa, and claimed to be the largest hole excavated Novokuznetsk in the basin of the Tom River.
by hand. 32. (c) Uzbekistan is the highest producer of Uranium
14. (b) The country at the top in terms of percentage in Asia. Uzbekistan has considerable mineral
of total coffee production in the world is Brazil. deposits, including uranium. It is the world’s
Coffee production in Brazil is responsible for about seventh-ranking uranium supplier, and is expanding
a third of all coffee produced in world making production.
Brazil the world’s largest producer, a position the 34. (d) Brazil is the greatest producer of bauxite in the
country has held for the last 150 years. Coffee world. Para state dominates bauxite production in
plantations, covering some 27,000 km2 (10,000 sq Brazil accounting for 85% of overall output, while
mi), are mainly located in the southeastern states Minas Gerais produces the country’s remainder.
of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná where the 35. (a) Liverpool is important for ship building.
environment and climate provide ideal growing Liverpool has been a shipbuilding centre for more
conditions. than 200 years, developing alongside its growth
18. (b) The largest producer of copper in the world from a small port to a major centre of commerce.
is Chile. In 1991, copper exports represented 30 38. (c) Great Lakes region of North America is
percent of the total value of exports, a substantial famous for the mining of Iron ore. The Great
decline with respect to the 1960s, when it represented Lakes is a collection of freshwater lakes located in
almost 80 percent of total exports. Mining exports northeastern North America, on the Canada–United
in general accounted for about 48 percent of total States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean
exports in 1991. through the Saint Lawrence Seaway and the Great
19. (c) Chena cultivation is found in Sri Lanka. Chena Lakes Waterway.
Cultivation seconds only to paddy cultivation in the 39. (b) Argon oil is native to mosocco and is used in
area. It provides the fresh vegetables for the people high-end, personal care products and as a heart-
in the area and transport the production to other healthy gourmet product.
parts of the country too. 43. (c) The major agricultural region of the world
26. (d) The leading producer of natural rubber in the were first delineated by D. Whittlesey. One of
world is Thailand. Thailand could produce only the most satisfactory classifications of agricul
167,000 tonnes of natural rubber in October 2010 tural regions in the world was proposed by D.
as against 215,000 tonnes expected earlier and Whittlesey in 1936. Whittlesey employed five
288,000 tonnes produced during the same month in criteria to classify agricultural regions in the world:
2009. (a) crop and livestock combination; (b) intensity
27. (a) Atacama deserts is famous for its nitrate of land use; (c) processing and marketing of farm
deposits. The desert is littered with approximately produce; (d) degree of mechanisation; and (e) types
170 abandoned nitrate (or “saltpetre”) mining and associations of buildings and other structures
towns, almost all of which were shut down decades associated with agriculture.
Geography || B-23
48. (a) Temperate grassland is called the ‘bread basket’ According to figures published in December 2009
of the world. The roots of perennial grasses usually by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
penetrate far into the soil, and grassland soil tends United Nations, it is the world’s largest producer
to be deep and fertile. In North America, the prairies of coconuts, producing 19,500,000 tonnes in
were once inhabited by huge herds of bison and 2009. Production in the Philippines is generally
pronghorns, which were hunted by wolves, bears, concentrated in medium-sized farms.
and other predators. These herds are almost gone 66. (a) Millets and Rice are grown mostly under
now, and most of the prairies have been converted subsistence farming. Subsistence agriculture is self-
into the richest agricultural region on earth. sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on
49. (a) The largest producer and supplier of sugar in growing enough food to feed themselves and their
the world is Brazil. Brazil led the world in sugarcane families. The typical subsistence farm has a range of
production in 2011 with a 734 000 TMT harvest. crops and animals needed by the family to feed and
53. (c) The largest producer of Silver in the world clothe themselves during the year.
is Mexico. Mexico was the world’s largest silver 67. (a) Teak and Sal are products of tropical dry
producing country in 2012, followed by China, deciduous forests. The tropical and subtropical dry
Peru, Australia and Russia. broad leaf forest biome, also known as tropical
54. (d) The Broken Hill of Australia is famous for the dry forest, is located at tropical and subtropical
mining of zinc, lead and silver. Broken Hill is an latitudes. Though these forests occur in climates
isolated mining city in the far west of outback New that are warm year-round, and may receive several
South Wales, Australia. The world’s largest mining hundred centimeters of rain per year, they have long
company, BHP Billiton, has roots in the town. dry seasons which last several months and vary with
55. (c) USA is the largest producer of Geo-thermal geographic location. These seasonal droughts have
energy in the world. great impact on all living things in the forest.
56. (a) The largest exporter of fish in the world is 70. (d) Dapog method of rice nursery was developed
Norway. The fishing industry is the second largest
in Philippines. The dapog method of raising
export sector in Norway after oil and gas. The
seedling originated in the Philippines and is now,
industry includes the traditional fishing, as well as
fairly common in South and Southeast. The dapog
fish farming and processing of all kinds of seafood
nursery is constructed for the raising of seedlings
at onshore facilities.
without any soil whatsoever. Rice seeds contain
58. (b) The largest reserve of coal in the world are
sufficient food in the endosperm to permit the
found in USA. The United States holds the world’s
young seedling to grow for up to 14 days without
largest estimated recoverable reserves of coal and is
receiving any outside nutrients except air, water,
a net exporter of coal.
and sunlight. Consequently, it is possible to nurse
60. (c) The largest producer of Milk in the world is
seedlings without actually sowing them in soil.
India. With total milk production in India in 2011-
12 reaching 127.9 million tonnes, India is the largest 74. (a) Temperature is the most critical factor
milk producing country in the world. determining plant growth. The plants can not grow
61. (a) Katanga province of Zaire is famous for in areas of very low temperature even though
