CHAPTER 1

INTRUDUCTION

Background of the Study

Culture represents the society and attributes of people. It

creates the perspective of how to see the world. All around the world,

there are almost 3,814 different cultures. Each culture has its

language, tradition, customs, art, and lifestyles. Cultural

advancements in the modern world are the outcome of decades.

Altering social norms, traditions, values, ideology, and attributes are

time taking process.

Some people claim that there is no place for traditional

values in modern society. According to one of opposing views, the

major negative impact is that there is no place for tradition in modern

society. The cultural and moral values are rapidly fading away as

people to continue to adjust the patters of modernization Inglehart

et.al,(2000).

Trying to see whether modern trends have replaced cultural

beliefs and practices, that preserving traditions is the best path to

follow . cultures simply refers to the way of life followed by a particular

community, and which is passed from one generation to another .

Modernization, on the other hand, is the process of adopting new

trends of life in order to comply with currents demands of life. As we

all know , people are born and brought up in cultural environments,

and in that case ,culture can be termed as the unique possession of

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every human being on earth. Apart from being the shared behavior’s

or attitudes that we possess as humans, culture is also that complex

whole comprising of the general characteristics of life that we acquire

as members of society (Thomas & Ibrahim et al., 2004).

Culture has great importance on humans, and therefore,

nothing should be allowed to interfere with it. Even though it is true

that globalisation modernisation are key catalysts of development,

developing curries should try to limit the levels by hic they embrace

these two trends as a way of 3n encouraging and facilitating

advancements (Besculides & McCormick et.al, 2002). A greater risk of

forgetting their own cultural identities It is patently clear that many

people have accorded much concern to the patterns of other cultures ,

particularly foreign ones , something which has constantly put them

in contrary lines with their own cultures ( Pieterse et al., 2009).

Different cultures have different dressing codes and eating

habits, and in that case, imitating other culture’s patterns as far as

these aspects are concerned is likely to violate the moral and religious

concerns of one’s own culture. This cultural diversity is very

important since it creates new needs for different people, this

bringing a positive impact on tourism sector. Despite the

overwhelming pressures of modernisation, some communities have

vigorously, maintained their traditions and cultural studies , thus

attract a lot of interest from communities who constantly pay them a

visit to explore their unique cultural identities ( Abbas et al., 2012).

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 In this way, the new needs created by cultures are certain to

generate lot of revenue to local tourism sectors and the communities

involved. More importantly cultural diversity covers the entire range o

human experiences, and in that case, it gives interpretation to certain

situations of life as they apply to people in society. This also provides

an opportunity for better understanding of other cultures through

social interaction, thus helping to improve social relationships among

people of different cultures. Through preservation of culture, we tend

to maintain our traditional beliefs, family norms and values ad

sociological standards, among other important aspects.

There are numerous reasons behind the culture changes in

the modern world like diffusion of a culture (adapting another culture)

when people travel from one country to another for trade they brought

their culture also which diffuse the local culture,

Culture changes are the part of the society it is expected

within a few years there will be more new advancements and

development and it will enhance the modern world in economic growth

and emerge the new social taboos. Understanding these effects is

crucial for analysing cultural changes and promoting culture in the

present time.

Based on our observation here in Poblacion Tadian

Mountain Province that most of our tradition where now fading like

cultures, beliefs, customs, rituals and tradition .Some tradition of

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Tadian was now fading like superstitious and rituals . Elders where

afraid to pass down the rituals to the young generation because of lots

of responsibility that they will experience.

Traditional culture as a foundation identify the differences or

lack of understanding between traditional culture and modern society.

Content and examples explore and examine the elements of traditional

culture such as rituals, beliefs, traditions, and other aspects that

express the identity and sense of belonging of a community. Modern

understanding of tradition researches the changing perspectives and

values people have towards traditional culture in the current era.

Cultural preservation understands the importance of

preserving and valuing traditional culture as part of our national

history and identity. Cultural identity determine how traditional

culture influences the formation of people’s identities in modern

society. Social cohesion comprehend how traditional culture aims to

foster unity and strengthen relationships within a community.

Cultural adaptation study how people interpret and incorporate

aspects of traditional culture into the modern society.

By assessing the effects of traditional culture on modern

society, you can gain a deeper understanding of the changes and

challenges your society faces today. There is great potential for

drawing conclusions that can be utilized in shaping policies and

programs for the preservation and promotion of culture.

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Theoretical Framework:

The study aims to investigate the relationship between

traditional culture and modernization. Traditional culture refers to the

values, beliefs, customs, and practices that have been passed down

through generations within a particular society. Modernization, on the

other hand, pertains to the process of adopting new technologies,

ideas, and social structures, leading to societal advancement and

change.