copper. Copper mining is an important part of the moisture may be available aplenty. However, if
economy of Katanga province. temperature is favourable, xerophytic plants may
64. (c) The largest producer of coconut in the world is grow even under conditions moisture deficiency.
Philippines. Coconut production plays an important 93. (d) The first cotton textile mill of India was
role in the national economy of the Philippines. established at Fort Gloster near Kolkata.
4 World Geography
1. The world’s most active volcano is 10. Which of the following seas has the highest
(a) Cotapaxi (b) Fujiyama salinity?
(c) Kilauea (d) Vesuvius (a) Caspian sea (b) Mediterranean sea
2. Drakensberg is a mountain of (c) Red sea (d) Dead sea
(a) Botswana (b) Namibia 11. Which one of the following islands of the East
(c) South Africa (d) Zambia Indies is divided into three countries?
3. The equator passes through (a) Borneo (b) Celebes
(a) Cameroon (b) Costa Rica (c) New Guinea (d) Timor
(c) Kenya (d) Venezuela 12. 90° E Ridge lies in
4. The deepest lake of the world is (a) Atlantic ocean
(b) Indian ocean
(a) Pushkar lake (b) Superior lake
(c) Pacific ocean
(c) Victoria lake (d) Baikal lake
(d) Mediterranean ocean
5. The deepest trenches of the ocean are found in
13. The inter section point of the Prime Meridian and
(a) Indian ocean (b) Pacific ocean
the Equator lies in
(c) Arctic ocean (d) Atlantic ocean
(a) Atlantic ocean (b) Ghana
6. Mauna Loa is an active volcano of
(c) Morocco (d) Pacific ocean
(a) Alaska (b) Hawaii
14. The clouds of the highest altitude are
(c) Italy (d) Japan (a) Altocumulus (b) Altostratus
7. The international Acid Rain information centre (c) Cumulus (d) Cirrostratus
has been set up in 15. The Black Mountains are located in
(a) Berlin (b) Oslo (a) Canada (b) Norway
(c) Osaka (d) Manchester (c) Switzerland (d) U.S.A.
8. The most urbanized country of the world is 16. The driest area of the Earth is
(a) Germany (b) Japan (a) Arabian desert (b) Atacama desert
(c) Singapore (d) U.S.A. (c) Gobi desert (d) Thar desert
9. The Death Valley in South California, USA is an 17. Which river of Africa crosses the Tropic of
example of Capricorn twice?
(a) Anticlinal valley (b) Synclinal valley (a) Congo (b) Limpopo
(c) Antecedent valley (d) Rift valley (c) Niger (d) Zambezi
Geography || B-25
18. Which one of the following is the most populous 28. Who among the following is famous as father of
Islamic country of the world? Modern Political Geography
(a) Bangladesh (b) Egypt (a) H. Mackinder (b) G. Taylor
(c) Indonesia (d) Pakistan (c) F. Ratzel (d) R. Hartshorne
19. What are the date/dates on which day and night 29. The Sargasso sea is a part of the
are equal in both the hemispheres? (a) North Atlantic ocean
(a) June 21 (b) South Atlantic ocean
(b) December 22 (c) Indian ocean
(c) March 21 and September 23 (d) Arctic ocean
(d) June 21 and December 22 30. The demographic transition model was
20. The Groups of people inhabiting Asiatic Tundra propounded by
is known as (a) J. Clarke (b) F.W. Notestien
(a) Vedda (b) Kirghiz (c) G.T. Trewartha (d) J.J. Spengler
(c) Samoyed (d) Guacho 31. In which of the following the west European type
21. The temperature increase is more marked of climate is found?
in northern Pacific Ocean as an influence of (a) British Columbia (b) California
Kuroshivo current in (c) North Chile (d) Algeria
(a) Summer (b) Winter 32. The Yellow stone National Park is located in
(c) Autumn (d) Spring (a) Canada (b) Brazil
22. Who of the following propounded the concept of (c) U.S.A. (d) France
primate city? 33. Which one of the following countries does not
(a) D.M. Smith (b) A.E. Smailes share the island of Borneo
(c) Griffith Taylor (d) Mark Jefferson (a) Brunei (b) Indonesia
23. Which of the following countries meets its largest (c) Malaysia (d) Philippines
electricity supply from atomic energy? 34. Which one of the following countries does not
(a) Slovenia (b) Japan border the Caspian Sea?
(c) France (d) Sweden (a) Azerbaijan (b) Iran
24. Which of the following parts of Australia is (c) Iraq (d) Kazakhstan
characterised by high rainfall? 35. Which type of soil is found in the coniferous
(a) New south Wales (b) Tasmania forests?
(c) South Australia (d) Western Australia (a) Chestnut (b) Podsol
25. Which one of the following is located in South (c) Chernozem (d) Regur
Africa? 36. Singapore Island is separated from the Malay
(a) Veld (b) Pampas Peninsula by
(c) Downs (d) Steppes (a) Malacca strait (b) Johore strait
26. Which one of the following is not related to (c) Sunda strait (d) Molucca strait
production of precipitation?
37. Which one of the following is the busiest ocean
(a) Diabatic process (b) Adiabatic process
route in the world?
(c) Ascent of Air (d) Convergence of air
(a) Mediterranean Suez Route
27. The relatively moderate climate of the British
Isles is caused by (b) South Atlantic Route
(a) Labrador current (b) Canary current (c) North Atlantic Route
(c) Gulf stream (d) North Atlantic Drift (d) Pacific Ocean Route
B-26 || World Geography
38. Which one of the following cities of the USA is 46. Which of the following countries is occupied
not located along the shores of the Great Lakes? entirely by migrant population?
(a) Duluth (b) Pittsburg (a) Malaysia (b) Australia
(c) Chicago (d) Detroit (c) Sri Lanka (d) Indonesia
39. The continental shelf is marked by an isobath line 47. Which of the following two gulfs are connected
of by Hormuz Strait?
(a) Persian Gulf—Gulf of Oman
(a) 100 metres (b) 200 metres
(b) Persian Gulf—Gulf of Aden
(c) 300 metres (d) 350 metres
(c) Gulf of Aden—Gulf of Oman
40. The continents with the highest and the lowest (d) Persian Gulf—Gulf of Aquaba
density of population are respectively 48. Alexandria is a port city of which of the following
(a) Europe and Africa countries?
(b) Africa and Asia (a) Greece (b) Egypt
(c) Asia and Oceania (c) Italy (d) Turkey
(d) Europe and Oceania 49. Which one of the following is a Manchester town
of Brazil?
41. Ebony and Mahogany trees are associated with
(a) Recife (b) Salvador
(a) Coniferrous forests (c) Sao paulo (d) Rio Grande
(b) Deciduous forests 50. Which is the longest river of Europe?
(c) Tropical Monsoon forests (a) Danube (b) Volga
(d) Tropical Evergreen forests (c) Dnieper (d) Rhine
42. The line drawn over a map joining points having 51. In which sea the river ‘Don’ flows in?
similar amounts of salinity is known as (a) Caspian sea (b) Black sea
(c) Sea of Azov (d) Baltic sea
(a) Isotherm (b) Isohyet
52. Gaza strip lies along the coast of
(c) Isohaline (d) Isogone (a) Dead sea (b) Mediterranean sea
43. Isopleth depicting the same mean value of sun (c) Persian sea (d) Red sea
shine is termed 53. The Kiel canal connects
(a) Isonephs (b) Isorums (a) Caribbean sea and Pacific Ocean
(c) Isohels (d) Isohyets (b) Bering sea and Chukchi sea
44. The sea of Okhotsk is enclosed by the Kurille (c) Red sea and Mediterranean sea
(d) Baltic sea and North sea
Islands, Northern Japan and a long peninsula.
54. The warm and dry wind Berg blows in
What is the name of this peninsula? (a) Asian Deserts (b) South Africa
(a) Kamachatka (b) Sakhalin (c) Western Australia (d) Patagonia Deserts
(c) Hokaido (d) Korea 55. Foehn is a local wind of
45. Which one of the following mountains is not built (a) China (b) Japan
during the Tertiary period? (c) Korea (d) Switzerland
(a) Rocky Mountain 56. The most highly developed inland waterways are
(b) Atlas Mountain found in
(c) Andes Mountain (a) Asia (b) Europe
(d) Aravalli Mountain (c) North America (d) South America
Geography || B-27
57. The percentage of forest cover is the highest in (a) Lativia (b) Slovakia
(a) Africa (b) Asia (c) Lithuania (d) Estonia
(c) North America (d) South America 67. Doldrum is characterized by
58. Which of the following is the highest mountain (a) Uniform high pressure
(b) Uniform low pressure
peak of the U.S.A.?
(c) High wind velocity
(a) Albert (b) Kilauea
(d) High humidity
(c) Mauna Lao (d) Mc Kinley
68. Mount Fujiyama, the highest point in Japan is in
59. What is meant by the term Midnight Sun?
(a) Hokkaido (b) Kyushu
(a) Twilight
(c) Shikoku (d) Honshu
(b) Rising sun
69. Strait of hormuz lies between
(c) Very bright moon
(a) Black Sea and Marmara sea
(d) Sun shining in the polar circle for long time. (b) Persian sea and Gulf of Oman
60. The water fall ‘Victoria’ is associated with the (c) Arabian sea and Red sea
river. (d) Red sea and Mediterranean sea
(a) Amazon (b) Missouri 70. Africa’s highest mountain peak Mt. Kilimanjaro
(c) St. Lawrence (d) Zambezi lies in
61. The Great Barrier Reef is located on the coast of (a) Kenya (b) Malawi
(a) Central Australia (c) Tanzania (d) Zambia
(b) West Australia 71. The coldest place on the earth is
(c) East Australia (a) Halifax (b) Chicago
(d) South Australia (c) Siachin (d) Verkhoyansk
62. Which of the following two countries are 72. The strait which separates Asia from North
separated by the 49th parallel? America is
(a) France and Germany (a) Berring strait (b) Palk strait
(b) USA and Canada (c) Strait of Gibralter (d) Strait of Malacca
(c) North Korea and South Korea 73. The wide treeless grassy plains in South America
(d) Mexico and USA are called
63. Which one of the following volcanoes is called (a) Selvas (b) Pampas
the Light House of the Mediterranean? (c) Prairies (d) Steppes
(a) Etna (b) Vesuvius 74. Which country has the highest percentage of its
(c) Kilimanjaro (d) Stromboli geographical area under forests?
64. International Date line is (a) China (b) India
(a) equator (c) Indonesia (d) Japan
(b) 0° longitude 75. Bushmen tribes are found in
(c) 90° east longitude (a) Atacama desert (b) Gobi desert
(d) 180° east-west longitude (c) Patagonian desert (d) Kalahari desert
65. What is the name of the strait where Adams 76. The general climate of the equatorial regions is
Bridge is situated? (a) hot and humid (b) warm and humid
(a) Bering strait (b) Cook strait (c) hot and dry (d) highly seasonal
(c) Palk strait (d) Taiwan strait 77. To which racial group do the Pygmies belong ?
66. Which one among the following is not a Baltic (a) Negro (b) Negrito
nation? (c) Australoid (d) Bantoo
78. Tropical cyclones are known as hurricanes in (c) It is the deepest lake of the world
(a) Philippines (b) Australia (d) This lake has been created through fluvial
(c) Bay of Bengal (d) West Indies erosion
79. Which among the following is leading commercial 90. Chicago is situated on the banks of
crop of the tropical monsoon regions ? (a) Lake Superior (b) Lake Michigan
(a) tea (b) rice (c) Lake Ontario (d) Great Slave Lake
(c) wheat (d) root crops 91. The Lake Baikal is situated in the region of
80. The Santa Anna is local (a) European Russia
(a) hot wind in southern California (b) Western Siberia
(b) cold wind in southern California (c) North eastern part of Russia
(c) hot wind in northern California
(d) Eastern Russia to the north of Mongolia
(d) cold wind in northern California
92. The Sakhalin region is known for its
81. The Burans are the
(a) Fertile land (b) Industrialization
(a) Cold local winds in mediterranean region
(c) Oil drilling (d) Gold mining
(b) Local hot winds in California
93. In which of the following regions is tea grown ?
(c) Local cold winds of Siberia
(d) Local hot winds of western Australia (a) Georgia (b) Turkmenia
82. The downs are the (c) Kazakhstan (d) Kirgizia
(a) River basins in North America 94. What is referred to as the Sorrow of China ?
(b) Lowlands in equatorial regions (a) Taklamakan Desert
(c) Temperate grasslands in Australia (b) Tibetan region
(d) Tropical grasslands in Australia (c) Hwang he rever (d) Nei Mongol
83. Gobi Desert is situated in 95. Which country is called the Great Britain of the
(a) Pakistan (b) Arabia East ?
(c) China (d) South Africa (a) India (b) Japan
84. The alfalfa is a (c) Korea (d) Russia
(a) food grain (b) fibre crop 96. Which of the following used to be considered a
(c) fodder crop (d) beverage buffer state?
85. Sierra Navada Mountains are situated in (a) West Germany (b) Belgium
(a) Alaska (b) California (c) Switzerland (d) France
(c) Texas (d) Manitoba 97. The Gibralter is a/an
86. Name the product in which Canada is a world (a) peninsula (b) strait
leader ? (c) isthmus (d) river
(a) Beef (b) Paper 98. Which country has a highly developed dairy
(c) Dairy products (d) Wool and furs industry ?
87. Disco Island of Greenland has deposits of (a) France (b) Germany
(a) Cryolite (b) Silver
(c) Denmark (d) Netherlands
(c) Coal (d) Iron ore
99. Which is called the Emerald Island ?
88. The Yellowstone National Park is situated in
(a) Britain (b) Ireland
(a) US (b) Canada
(c) Gibralter (d) Sicily
(c) Mexico (d) Panama
100. Which region is called the roof of the world ?
89. What is true about Lake Superior ?
(a) Tibet (b) Arctic region
(a) It is a lake wholly within US
(c) Siberia (d) Mount Everest
(b) It is a the largest lake of the world
Geography || B-29
ANSWER KEY
1. (c) 13. (a) 25. (a) 37. (c) 49. (c) 61. (c) 73. (b) 85. (b) 97. (b)
2. (c) 14. (d) 26. (a) 38. (b) 50. (b) 62. (b) 74. (d) 86. (b) 98. (c)
3. (c) 15. (d) 27. (d) 39. (b) 51. (c) 63. (d) 75. (d) 87. (c) 99. (b)
4. (d) 16. (b) 28. (c) 40. (c) 52. (b) 64. (d) 76. (a) 88. (a) 100. (a)
5. (b) 17. (b) 29. (a) 41. (d) 53. (d) 65. (c) 77. (b) 89. (b)
6. (b) 18. (c) 30. (b) 42. (c) 54. (b) 66. (b) 78. (d) 90. (b)
7. (b) 19. (c) 31. (a) 43. (c) 55. (d) 67. (b) 79. (a) 91. (d)
8. (c) 20. (c) 32. (c) 44. (a) 56. (b) 68. (d) 80. (a) 92. (c)
9. (d) 21. (b) 33. (d) 45. (d) 57. (d) 69. (b) 81. (c) 93. (a)
10. (d) 22. (d) 34. (c) 46. (b) 58. (d) 70. (c) 82. (c) 94. (c)
11. (a) 23. (c) 35. (b) 47. (a) 59. (d) 71. (d) 83. (c) 95. (b)
12. (b) 24. (b) 36. (b) 48. (b) 60. (d) 72. (a) 84. (c) 96. (c)
Hints & Solutions