According to sociocultural theory (Vygotsky, 1978), culture

plays a crucial role in shaping individual behavior, cognition, and

social interaction. It provides a framework through which individuals

understand the world and form their identities. Traditional culture,

with its deep-rooted norms and practices, influences various aspects

of individuals’ lives, including their attitudes, behaviors, and decision-

making processes.

In the context of modernization, the dynamics between

traditional culture and societal change become particularly

significant. The process of modernization often challenges traditional

cultural values and practices, introducing new ideas, technologies,

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and social norms. This interaction between tradition and modernity

creates a complex relationship that varies across different societies

and contexts.

Several theoretical perspectives shed light on this relationship:

Modernization theory posits that as societies transition

from traditional to modern forms, there is a gradual shift in cultural

values and practices. Traditional culture may be seen as an obstacle

to modernization, as it can impede the adoption of new technologies

and social structures.

Cultural adaptation theory suggests that traditional culture

adapts and evolves in response to modernization. It emphasizes the

agency of individuals and communities in navigating the changes

brought about by modernization while preserving elements of their

cultural heritage.

Cultural hybridity theory recognizes that modernization

often leads to the blending and mixing of traditional and modern

cultural elements. It emphasizes the coexistence and synthesis of

diverse cultural practices, resulting in hybrid cultural expressions.

Cultural resilience theory posits that traditional culture can

be resilient and adaptive in the face of modernization. It highlights the

capacity of traditional cultural systems to withstand external

pressures and maintain their core values and practices.

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 Conceptual Framework

This part consist of the conceptual framework have design and

utilities in their studies.The system approach (input -Process-Output

system)was used in describing the conceptual framework of the study.

This will serve as a reference point/structure for the discussion of the

SOP , methodology and results.This plays an important role in guiding

the researchers in the entire process of the research study.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

• Influence of values
• Ethnographic Awareness……
and beliefs in
tradition to •Interview
modernization .
•

•Impact of traditioal
values and beliefs to
social,economic,and
political aspects of 7
modern societies.
 Figure 1: Paradigm of the study

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of Traditional values and

beliefs to the modern society.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1.How does traditional values and beliefs influence the process of

modernization?

2.In what ways does traditional values and beliefs impact social,

economic, and political aspects of modern societies?

3.What are the challenges and opportunities presented by the

interaction of traditional values and beliefs in modernization?

Assumption

1.Traditional values and beliefs can have a significant influence on the

process of modernization. They often serve as the foundation of a

society’s cultural and social identity, shaping people’s attitudes,

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behaviors, and decision-making processes. When societies undergo

modernization, which involves adopting new technologies, ideas, and

social structures, traditional values and beliefs can either facilitate or

impede the process.

In some cases, traditional values and beliefs may align with

the goals of modernization, providing a sense of continuity and

stability as societies transition. They can serve as a source of

inspiration, helping individuals adapt to new circumstances while

retaining core aspects of their cultural heritage. For example,

traditional values emphasizing hard work, education, and family

cohesion can support the process of economic development and social

progress.

However, traditional values and beliefs can also pose

challenges to modernization. They may resist change, viewing it as a

threat to established norms and customs. Traditional values that

prioritize conformity, authority, and hierarchical social structures

might hinder the adoption of new ideas and technologies. In some

cases, deeply ingrained beliefs can lead to resistance against gender

equality, individual freedoms, or democratic principles.

2. Traditional values and beliefs can impact various aspects of modern

societies, including social, economic, and political domains.

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 a. Socially, traditional values and beliefs shape social norms, roles,

and expectations. They influence family structures, gender

roles, marriage customs, and intergenerational relationships.

These aspects can impact social cohesion, individual rights, and

inclusivity within a society. For example, societies with deeply

rooted traditional values may face challenges in embracing

diverse lifestyles, alternative family structures, or gender

equality.

b. Economically, traditional values and beliefs can affect labor

markets, entrepreneurial attitudes, and work ethics. Values

such as thrift, frugality, and the importance of communal

welfare can either promote or hinder economic development.

Additionally, traditional practices and beliefs may impact

economic sectors tied to cultural heritage, tourism, or crafts.

c. Politically, traditional values and beliefs can influence

governance systems and political ideologies. They can shape

attitudes towards authority, power structures, and the role of

religion in public life. In some cases, traditional values may

support hierarchical or authoritarian political systems, while in

others, they may foster democratic values, participatory

decision-making, and respect for human rights.

3. The interaction of traditional values and beliefs with modernization

presents both challenges and opportunities.