1. (c) The world’s most active volcano is Kilauea. 8. (c) The most urbanized country of the world
Increasing volcanic activity has been observed at is Singapore. Singapore, officially the Republic
one of the world’s most active volcanoes, Kilauea of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island
Volcano in Hawaii Island, after a new vent sent lava country in Southeast Asia. It lies off the southern
shooting 65 feet in the air. tip of the Malay Peninsula and is 137 kilometres
2. (c) Drakensberg is a mountain range of South north of the equator.
Africa. The Drakensberg is the highest mountain 9. (d) The Death Valley in South California, USA is
range in Southern Africa, rising to 3,482 metres an example of Rift valley. Death Valley is a desert
(11,424 ft) in height. Its geological history lends it valley located in Eastern California. Situated within
a distinctive character amongst the mountain ranges the Mojave Desert, it is the lowest and driest area
of the world. in North America, and currently the hottest in the
3. (c) The Equator passes through Kenya. world.
4. (d) The deepest lake of the world is Baikal lake. 10. (d) Dead sea has the highest salinity. The Dead
Lake Baikal is the most voluminous freshwater lake Sea is 306 m (1,004 ft) deep, the deepest hypersaline
in the world, containing roughly 20% of the world’s
lake in the world. With 34.2% salinity (in 2011), it
unfrozen surface fresh water and at 1,642 m (5,387
is also one of the world’s saltiest bodies of water.
ft), the deepest. It is also among the clearest of all
lakes, and thought to be the world’s oldest lake in 25 11. (a) Borneo island of the East Indies is divided
million years. It is the 7th largest lake in the world into three countries. Borneo is the third largest
by surface area. island in the world and the largest island of Asia.
6. (b) Mauna Loa is an active volcano of Hawaii. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast
Mauna Loa is one of five volcanoes that form the Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is
Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of
Pacific Ocean. Sumatra.
12. (b) 90°E Ridge lies in Indian Ocean. The Ninety cartographer of the American Delegation to the
East Ridge (also rendered as Ninetyeast Ridge, 90E Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He was also the
Ridge or 90°E Ridge) is a linear, age-progressive head of the geography department at Michigan State
seamount chain in the Indian Ocean and is named Normal College, now Eastern Michigan University,
for its near-parallel strike along the 90th meridian. from 1901-1939.
It is approximately 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) in 25. (a) Veld is located in South Africa. Afrikaans
length and can be traced topographically from the “field” name given to various types of open country
Bay of Bengal southward towards the Southeast in Southern Africa that is used for pasturage and
Indian Ridge (SEIR), though the feature continues farmland.
to the north where it is hidden beneath the sediments 30. (b) The demographic transition model was
of the Bengal Fan. The ridge extends between propounded by F.W. Notestion. Frank Wallace
latitudes 33°S and 17°N and has an average width Notestein (August 16, 1902 – February 19, 1983)
of 200 km. was an American demographer who contributed
14. (d) The clouds of the highest altitude are significantly to the development of the science.
Cirrostratus. Cirrostratus cloud is a high, thin, He was the founding director of the Office of
generally uniform stratiform genus-type, composed Population Research at Princeton University, and
of ice-crystals. It is difficult to detect and is capable later president of the Population Council. He was
of forming halos when the cloud takes the form of also the first director of the Population Division of
thin cirrostratus nebulosus. The cloud has a fibrous the United Nations, 1946–1948.
texture with no halos if it is thicker cirrostratus 32. (c) The yellow stone National Park is located in
fibratus.
USA. Yellow Stone National Park is a national park
15. (d) The Black Mountains are located in USA. The
located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming,
Black Mountains are a mountain range in western
although it also extends into Montana and Idaho.
North Carolina, in the southeastern United States.
It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed
16. (b) The driest area of the earth is Atacama-desert.
into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1,
The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America,
1872.
covering a 1,000-kilometre strip of land on the
35. (b) Podzol type of soil is found in the coniferous
Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is the
forests. In soil science, podzols are the typical soils
driest hot desert in the world.
of coniferous, or boreal forests. They are also the
17. (b) Limpopo, River of Africa crosses the tropic of
typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in
Capricorn twice. The Limpopo River rises in central
southern Australia, while in Western Europe podzols
southern Africa, and flows generally eastwards to
the Indian Ocean. develop on heathland, which is often a construct of
20. (c) The group of people inhabiting Asiatic Tundra human interference through grazing and burning.
is known as Samoyed. The Samoyedic people are 41. (d) Ebony and Mahogany trees are associated
those groups that speak Samoyedic languages, with Tropical evergreen forests. Tropical evergreen
which are part of the Uralic family. They are a forests are usually found in areas receiving more
linguistic grouping, not an ethnic or cultural one. than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of
21. (b) The temperature increase is more marked in 15 °C to 30 °C. They occupy about seven per cent
northern pacific ocean as an influence of Kuroshivo of the Earth’s land surface and harbour more than
current in winter. half of the planet’s terrestrial plants and animals.
22. (d) Mark Jefferson propounded the concept Tropical evergreen forests are dense, multi-layered,
of primate city. Mark Jefferson was the chief and harbour many types of plants and animals.
Geography || B-31
45. (d) Aravalli Mountain is not built during the tertiary 61. (c) The Great Barrier Reef is located on the coast
period. The Aravalli Range literally meaning ‘line of East Australia. The Great Barrier Reef is the
of peaks’, is a range of mountains in western India world’s largest coral reef system composed of over
running approximately 800 km in a northeastern 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for
direction across Indian states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, over 2,600 kilometres over an area of approximately
Haryana and Delhi. 344,400 square kilometres.
48. (b) Alexandria is a port city of Egypt. Alexandria 63. (d) Stromboli is called the lighthouse of the
is the second largest city and the second largest Mediterranean. Stromboli is a small island in
metropolitan area in Egypt after Greater Cairo the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily,
by size and number of population of 4.1 million, containing one of the three active volcanoes in Italy.
extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of 70. (c) Africa’s highest mountain peak mt. Kilimanjaro
the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of lies in Tanzania. Kilimanjaro, with its three volcanic
the country. cones, Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira, is a dormant
52. (b) Gaza strip lies along the coast of mediterranean volcanic mountain in Kilimanjaro National Park,
sea. The Gaza Strip is a self-governing entity on the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.
eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea that borders 71. (d) The coldest place on the earth is Verkhoyansk.
Egypt on the southwest and Israel on the east and
Verkhoyansk is a town in Verkhoyansky District of
north.
the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Yana
53. (d) The Kiel canal connects Baltic sea and North
River near the Arctic Circle, 675 kilometers from
sea. The Kiel Canal, known as the Kaiser-Wilhelm-
Yakutsk.
Kanal until 1948, is a 98-kilometre long canal in
73. (b) The wide treeless grassy plains in South
the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The canal
America are called Pampas. The Pampas are fertile
links the North Sea at Brunsbüttel to the Baltic Sea
South American lowlands, covering more than
at Kiel-Holtenau
750,000 km2 (289,577 sq mi), that include the
55. (d) Foehn is a local wind of Switzerland. A foehn
Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa,
is a type of dry, warm, down-slope wind that occurs
in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range. It is Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba, most of Uruguay,
a rain shadow wind that results from the subsequent and the southernmost Brazilian State, Rio Grande
adiabatic warming of air that has dropped most of its do Sul.
moisture on windward slopes (see orographic lift). 75. (d) Bushmen tribes are found in Kalahari desert.
58. (d) Mc Kinley is the highest mountain peak of the The Kalahari Desert is a large semi-arid sandy
USA. Mount Mc Kinley or Denali is the highest savannah in southern Africa extending 900,000
mountain peak in North America, with a summit square kilometres, covering much of Botswana and
elevation of 20,237 feet above sea level. At some parts of Namibia and South Africa.
18,000 feet, the base to peak rise is considered the 95. (b) Japan is called the Great Britain of East due
largest of any mountain situated entirely above sea to a high level of industrial development in this
level. country.
5 Geography of India
1. The neighbouring country of India which has the 9. Ten degree channel is between
largest area is (a) Little Andaman and Car Nicobar
(a) Bangladesh (b) China (b) Middle Andaman and little Andaman
(c) Pakistan (d) Nepal (c) Alaska and Russia
2. Which one of the following countries has the (d) North Korea and South Korea
longest international boundary with India? 10. Which of the following latitudes passes through
(a) China (b) Pakistan India?
(c) Bangladesh (d) Myanmar (a) Arctic circle (b) Tropic of Capricorn
3. Among the following Union Territories of India, (c) Tropic of Cancer (d) Equator
which one has the largest size? 11. Nathula Pass is in
(a) Andaman and Nicobar (a) Arunanchal Pradesh
(b) Puducherry (b) Nagaland
(c) Daman and Diu (c) Sikkim
(d) Chandigarh (d) Manipur
4. Which foreign country is closest to Andaman 12. ‘Red cliff line’ demarcates the boundary between
Island? (a) India and China
(a) Indonesia (b) Myanmar (b) India and Pakistan
(c) Thailand (d) Srilanka (c) India and Afghanistan
5. Doddabetta Peak is located in the (d) India and Bangladesh
(a) Anaimalai (b) Mahendragiri 13. Which of the following rivers flows from south to
(c) Nilgiris (d) Shevaroys north?
6. The Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats meet at (a) Son (b) Krishna
the (c) Mahanadi (d) Ganga
(a) Cardamom Hills (b) Anaimalai Hills 14. Which one of the following rivers in India has
(c) Nilgiri Hills (d) Palani Hills been declared as the National River?
7. The Himalyas are approximately kilometer long (a) Ganga (b) Yamuna
(a) 2000 (b) 2500 (c) Krishna (d) Son
(c) 3000 (d) 1500 15. Which of the following rivers is not the tributary
8. The coast that belongs to Tamilnadu is known as of Yamuna?
(a) Konkan coast (b) Malabar coast (a) Chambal (b) Betwa
(c) Coromandel coast (d) Canara coast (c) Ken (d) Gandak
Geography || B-33
16. The largest delta of the world is 28. Project Tiger was launched in
(a) Amazon basin (b) Congo basin (a) 1973 (b) 1980
(c) Sundervan delta (d) Godavari basin (c) 1982 (d) 1984
17. Which one of the following rivers of India does 29. ‘Kal Baisakhi’ gives rainfall to
not make a delta? (a) Rajasthan (b) West Bengal
(a) Ganga (b) Narmada (c) Punjab (d) Goa
(c) Mahanadi (d) Kaveri 30. The retreating Monsoon gives rainfall to
18. The river also known as Tsangpo in Tibet is (a) Gujarat (b) Goa
(a) Brahmaputra (b) Indus (c) Tamilnadu (d) Maharashtra
(c) Sutlej (d) Teesta 31. Which one of the following is the wettest place in
India?
19. An important river of the Indian desert is?
(a) Udhagamandalam (b) Mahabaleshwar
(a) Luni (b) Narmada
(c) Cherrapunji (d) Mawsynram
(c) Tapi (d) Jhelum
32. South-West monsoon reaches Kerala in
20. The term ‘Regur’ is used for
(a) End of May (b) Mid-June
(a) Alluvial soil (b) Black soil (c) Last June (d) First weak of July
(c) Laterite soil (d) Yellow soil 33. South-West monsoon contributes to India’s total
21. In the soil pH 10, the soil is rainfall up to the extent of
(a) Alkali (b) Saline (a) 80-90% (b) 50-55%
(c) Acidic (d) Neutral (c) 100% (d) 75%
22. Which one of the following soils is suitable for 34. India is the largest world producer of
cotton production? (a) Cotton (b) Milk
(a) Regur (b) Red (c) Wheat (d) Rice
(c) Bhangar (d) Khadar 35. The ore of Aluminium is
23. Where in India is the Jim Corbet National Park (a) Bauxite (b) Chromium
located? (c) Mica (d) Manganese
(a) Uttarakhand 36. The mineral oil was first discovered in India in
(b) Jammu & Kashmir (a) Naharkotiya (b) Mumbai
(c) Madhya Pradesh (c) Ankleshwar (d) Digboi
(d) Bihar 37. Which type of rocks in India produces
24. Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary is in the state of manganese?
(a) Assam (b) Tamilnadu (a) Gondwana (b) Dharwar
(c) Vindhya (d) Tertiary
(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Kerala
38. Which one of the following is known as the ‘Pearl
25. The only sanctuary where Kashmir stag is found
city’?
is
(a) Kandla (b) Tuticorin
(a) Kanha (b) Dachigam
(c) Hyderabad (d) Kochi
(c) Manas (d) Nanda devi 39. What is Khetri in Rajasthan famous for?
26. Kaziranga national park is famous for (a) Copper (b) Mica
(a) Rhinoceros (b) Tiger (c) Bauxite (d) Limestone
(c) Lion (d) Crocodile 40. The alluvial soil found along the banks of the
27. Tree cover is maximum in rivers in the Ganga plain is called
(a) East Deccan (b) Northern Plains (a) Khadar (b) Bhangar
(c) West Coast (d) East Coast (c) Bhur (d) Loess
B-34 || Geography of India
41. The state of India having almost monopoly in the 52. Which of the following is a biodiesel plant?
production of chromite is (a) Jatropha (b) Maize
(a) Bihar (b) Orissa (c) Pongamia (d) Sunflower
(c) Karnataka (d) Maharashtra 53. With which crop has green revolution been
42. Kalpsar project for the supply of sweet water is associated?
located in (a) Rice (b) Wheat
(a) Haryana (b) Karnataka (c) Pulses (d) Sugarcane
(c) Rajasthan (d) Gujarat 54. Which one of the Indians state/union Territories
43. The Ganga action plan was initiated in is having lowest sex ratio in 2011?
(a) 1984 (b) 1985 (a) Haryana
(c) 1986 (d) 1990 (b) Daman and Diu
44. In India more than half of the production of (c) Punjab