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a. Resistance to change: Traditional values and beliefs deeply

rooted in societies can resist and impede the adoption of new

ideas, technologies, and social structures necessary for

modernization.

b. Inequality and exclusion: Traditional values may perpetuate

social inequalities, restrict individual freedoms, and marginalize

certain groups within society, such as women, minorities, or

those with different beliefs or lifestyles.

c. Conflicting values: There can be conflicts between traditional

values and modern principles, such as gender equality, human

rights, or environmental sustainability, which can create

tensions and hinder progress. Opportunities:

d. Cultural preservation: Traditional values and beliefs can provide

a sense of cultural identity and heritage, fostering pride and

preserving valuable aspects of a society’s history and traditions

during the process of modernization.

e. Social cohesion: Traditional values that promote strong family

ties, community bonds, and shared moral values can contribute

to social cohesion and stability in modern societies. Adaptive

capacity: Some traditional values and practices may offer

valuable insights and solutions to contemporary challenges,

such as sustainable resource management, holistic approaches

to health and well-being, or community-based problem-solving.

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Navigating the challenges and leveraging the opportunities of the

interaction between traditional values and beliefs in modernization

requires thoughtful dialogue, cultural sensitivity, and a willingness to

critically evaluate and adapt traditions to meet the evolving needs of

societies.

CHAPTER 2

Research and Methodology

This chapter presents the method use in this research- the

generally use in method and the specific design adheres in the

inquiry, the respondent’s participant in the study, the instrument

used to gather the data needed and how it is validated and certified

the phase of the collection of data.

Research Design

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 This research will use qualitative research design.

Qualitative aims to study things in the natural setting to make sense

of a phenomenon. It is an approach for searching a data or research is

based on something that is experienced or observed as oppose to

being based on theory (Keith et al., 2005). It relates to ideas,

perceptions, opinions, or belief of the person being studied and all of

them cannot be measured by number (Creswell et al., 2012). The

qualitative design that will be used in this study will be ethnographic.

This technique is a research method that seeks to understand of

cultural of the way a group of people live and perceive life within their

own space. It is used to examine the behaviors of a group of people

who share common social and cultural phenomena. (Wilson &

Chaddha et al., 2009).

Locale and Population

The study will be conducted at Poblacion, Tadian, Mountain

Province.The respondents will be interviewed by in their houses or any

comfortable place that they will participate, these respondents will be

interviewed face to face. The participants in this research are the

elders, middle age adult, teenagers.

These respondents will be 5 teenagers,5 middle age adult,5

elders. The respondents that will get at the total of 15. The sampling

method that will be use is purposive sampling. A non-probability

method obtaining sample where researchers use their expertise to

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choose specific participants that will help the study meet its goals.

(Nikolopoulou et al., 2022)

Data Gathering Tools

This study will use a Interview.It is a purposeful interaction

in which one person obtains information from one or more

individuals. It is essentially the oral, in-person administration of a

questionnaire to each member of the sample. There are many

situations in which an interview is the most appropriate as it allows

for greater depth of information which is not possible by any other

means. In the light of the above, this paper aims to familiarize the

researcher with the interview as a data-gathering technique and

attempt to develop skills in their use and sensitivity to their

effectiveness in specific situations. The intention is also to enable the

researchers to choose the most suitable case in which to use Tools fo

Data Collection interviews as an instrument for data collection.

Furthermore, certain key ideas such as the role of interview along with

its various types; guidelines that a researcher should follow while

conducting an interview; reliability and validity of an interview; and

some of the strengths and limitations of the interview as a data-

gathering technique are also set out, so that decisions on their

suitability do not become arbitrary and the criterion of fitness for

purpose is held high.

Data Gathering Procedure

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 Prior to the conduct of the study, the researchers will ask

permission through a formal letter to the Punong Barangay of

Poblacion, Tadian. If the permission is granted the researcher will

proceed to the interview the respondents. After the researchers

collected the data gathered and complete the required data, the

researcher will now interpret the data gathered. Based on the data

gathered, the researcher comes up with conclusions and

recommendations.

Research Ethics

Participants will be provided with detailed information

about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits.

They will be given the opportunity to ask questions and provide

informed consent before participating. Confidentiality: The privacy and

confidentiality of participants will be ensured. All data collected will be

anonymized and stored securely. Any identifiable information will be

kept confidential and used only for research purposes. Participation in

the study will be entirely voluntary, and participants will have the

right to withdraw at any stage without penalty or negative

consequences. Efforts will be made to minimize any potential harm or

discomfort to participants. Sensitivity will be exercised when

discussing cultural practices and beliefs to avoid causing offense. The

research team will demonstrate cultural sensitivity and respect for

participants’ traditions, beliefs, and values. Researchers will seek to

understand and navigate potential cultural nuances and avoid

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imposing their own biases. The research project will undergo ethical

review by the appropriate institutional body to ensure compliance with

ethical standards and guidelines.

References:

Inglehart R, Baker WL.Modernization,cultural change,and the

Thomas, S., Fine, M., & Ibrahim, S. (2004).Health disparities:the

Besculides, A., Lee, M., & McCormick, P. (2002).

Pieterse, J. (2009).Globalization and culture:Global Melange.Lanham,

Abbas, R. (2012). We Cannot Move Forward Unless We Preserve our

Keith F. Punch (2005). Introduction to Social Research–Quantitative

Qualitative approach.

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