soyabean comes from (d) Dadar and Nagar Haveli
(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Madhya Pradesh 55. Which one of the following National Highway is
(c) Maharashtra (d) Rajasthan the longest in India?
45. The Deccan trap was formed by the (a) NH 2 (b) NH 6
(a) Dharwar Vulcanicity (c) NH 7 (d) NH 8
(b) Mesozoic Vulcanicity 56. Which one of the following is not an ancient city
of India?
(c) Cretaceous Vulcanicity
(a) Varanasi (b) Ujjain
(d) Paleozoic Vulcanicity
(c) Kanchipuram (d) Hyderabad
46. The biggest island of the Indian Ocean is
57. The highest coconut producing state in India is
(a) Maldives (b) Madagascar
(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Kerala
(c) Lakshadweep (d) Sumatra
(c) Karnataka (d) Tamil Nadu
47. The largest reserve of crude oil in India is found
58. Which one of the following states has higher
in
potentials for solar energy?
(a) Assam (b) Gujarat (a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Eastern offshore (d) Western offshore (c) Rajasthan (d) Odisha
48. The leading coffee producing state in India is 59. Which one of the major source of irrigation in
(a) Tamilnadu (b) Kerala India?
(c) Karnataka (d) Andhra Pradesh (a) Canals
49. The term ‘operation flood’ refers to (b) Tanks
(a) Flood control (c) Wells and Tubewells
(b) Milk production (d) Other sources
(c) Population control 60. Bhakhara dam is situated on which river?
(d) Foodgrain production (a) Ravi (b) Chenab
50. ‘Jhum’ is (c) Jhelum (d) Sutlej
(a) A tribe in the North-East of India 61. Which state has per hectare highest consumption
(b) The type of cultivation of fertilizers in India?
(c) A Folk dance (a) Punjab (b) Gujarat
(d) The name of a river (c) Uttarakhand (d) Goa
51. ‘Yellow Revolution’ is associated with the 62. The cotton textile industry is located in western
production of India, what is the main reason for it?
(a) Poultry (b) Oil seeds (a) Cotton belt (b) Skilled labour
(c) Sunflower (d) Gold (c) Power (d) All of these
Geography || B-35
63. In which state Kandla Port is situated? 73. The Konkan-Railways connects
(a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu (a) Goa-Mangalore
(c) Orissa (d) Gujarat (b) Roha-Mangalore
64. The dormant volcano of India is (c) Kanyakumari-Mangalore
(a) Sandwich (b) Keating point (d) Kanyakumari-Mumbai
(c) Barrendwip (d) Ellice 74. Which one of the following states of India is
65. The second highest peak of the world located in surrounded by Bangladesh in three sides?
Himalayas is (a) Mizoram (b) Meghalaya
(a) Nandadevi (b) Dhoulagiri (c) Tripura (d) West Bengal
(c) Karnet (d) K2 75. Which is not food crop from the following?
66. Which state of India shares its boundaries with (a) Rice (b) Tea
six other states? (c) Maize (d) Barley
(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Jharkhand 76. Indian Forest Research Institute is situated in
(c) Chhattisgarh (d) Karnataka (a) Shimla (b) Nainital
67. The Kishenganj Power project is in (c) Jammu (d) Dehradun
(a) Orissa 77. Tehri Dam Project is situated on the confluence
(b) Maharashtra of which of the two following rivers?
(c) Gujarat (a) Alaknanda – Mandakini
(d) Jammu and Kashmir (b) Bhagirathi – Bhilangha
68. As per 2011 census data, the child sex ratio has (c) Yamuna – Tons
come down from 927 to (d) None of these
(a) 904 (b) 919 78. Which river is not in existence at present?
(c) 922 (d) 925 (a) Tons (b) Saraswati
69. As per 2011 census data, the sex ratio is (c) Ganga (d) Yamuna
(a) 943 (b) 940 79. Jadugoda is famous for which of the following?
(c) 925 (d) 920 (a) Iron-ore (b) Manganese
70. Which state of India tops in literacy? (c) Gold (d) Uranium
(a) Kerala 80. Which of the following is a part of Eastern coast?
(b) Tamil Nadu (a) Coromandel coast
(c) Delhi (b) Konkan coast
(d) Uttar Pradesh (c) Malabar coast
71. Name the state where density of population is the (d) None of these
lowest 81. Which state of India has the largest area ?
(a) Meghalaya (a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Mizoram (b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Arunachal Pradesh (c) Jammu and Kashmir
(d) Sikkim (d) Rajasthan
72. What is the percentage of literacy in India, as per 82. Which of the following cities has an astronomical
2011 census data: observatory ?
(a) 73% (b) 78% (a) Simla (b) Jaipur
(c) 70% (d) 68% (c) Amritsar (d) Hyderabad
83. What is the other name of the highest range in the 92. Which of the major rivers of India does not form
Western Ghats ? a delta?
(a) Pir Panjal (b) Siwalik range (a) Cauvery (b) Godavari
(c) Sahyadris (d) Namcha Barwa (c) Krishna (d) Narmada
84. The longest beach of India is situated at 93. The term khadar means
(a) Mumbai (b) Chennai (a) New alluvial soils (b) Dry sandy soils
(c) Mangalore (d) Tuticorin (c) Old alluvial soils (d) Semi black soils
85. What is the name given to the foothills zone of 94. The Raman Peak is situated in
Himalayas? (a) Andaman and Nicobar
(a) Inner Himalayas (b) Arabian Sea
(b) Central Himalayas (c) Siwaliks
(c) Middle Himalayas (d) Zaskar Range
(d) Siwalik 95. The famous Sambhar Lake is situated in
86. In which part of India is Dandakaranaya situated ?
(a) Rajasthan (b) Gujarat
(a) Northern (b) Eastern
(c) West Bengal (d) Orissa
(c) Central (d) Western
96. The highest peak of south India is
87. With which country does MacMahon Line form
(a) Dodabeta (b) Annaimudi
India’s boundary ?
(c) Mahendragiri (d) Yercaud
(a) Pakistan (b) Afganistan
97. In which range is the Nathu La Pass situated ?
(c) China (d) Bangladesh
(a) Himalayas (b) Sahyadris
88. In which state does most part of Vidarbha region
(c) Vindhyas (d) Karakoram
lie ?
98. Lakhimpur is famous for
(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Andhra Pradesh
(a) Heavy rainfall (b) Petroleum reserves
(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Maharashtra
89. The highest range of the Himalayan system is the (c) Monazite reserves (d) Project Tiger
(a) Central Himalayas (b) Outer Himalayas 99. The Badrinath’s situated on the banks of river
(c) Middle Himalayas (d) Trans Himalayas (a) Ganga (b) Bhagirathi
90. The Mt. Everest is situated in the region of (c) Alakananda (d) Gandak
(a) Assam Himalayas (b) Kumaon Himalayas 100. Ganga is a result of the confluence of rivers ––– .
(c) Nepal Himalayas (d) Punjab Himalayas (a) Bhagirathi and Alakananda at Dev Prayag
91. The southernmost point in Indian territory is (b) Bhagirathi and Alakananda at Karan Prayag
(a) Indira point (b) Gandhi Point (c) Bhagirathi and Alakananda at Gangotri
(c) Nehru Point (d) Mountbatom Point (d) Bhagirathi and Alakananda at Rudra Prayag
Geography || B-37
ANSWER KEY
1. (b) 11. (c) 21. (a) 31. (d) 41. (b) 51. (b) 61. (a) 71. (c) 81. (d) 91. (a)
2. (c) 12. (b) 22. (a) 32. (a) 42. (d) 52. (a) 62. (d) 72. (a) 82. (b) 92. (d)
3. (a) 13. (a) 23. (a) 33. (a) 43. (c) 53. (b) 63. (d) 73. (a) 83. (c) 93. (a)
4. (a) 14. (a) 24. (a) 34. (b) 44. (b) 54. (b) 64. (c) 74. (c) 84. (b) 94. (b)
5. (c) 15. (d) 25. (b) 35. (a) 45. (c) 55. (c) 65. (d) 75. (b) 85. (d) 95. (a)
6. (c) 16. (c) 26. (a) 36. (d) 46. (b) 56. (d) 66. (c) 76. (b) 86. (b) 96. (b)
7. (b) 17. (b) 27. (c) 37. (b) 47. (d) 57. (d) 67. (d) 77. (b) 87. (c) 97. (a)
8. (c) 18. (a) 28. (a) 38. (b) 48. (c) 58. (c) 68. (b) 78. (b) 88. (d) 98. (b)
9. (a) 19. (a) 29. (b) 39. (a) 49. (b) 59. (c) 69. (a) 79. (d) 89. (a) 99. (c)
10. (c) 20. (b) 30. (c) 40. (a) 50. (b) 60. (d) 70. (a) 80. (a) 90. (c) 100. (a)
Hints & Solutions

1. (b) Area: 9,706,961 km². With an area of about 9.6 the Anaimalai Hills and Palni Hills to the south
million km², the People’s Republic of China is the by the Palghat Gap. The Nilgiris District of Tamil
3rd largest country in total area behind Russia and Nadu lies within these mountains. Its latitudinal
Canada, and very similar to the United States. and longitudinal dimensions are 130 km (Latitude:
2. (c) Bangladesh and India share a border of 11° 08’ to 11° 37’ N) by 185 km (Longitude: 76°
2,429 miles. The Bangladeshi Divisions of Dhaka, 27’ E to 77° 4’ E). Central location is: 11°22′30″N
Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet and Chittagong, 76°45′30″E. It has an area of 2,479 square kilometres
along with the Indian states of West Bengal, Assam, (957 sq mi).
Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram are situated along 7. (b) The Himalayas are approximately 2400 km in
the border. A number of pillars mark the border length with an average width of about 320 to 400
km. The Himalayas are the enormous mountain
between the two states.
system of Asia. They are the highest mountain range
3. (a) The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a group
found in the world.
of islands at the juncture of the Bay of Bengal and
8. (c) The Coromandel Coast is the southeastern
Andaman Sea, and are a Union Territory of India. It
coast of the Indian Subcontinent between
has a total area of 8,073 km².
Kanyakumari and False Divi Point. It may also
4. (a) Distance from Andaman and Nicobar Islands include the southeastern coast of the island of Sri
to Indonesia is 1,696 miles. Lanka.
5. (c) Nilgiri Hills are a range of mountains with 9. (a) The Ten Degree Channel is a channel that
at least 24 peaks above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), in separates the Andaman Islands from the Nicobar
the Westernmost part of Tamil Nadu state at the Islands in the Bay of Bengal. The two sets of
junction of Karnataka and Kerala states in Southern islands together form the Indian Union Territory of
India. They are part of the larger Western Ghats Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
mountain chain making up the southwestern edge 10. (c) The Tropic of Cancer, also referred to as the
of the Deccan Plateau. Northern tropic, is the circle of latitude on the Earth
6. (c) The hills are separated from the Karnataka that marks the most northerly position at which the
plateau to the north by the Moyar River and from Sun may appear directly overhead at its zenith.
11. (c) Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas. transportation. The average depth of the river is 124
It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China’s feet (38 m) and maximum depth is 380 feet (120 m).
Tibet Autonomous Region. The pass, at 4,310 m The river is prone to catastrophic flooding in spring
above mean sea level, forms a part of an offshoot of when the Himalayan snows melt.
the ancient Silk Road. 19. (a) The Luni is a river of western Rajasthan state,
12. (b) The Radcliffe Line was published on 17 August India. It originates in the Pushkar valley of the
1947 as a boundary demarcation line between India Aravalli Range, near Ajmer and ends in the marshy
and Pakistan upon the partition of India. lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, after travelling a
13. (a) The Son originates near Amarkantak in distance of 495 km.
Madhya Pradesh, just east of the headwater of the 20. (b) Black soil is a rich soil that is good for crops
Narmada River, and flows north-northwest through like cotton. It is found in various places around
Madhya Pradesh state before turning sharply the world. It is most abundantly found in western
eastward where it encounters the southwest- central India.
northeast-running Kaimur Range. The Son river at 21. (a) Alkali, or alkaline, soils are clay soils with high
784 kilometres (487 mi) long, is one of the largest pH (> 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration
rivers of India. Its chief tributaries are the Rihand capacity. Often they have a hard calcareous layer
and the North Koel. at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. Alkali soils owe their
14. (a) The Ganges is a trans-boundary river of India unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to
and Bangladesh. The 2,525 km (1,569 mi) river the dominating presence of sodium carbonate which
rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state causes the soil to swell and difficult to clarify/settle.
of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through 22. (a) Among the in situ soils are the red-to-yellow
the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, (including laterite) and black soils known locally as
where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. It is the regur. After these the alluvial soil is the third most
third largest river in the World by discharge. common type.
15. (d) The Kali Gandaki or Gandaki River is one of 23. (a) Uttarakhand or formerly Uttaranchal, is a state
the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank tributary in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as
of the Ganges in India. It is also called Krishna the “Land of the Gods” due to the many holy Hindu
Gandaki in Nepal. temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout
16. (c) The Sunderban forest lies in the vast delta on the state.
the Bay of Bengal formed by the super confluence 24. (a) Assam is a northeastern state of India. Its
of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers capital is Dispur, located within the municipal area
across southern Bangladesh. The seasonally flooded of Guwahati city. It has an area of 78550 km2.
Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests lie inland 25. (b) Dachigam National Park is located 22
from the mangrove forests on the coastal fringe. The kilometers from Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. It
forest covers 10,000 km2. of which about 6,000 are covers an area of 141 square kilometers.
in Bangladesh. It became inscribed as a UNESCO 26. (a) Rhinoceros often abbreviated as rhino, is a
world heritage site in 1997. group of five extant species of odd-toed ungulates
17. (b) The Narmada, also called the Rewa, is a river in the family Rhinocerotidae. Two of these species
in central India and the fifth longest river in the are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia.
Indian subcontinent. It is the third longest river that 27. (c) The Western Ghats or the Sahyadri constitute
flows entirely within India, after the Godavari and a mountain range along the western side of India. It
the Krishna. is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the
18. (a) About 1,800 miles (2,900 km) long, the eight “hottest hotspots” of biological diversity in the
Brahmaputra is an important river for irrigation and world.
Geography || B-39
28. (a) Project Tiger was launched by Kailash precipitation occurs. Some areas of the subcontinent
Sankhala in India in 1973. The project aims at receive up to 10,000 mm (390 in) of rain annually.
ensuring a viable population of Bengal Tigers in 34. (b) With total milk production in India in 2011-12
their natural habitats and also to protect them from reaching 127.9 million tonnes, India is the largest
extinction. milk producing country in the world.
29. (b) During the hot weather period i.e from March 35. (a) Bauxite, an aluminium ore, is the world’s
to May the eastern and North-eastern states of main source of aluminium. It consists mostly of the
the subcontinent like West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, minerals gibbsite Al(OH)3, boehmite γ-AlO(OH)
Odisha (parts) and Bangladesh experience dramatic and diaspore.
appearance of a special type of violent thunderstorm 36. (d) Digboi is a town and a town area committee in
known as Nor’wester. In Bengal it is known as ‘Kal Tinsukia district in the north-eastern part of the state
Baisakhi’ or calamity of the month of Baisakh of Assam, India. Crude oil was discovered here in
(April,15-May,15). Apart from its destructive effects late 19th century.
like sudden rise in wind speed, lightning, thunder 37. (b) The rocks of the Dharwar system are mainly
and hail the rainfall associated with the storm sedimentary in origin, and occur in narrow elongated
although small in amount, is extremely helpful for synclines resting on the gneisses found in Bellary
the pre-Kharif crops like jute, Aus paddy, summer district, Mysore and the Aravalis of Rajputana.
till and a large number of vegetables and fruits and These rocks are enriched in manganese and iron
the sudden drop in temperature gives relief after ore which represents a significant resource of these
unbearable mid-day heat. metals.
30. (c) Around September, with the sun fast retreating 38. (b) Tuticorin is known as “Pearl City” due to
south, the northern land mass of the Indian the pearl fishing carried out in the town. It is a
subcontinent begins to cool off rapidly. With this commercial seaport which serves the inland cities
air pressure begins to build over northern India, of Southern India and is one of the sea gateways of
the Indian Ocean and its surrounding atmosphere Tamil Nadu.
still holds its heat. This causes cold wind to sweep 39. (a) Khetri Nagar is a town in Jhunjhunu district of
down from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain Rajasthan in India. It is part of Shekhawati region.
towards the vast spans of the Indian Ocean south Khetri is actually two towns, the first “Khetri Town”
of the Deccan peninsula. This is known as the was founded by Raja Khet Singhji Nirwan.
Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon. 40. (a) Khadir or Khadar plains are those that are
31. (d) Mawsynram is a village in the East Khasi Hills low-lying next to a river. Khadir areas are prone to
district of Meghalaya state in north-eastern India, 65 flooding and sometimes include portions of former
kilometers from Shillong. river beds that became available for agriculture
32. (a) The southwestern summer monsoons occur when a river changed course. Khadir soil consists of
from June through September. The Thar Desert and new alluvial deposits and is often very fertile.
adjoining areas of the northern and central Indian 41. (b) The production of chrome ore and chrome
subcontinent heats up considerably during the hot concentrate has been fairly consistent in the last
summers. This causes a low pressure area over the 5 years. South Kaliapani is the main Chrome ore,
northern and central Indian subcontinent. To fill Bangur Chrome ore Mine is the first and only
this void, the moisture-laden winds from the Indian underground mine of Odisha.
Ocean rush in to the subcontinent. These winds, rich 42. (d) The Kalpasar Project envisages building a
in moisture, are drawn towards the Himalayas. The dam across the Gulf of Khambat for generating
Himalayas act like a high wall, blocking the winds tidal power and for establishing a huge reservoir for
from passing into Central Asia, and forcing them to fresh water for irrigation, drinking and industrial
rise. As the clouds rise their temperature drops and purposes.
43. (c) The Ganga action plan was, launched by Shri 48. (c) Coffee production in India is dominated in the
Rajeev Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India on hill tracts of South Indian states, with the state of
14 Jan. 1986 with the main objective of pollution Karnataka accounting 53% followed by Kerala 28%
abatement, to improve the water quality by and Tamil Nadu 11% of production of 8,200 tonnes.
Interception, Diversion and treatment of domestic 49. (b) Operation Flood in India, a project of the
sewage and present toxic and industrial chemical National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was
wastes from identified grossly polluting units the world’s biggest dairy development program
entering in to the river. which made India, a milk-deficient nation, the
44. (b) Madhya Pradesh contributes more than 70% largest milk producer in the world, surpassing the
of the total soyabean production in the country. USA in 1998, with about 17 percent of global output
During the last two years soyabean has been grown in 2010–11, which in 30 years doubled the milk
in Madhya Pradesh in an area of about 4.4 million available per person, and which made dairy farming
hectare producing around 3.9 million tones. India’s largest self-sustainable rural employment
45. (c) Deccan traps are formed by vast outpouring generator.
of basic lava from many linear fissures developed 50. (b) Jhum or Jhoom cultivation is a local name
in the earth’s crust. This outpouring was of quiet for slash and burn agriculture practised by the
type and hence did not create any volcanic domes. tribal groups in the northeastern states of India
It just spread across the surface. This outpouring like Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and
was in many active stages followed by periods of Nagaland and also in the districts of Bangladesh
quiescence. This outpouring took place around 65 like Khagrachari and Sylhet. This system involves
million years ago when India was near present placed clearing a piece of land by setting fire or clear felling
Madagascar and during its movement towards and using the area for growing crops of agricultural
north, it passed over Reunion Hotspot. Presently importance such as upland rice, vegetables or fruits.
this hotspot is dormant in nature. This outpouring 51. (b) The growth, development and adoption of
lasted for 5million years approx according to latest new varieties of oil seeds and complementary
study. technologies nearly doubled oil seeds production
46. (b) Madagascar, officially the Republic of from 12.6 mt in 1987-88 to 24.4 mt in 1996-97,
Madagascar and previously known as the Malagasy catalyzed by the Technology Mission on Oil seeds,
Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, brought about the Yellow Revolution.
off the coast of Southeast Africa. The nation 52. (a) Jatropha is a genus of flowering plants in the
comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth- spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. The name is derived
largest island in the world), as well as numerous from the Greek words meaning “physician,” and
smaller peripheral islands. “nutrition,” hence the common name physic nut.
47. (d) India had about 125 Million metric tonne of 53. (b) Green Revolution refers to a series of research,
proven oil reserves as April 2010 or 5.62 billion development, and technology transfer initiatives,
barrels as per EIA estimate for 2009, which is the occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s,
second-largest amount in the Asia-Pacific region which increased agriculture production worldwide,
behind China. Most of India’s crude oil reserves particularly in the developing world, beginning
are located in the western coast (Mumbai High) and most markedly in the late 1960s.
in the northeastern parts of the country, although 54. (b) Total Population of Daman and Diu is 2.43
considerable undeveloped reserves are also located Lakhs as per census 2011. Literacy rate in Daman
in the offshore Bay of Bengal and in the state of and Diu is 87.10 percent while sex ratio is 618
Rajasthan. females per 1000.
Geography || B-41
55. (c) National Highway 44 or NH 44 (Old NH of the total net area irrigated by the wells in the state
7), is major North-South National Highway in followed by 7.7% in Thiruvannamalai district and
India that runs through the states of Uttar Pradesh, 6.4% in Salem district.
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, 60. (d) The Sutlej River is the longest of the five rivers
Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. NH-44 was laid and that flow through the historic crossroad region of
is maintained by Central Public Works Department Punjab in northern India and Pakistan
(CPWD). This highway starts from the area 61. (a) Punjab, also spelt Panjab, is a state in the
Hyderabad Gate in Varanasi. The highway connects northwest of forming part of the larger Punjab
several important Indian cities such as Varanasi, region.
Rewa, Jabalpur, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Kurnool, 63. (d) Kandla, also Kandla Port or New Kandla is a
Anantapur, Chikkaballapur, Bangalore, Krishnagiri, seaport in Kutch District of Gujarat state in western
Dharmapuri, Salem, Namakkal, Velur, Karur, India, near the city of Gandhidham. Located on the
Dindigul, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli. Gulf of Kutch, it is one of major ports on west coast.
A major part of NH 44 covers the North-South Kandla was constructed in the 1950s as the chief
Corridor of NHDP and it is officially listed as seaport serving western India, after the partition
running over 2,369 km (1,472 mi) from Varanasi to of India from Pakistan left the port of Karachi in
Kanyakumari. It is the longest national highway in Pakistan.
India. As per the recent rationalization of Highway
64. (c) Barren Island is located in the Andaman Sea,
numbers this is renamed as NH 44.
one of the most easterly of the Andaman Islands. It
56. (d) Established in 1591 by Muhammad Quli
is the only confirmed active volcano in South Asia.
Qutab Shah, Hyderabad remained under the rule of
65. (d) Mount Everest is the highest peak of the
the Qutab Shahi dynasty for nearly a century before
Himalaya and is the world’s highest peak with an
the Mughals captured the region. In 1724, Mughal
elevation of 29,035 feet (8,850 meters). K2 is the
viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and
second highest peak of the Himalayan mountain
created his own dynasty, also known as the Nizams
range and also the second highest peak on earth with
of Hyderabad. The Hyderabad State ultimately
an elevation of 28,251 feet (8,611 meters). Other
became a princely state during British rule, and
famous peaks include Kailash, Kanchenjunga,
remained so for 150 years, with the city serving as
its capital. Nanga Parbat, Annapurna, and Manasklu. The
58. (c) Rajasthan is blessed with two critical resources Himalayas includes more than 110 peaks rising to
that are essential to solar power production: high elevations of 24,000 feet (7,300 meters) or more
level of solar radiation per square inch and large above sea level.
amounts of contiguous, relatively flat, undeveloped 66. (c) Chhattisgarh is the 10th largest state in India,
land. with an area of 135,190 km². With a population
59. (c) Wells are the principal source of irrigation of 25.5 million, Chhattisgarh is the 16th most-
in Tamilnadu. During the year under review, open populated state of the nation.
wells and tube-wells/bore-wells continued to be the 73. (a) The Konkan Railway (Railway Symbol:KR) is
principal source of irrigation. The net area irrigated a railway line which runs along the Konkan coast
by open wells and tube-wells / bore-wells together of India. It was constructed and is operated by the
accounted for 1593968 ha (about 55.7 % of the total Konkan Railway Corporation. It runs from Thokur,
net area irrigated) in 09-10 as against 1614082 ha near Mangalore in Karnataka to Roha railway station
in 08-09 showing a decrease of 20114 ha i.e. 1.2%. in Maharashtra through Goa for a total distance of
The net area irrigated by wells during the year 09-10 741 km, along the west coast of India and Western
was the highest in Villupuram district with 11.3% Ghats.
77. (b) The Tehri Dam is the highest dam in India the Purbi Singhbhum district of the Indian state of
and one of the tallest in the world. It is a multi- Jharkhand.
purpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam on the 80. (a) The Coromandel Coast, is the southeastern
Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand, India. coast of the Indian Subcontinent between
78. (b) Saraswati River refers to a river, that was a Kanyakumari and False Divi Point. It may also
distributary of the Bhagirathi and is now no more include the southeastern coast of the island of Sri
there but was active till around the 16th century Lanka.
AD. The course and condition of the Saraswati has 86. (b) Dandakarnya is the region where a
played an important role in the development and rehabilitation plan for the people displaced from
decline of river port towns in Bengal. Initially, the Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) was drawn up after
major port town was Tamralipta, after the decline the independence. The project, however, did not
of which Saptagram rose and declined, and finally attract many of the displaced persons. The region
Kolkata came up. lies in the tribal belt of Orissa and Chattisgarh.
79. (d) The Jaduguda Mine (also spelt as Jadugoda or 94. (b) Raman Peak is the name given to a submarine
Jadugora) is a uranium mine in Jaduguda village in mountain peak situated in the Arabian Sea.

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For further information about the books from DISHA,

1. Indus Valley Civilization 1-9

Section B : GEOGRAPHY B-1–B-42

Section C : INDIAN POLITY & GOVERNANCE C-1–C-54

1. Indian Constitution 1-15

1. Indian Economy 1-12

Section E : GENERAL SCIENCE E-1–E-80

Section F : GENERAL AWARENESS F-1–F-40

1. Art and Culture 1-7

Section G : CURRENT AFFAIRS G-1–G-60

1 Indus Valley Civilization

Hints & Solutions

Vedic Period (a) Indra (b) Agni

Hints & Solutions

MAURYA PERIOD 9. Who was Ashoka’s contemporary king of Ceylon?

POST-MAURYA PERIOD 88. A Kushan Devakula was found in the vicinity of

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51. Who influenced Mahadev Govind Ranade to (a) Samachar Sandhaya

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19. Chena cultivation is found in (c) Local market facility

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